Chapter 9. Cloning subsystems

Ideally, the keys for the master instance are backed up when the instance is first created. If the keys were not backed up then or if the backup file is lost, then it is possible to extract the keys from the internal software database for the subsystem instance using the PKCS12Export utility. For example:

PKCS12Export -debug -d /var/lib/pki/ instance_name/alias -w p12pwd.txt -p internal.txt -o master.p12

PKCS12Export -debug -d /var/lib/pki/ instance_name/alias -w p12pwd.txt -p internal.txt -o master.p12

Then copy the PKCS #12 file to the clone machine to be used in the clone instance configuration. For more details, see Section 2.7.6, “Cloning and key stores”.

After configuring the clone, test to make sure that the master-clone relationship is functioning:

As covered in Section 2.7.9, “Custom configuration and clones”, configuration information is not updated in clone instances if it is made after the clone is created. Likewise, changes made to a clone are not copied back to the master instance.

If a new KRA is installed or cloned after a clone CA is created, then the clone CA does not have the new KRA connector information in its configuration. This means that the clone CA is not able to send any archival requests to the KRA.

Whenever a new KRA is created or cloned, copy its connector information into all of the cloned CAs in the deployment. To do this, use the pki ca-kraconnector-add command.

If it is required to do this manually, follow these steps:

Only one single active CA generating CRLs can exist within the same topology. Similarly, only one OCSP receiving CRLs can exist within the same topology. As such, there can be any number of clones, but there can only be a single configured master for CA and OCSP.

For KRAs and TKSs, there is no configuration difference between masters and clones, but CAs and OCSPs do have some configuration differences. This means that when a master is taken offline -because of a failure or for maintenance or to change the function of the subsystem in the PKI -then the existing master must be reconfigured to be a clone, and one of the clones promoted to be the master.

When a certificate expires, it has to be replaced. This can either be done by renewing the certificate, which re-uses the original keypair to generate a new certificate, or it can be done by generating a new keypair and certificate. The second method is called re-keying.

When a CA is re-keyed, new keypairs are stored in its certificate database, and these are the keys references for normal operations. However, for cloning a subsystem, the cloning process checks for the CA private key IDs as stored in its CS.cfg configuration file - and those key IDs are not updated when the certificate database keys change.

If a CA has been re-keyed and then an administrator attempts to clone it, the cloned CA fails to generate any certificates for the certificates which were re-keyed, and it shows up in the error logs with this error:

CertUtil::createSelfSignedCert() - CA private key is null!

CertUtil::createSelfSignedCert() - CA private key is null!

To clone a CA that has been re-keyed:

import java.math.BigInteger;

public class Test
{

  public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
      int len = s.length();
      byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
          data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
                               + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
      }
      return data;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
      byte[] bytes = hexStringToByteArray(args[0]);
      BigInteger big = new BigInteger (bytes);
      System.out.println("Result is  ==> " + big.toString(16));
  }
}

import java.math.BigInteger;

public class Test
{

  public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
      int len = s.length();
      byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
          data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
                               + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
      }
      return data;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
      byte[] bytes = hexStringToByteArray(args[0]);
      BigInteger big = new BigInteger (bytes);
      System.out.println("Result is  ==> " + big.toString(16));
  }
}

javac Test.java

# javac Test.java