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Chapter 3. Object Storage and Containers

OpenStack Object Storage (openstack-swift) stores its objects (data) in containers, which are similar to directories in a file system although they cannot be nested. Containers provide an easy way for users to store any kind of unstructured data; for example, objects might include photos, text files, or images. Stored objects are neither encrypted nor compressed.

3.1. Object Storage Service Administration
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The following procedures explain how to further customize the Object Storage service to suit your needs.

3.1.1. Set Object Storage as a Back End for the Image Service
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The OpenStack Image service, by default, saves images and instance snapshots to the local filesystem in /var/lib/glance/images/. Alternatively, you can configure the Image service to save images and snapshots to the Object Storage service (when available).

To do so, perform the following procedure:

  1. Log into the node running the Image service (the controller node also running Identity) as root and source your OpenStack credentials (this is typically a file named openrc). 

    # source ~/openrc
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  2. Verify that the Image service is part of the tenant service with role admin. 

    # keystone user-role-list --user glance --tenant service
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    One of the roles returned should be admin.

  3. Open the /etc/glance/glance.conf file and comment out the following lines: 

    ##### DEFAULT OPTIONS #####
#default_store = file
#filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
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  4. In the same file, add the following lines to the DEFAULT OPTIONS section. 

    default_store = swift
swift_store_auth_address = http://KEYSTONEIP:35357/v2.0/
swift_store_user = service:glance
swift_store_key = ADMINPW
swift_store_create_container_on_put = True
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    Where:

    • KEYSTONEIP is the IP address of the Identity service, and
    • ADMINPW is the value of admin password attribute in the /etc/glance/glance-api.conf file.

  5. Apply the changes by restarting the Image service: 

    # systemctl restart openstack-glance-api
# systemctl restart openstack-glance-registry
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From this point onwards, images uploaded to the Image service (whether through the Dashboard or glance) should now be saved to an Object Storage container named glance. This container exists in the service account.

To verify whether newly-created images are saved to the Image service, run: 

# ls /var/lib/glance/images
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Once the Dashboard or the glance image-list reports the image is active, you can verify whether it is in Object Storage by running the following command: 

# swift --os-auth-url http://KEYSTONEIP:5000/v2.0 --os-tenant-name service --os-username glance --os-password ADMINPW list glance
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3.2. Basic Container Management
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To help with organization, pseudo-folders are logical devices that can contain objects (and can be nested). For example, you might create an Images folder in which to store pictures and a Media folder in which to store videos.

You can create one or more containers in each project, and one or more objects or pseudo-folders in each container.

3.2.1. Create a Container
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  1. In the dashboard, select Project > Object Store > Containers.
  2. Click Create Container.

  3. Specify the Container Name, and select one of the following in the Container Access field.

    Expand
    TypeDescription

    Private

    Limits access to a user in the current project.

    Public

    Permits API access to anyone with the public URL. However, in the dashboard, project users cannot see public containers and data from other projects.

  4. Click Create Container.

3.2.2. Create Pseudo Folder for Container
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  1. In the dashboard, select Project > Object Store > Containers.
  2. Click the name of the container to which you want to add the pseudo-folder.
  3. Click Create Pseudo-folder.
  4. Specify the name in the Pseudo-folder Name field, and click Create.

3.2.3. Delete a Container
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  1. In the dashboard, select Project > Object Store > Containers.
  2. Browse for the container in the Containers section, and ensure all objects have been deleted (see Section 3.2.6, “Delete an Object”).
  3. Select Delete Container in the container’s arrow menu.
  4. Click Delete Container to confirm the container’s removal.

3.2.4. Upload an Object
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If you do not upload an actual file, the object is still created (as placeholder) and can later be used to upload the file.

  1. In the dashboard, select Project > Object Store > Containers.
  2. Click the name of the container in which the uploaded object will be placed; if a pseudo-folder already exists in the container, you can click its name.
  3. Browse for your file, and click Upload Object.

  4. Specify a name in the Object Name field:

    • Pseudo-folders can be specified in the name using a / character (for example, Images/myImage.jpg). If the specified folder does not already exist, it is created when the object is uploaded.
    • A name that is not unique to the location (that is, the object already exists) overwrites the object’s contents.
  5. Click Upload Object.

3.2.5. Copy an Object
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  1. In the dashboard, select Project > Object Store > Containers.
  2. Click the name of the object’s container or folder (to display the object).
  3. Click Upload Object.
  4. Browse for the file to be copied, and select Copy in its arrow menu.

  5. Specify the following:

    Expand
    FieldDescription

    Destination container

    Target container for the new object.

    Path

    Pseudo-folder in the destination container; if the folder does not already exist, it is created.

    Destination object name

    New object’s name. If you use a name that is not unique to the location (that is, the object already exists), it overwrites the object’s previous contents.

  6. Click Copy Object.

3.2.6. Delete an Object
링크 복사

  1. In the dashboard, select Project > Object Store > Containers.
  2. Browse for the object, and select Delete Object in its arrow menu.
  3. Click Delete Object to confirm the object’s removal.
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