第 1 章 设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​映​​​​​​​射​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​


多​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​映​​​​​​​射​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​(DM-Multipath)允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​服​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​阵​​​​​​​列​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​含​​​​​​​独​​​​​​​立​​​​​​​电​​​​​​​缆​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​交​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​机​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​物​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​合​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​合​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

1.1. DM-Multipath 总​​​​​​​览​​​​​​​

可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ DM-Multipath 提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​:
  • 冗​​​​​​​余​​​​​​​
    DM-Multipath 可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​/被​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​错​​​​​​​冗​​​​​​​余​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​/被​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,只​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​半​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​ I/O 时​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​元​​​​​​​素​​​​​​​(电​​​​​​​缆​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​交​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​机​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​)出​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​,就​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ DM-Multipath 切​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​
    DM-Multipath 可​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​/主​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​,其​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ I/O 以​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​布​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,DM-Multipath 可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​检​​​​​​​测​​​​​​​负​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​态​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​负​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​再​​​​​​​平​​​​​​​衡​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
图 1.1 “Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device” shows an active/passive configuration with two I/O paths from the server to a RAID device. There are 2 HBAs on the server, 2 SAN switches, and 2 RAID controllers.
Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device

图 1.1. Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​过​​​​​​​ hba1、​​​​​​​SAN1 以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​ 1。​​​​​​​第​​​​​​​二​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​过​​​​​​​ hba2、​​​​​​​SAN2 以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​ 2。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​很​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​导​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​:
  • HBA 故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​
  • FC 电​​​​​​​缆​​​​​​​故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​
  • SAN 交​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​机​​​​​​​故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​
  • 阵​​​​​​​列​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​端​​​​​​​口​​​​​​​故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​
如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ DM-Multipath,在​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​故​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​ DM-Multipath 切​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ I/O 路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
图 1.2 “Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with Two RAID Devices” shows a more complex active/passive configuration with 2 HBAs on the server, 2 SAN switches, and 2 RAID devices with 2 RAID controllers each.
Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with Two RAID Devices

图 1.2. Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with Two RAID Devices

In the example shown in 图 1.2 “Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with Two RAID Devices”, there are two I/O paths to each RAID device (just as there are in the example shown in 图 1.1 “Active/Passive Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device”). With DM-Multipath configured, a failure at any of the points of the I/O path to either of the RAID devices will cause DM-Multipath to switch to the alternate I/O path for that device.
图 1.3 “Active/Active Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device” shows an active/active configuration with 2 HBAs on the server, 1 SAN switch, and 2 RAID controllers. There are four I/O paths from the server to a storage device:
  • hba1 到​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​ 1
  • hba1 到​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​ 2
  • hba2 到​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​ 1
  • hba2 到​​​​​​​控​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​ 2
在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ I/O 分​​​​​​​布​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​四​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Active/Active Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device

图 1.3. Active/Active Multipath Configuration with One RAID Device

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