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Chapter 12. BNF for SQL Grammar
12.1. Reserved Keywords
12.2. Non-Reserved Keywords
12.3. Reserved Keywords For Future Use
ALLOCATE | ARE | ASENSITIVE |
ASYMETRIC | AUTHORIZATION | BINARY |
CALLED | CASCADED | CHARACTER |
CHECK | CLOSE | COLLATE |
CONNECT | CORRESPONDING | CRITERIA |
CURRENT_USER | CURSOR | CYCLE |
DATALINK | DEALLOCATE | DEC |
DEREF | DESCRIBE | DETERMINISTIC |
DISCONNECT | DLNEWCOPY | DLPREVIOUSCOPY |
DLURLCOMPLETE | DLURLCOMPLETEONLY | DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE |
DLURLPATH | DLURLPATHONLY | DLURLPATHWRITE |
DLURLSCHEME | DLURLSERVER | DLVALUE |
DYNAMIC | ELEMENT | EXTERNAL |
FREE | GET | HAS |
HOLD | IDENTITY | INDICATOR |
INPUT | INSENSITIVE | INT |
INTERVAL | ISOLATION | LARGE |
LOCALTIME | LOCALTIMESTAMP | MATCH |
MEMBER | METHOD | MODIFIES |
MODULE | MULTISET | NATIONAL |
NATURAL | NCHAR | NCLOB |
NEW | NUMERIC | OLD |
OPEN | OUTPUT | OVERLAPS |
PRECISION | PREPARE | READS |
RECURSIVE | REFERENCING | RELEASE |
ROLLBACK | SAVEPOINT | SCROLL |
SEARCH | SENSITIVE | SESSION_USER |
SPECIFIC | SPECIFICTYPE | SQL |
START | STATIC | SUBMULTILIST |
SYMETRIC | SYSTEM | SYSTEM_USER |
TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE | TRANSLATION |
TREAT | VALUE | VARYING |
WHENEVER | WINDOW | XMLBINARY |
XMLDOCUMENT | XMLITERATE | XMLVALIDATE |
12.4. Tokens
12.5. Production Cross-Reference
12.6. Productions
12.6.1. string ::=
A string literal value. Use '' to escape ' in the string.
Example:
'a string'
'it''s a string'
12.6.2. non-reserved identifier ::=
Allows non-reserved keywords to be parsed as identifiers
Example: SELECT COUNT FROM …
12.6.3. basicNonReserved ::=
- INSTEAD
- VIEW
- ENABLED
- DISABLED
- KEY
- TEXTAGG
- COUNT
- COUNT_BIG
- ROW_NUMBER
- RANK
- DENSE_RANK
- SUM
- AVG
- MIN
- MAX
- EVERY
- STDDEV_POP
- STDDEV_SAMP
- VAR_SAMP
- VAR_POP
- DOCUMENT
- CONTENT
- TRIM
- EMPTY
- ORDINALITY
- PATH
- FIRST
- LAST
- NEXT
- SUBSTRING
- EXTRACT
- TO_CHARS
- TO_BYTES
- TIMESTAMPADD
- TIMESTAMPDIFF
- QUERYSTRING
- NAMESPACE
- RESULT
- ACCESSPATTERN
- AUTO_INCREMENT
- WELLFORMED
- SQL_TSI_FRAC_SECOND
- SQL_TSI_SECOND
- SQL_TSI_MINUTE
- SQL_TSI_HOUR
- SQL_TSI_DAY
- SQL_TSI_WEEK
- SQL_TSI_MONTH
- SQL_TSI_QUARTER
- SQL_TSI_YEAR
- TEXTTABLE
- ARRAYTABLE
- JSONTABLE
- SELECTOR
- SKIP
- WIDTH
- PASSING
- NAME
- ENCODING
- COLUMNS
- DELIMITER
- QUOTE
- HEADER
- NULLS
- OBJECTTABLE
- VERSION
- INCLUDING
- EXCLUDING
- XMLDECLARATION
- VARIADIC
- RAISE
- CHAIN
- JSONARRAY_AGG
- JSONOBJECT
- PRESERVE
- UPSERT
- AFTER
- TYPE
- TRANSLATOR
- JAAS
- CONDITION
- MASK
- ACCESS
- CONTROL
- NONE
- DATA
- DATABASE
- PRIVILEGES
- ROLE
- SCHEMA
- USE
- REPOSITORY
- RENAME
- DOMAIN
- USAGE
- POSITION
- CURRENT
- UNBOUNDED
- PRECEDING
- FOLLOWING
- LISTAGG
- EXPLAIN
- ANALYZE
- TEXT
- FORMAT
- YAML
- EPOCH
- QUARTER
- POLICY
12.6.4. Unqualified identifier ::=
Unqualified name of a single entity.
Example:
"tbl"
12.6.5. identifier ::=
Partial or full name of a single entity.
Example:
tbl.col
"tbl"."col"
12.6.6. create trigger ::=
- CREATE TRIGGER ( <identifier> )? ON <identifier> ( ( INSTEAD OF ) | AFTER ) ( INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE ) AS <for each row trigger action>
Creates a trigger action on the given target.
Example:
CREATE TRIGGER ON vw INSTEAD OF INSERT AS FOR EACH ROW BEGIN ATOMIC ... END
12.6.7. alter ::=
- ALTER ( ( VIEW <identifier> AS <query expression> ) | ( PROCEDURE <identifier> AS <statement> ) | ( TRIGGER ( <identifier> )? ON <identifier> ( ( INSTEAD OF ) | AFTER ) ( INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE ) ( ( AS <for each row trigger action> ) | ENABLED | DISABLED ) ) )
Alter the given target.
Example:
ALTER VIEW vw AS SELECT col FROM tbl
12.6.8. for each row trigger action ::=
Defines an action to perform on each row.
Example:
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN ATOMIC ... END
12.6.9. explain ::=
- EXPLAIN ( <lparen> <explain option> ( <comma> <explain option> )* <rparen> )? <directly executable statement>
Returns the query plan for the statement
Example: EXPLAIN select 1
12.6.10. explain option ::=
Option for the explain statement
Example: FORMAT YAML
12.6.11. directly executable statement ::=
A statement that can be executed at runtime.
Example:
SELECT * FROM tbl
12.6.12. drop table ::=
Drop the given table.
Example:
DROP TABLE #temp
12.6.13. create temporary table ::=
- CREATE ( LOCAL )? TEMPORARY TABLE <Unqualified identifier> <lparen> <temporary table element> ( <comma> <temporary table element> )* ( <comma> PRIMARY KEY <column list> )? <rparen> ( ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS )?
Creates a temporary table.
Example:
CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (col integer)
12.6.14. temporary table element ::=
- <identifier> ( <basic data type> | SERIAL ) ( NOT NULL )?
Defines a temporary table column.
Example:
col string NOT NULL
12.6.15. raise error statement ::=
Raises an error with the given message.
Example:
ERROR 'something went wrong'
12.6.16. raise statement ::=
- RAISE ( SQLWARNING )? <exception reference>
Raises an error or warning with the given message.
Example:
RAISE SQLEXCEPTION 'something went wrong'
12.6.17. exception reference ::=
a reference to an exception
Example:
SQLEXCEPTION 'something went wrong' SQLSTATE '00X', 2
12.6.18. sql exception ::=
- SQLEXCEPTION <common value expression> ( SQLSTATE <common value expression> ( <comma> <common value expression> )? )? ( CHAIN <exception reference> )?
creates a sql exception or warning with the specified message, state, and code
Example:
SQLEXCEPTION 'something went wrong' SQLSTATE '00X', 2
12.6.19. statement ::=
- ( ( <identifier> <colon> )? ( <loop statement> | <while statement> | <compound statement> ) )
- <if statement> | <delimited statement>
A procedure statement.
Example:
IF (x = 5) BEGIN ... END
12.6.20. delimited statement ::=
- ( <assignment statement> | <data statement> | <raise error statement> | <raise statement> | <declare statement> | <branching statement> | <return statement> ) <semicolon>
A procedure statement terminated by ;.
Example:
SELECT * FROM tbl;
12.6.21. compound statement ::=
A procedure statement block contained in BEGIN END.
Example:
BEGIN NOT ATOMIC ... END
12.6.22. branching statement ::=
- ( ( BREAK | CONTINUE ) ( <identifier> )? )
- ( LEAVE <identifier> )
A procedure branching control statement, which typically specifies a label to return control to.
Example:
BREAK x
12.6.23. return statement ::=
- RETURN ( <expression> )?
A return statement.
Example:
RETURN 1
12.6.24. while statement ::=
A procedure while statement that executes until its condition is false.
Example:
WHILE (var) BEGIN ... END
12.6.25. loop statement ::=
- LOOP ON <lparen> <query expression> <rparen> AS <identifier> <statement>
A procedure loop statement that executes over the given cursor.
Example:
LOOP ON (SELECT * FROM tbl) AS x BEGIN ... END
12.6.26. if statement ::=
A procedure loop statement that executes over the given cursor.
Example:
IF (boolVal) BEGIN variables.x = 1 END ELSE BEGIN variables.x = 2 END
12.6.27. declare statement ::=
- DECLARE ( <data type> | EXCEPTION ) <identifier> ( <eq> <assignment statement operand> )?
A procedure declaration statement that creates a variable and optionally assigns a value.
Example:
DECLARE STRING x = 'a'
12.6.28. assignment statement ::=
- <identifier> <eq> ( <assignment statement operand> | ( <call statement> ( ( WITH | WITHOUT ) RETURN )? ) )
Assigns a variable a value in a procedure.
Example:
x = 'b'
12.6.29. assignment statement operand ::=
A value or command that can be used in an assignment. {note}All assignments except for expression are deprecated.{note}
12.6.30. data statement ::=
- ( <directly executable statement> | <dynamic data statement> ) ( ( WITH | WITHOUT ) RETURN )?
A procedure statement that executes a SQL statement. An update statement can have its update count accessed via the ROWCOUNT variable.
12.6.31. dynamic data statement ::=
- ( EXECUTE | EXEC ) ( STRING | IMMEDIATE )? <expression> ( AS <typed element list> ( INTO <identifier> )? )? ( USING <set clause list> )? ( UPDATE ( <unsigned integer> | <star> ) )?
A procedure statement that can execute arbitrary sql.
Example:
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT * FROM tbl' AS x STRING INTO #temp
12.6.32. set clause list ::=
- <identifier> <eq> <expression> ( <comma> <identifier> <eq> <expression> )*
A list of value assignments.
Example:
col1 = 'x', col2 = 'y' ...
12.6.33. typed element list ::=
- <identifier> <basic data type> ( <comma> <identifier> <basic data type> )*
A list of typed elements.
Example:
col1 string, col2 integer ...
12.6.34. callable statement ::=
- <lbrace> ( <qmark> <eq> )? CALL <identifier> ( <lparen> ( <named parameter list> | ( <expression list> )? ) <rparen> )? <rbrace> ( <option clause> )?
A callable statement defined using JDBC escape syntax.
Example:
{? = CALL proc}
12.6.35. call statement ::=
- ( ( EXEC | EXECUTE | CALL ) <identifier> <lparen> ( <named parameter list> | ( <expression list> )? ) <rparen> ) ( <option clause> )?
Executes the procedure with the given parameters.
Example:
CALL proc('a', 1)
12.6.36. named parameter list ::=
- ( <identifier> <eq> ( <gt> )? <expression> ( <comma> <identifier> <eq> ( <gt> )? <expression> )* )
A list of named parameters.
Example:
param1 => 'x', param2 => 1
12.6.37. insert statement ::=
- ( INSERT | MERGE | UPSERT ) INTO <identifier> ( <column list> )? <query expression> ( <option clause> )?
Inserts values into the given target.
Example:
INSERT INTO tbl (col1, col2) VALUES ('a', 1)
12.6.38. expression list ::=
- <expression> ( <comma> <expression> )*
A list of expressions.
Example:
col1, 'a', ...
12.6.39. update statement ::=
- UPDATE <identifier> ( ( AS )? <identifier> )? SET <set clause list> ( <where clause> )? ( <option clause> )?
Update values in the given target.
Example:
UPDATE tbl SET (col1 = 'a') WHERE col2 = 1
12.6.40. delete statement ::=
- DELETE FROM <identifier> ( ( AS )? <identifier> )? ( <where clause> )? ( <option clause> )?
Delete rows from the given target.
Example:
DELETE FROM tbl WHERE col2 = 1
12.6.41. query expression ::=
- ( WITH <with list element> ( <comma> <with list element> )* )? <query expression body>
A declarative query for data.
Example:
SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE col2 = 1
12.6.42. with list element ::=
- <identifier> ( <column list> )? AS <lparen> <query expression> <rparen>
A query expression for use in the enclosing query.
Example:
X (Y, Z) AS (SELECT 1, 2)
12.6.43. query expression body ::=
- <query term> ( ( UNION | EXCEPT ) ( ALL | DISTINCT )? <query term> )* ( <order by clause> )? ( <limit clause> )? ( <option clause> )?
The body of a query expression, which can optionally be ordered and limited.
Example:
SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY col1 LIMIT 1
12.6.44. query term ::=
- <query primary> ( INTERSECT ( ALL | DISTINCT )? <query primary> )*
Used to establish INTERSECT precedence.
Example:
SELECT * FROM tbl
SELECT * FROM tbl1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM tbl2
12.6.45. query primary ::=
- <query>
- ( VALUES <lparen> <expression list> <rparen> ( <comma> <lparen> <expression list> <rparen> )* )
- ( TABLE <identifier> )
- ( <lparen> <query expression body> <rparen> )
A declarative source of rows.
Example:
TABLE tbl
SELECT * FROM tbl1
12.6.46. query ::=
- <select clause> ( <into clause> )? ( <from clause> ( <where clause> )? ( <group by clause> )? ( <having clause> )? )?
A SELECT query.
Example:
SELECT col1, max(col2) FROM tbl GROUP BY col1
12.6.47. into clause ::=
Used to direct the query into a table. {note}This is deprecated. Use INSERT INTO with a query expression instead.{note}
Example:
INTO tbl
12.6.48. select clause ::=
- SELECT ( ALL | DISTINCT )? ( <star> | ( <select sublist> ( <comma> <select sublist> )* ) )
The columns returned by a query. Can optionally be distinct.
Example:
SELECT *
SELECT DISTINCT a, b, c
12.6.49. select sublist ::=
An element in the select clause
Example:
tbl.*
tbl.col AS x
12.6.50. select derived column ::=
- ( <expression> ( ( AS )? <identifier> )? )
A select clause item that selects a single column. {note}This is slightly different than a derived column in that the AS keyword is optional.{note}
Example:
tbl.col AS x
12.6.51. derived column ::=
- ( <expression> ( AS <identifier> )? )
An optionally named expression.
Example:
tbl.col AS x
12.6.52. all in group ::=
A select sublist that can select all columns from the given group.
Example:
tbl.*
12.6.53. ordered aggregate function ::=
- ( XMLAGG | ARRAY_AGG | JSONARRAY_AGG ) <lparen> <expression> ( <order by clause> )? <rparen>
An aggregate function that can optionally be ordered.
Example:
XMLAGG(col1) ORDER BY col2
ARRAY_AGG(col1)
12.6.54. text aggreate function ::=
- TEXTAGG <lparen> ( FOR )? <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )* ( DELIMITER <character> )? ( ( QUOTE <character> ) | ( NO QUOTE ) )? ( HEADER )? ( ENCODING <identifier> )? ( <order by clause> )? <rparen>
An aggregate function for creating separated value clobs.
Example:
TEXTAGG (col1 as t1, col2 as t2 DELIMITER ',' HEADER)
12.6.55. standard aggregate function ::=
A standard aggregate function.
Example:
COUNT(*)
12.6.56. analytic aggregate function ::=
- ( ROW_NUMBER | RANK | DENSE_RANK | PERCENT_RANK | CUME_DIST ) <lparen> <rparen>
An analytic aggregate function.
Example:
ROW_NUMBER()
12.6.57. filter clause ::=
- FILTER <lparen> WHERE <boolean primary> <rparen>
An aggregate filter clause applied prior to accumulating the value.
Example:
FILTER (WHERE col1='a')
12.6.58. from clause ::=
- FROM ( <table reference> ( <comma> <table reference> )* )
A query from clause containing a list of table references.
Example:
FROM a, b
FROM a right outer join b, c, d join e".</p>
12.6.59. table reference ::=
- ( <escaped join> <joined table> <rbrace> )
- <joined table>
An optionally escaped joined table.
Example:
a
a inner join b
12.6.60. joined table ::=
- <table primary> ( <cross join> | <qualified table> )*
A table or join.
Example:
a
a inner join b
12.6.61. cross join ::=
- ( ( CROSS | UNION ) JOIN <table primary> )
A cross join.
Example:
a CROSS JOIN b
12.6.62. qualified table ::=
An INNER or OUTER join.
Example:
a inner join b
12.6.63. table primary ::=
- ( <text table> | <array table> | <json table> | <xml table> | <object table> | <table name> | <table subquery> | ( <lparen> <joined table> <rparen> ) ) ( ( MAKEDEP <make dep options> ) | MAKENOTDEP )? ( ( MAKEIND <make dep options> ) )?
A single source of rows.
Example:
a
12.6.64. make dep options ::=
options for the make dep hint
Example:
(min:10000)
12.6.65. xml serialize ::=
- XMLSERIALIZE <lparen> ( DOCUMENT | CONTENT )? <expression> ( AS ( STRING | VARCHAR | CLOB | VARBINARY | BLOB ) )? ( ENCODING <identifier> )? ( VERSION <string> )? ( ( INCLUDING | EXCLUDING ) XMLDECLARATION )? <rparen>
Serializes an XML value.
Example:
XMLSERIALIZE(col1 AS CLOB)
12.6.66. array table ::=
- ARRAYTABLE <lparen> ( ROW | ROWS )? <value expression primary> COLUMNS <typed element list> <rparen> ( AS )? <identifier>
The ARRAYTABLE table function creates tabular results from arrays. It can be used as a nested table reference.
Example:
ARRAYTABLE (col1 COLUMNS x STRING) AS y
12.6.67. json table ::=
- JSONTABLE <lparen> <value expression primary> <comma> <string> ( <comma> ( TRUE | FALSE ) )? COLUMNS <json table column> ( <comma> <json table column> )* <rparen> ( AS )? <identifier>
The JSONTABLE table function creates tabular results from JSON. It can be used as a nested table reference.
Example:
JSONTABLE (col1, '$..book', false COLUMNS x STRING) AS y
12.6.68. json table column ::=
- <identifier> ( ( FOR ORDINALITY ) | ( <basic data type> ( PATH <string> )? ) )
json table column.
Example:
col FOR ORDINALITY
12.6.69. text table ::=
- TEXTTABLE <lparen> <common value expression> ( SELECTOR <string> )? COLUMNS <text table column> ( <comma> <text table column> )* ( ( NO ROW DELIMITER ) | ( ROW DELIMITER <character> ) )? ( DELIMITER <character> )? ( ( ESCAPE <character> ) | ( QUOTE <character> ) )? ( HEADER ( <unsigned integer> )? )? ( SKIP <unsigned integer> )? ( NO TRIM )? <rparen> ( AS )? <identifier>
The TEXTTABLE table function creates tabular results from text. It can be used as a nested table reference.
Example:
TEXTTABLE (file COLUMNS x STRING) AS y
12.6.70. text table column ::=
- <identifier> ( ( FOR ORDINALITY ) | ( ( HEADER <string> )? <basic data type> ( WIDTH <unsigned integer> ( NO TRIM )? )? ( SELECTOR <string> <unsigned integer> )? ) )
A text table column.
Example:
x INTEGER WIDTH 6
12.6.71. xml query ::=
- XMLEXISTS <lparen> ( <xml namespaces> <comma> )? <string> ( PASSING <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )* )? <rparen>
Executes an XQuery to return an XML result.
Example:
XMLQUERY('<a>...</a>' PASSING doc)
12.6.72. xml query ::=
- XMLQUERY <lparen> ( <xml namespaces> <comma> )? <string> ( PASSING <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )* )? ( ( NULL | EMPTY ) ON EMPTY )? <rparen>
Executes an XQuery to return an XML result.
Example:
XMLQUERY('<a>...</a>' PASSING doc)
12.6.73. object table ::=
- OBJECTTABLE <lparen> ( LANGUAGE <string> )? <string> ( PASSING <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )* )? COLUMNS <object table column> ( <comma> <object table column> )* <rparen> ( AS )? <identifier>
Returns table results by processing a script.
Example:
OBJECTTABLE('z' PASSING val AS z COLUMNS col OBJECT 'teiid_row') AS X
12.6.74. object table column ::=
- <identifier> <basic data type> <string> ( DEFAULT <expression> )?
object table column.
Example:
y integer 'teiid_row_number'
12.6.75. xml table ::=
- XMLTABLE <lparen> ( <xml namespaces> <comma> )? <string> ( PASSING <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )* )? ( COLUMNS <xml table column> ( <comma> <xml table column> )* )? <rparen> ( AS )? <identifier>
Returns table results by processing an XQuery.
Example:
XMLTABLE('/a/b' PASSING doc COLUMNS col XML PATH '.') AS X
12.6.76. xml table column ::=
- <identifier> ( ( FOR ORDINALITY ) | ( <basic data type> ( DEFAULT <expression> )? ( PATH <string> )? ) )
XML table column.
Example:
y FOR ORDINALITY
12.6.77. unsigned integer ::=
An unsigned interger value.
Example:
12345
12.6.78. table subquery ::=
- ( TABLE | LATERAL )? <lparen> ( <query expression> | <call statement> ) <rparen> ( AS )? <identifier>
A table defined by a subquery.
Example:
(SELECT * FROM tbl) AS x
12.6.79. table name ::=
- ( <identifier> ( ( AS )? <identifier> )? )
A table named in the FROM clause.
Example:
tbl AS x
12.6.80. where clause ::=
Specifies a search condition
Example:
WHERE x = 'a'
12.6.81. condition ::=
A boolean expression.
12.6.82. boolean value expression ::=
- <boolean term> ( OR <boolean term> )*
An optionally ORed boolean expression.
12.6.83. boolean term ::=
- <boolean factor> ( AND <boolean factor> )*
An optional ANDed boolean factor.
12.6.84. boolean factor ::=
- ( NOT )? <boolean primary>
A boolean factor.
Example:
NOT x = 'a'
12.6.85. boolean primary ::=
- ( <common value expression> ( <between predicate> | <match predicate> | <like regex predicate> | <in predicate> | <is null predicate> | <quantified comparison predicate> | <comparison predicate> | <is distinct> )? )
- <exists predicate>
- <xml query>
A boolean predicate or simple expression.
Example:
col LIKE 'a%'
12.6.86. comparison operator ::=
A comparison operator.
Example:
=
12.6.87. is distinct ::=
- IS ( NOT )? DISTINCT FROM <common value expression>
Is Distinct Right Hand Side
Example:
IS DISTINCT FROM expression
12.6.88. comparison predicate ::=
A value comparison.
Example:
= 'a'
12.6.89. subquery ::=
- <lparen> ( <query expression> | <call statement> ) <rparen>
A subquery.
Example:
(SELECT * FROM tbl)
12.6.90. quantified comparison predicate ::=
- <comparison operator> ( ANY | SOME | ALL ) ( <subquery> | ( <lparen> <expression> <rparen> ) )
A subquery comparison.
Example:
= ANY (SELECT col FROM tbl)
12.6.91. match predicate ::=
Matches based upon a pattern.
Example:
LIKE 'a_'
12.6.92. like regex predicate ::=
- ( NOT )? LIKE_REGEX <common value expression>
A regular expression match.
Example:
LIKE_REGEX 'a.*b'
12.6.93. character ::=
- <string>
A single character.
Example:
'a'
12.6.94. between predicate ::=
A comparison between two values.
Example:
BETWEEN 1 AND 5
12.6.95. is null predicate ::=
A null test.
Example:
IS NOT NULL
12.6.96. in predicate ::=
- ( NOT )? IN ( <subquery> | ( <lparen> <common value expression> ( <comma> <common value expression> )* <rparen> ) )
A comparison with multiple values.
Example:
IN (1, 5)
12.6.97. exists predicate ::=
A test if rows exist.
Example:
EXISTS (SELECT col FROM tbl)
12.6.98. group by clause ::=
- GROUP BY ( ROLLUP <lparen> <expression list> <rparen> | <expression list> )
Defines the grouping columns
Example:
GROUP BY col1, col2
12.6.99. having clause ::=
Search condition applied after grouping.
Example:
HAVING max(col1) = 5
12.6.100. order by clause ::=
- ORDER BY <sort specification> ( <comma> <sort specification> )*
Specifices row ordering.
Example:
ORDER BY x, y DESC
12.6.101. sort specification ::=
Defines how to sort on a particular expression
Example:
col1 NULLS FIRST
12.6.102. sort key ::=
A sort expression.
Example:
col1
12.6.103. integer parameter ::=
A literal integer or parameter reference to an integer.
Example:
?
12.6.104. limit clause ::=
- ( LIMIT <integer parameter> ( ( <comma> <integer parameter> ) | ( OFFSET <integer parameter> ) )? )
- ( OFFSET <integer parameter> ( ROW | ROWS ) ( <fetch clause> )? )
- <fetch clause>
Limits and/or offsets the resultant rows.
Example:
LIMIT 2
12.6.105. fetch clause ::=
ANSI limit.
Example:
FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY
12.6.106. option clause ::=
- OPTION ( MAKEDEP <identifier> <make dep options> ( <comma> <identifier> <make dep options> )* | MAKEIND <identifier> <make dep options> ( <comma> <identifier> <make dep options> )* | MAKENOTDEP <identifier> ( <comma> <identifier> )* | NOCACHE ( <identifier> ( <comma> <identifier> )* )? )*
Specifies query options.
Example:
OPTION MAKEDEP tbl
12.6.107. expression ::=
A value.
Example:
col1
12.6.108. common value expression ::=
- ( <numeric value expression> ( ( <double_amp_op> | <concat_op> ) <numeric value expression> )* )
Establishes the precedence of concat.
Example:
'a' || 'b'
12.6.109. numeric value expression ::=
- ( <term> ( <plus or minus> <term> )* )
Example:
1 + 2
12.6.110. plus or minus ::=
The + or - operator.
Example:
+
12.6.111. term ::=
- ( <value expression primary> ( <star or slash> <value expression primary> )* )
A numeric term
Example:
1 * 2
12.6.112. star or slash ::=
The * or / operator.
Example:
/
12.6.113. value expression primary ::=
- <non numeric literal>
- ( <plus or minus> )? ( <unsigned numeric literal> | ( <unsigned value expression primary> ( <lsbrace> <numeric value expression> <rsbrace> )* ) )
A simple value expression.
Example:
+col1
12.6.114. parameter reference ::=
- <qmark>
- ( <dollar> <unsigned integer> )
A parameter reference to be bound later.
Example:
?
12.6.115. unescapedFunction ::=
- ( ( <text aggreate function> | <standard aggregate function> | <ordered aggregate function> ) ( <filter clause> )? ( <window specification> )? ) | ( <analytic aggregate function> ( <filter clause> )? <window specification> ) | ( <function> ( <window specification> )? )
- ( XMLCAST <lparen> <expression> AS <data type> <rparen> )
12.6.116. nested expression ::=
- ( <lparen> ( <expression> ( <comma> <expression> )* )? ( <comma> )? <rparen> )
An expression nested in parens
Example:
(1)
12.6.117. unsigned value expression primary ::=
An unsigned simple value expression.
Example:
col1
12.6.118. ARRAY expression constructor ::=
- ARRAY ( ( <lsbrace> ( <expression> ( <comma> <expression> )* )? <rsbrace> ) | ( <lparen> <query expression> <rparen> ) )
Creates and array of the given expressions.
Example:
ARRAY[1,2]
12.6.119. window specification ::=
- OVER <lparen> ( PARTITION BY <expression list> )? ( <order by clause> )? ( <window frame> )? <rparen>
The window specification for an analytical or windowed aggregate function.
Example:
OVER (PARTION BY col1)
12.6.120. window frame ::=
- ( RANGE | ROWS ) ( ( BETWEEN <window frame bound> AND <window frame bound> ) | <window frame bound> )
Defines the mode, start, and optionally end of the window frame
Example:
RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
12.6.121. window frame bound ::=
Defines the start or end of a window frame
Example:
CURRENT ROW
12.6.122. case expression ::=
- CASE <expression> ( WHEN <expression> THEN <expression> )+ ( ELSE <expression> )? END
If/then/else chain using a common search predicand.
Example:
CASE col1 WHEN 'a' THEN 1 ELSE 2
12.6.123. searched case expression ::=
- CASE ( WHEN <condition> THEN <expression> )+ ( ELSE <expression> )? END
If/then/else chain using multiple search conditions.
Example:
CASE WHEN x = 'a' THEN 1 WHEN y = 'b' THEN 2
12.6.124. function ::=
- ( CONVERT <lparen> <expression> <comma> <data type> <rparen> )
- ( CAST <lparen> <expression> AS <data type> <rparen> )
- ( SUBSTRING <lparen> <expression> ( ( FROM <expression> ( FOR <expression> )? ) | ( <comma> <expression list> ) ) <rparen> )
- ( EXTRACT <lparen> ( YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE | SECOND | QUARTER | EPOCH ) FROM <expression> <rparen> )
- ( TRIM <lparen> ( ( ( ( LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH ) ( <expression> )? ) | <expression> ) FROM )? <expression> <rparen> )
- ( ( TO_CHARS | TO_BYTES ) <lparen> <expression> <comma> <string> ( <comma> <expression> )? <rparen> )
- ( ( TIMESTAMPADD | TIMESTAMPDIFF ) <lparen> <time interval> <comma> <expression> <comma> <expression> <rparen> )
- <querystring function>
- ( ( LEFT | RIGHT | CHAR | USER | YEAR | MONTH | HOUR | MINUTE | SECOND | XMLCONCAT | XMLCOMMENT | XMLTEXT ) <lparen> ( <expression list> )? <rparen> )
- ( ( TRANSLATE | INSERT ) <lparen> ( <expression list> )? <rparen> )
- <xml parse>
- <xml element>
- ( XMLPI <lparen> ( ( NAME )? <identifier> ) ( <comma> <expression> )? <rparen> )
- <xml forest>
- <json object>
- <xml serialize>
- <xml query>
- ( POSITION <lparen> <common value expression> IN <common value expression> <rparen> )
- ( LISTAGG <lparen> <expression> ( <comma> <string> )? <rparen> WITHIN GROUP <lparen> <order by clause> <rparen> )
- ( <identifier> <lparen> ( ALL | DISTINCT )? ( <expression list> )? ( <order by clause> )? <rparen> ( <filter clause> )? )
- ( CURRENT_DATE ( <lparen> <rparen> )? )
- ( ( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_TIME ) ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
Calls a scalar function.
Example:
func('1', col1)
12.6.125. xml parse ::=
- XMLPARSE <lparen> ( DOCUMENT | CONTENT ) <expression> ( WELLFORMED )? <rparen>
Parses the given value as XML.
Example:
XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT doc WELLFORMED)
12.6.126. querystring function ::=
- QUERYSTRING <lparen> <expression> ( <comma> <derived column> )* <rparen>
Produces a URL query string from the given arguments.
Example:
QUERYSTRING('path', col1 AS opt, col2 AS val)
12.6.127. xml element ::=
- XMLELEMENT <lparen> ( ( NAME )? <identifier> ) ( <comma> <xml namespaces> )? ( <comma> <xml attributes> )? ( <comma> <expression> )* <rparen>
Creates an XML element.
Example:
XMLELEMENT(NAME "root", child)
12.6.128. xml attributes ::=
- XMLATTRIBUTES <lparen> <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )* <rparen>
Creates attributes for the containing element.
Example:
XMLATTRIBUTES(col1 AS attr1, col2 AS attr2)
12.6.129. json object ::=
Produces a JSON object containing name value pairs.
Example:
JSONOBJECT(col1 AS val1, col2 AS val2)
12.6.130. derived column list ::=
- <derived column> ( <comma> <derived column> )*
a list of name value pairs
Example:
col1 AS val1, col2 AS val2
12.6.131. xml forest ::=
- XMLFOREST <lparen> ( <xml namespaces> <comma> )? <derived column list> <rparen>
Produces an element for each derived column.
Example:
XMLFOREST(col1 AS ELEM1, col2 AS ELEM2)
12.6.132. xml namespaces ::=
- XMLNAMESPACES <lparen> <xml namespace element> ( <comma> <xml namespace element> )* <rparen>
Defines XML namespace URI/prefix combinations
Example:
XMLNAMESPACES('http://foo' AS foo)
12.6.133. xml namespace element ::=
An xml namespace
Example:
NO DEFAULT
12.6.134. simple data type ::=
- ( STRING ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- ( VARCHAR ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- BOOLEAN
- BYTE
- TINYINT
- SHORT
- SMALLINT
- ( CHAR ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- INTEGER
- LONG
- BIGINT
- ( BIGINTEGER ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- FLOAT
- REAL
- DOUBLE
- ( BIGDECIMAL ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> ( <comma> <unsigned integer> )? <rparen> )? )
- ( DECIMAL ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> ( <comma> <unsigned integer> )? <rparen> )? )
- DATE
- TIME
- ( TIMESTAMP ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- ( OBJECT ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- ( BLOB ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- ( CLOB ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- JSON
- ( VARBINARY ( <lparen> <unsigned integer> <rparen> )? )
- GEOMETRY
- GEOGRAPHY
- XML
A non-collection data type.
Example:
STRING
12.6.135. basic data type ::=
- <simple data type> ( <lsbrace> <rsbrace> )*
A data type.
Example:
STRING[]
12.6.136. data type ::=
- <basic data type>
- ( ( <identifier> | <basicNonReserved> ) ( <lsbrace> <rsbrace> )* )
A data type.
Example:
STRING[]
12.6.137. time interval ::=
A time interval keyword.
Example:
SQL_TSI_HOUR
12.6.138. non numeric literal ::=
An escaped or simple non numeric literal.
Example:
'a'
12.6.139. unsigned numeric literal ::=
An unsigned numeric literal value.
Example:
1.234
12.6.140. ddl statement ::=
- <create table> ( <create table> | <create procedure> )?
- <option namespace>
- <alterStatement>
- <create trigger>
- <create a domain or type alias>
- <create server>
- <create role >
- <drop role >
- <GRANT>
- <Revoke GRANT>
- <CREATE POLICY>
- <DROP POLICY>
- <drop server>
- <drop table>
- <Import foreign schema>
- <Import another Database>
- <create database>
- <use database>
- <drop schema>
- <set schema>
- <create schema>
- <create procedure> ( <ddl statement> )?
- <create data wrapper>
- <Drop data wrapper>
- <drop procedure>
A data definition statement.
Example:
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE X (Y STRING)
12.6.141. option namespace ::=
- SET NAMESPACE <string> AS <identifier>
A namespace used to shorten the full name of an option key.
Example:
SET NAMESPACE 'http://foo' AS foo
12.6.142. create database ::=
- CREATE DATABASE <identifier> ( VERSION <string> )? ( <options clause> )?
create a new database
Example:
CREATE DATABASE foo OPTIONS(x 'y')
12.6.143. use database ::=
- USE DATABASE <identifier> ( VERSION <string> )?
database into working context
Example:
USE DATABASE foo
12.6.144. create schema ::=
- CREATE ( VIRTUAL | FOREIGN )? SCHEMA <identifier> ( SERVER <identifier list> )? ( <options clause> )?
create a schema in database
Example:
CREATE VIRTUAL SCHEMA foo SERVER (s1,s2,s3);
12.6.145. drop schema ::=
- DROP ( VIRTUAL | FOREIGN )? SCHEMA <identifier>
drop a schema in database
Example:
DROP SCHEMA foo
12.6.146. set schema ::=
set the schema for subsequent ddl statements
Example:
SET SCHEMA foo
12.6.147. create a domain or type alias ::=
- CREATE DOMAIN ( <identifier> | <basicNonReserved> ) ( AS )? <data type> ( NOT NULL )?
creates a named type with optional constraints
Example:
CREATE DOMAIN my_type AS INTEGER NOT NULL
12.6.148. create data wrapper ::=
- CREATE FOREIGN ( ( DATA WRAPPER ) | TRANSLATOR ) <Unqualified identifier> ( ( TYPE | HANDLER ) <identifier> )? ( <options clause> )?
Defines a translator; use the options to override the translator properties.
Example:
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER wrapper OPTIONS (x true)
12.6.149. Drop data wrapper ::=
- DROP FOREIGN ( ( DATA WRAPPER ) | TRANSLATOR ) <identifier>
Deletes a translator
Example:
DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER wrapper
12.6.150. create role ::=
- CREATE ROLE <Unqualified identifier> ( WITH <with role> )?
Defines data role for the database
Example:
CREATE ROLE lowly WITH FOREIGN ROLE "role"
12.6.151. with role ::=
- ( ANY AUTHENTICATED )
- ( ( JAAS | FOREIGN ) ROLE <identifier list> )
12.6.152. drop role ::=
Removes data role for the database
Example:
DROP ROLE <data-role>
12.6.153. CREATE POLICY ::=
CREATE row level policy
Example:
CREATE POLICY pname ON tbl FOR SELECT,INSERT TO role USING col = user();
12.6.154. DROP POLICY ::=
- DROP POLICY <identifier> ON ( <identifier> | ( PROCEDURE <identifier> ) ) TO <identifier>
DROP row level policy
Example:
----DROP POLICY pname ON tbl TO role ----
12.6.155. GRANT ::=
- GRANT ( ( ( <grant type> ( <comma> <grant type> )* )? ON ( TABLE <identifier> ( CONDITION ( ( NOT )? CONSTRAINT )? <string> )? | FUNCTION <identifier> | PROCEDURE <identifier> ( CONDITION ( ( NOT )? CONSTRAINT )? <string> )? | SCHEMA <identifier> | COLUMN <identifier> ( MASK ( ORDER <unsigned integer> )? <string> )? ) ) | ( ALL PRIVILEGES ) | ( TEMPORARY TABLE ) | ( USAGE ON LANGUAGE <identifier> ) ) TO <identifier>
Defines GRANT for a role
Example:
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE x.y TO role
12.6.156. Revoke GRANT ::=
- REVOKE ( ( ( <grant type> ( <comma> <grant type> )* )? ON ( TABLE <identifier> ( CONDITION )? | FUNCTION <identifier> | PROCEDURE <identifier> ( CONDITION )? | SCHEMA <identifier> | COLUMN <identifier> ( MASK )? ) ) | ( ALL PRIVILEGES ) | ( TEMPORARY TABLE ) | ( USAGE ON LANGUAGE <identifier> ) ) FROM <identifier>
Revokes GRANT for a role
Example:
REVOKE SELECT ON TABLE x.y TO role
12.6.157. create server ::=
- CREATE SERVER <Unqualified identifier> ( TYPE <string> )? ( VERSION <string> )? FOREIGN ( ( DATA WRAPPER ) | TRANSLATOR ) <Unqualified identifier> ( <options clause> )?
Defines a connection to a source
Example:
CREATE SERVER "h2-connector" FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER h2 OPTIONS ("resource-name" 'java:/accounts-ds');
12.6.158. drop server ::=
Defines dropping connection to foreign source
Example:
DROP SERVER server_name
12.6.159. create procedure ::=
- CREATE ( VIRTUAL | FOREIGN )? ( PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ) <Unqualified identifier> ( <lparen> ( <procedure parameter> ( <comma> <procedure parameter> )* )? <rparen> ( RETURNS ( <options clause> )? ( ( ( TABLE )? <lparen> <procedure result column> ( <comma> <procedure result column> )* <rparen> ) | <data type> ) )? ( <options clause> )? ( AS <statement> )? )
Defines a procedure or function invocation.
Example:
CREATE FOREIGN PROCEDURE proc (param STRING) RETURNS STRING
12.6.160. drop procedure ::=
Drops a table or view.
Example:
DROP FOREIGN TABLE table-name
12.6.161. procedure parameter ::=
- ( IN | OUT | INOUT | VARIADIC )? <identifier> <data type> ( NOT NULL )? ( RESULT )? ( DEFAULT <expression> )? ( <options clause> )?
A procedure or function parameter
Example:
OUT x INTEGER
12.6.162. procedure result column ::=
- <identifier> <data type> ( NOT NULL )? ( <options clause> )?
A procedure result column.
Example:
x INTEGER
12.6.163. create table ::=
Defines a table or view.
Example:
CREATE VIEW vw AS SELECT 1
12.6.164. create foreign or global temporary table ::=
- ( ( FOREIGN TABLE ) | ( GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE ) ) <Unqualified identifier> <create table body>
Defines a foreign or global temporary table.
Example:
FOREIGN TABLE ft (col integer)
12.6.165. create view ::=
- ( VIRTUAL )? VIEW <Unqualified identifier> ( <create view body> | ( <options clause> )? ) AS <query expression>
Defines a view.
Example:
VIEW vw AS SELECT 1
12.6.166. drop table ::=
Drops a table or view.
Example:
DROP VIEW name
12.6.167. create foreign temp table ::=
Defines a foreign temp table
Example:
CREATE FOREIGN TEMPORARY TABLE t (x string) ON z
12.6.168. create table body ::=
- <lparen> <table element> ( <comma> ( <table constraint> | <table element> ) )* <rparen> ( <options clause> )?
Defines a table.
Example:
(x string) OPTIONS (CARDINALITY 100)
12.6.169. create view body ::=
- <lparen> <view element> ( <comma> ( <table constraint> | <view element> ) )* <rparen> ( <options clause> )?
Defines a view.
Example:
(x) OPTIONS (CARDINALITY 100)
12.6.170. table constraint ::=
- ( CONSTRAINT <identifier> )? ( <primary key> | <other constraints> | <foreign key> ) ( <options clause> )?
Defines a constraint on a table or view.
Example:
FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES tbl (x, y)
12.6.171. foreign key ::=
- FOREIGN KEY <column list> REFERENCES <identifier> ( <column list> )?
Defines the foreign key referential constraint.
Example:
FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES tbl (x, y)
12.6.172. primary key ::=
Defines the primary key.
Example:
PRIMARY KEY (a, b)
12.6.173. other constraints ::=
- ( ( UNIQUE | ACCESSPATTERN ) <column list> )
- ( INDEX <lparen> <expression list> <rparen> )
Defines ACCESSPATTERN and UNIQUE constraints and INDEXes.
Example:
UNIQUE (a)
12.6.174. column list ::=
- <lparen> <identifier> ( <comma> <identifier> )* <rparen>
A list of column names.
Example:
(a, b)
12.6.175. table element ::=
- <identifier> ( SERIAL | ( <data type> ( NOT NULL )? ( AUTO_INCREMENT )? ) ) <post create column>
Defines a table column.
Example:
x INTEGER NOT NULL
12.6.176. view element ::=
- <identifier> ( SERIAL | ( <data type> ( NOT NULL )? ( AUTO_INCREMENT )? ) )? <post create column>
Defines a view column with optional type.
Example:
x INTEGER NOT NULL
12.6.177. post create column ::=
- ( <inline constraint> )? ( DEFAULT <expression> )? ( <options clause> )?
Common options trailing a column
Example:
PRIMARY KEY
12.6.178. inline constraint ::=
Defines a constraint on a single column
Example:
x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
12.6.179. options clause ::=
- OPTIONS <lparen> <option pair> ( <comma> <option pair> )* <rparen>
A list of statement options.
Example:
OPTIONS ('x' 'y', 'a' 'b')
12.6.180. option pair ::=
- <identifier> ( <non numeric literal> | ( <plus or minus> )? <unsigned numeric literal> )
An option key/value pair.
Example:
'key' 'value'
12.6.181. alter option pair ::=
- <identifier> ( <non numeric literal> | ( <plus or minus> )? <unsigned numeric literal> )
Alter An option key/value pair.
Example:
'key' 'value'
12.6.182. alterStatement ::=
- ALTER ( <ALTER TABLE > | <ALTER PROCEDURE > | <ALTER TRIGGER > | <ALTER SERVER > | <ALTER DATA WRAPPER > | <ALTER DATABASE > )
12.6.183. ALTER TABLE ::=
- ( ( ( VIRTUAL )? VIEW <identifier> ) | ( ( FOREIGN )? TABLE <identifier> ) ) ( ( AS <query expression> ) | <ADD column> | <ADD constraint> | <alter options list> | <DROP column> | ( ALTER COLUMN <alter column options> ) | ( RENAME ( <RENAME Table> | ( COLUMN <rename column options> ) ) ) )
alters options of database
Example:
ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN x xml
12.6.184. RENAME Table ::=
- TO <identifier>
alters table name
Example:
ALTER TABLE foo RENAME TO BAR;
12.6.185. ADD constraint ::=
alters table and adds a constraint
Example:
ADD PRIMARY KEY (ID)
12.6.186. ADD column ::=
alters table and adds a column
Example:
ADD COLUMN bar type OPTIONS (ADD updatable true)
12.6.187. DROP column ::=
alters table and adds a column
Example:
DROP COLUMN bar
12.6.188. alter column options ::=
- <identifier> ( ( TYPE ( SERIAL | ( <data type> ( NOT NULL )? ( AUTO_INCREMENT )? ) ) ) | <alter child options list> )
alters a set of column options
Example:
ALTER COLUMN bar OPTIONS (ADD updatable true)
12.6.189. rename column options ::=
- <identifier> TO <identifier>
renames either a table column or procedure’s parameter name
Example:
RENAME COLUMN bar TO foo
12.6.190. ALTER PROCEDURE ::=
- ( VIRTUAL | FOREIGN )? PROCEDURE <identifier> ( ( AS <statement> ) | <alter options list> | ( ALTER PARAMETER <alter column options> ) | ( RENAME PARAMETER <rename column options> ) )
alters options of database
Example:
ALTER PROCEDURE foo OPTIONS (ADD x y)
12.6.191. ALTER TRIGGER ::=
alters options of table triggers
Example:
ALTER TRIGGER ON vw INSTEAD OF INSERT ENABLED
12.6.192. ALTER SERVER ::=
alters options of database
Example:
ALTER SERVER foo OPTIONS (ADD x y)
12.6.193. ALTER DATA WRAPPER ::=
- ( ( DATA WRAPPER ) | TRANSLATOR ) <identifier> <alter options list>
alters options of data wrapper
Example:
ALTER DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD x y)
12.6.194. ALTER DATABASE ::=
alters options of database
Example:
ALTER DATABASE foo OPTIONS (ADD x y)
12.6.195. alter options list ::=
- OPTIONS <lparen> ( <add set option> | <drop option> ) ( <comma> ( <add set option> | <drop option> ) )* <rparen>
a list of alterations to options
Example:
OPTIONS (ADD updatable true)
12.6.196. drop option ::=
drop option
Example:
DROP updatable
12.6.197. add set option ::=
- ( ADD | SET ) <alter option pair>
add or set an option pair
Example:
ADD updatable true
12.6.198. alter child options list ::=
- OPTIONS <lparen> ( <add set child option> | <drop option> ) ( <comma> ( <add set child option> | <drop option> ) )* <rparen>
a list of alterations to options
Example:
OPTIONS (ADD updatable true)
12.6.199. drop option ::=
drop option
Example:
DROP updatable
12.6.200. add set child option ::=
- ( ADD | SET ) <alter child option pair>
add or set an option pair
Example:
ADD updatable true
12.6.201. alter child option pair ::=
- <identifier> ( <non numeric literal> | ( <plus or minus> )? <unsigned numeric literal> )
Alter An option key/value pair.
Example:
'key' 'value'
12.6.202. Import foreign schema ::=
- IMPORT ( FOREIGN SCHEMA <identifier> )? FROM ( SERVER | REPOSITORY ) <identifier> INTO <identifier> ( <options clause> )?
imports schema metadata from server
Example:
IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA foo FROM SERVER bar
12.6.203. Import another Database ::=
imports another database into current database
Example:
IMPORT DATABASE vdb VERSION '1.2.3' WITH ACCESS CONTROL]
12.6.204. identifier list ::=
- <identifier> ( <comma> <identifier> )*
12.6.205. grant type ::=