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Chapter 9. Getting started with XFS
This is an overview of how to create and maintain XFS file systems.
9.1. The XFS file system
XFS is a highly scalable, high-performance, robust, and mature 64-bit journaling file system that supports very large files and file systems on a single host. It is the default file system in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. XFS was originally developed in the early 1990s by SGI and has a long history of running on extremely large servers and storage arrays.
The features of XFS include:
- Reliability
- Metadata journaling, which ensures file system integrity after a system crash by keeping a record of file system operations that can be replayed when the system is restarted and the file system remounted
- Extensive run-time metadata consistency checking
- Scalable and fast repair utilities
- Quota journaling. This avoids the need for lengthy quota consistency checks after a crash.
- Scalability and performance
- Supported file system size up to 1024 TiB
- Ability to support a large number of concurrent operations
- B-tree indexing for scalability of free space management
- Sophisticated metadata read-ahead algorithms
- Optimizations for streaming video workloads
- Allocation schemes
- Extent-based allocation
- Stripe-aware allocation policies
- Delayed allocation
- Space pre-allocation
- Dynamically allocated inodes
- Other features
- Reflink-based file copies
- Tightly integrated backup and restore utilities
- Online defragmentation
- Online file system growing
- Comprehensive diagnostics capabilities
-
Extended attributes (
xattr). This allows the system to associate several additional name/value pairs per file. - Project or directory quotas. This allows quota restrictions over a directory tree.
- Subsecond timestamps
Performance characteristics
XFS has a high performance on large systems with enterprise workloads. A large system is one with a relatively high number of CPUs, multiple HBAs, and connections to external disk arrays. XFS also performs well on smaller systems that have a multi-threaded, parallel I/O workload.
XFS has a relatively low performance for single threaded, metadata-intensive workloads: for example, a workload that creates or deletes large numbers of small files in a single thread.
9.2. Comparison of tools used with ext4 and XFS
This section compares which tools to use to accomplish common tasks on the ext4 and XFS file systems.
| Task | ext4 | XFS |
|---|---|---|
| Create a file system |
|
|
| File system check |
|
|
| Resize a file system |
|
|
| Save an image of a file system |
|
|
| Label or tune a file system |
|
|
| Back up a file system |
|
|
| Quota management |
|
|
| File mapping |
|
|
If you want a complete client-server solution for backups over network, you can use bacula backup utility that is available in RHEL 9. For more information about Bacula, see Bacula backup solution.
