红帽全球峰会配置和管理虚拟化
设置您的主机、创建和管理虚拟机并了解 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 中的虚拟化功能
摘要
- 虚拟化的功能和用例
- 如何使用命令行工具以及 web 控制台管理您的主机和虚拟机
- 在各种系统构架上虚拟化的支持限制，如 Intel 64、AMD64、IBM POWER 和 IBM Z
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第 1 章 介绍 RHEL 中的虚拟化
如果您对虚拟化概念或其在 Linux 中的实施不熟悉，以下小节提供了 RHEL 8 虚拟化的一般概述：红帽提供的基本知识、优势、组件和其他可能的虚拟化解决方案。
1.1. 什么是虚拟化？
RHEL 8 提供虚拟化功能，它让运行 RHEL 8 的机器能够托管（host） 多个虚拟机（VM），也称为客户机（guest）。VM 使用主机的物理硬件和计算资源，在主机操作系统中作为用户空间进程运行一个独立的虚拟操作系统（客户机操作系统）。
换句话说，虚拟化功能使在一个操作系统中执行其他操作系统成为可能。
VM 可让您安全地测试软件配置和功能，运行旧的软件或优化硬件的工作负载效率。有关优点的更多信息，请参阅 虚拟化的优势。
有关什么是虚拟化的更多信息，请参阅 虚拟化主题页面。
后续步骤
- 要在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 中尝试虚拟化，请参阅 开始使用虚拟化。
- 除了 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 虚拟化外，红帽还提供了多种专用的虚拟化解决方案，每种解决方案都有不同的用户重点和特性。如需更多信息，请参阅 Red Hat Virtualization 解决方案。
1.2. 虚拟化的优点
与使用物理机器相比，使用虚拟机（VM）有以下优点：
灵活精细的资源分配
一个虚拟机在主机机器（通常是物理机器）上运行，主机的硬件也可以分配给客户机操作系统使用。但是，物理资源分配是在软件级别上完成的，因此非常灵活。虚拟机使用的主机内存、CPU 或存储空间的比例是可以配置的，可以指定非常精细的资源请求。
例如：客户机操作系统的磁盘可以在主机的文件系统中以一个文件代表，且该磁盘的大小限制比物理磁盘的限制要小。
软件控制的配置
虚拟机的整个配置都作为数据保存在主机上，并由软件控制。因此，虚拟机可轻松创建、删除、克隆、迁移、远程操作或连接到远程存储。
与主机分离
在虚拟内核中运行的客户机操作系统与主机操作系统分开。这意味着可在虚拟机中安装任何操作系统，即使虚拟机操作系统不稳定或受损，主机也不会受到任何影响。
空间及成本效率
单个物理机器可以托管大量虚拟机。因此，无需多个物理机器执行同样的任务，因此降低了与物理硬件关联的空间、电源和维护的要求。
软件兼容性
因为虚拟机可以使用不同于其主机的操作系统，所以通过虚拟化，可以运行最初没有为主机操作系统发布的应用程序。例如，使用 RHEL 7 客户机操作系统，您可以在 RHEL 8 主机系统上运行为 RHEL 7 发布的应用程序。
注意不是所有操作系统都可以作为 RHEL 8 主机中的客户机操作系统被支持。详情请查看 RHEL 8 虚拟化中推荐的功能。
1.3. 虚拟机组件及其交互
RHEL 8 中的虚拟化由以下主要软件组件组成：
虚拟机监控程序（Hypervisor）
在 RHEL 8 中创建虚拟机（VM）的基础是（hypervisor（虚拟机监控程序） ），它是一个软件层用来控制硬件并在主机中运行多个操作系统。
虚拟机监控程序包括 基于内核的虚拟机(KVM) 模块和虚拟化内核驱动程序。这些组件可确保主机中的 Linux 内核为用户空间软件提供虚拟化资源。
在用户空间级别，QEMU 模拟器会模拟一个客户机操作系统可以在上面运行的完整虚拟硬件平台，并管理如何在主机中分配资源并提供给客户机。
此外，libvirt 软件套件充当管理和通信层，使 与 QEMU 更容易交互、实施安全规则，并提供用于配置和运行 VM 的许多其他工具。
XML 配置
基于主机的 XML 配置文件（也称域 XML 文件）决定了特定虚拟机中的所有设置和设备。配置包括：
- 元数据，如虚拟机名称、时区和其他有关虚拟机的信息。
- 对虚拟机中的设备的描述，包括虚拟 CPU（vCPUS）、存储设备、输入/输出设备、网络接口卡及其他真实和虚拟硬件。
- 虚拟机设置，如它可以使用的最大内存量、重启设置和其他有关虚拟机行为的设置。
有关 XML 配置内容的更多信息，请参阅 虚拟机 XML 配置示例。
组件交互
当虚拟机启动时，虚拟机监控程序使用 XML 配置在主机上以用户空间进程的形式创建虚拟机实例。hypervisor 还使虚拟机进程能被基于主机的接口访问，如 virsh、virt-install 和 guestfish 工具，或者 Web 控制台 GUI。
当使用这些虚拟化工具时，libvirt 会将它们的输入转换成 QEMU 的指令。QEMU 将指令信息发送到 KVM，这样可确保内核正确分配执行该指令所需的资源。因此，QEMU 可以执行相应的用户空间更改，如创建或修改虚拟机或在虚拟机的客户机操作系统中执行操作。
尽管 QEMU 是构架中的基本组件，但出于安全考虑，它并没有被设计为直接在 RHEL 8 系统中使用。因此，红帽不支持 qemu-* 命令，强烈建议您使用 libvirt 与 QEMU 进行交互。
有关基于主机的接口的更多信息，请参阅 虚拟化管理的工具和接口。
图 1.1. RHEL 8 虚拟化架构
1.4. 用于虚拟化管理的工具和界面
您可以使用命令行(CLI)或几个图形用户界面(GUI)在 RHEL 8 中管理虚拟化。
命令行界面
CLI 是在 RHEL 8 中管理虚拟化的最强大的方法。虚拟机（VM）管理的 CLI 命令包括：
virsh - 一个多用途的虚拟化命令行工具程序和 shell，根据提供的参数，可以实现不同功能。例如：
-
启动和关闭虚拟机 -
virsh start和virsh shutdown -
列出可用的虚拟机 -
virsh list -
从配置文件创建虚拟机 -
virsh create -
进入虚拟化 shell -
virsh
如需更多信息，请参阅您系统上的
virsh (1)手册页。-
启动和关闭虚拟机 -
-
virt-install- 用于创建新虚拟机的 CLI 工具。如需更多信息，请参阅您系统上的virt-install (1)手册页。 -
virt-xml- 用于编辑虚拟机配置的工具。 -
guestfish- 用于检查和修改虚拟机磁盘镜像的工具。如需更多信息，请参阅您系统上的guestfish (1)手册页。
图形界面
您可以使用以下 GUI 在 RHEL 8 中管理虚拟化：
RHEL 8 web 控制台 （也称为 Cockpit ）提供了一个远程的、易于使用的图形用户界面管理虚拟机和虚拟化主机。
有关使用 web 控制台进行基本虚拟化管理的步骤，请参阅 web 控制台中管理虚拟机。
虚拟机管理器（virt-manager）应用程序提供管理虚拟机和虚拟化主机的专用 GUI。
重要虽然 RHEL 8 中仍在支持，但 virt-manager 已被弃用。在以后的版本中计划使用 Web 控制台替换它。因此，建议您熟悉通过 web 控制台使用 GUI 管理虚拟化。
但是，在 RHEL 8 中，某些功能只能从 virt-manager 或命令行访问。详情请参阅 虚拟机管理器和 web 控制台中虚拟化功能之间的区别。
Gnome Boxes 应用程序是一个轻量级图形界面，可用来查看和访问虚拟机和远程系统。GNOME Boxes 主要用于桌面系统。
重要GNOME Boxes 作为 GNOME 桌面环境的一部分提供，在 RHEL 8 中被支持，但红帽建议您通过 web 控制台使用 GUI 管理虚拟化。
1.5. 红帽虚拟化解决方案
以下红帽产品是在 RHEL 8 虚拟化功能之上构建的，并扩展了 RHEL 8 中提供的 KVM 虚拟化功能。另外，许多 RHEL 8 虚拟化的限制 不适用于这些产品：
- OpenShift Virtualization
OpenShift Virtualization 基于 KubeVirt 技术，作为 Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 的一部分，并可在容器中运行虚拟机。
有关 OpenShift Virtualization 的更多信息，请参阅红帽混合云页面。
- Red Hat OpenStack Platform（RHOSP）
Red Hat OpenStack Platform 为创建、部署并扩展一个安全可靠的公共或私有 OpenStack 云环境提供了一个集成的基础。
如需有关 Red Hat OpenStack Platform 的更多信息，请参阅红帽客户门户网站或 Red Hat OpenStack Platform 文档套件。
有关 RHEL 中不支持，但在其他 Red Hat 虚拟化解决方案中支持的虚拟化功能，请参阅：RHEL 8 虚拟化中不支持的功能
第 2 章 虚拟化入门
要开始使用RHEL 8 中的虚拟化，请按照以下步骤操作。默认方法是使用命令行(CLI)，但为了方便用户，一些步骤可以在 web 控制台 GUI 中完成。
- 启用虚拟化模块，并安装虚拟化软件包 - 请参阅 启用虚拟化。
创建虚拟机：
- 对于 CLI，请参阅 使用命令行创建虚拟机。
- 对于 GUI，请参阅使用 web 控制台创建虚拟机并安装客户机操作系统。
启动虚拟机：
- 对于 CLI ，请参阅 使用命令行启动虚拟机。
- 对于 GUI，请参阅使用 web 控制台启动虚拟机。
连接到虚拟机：
- 对于 CLI ，请参阅使用 SSH 连接到虚拟机，或使用 Virt Viewer 打开虚拟机图形控制台。
- 对于 GUI，请参阅使用 web 控制台与虚拟机交互。
Web 控制台目前仅提供一部分虚拟机管理功能，因此对于 RHEL 8 中虚拟化的高级使用，建议使用命令行。
2.1. 启用虚拟化
要在 RHEL 8 中使用虚拟化，您必须启用虚拟化模块，安装虚拟化软件包，并确保您的系统被配置为可托管虚拟机(VM)。
先决条件
- RHEL 8 已安装并在主机上注册。
您的系统满足以下硬件要求以作为虚拟主机工作：
有以下最小系统资源可用：
- 主机有 6 GB 可用磁盘空间，以及每个预期的虚拟机需要额外 6 GB 空间。
- 主机需要 2 GB RAM，以及每个预期的虚拟机需要额外 2 GB。
- 主机上有 4 个 CPU。虚拟机通常可以使用单个分配的 vCPU 运行，但红帽建议为每个虚拟机分配 2 个或更多 vCPU，以避免虚拟机在高负载期间变得无响应。
主机的构架 支持 KVM 虚拟化。
- 值得注意的是，RHEL 8 不支持 64 位 ARM 架构(ARM 64)上的虚拟化。
以下流程适用于 AMD64 和 Intel 64 架构(x86_64)。要在具有不同的受支持构架的主机上启用虚拟化，请参阅以下部分之一：
流程
在 RHEL 8 虚拟化模块中安装软件包：
yum module install virt
# yum module install virtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 安装
virt-install和virt-viewer软件包：yum install virt-install virt-viewer
# yum install virt-install virt-viewerCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 启动
libvirtd服务：systemctl start libvirtd
# systemctl start libvirtdCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
验证
确认您的系统已准备好成为虚拟化主机：
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 查看
virt-host-validate检查的返回值，并采取适当的措施：-
如果所有
virt-host-validate检查都返回PASS值，则代表您的系统已准备好 创建虚拟机。 -
如果有任何检查返回
FAIL值，请按照显示的说明来修复问题。 -
如果任何检查都返回
WARN值，请考虑按照显示的说明改进虚拟化功能
-
如果所有
故障排除
如果您的主机 CPU 不支持 KVM 虚拟化，
virt-host-validate会生成以下输出：QEMU: Checking for hardware virtualization: FAIL (Only emulated CPUs are available, performance will be significantly limited)
QEMU: Checking for hardware virtualization: FAIL (Only emulated CPUs are available, performance will be significantly limited)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 但是，在这样的主机系统上的虚拟机将无法引导，而不存在性能问题。
要临时解决这个问题，您可以将虚拟机的 XML 配置中的
<domain type>的值改为qemu。但请注意，红帽不支持使用qemu域类型的虚拟机，在生产环境中不建议这样做。
2.2. 创建虚拟机
要在 RHEL 8 中创建虚拟机(VM)，使用命令行 或 RHEL 8 web 控制台。
2.2.1. 使用命令行创建虚拟机
要使用命令行在 RHEL 8 上创建虚拟机(VM)，请使用 virt-install 工具。
先决条件
- 虚拟化已在您的主机系统上 启用。
- 您有足够的系统资源来分配给虚拟机，如磁盘空间、RAM 或 CPU。根据虚拟机的预期任务和工作负载，推荐的值可能会有很大不同。
操作系统（OS）安装源可存在于本地或者网络中。可以是以下之一：
- 安装介质的 ISO 镜像
现有虚拟机安装的磁盘镜像
警告在 RHEL 8 中无法从主机 CD-ROM 或者 DVD-ROM 设备安装。当使用 RHEL 8 中的任何虚拟机安装方法时，如果选择了 CD-ROM 或者 DVD-ROM 作为安装源，则安装将失败。如需更多信息，请参阅红帽知识库解决方案 RHEL 7 或更高版本无法从 CD/DVD-ROM 安装客户机操作系统。
另请注意，红帽只对 一组有限的客户机操作系统 提供支持。
- 可选：对于快速、简单的配置安装，可以使用 Kickstart 文件。
流程
要创建虚拟机并启动其操作系统安装，请使用 virt-install 命令以及以下强制参数：
-
--name: 新机器的名称 -
--memory：分配的内存量 -
--vCPUs ：分配的虚拟 CPU 数量 -
--disk：分配的存储的类型和大小 -
--cdrom或--location：操作系统安装源的类型和位置
根据所选安装方法，所需选项和值可能会有所不同。请参阅以下命令的示例：
列出的命令使用 VNC 远程显示协议而不是默认的 SPICE 协议。VNC 目前没有 SPICE 的功能，但在 RHEL 9 中被完全支持。因此，如果您将主机迁移到 RHEL 9，则使用 VNC 的虚拟机将无法停止工作。如需更多信息，请参阅使用 RHEL 9 的注意事项。
以下命令创建一个名为 demo-guest1 的虚拟机，它从本地存储在 /home/username/Downloads/Win10install.iso 文件中的 ISO 镜像安装 Windows 10 OS。此虚拟机还可分配 2048 MiB RAM 和 2 个 vCPU，为虚拟机自动配置 80 GiB qcow2 虚拟磁盘。
virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest1 --memory 2048 \ --vcpus 2 --disk size=80 --os-variant win10 \ --cdrom /home/username/Downloads/Win10install.iso# virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest1 --memory 2048 \ --vcpus 2 --disk size=80 --os-variant win10 \ --cdrom /home/username/Downloads/Win10install.isoCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 以下命令创建一个名为 demo-guest2 的虚拟机，它使用 /home/username/Downloads/rhel8.iso 镜像从 live CD 运行 RHEL 8 操作系统。没有为这个虚拟机分配磁盘空间，因此在此会话中所做的更改不会被保留。另外，虚拟机被分配 4096 MiB RAM 和 4 个 vCPU。
virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest2 --memory 4096 --vcpus 4 \ --disk none --livecd --os-variant rhel8.0 \ --cdrom /home/username/Downloads/rhel8.iso# virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest2 --memory 4096 --vcpus 4 \ --disk none --livecd --os-variant rhel8.0 \ --cdrom /home/username/Downloads/rhel8.isoCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 以下命令创建一个名为 demo-guest3 的 RHEL 8 虚拟机，它连接到现有磁盘镜像 /home/username/backup/disk.qcow2。这和在不同的机器间物理地移动硬盘驱动器类似，因此 demo-guest3 可用的操作系统和数据由之前处理镜像的方式决定。另外，这个虚拟机还会分配 2048 MiB RAM 和 2 个 vCPU。
virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest3 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 \ --os-variant rhel8.0 --import \ --disk /home/username/backup/disk.qcow2# virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest3 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 \ --os-variant rhel8.0 --import \ --disk /home/username/backup/disk.qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 请注意，在导入磁盘镜像时，强烈建议使用
--os-variant选项。如果没有提供，创建虚拟机的性能将会受到负面影响。以下命令创建一个名为 demo-guest4 的虚拟机，它从
http://example.com/OS-installURL 安装。要使安装成功启动，URL 必须包含可正常工作的操作系统安装树。另外，操作系统使用 /home/username/ks.cfg kickstart 文件自动进行配置。此虚拟机还可分配 2048 MiB RAM、2 个 vCPU 和 160 GiB qcow2 虚拟磁盘。virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest4 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk size=160 \ --os-variant rhel8.0 --location http://example.com/OS-install \ --initrd-inject /home/username/ks.cfg --extra-args="inst.ks=file:/ks.cfg console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"# virt-install \ --graphics vnc \ --name demo-guest4 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk size=160 \ --os-variant rhel8.0 --location http://example.com/OS-install \ --initrd-inject /home/username/ks.cfg --extra-args="inst.ks=file:/ks.cfg console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 以下命令创建一个名为 demo-guest5 的虚拟机，它使用文本模式从
RHEL8.iso镜像文件进行安装，而无需图形。它将客户端控制台连接到串行控制台。虚拟机有 16384 MiB 内存、16 个 vCPU 和 280 GiB 磁盘。当通过慢速网络连接连接到主机时这种安装很有用。virt-install \ --name demo-guest5 --memory 16384 --vcpus 16 --disk size=280 \ --os-variant rhel8.0 --location RHEL8.iso \ --graphics none --extra-args='console=ttyS0'# virt-install \ --name demo-guest5 --memory 16384 --vcpus 16 --disk size=280 \ --os-variant rhel8.0 --location RHEL8.iso \ --graphics none --extra-args='console=ttyS0'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 以下命令创建一个名为 demo-guest6 的虚拟机，其与 demo-guest5 有相同的配置，但位于 192.0.2.1 远程主机上。
virt-install \ --connect qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system --name demo-guest6 --memory 16384 \ --vcpus 16 --disk size=280 --os-variant rhel8.0 --location RHEL8.iso \ --graphics none --extra-args='console=ttyS0'# virt-install \ --connect qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system --name demo-guest6 --memory 16384 \ --vcpus 16 --disk size=280 --os-variant rhel8.0 --location RHEL8.iso \ --graphics none --extra-args='console=ttyS0'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
验证
- 如果成功创建虚拟机，则使用虚拟机的图形控制台打开 virt-viewer 窗口并启动客户端操作系统安装。
故障排除
如果
virt-install失败，且出现cannot find default network错误：确定
libvirt-daemon-config-network软件包已安装：{PackageManagerCommand} info libvirt-daemon-config-network# {PackageManagerCommand} info libvirt-daemon-config-network Installed Packages Name : libvirt-daemon-config-network [...]Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 验证
libvirt默认网络是否处于活动状态，并且已配置为自动启动：virsh net-list --all
# virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent -------------------------------------------- default active yes yesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 如果没有，激活默认网络并将其设置为 auto-start：
virsh net-autostart default virsh net-start default
# virsh net-autostart default Network default marked as autostarted # virsh net-start default Network default startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 如果激活默认网络失败并显示以下错误，则代表还没有正确安装
libvirt-daemon-config-network软件包。error: failed to get network 'default' error: Network not found: no network with matching name 'default'
error: failed to get network 'default' error: Network not found: no network with matching name 'default'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 要解决这个问题，请重新安装
libvirt-daemon-config-network：{PackageManagerCommand} reinstall libvirt-daemon-config-network# {PackageManagerCommand} reinstall libvirt-daemon-config-networkCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 如果激活默认网络失败并显示类似如下的错误，则默认网络子网和主机上现有接口之间出现了冲突。
error: Failed to start network default error: internal error: Network is already in use by interface ens2
error: Failed to start network default error: internal error: Network is already in use by interface ens2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 要解决这个问题，请使用
virsh net-edit default命令，并将配置中的192.0.2.*值改为主机上未被使用的子网。
2.2.2. 使用 web 控制台创建虚拟机并安装客户机操作系统
要在 RHEL 8 主机上的 GUI 中管理虚拟机(VM)，请使用 web 控制台。以下小节介绍了如何使用 RHEL 8 web 控制台创建虚拟机，并在其上安装客户机操作系统。
使用 Web 控制台创建的虚拟机当前默认使用 SPICE 远程桌面协议。但是，RHEL 9 不支持 SPICE，因此如果您将主机升级到 RHEL 9，虚拟机将停止工作。如需更多信息，请参阅使用 RHEL 9 的注意事项。
要创建使用 VNC 协议的虚拟机，该协议将在 RHEL 9 上正常工作，请使用 命令行。
2.2.2.1. 使用 web 控制台创建虚拟机
要在 RHEL 8 web 控制台连接的主机机器上创建一个虚拟机(VM)，请使用以下说明。
先决条件
- 您已安装了 RHEL 8 web 控制台。
- 您已启用了 cockpit 服务。
您的用户帐户被允许登录到 web 控制台。
具体步骤请参阅安装并启用 Web 控制台。
- 虚拟化已在您的主机系统上启用。
- Web 控制台 VM 插件已安装在主机系统上。
- 您有足够的系统资源来分配给虚拟机，如磁盘空间、RAM 或 CPU。根据虚拟机的预期任务和工作负载，推荐的值可能会有很大不同。
流程
在 web 控制台的 Virtual Machines 界面中，点 。
此时会出现 Create new virtual machine 对话框。
输入您要创建的虚拟机的基本配置。
- Name - 虚拟机的名称。
- Connection - 授予会话的权限级别。如需了解更多详细信息，请在 web 控制台中展开相关的对话框。
- Installation type - 安装可以使用本地安装介质、URL、PXE 网络引导、云基础镜像，或者从有限的操作系统集中下载操作系统。
Operating system - 在虚拟机上运行的客户机操作系统。请注意，红帽只对一组有限的客户机操作系统提供支持。
注意要从 web 控制台直接下载并安装 Red Hat Enterprise Linux，您必须在 Offline token 字段中添加一个离线令牌。
- Storage - 存储的类型。
- Storage Limit - 存储空间量。
- Memory - 内存量。
创建虚拟机：
- 如果您希望虚拟机自动安装操作系统，请点 。
- 如果要在安装操作系统前编辑虚拟机，点。
2.2.2.2. 使用 web 控制台，通过导入磁盘镜像来创建虚拟机
您可以通过在 RHEL 8 web 控制台中导入现有虚拟机安装的磁盘镜像来创建一个虚拟机(VM)。
先决条件
- 您已安装了 RHEL 8 web 控制台。
- 您已启用了 cockpit 服务。
您的用户帐户被允许登录到 web 控制台。
具体步骤请参阅安装并启用 Web 控制台。
- Web 控制台 VM 插件已安装在您的系统上。
- 您有足够的系统资源来分配给虚拟机，如磁盘空间、RAM 或 CPU。根据虚拟机的预期任务和工作负载，推荐的值可能会有很大不同。
- 您已下载了现有虚拟机安装的磁盘镜像。
流程
在 web 控制台的 Virtual Machines 界面中，单击 。
此时会出现 Import a virtual machine 对话框。
输入您要创建的虚拟机的基本配置：
- Name - 虚拟机的名称。
- Disk image - 主机系统上虚拟机现有磁盘映像的路径。
- Operating system - 在 VM 磁盘上运行的操作系统。请注意，红帽只对一组有限的客户机操作系统提供支持。
- Memory - 分配给虚拟机使用的内存量。
导入虚拟机：
- 要在虚拟机上安装操作系统，而无需对虚拟机设置进行额外的编辑，请点 。
- 要在安装操作系统前编辑虚拟机设置，请点 。
2.2.2.3. 使用 Web 控制台安装客户机操作系统
当虚拟机(VM)第一次引导时，您必须在虚拟机上安装操作系统。
如果您在创建新虚拟机时点了 或 ，则操作系统的安装例程会在创建虚拟机时自动启动。
先决条件
- 您已安装了 RHEL 8 web 控制台。
- 您已启用了 cockpit 服务。
您的用户帐户被允许登录到 web 控制台。
具体步骤请参阅安装并启用 Web 控制台。
- Web 控制台 VM 插件已安装在主机系统上。
流程
登录到 RHEL 8 web 控制台。
详情请参阅 登录到 web 控制台。
在 Virtual Machines 界面中，单击要在其上安装客户机操作系统的虚拟机。
此时将打开一个新页面，其中包含有关所选虚拟机的基本信息，以及管理虚拟机各方面的控制。
可选：更改固件。
注意只有在创建新虚拟机时选择了 或 ，且还没有在虚拟机上安装操作系统，您才能更改固件。
- 点击固件。
- 在 Change Firmware 窗口中，选择所需的固件。
- 点击 。
点 。
在 VM 控制台中运行的操作系统的安装过程。
故障排除
- 如果安装例程失败，请在再次开始安装前删除并重新创建虚拟机。
2.2.3. 使用 web 控制台，使用云镜像身份验证创建虚拟机
默认情况下，发行版云镜像没有登录帐户。但是，通过使用 RHEL web 控制台，您现在可以创建虚拟机(VM)，并指定 root 和用户帐户登录凭证，然后传给 cloud-init。
先决条件
- 您已安装了 RHEL 8 web 控制台。
- 您已启用了 cockpit 服务。
您的用户帐户被允许登录到 web 控制台。
具体步骤请参阅安装并启用 Web 控制台。
- Web 控制台 VM 插件 已安装在您的系统上。
- 虚拟化已在您的主机系统上 启用。
2.3.
2.3.1.
virsh start demo-guest1
# virsh start demo-guest1 Domain 'demo-guest1' startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system start demo-guest1
# virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system start demo-guest1 root@192.0.2.1's password: Domain 'demo-guest1' startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
virsh autostart demo-guest1
# virsh autostart demo-guest1 Domain 'demo-guest1' marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 注意
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/libvirtd.service.d/
# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/libvirtd.service.d/Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow touch /etc/systemd/system/libvirtd.service.d/10-network-online.conf
# touch /etc/systemd/system/libvirtd.service.d/10-network-online.confCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow [Unit] After=network-online.target
[Unit] After=network-online.targetCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cat /etc/systemd/system/libvirtd.service.d/10-network-online.conf [Unit] After=network-online.target
$ cat /etc/systemd/system/libvirtd.service.d/10-network-online.conf [Unit] After=network-online.targetCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.1.1.
2.4.1.2.
2.4.1.3.
2.4.1.4.
- 注意
2.4.2.
virt-viewer guest-name
# virt-viewer guest-nameCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-viewer --direct --connect qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system guest-name
# virt-viewer --direct --connect qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system guest-name root@192.0.2.1's password:Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.4.3.
yum install libvirt-nss
# yum install libvirt-nssCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
ssh root@192.0.2.1
# ssh root@192.0.2.1 root@192.0.2.1's password: Last login: Mon Sep 24 12:05:36 2021 root~#Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ssh root@testguest1
# ssh root@testguest1 root@testguest1's password: Last login: Wed Sep 12 12:05:36 2018 root~]#Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 2 testguest1 running - testguest2 shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.4.4.
sudo grep GRUB_TERMINAL /etc/default/grub
$ sudo grep GRUB_TERMINAL /etc/default/grub GRUB_TERMINAL=serialCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh dumpxml vm-name | grep console
# virsh dumpxml vm-name | grep console <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/2'> </console>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 注意
cat /proc/cmdline BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-948.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8 rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb
# cat /proc/cmdline BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-948.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8 rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgbCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="console=ttyS0"
# grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="console=ttyS0"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow grub2-editenv - unset kernelopts
# grub2-editenv - unset kerneloptsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
systemctl status serial-getty@ttyS0.service
# systemctl status serial-getty@ttyS0.service ○ serial-getty@ttyS0.service - Serial Getty on ttyS0 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.4.5.
vi ~/.ssh/config
# vi ~/.ssh/config Host example-host-alias User root Hostname 192.0.2.1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow vi /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf
# vi /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf uri_aliases = [ "example-qemu-host-alias=qemu+ssh://example-host-alias/system", ]Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
These can be used in cases when no URI is supplied by the application (@uri_default also prevents probing of the hypervisor driver).
# These can be used in cases when no URI is supplied by the application # (@uri_default also prevents probing of the hypervisor driver). # uri_default = "example-qemu-host-alias"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.4.6.
virsh dumpxml <vm-name> | grep graphics
# virsh dumpxml <vm-name> | grep graphics <graphics type='vnc' ports='-1' autoport=yes listen=127.0.0.1> </graphics>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh edit <vm-name>
# virsh edit <vm-name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <graphics type='vnc' ports='-1' autoport=yes listen=127.0.0.1 passwd='<password>'>
<graphics type='vnc' ports='-1' autoport=yes listen=127.0.0.1 passwd='<password>'>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <graphics type='vnc' ports='-1' autoport=yes listen=127.0.0.1 passwd='<password>' passwdValidTo='2025-02-01T15:30:00'>
<graphics type='vnc' ports='-1' autoport=yes listen=127.0.0.1 passwd='<password>' passwdValidTo='2025-02-01T15:30:00'>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh start <vm-name>
# virsh start <vm-name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-viewer <vm-name>
# virt-viewer <vm-name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.5.
2.5.1.
- 注意
virsh shutdown demo-guest1
# virsh shutdown demo-guest1 Domain 'demo-guest1' is being shutdownCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system shutdown demo-guest1
# virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system shutdown demo-guest1 root@192.0.2.1's password: Domain 'demo-guest1' is being shutdownCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh destroy demo-guest1
# virsh destroy demo-guest1
Domain 'demo-guest1' destroyed
virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State ------------------------------------------ 1 demo-guest1 shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.5.2.
2.5.2.1.
2.5.2.2.
2.5.2.3.
2.6.
2.6.1.
virsh undefine guest1 --remove-all-storage --nvram
# virsh undefine guest1 --remove-all-storage --nvram Domain 'guest1' has been undefined Volume 'vda'(/home/images/guest1.qcow2) removed.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
2.6.2.
第 3 章
3.1.
grep ^platform /proc/cpuinfo/
# grep ^platform /proc/cpuinfo/ platform : PowerNVCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
modprobe kvm_hv
# modprobe kvm_hvCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lsmod | grep kvm
# lsmod | grep kvmCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum module install virt
# yum module install virtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum install virt-install
# yum install virt-installCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl start libvirtd
# systemctl start libvirtdCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
QEMU: Checking for hardware virtualization: FAIL (Only emulated CPUs are available, performance will be significantly limited)
QEMU: Checking for hardware virtualization: FAIL (Only emulated CPUs are available, performance will be significantly limited)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
3.2.
qemu-kvm: Failed to allocate KVM HPT of order 33 (try smaller maxmem?): Cannot allocate memory
qemu-kvm: Failed to allocate KVM HPT of order 33 (try smaller maxmem?): Cannot allocate memoryCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 4 章
4.1.
- 重要
grep sie /proc/cpuinfo
# grep sie /proc/cpuinfo features : esan3 zarch stfle msa ldisp eimm dfp edat etf3eh highgprs te sieCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
modprobe kvm
# modprobe kvmCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lsmod | grep kvm
# lsmod | grep kvmCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum module install virt:rhel/common
# yum module install virt:rhel/commonCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow for drv in qemu network nodedev nwfilter secret storage interface; do systemctl start virt${drv}d{,-ro,-admin}.socket; done# for drv in qemu network nodedev nwfilter secret storage interface; do systemctl start virt${drv}d{,-ro,-admin}.socket; doneCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
QEMU: Checking for hardware virtualization: FAIL (Only emulated CPUs are available, performance will be significantly limited)
QEMU: Checking for hardware virtualization: FAIL (Only emulated CPUs are available, performance will be significantly limited)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
4.2.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
yum disable virt:av
# yum disable virt:avCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum module reset virt -y
# yum module reset virt -yCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum update
# yum updateCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
4.3.
- 注意
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <devices> <watchdog model='diag288' action='poweroff'/> </devices>
<devices> <watchdog model='diag288' action='poweroff'/> </devices>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
4.4.
<cpu mode='host-model' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'/> </cpu>
<cpu mode='host-model' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'/> </cpu>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'>zEC12</model> <feature policy='force' name='ppa15'/> <feature policy='force' name='bpb'/> </cpu><cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'>zEC12</model> <feature policy='force' name='ppa15'/> <feature policy='force' name='bpb'/> </cpu>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 5 章
5.1.
touch qemuga.xml
# touch qemuga.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <channel type='unix'> <source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/f16x86_64.agent'/> <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/> </channel>
<channel type='unix'> <source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/f16x86_64.agent'/> <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/> </channel>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh attach-device <vm-name> qemuga.xml --live --config
# virsh attach-device <vm-name> qemuga.xml --live --configCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh attach-device <vm-name> qemuga.xml --config
# virsh attach-device <vm-name> qemuga.xml --configCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
yum install qemu-guest-agent
# yum install qemu-guest-agentCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl start qemu-guest-agent
# systemctl start qemu-guest-agentCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
5.2.
5.3.
- 重要
setsebool virt_qemu_ga_read_nonsecurity_files on
# setsebool virt_qemu_ga_read_nonsecurity_files onCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 重要
setsebool virt_qemu_ga_manage_ssh on
# setsebool virt_qemu_ga_manage_ssh onCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 6 章
6.1.
6.2.
yum install cockpit-machines
# yum install cockpit-machinesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
6.3.
6.4.
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6.5.
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第 7 章
7.1.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh domfsinfo testguest3
# virsh domfsinfo testguest3 Mountpoint Name Type Target ------------------------------------ / dm-0 xfs /boot vda1 xfsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh net-list --all
# virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent --------------------------------------------- default active yes yes labnet active yes yesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
7.2.
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
7.2.3.
7.2.4.
7.2.5.
7.2.6.
- 注意
- 注意
7.3.
virsh dumpxml testguest1
# virsh dumpxml testguest1
<domain type='kvm'> <name>Testguest1</name> <uuid>ec6fbaa1-3eb4-49da-bf61-bb02fbec4967</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory> |
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<os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-4.1'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> |
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<clock offset='utc'> <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/> <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/> <timer name='hpet' present='no'/> </clock> |
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> |
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<interface type='network'> <mac address='52:54:00:65:29:21'/> <source network='default'/> <model type='rtl8139'/> </interface> |
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<input type='tablet' bus='usb'> <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/> </input> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/> |
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第 8 章
8.1.
8.2.
virsh managedsave demo-guest1
# virsh managedsave demo-guest1 Domain 'demo-guest1' saved by libvirtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh list --managed-save --all
# virsh list --managed-save --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- - demo-guest1 saved - demo-guest2 shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh list --with-managed-save --all
# virsh list --with-managed-save --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- - demo-guest1 shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
8.3.
virsh start demo-guest1
# virsh start demo-guest1 Domain 'demo-guest1' startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system start demo-guest1
# virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system start demo-guest1 root@192.0.2.1's password: Domain 'demo-guest1' startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
8.4.
第 9 章
9.1.
9.2.
9.2.1.
yum install libguestfs-tools-c
# yum install libguestfs-tools-cCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ls -la /var/lib/libvirt/images
# ls -la /var/lib/libvirt/images -rw-------. 1 root root 9665380352 Jul 23 14:50 a-really-important-vm.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 root root 8591507456 Jul 26 2017 an-actual-vm-that-i-use.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 root root 8591507456 Jul 26 2017 totally-not-a-fake-vm.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 root root 10739318784 Sep 20 17:57 another-vm-example.qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
whoami
# whoami rootCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/a-really-important-vm.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/a-really-important-vm-original.qcow2
# cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/a-really-important-vm.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/a-really-important-vm-original.qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
9.2.2.
ls -la /var/lib/libvirt/images
# ls -la /var/lib/libvirt/images -rw-------. 1 root root 9665380352 Jul 23 14:50 a-really-important-vm.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 root root 8591507456 Jul 26 2017 an-actual-vm-that-i-use.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 root root 8591507456 Jul 26 2017 totally-not-a-fake-vm.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 root root 10739318784 Sep 20 17:57 another-vm-example.qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rulesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意- 注意
DEVICE=eth[x] BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes #NETWORK=192.0.2.0 <- REMOVE #NETMASK=255.255.255.0 <- REMOVE #IPADDR=192.0.2.1 <- REMOVE #HWADDR=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx <- REMOVE #USERCTL=no <- REMOVE # Remove any other *unique or non-desired settings, such as UUID.*
DEVICE=eth[x] BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes #NETWORK=192.0.2.0 <- REMOVE #NETMASK=255.255.255.0 <- REMOVE #IPADDR=192.0.2.1 <- REMOVE #HWADDR=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx <- REMOVE #USERCTL=no <- REMOVE # Remove any other *unique or non-desired settings, such as UUID.*Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow DEVICE=eth[x] BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes
DEVICE=eth[x] BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
- 注意
rm /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid
# rm /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemidCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow subscription-manager unsubscribe --all # subscription-manager unregister # subscription-manager clean
# subscription-manager unsubscribe --all # subscription-manager unregister # subscription-manager cleanCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow subscription-manager clean
# subscription-manager cleanCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意subscription-manager register --consumerid=71rd64fx-6216-4409-bf3a-e4b7c7bd8ac9
# subscription-manager register --consumerid=71rd64fx-6216-4409-bf3a-e4b7c7bd8ac9Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
rm -rf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_example
# rm -rf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_exampleCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow rm /etc/lvm/devices/system.devices
# rm /etc/lvm/devices/system.devicesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
rm ~/.config/gnome-initial-setup-done
# rm ~/.config/gnome-initial-setup-doneCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
9.3.
virt-clone --original example-VM-1 --auto-clone
# virt-clone --original example-VM-1 --auto-clone Allocating 'example-VM-1-clone.qcow2' | 50.0 GB 00:05:37 Clone 'example-VM-1-clone' created successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-clone --original example-VM-2 --name example-VM-3 --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk-1-example-VM-2.qcow2 --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk-2-example-VM-2.qcow2
# virt-clone --original example-VM-2 --name example-VM-3 --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk-1-example-VM-2.qcow2 --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk-2-example-VM-2.qcow2 Allocating 'disk-1-example-VM-2-clone.qcow2' | 78.0 GB 00:05:37 Allocating 'disk-2-example-VM-2-clone.qcow2' | 80.0 GB 00:05:37 Clone 'example-VM-3' created successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State --------------------------------------- - example-VM-1 shut off - example-VM-1-clone shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh start example-VM-1-clone
# virsh start example-VM-1-clone Domain 'example-VM-1-clone' startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
9.4.
第 10 章
10.1.
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10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
virsh domdirtyrate-calc <example_VM> 30
# virsh domdirtyrate-calc <example_VM> 30Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
systemctl enable --now libvirtd.service
# systemctl enable --now libvirtd.serviceCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh migrate --offline --persistent <example_VM> qemu+ssh://example-destination/system
# virsh migrate --offline --persistent <example_VM> qemu+ssh://example-destination/systemCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh migrate --live --persistent <example_VM> qemu+ssh://example-destination/system
# virsh migrate --live --persistent <example_VM> qemu+ssh://example-destination/systemCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh migrate --live --persistent --parallel --parallel-connections 4 <example_VM> qemu+ssh://<example-destination>/system
# virsh migrate --live --persistent --parallel --parallel-connections 4 <example_VM> qemu+ssh://<example-destination>/systemCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh migrate-setmaxdowntime <example_VM> <time_interval_in_milliseconds>
# virsh migrate-setmaxdowntime <example_VM> <time_interval_in_milliseconds>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh migrate --live --persistent --postcopy --timeout <time_interval_in_seconds> --timeout-postcopy <example_VM> qemu+ssh://<example-destination>/system
# virsh migrate --live --persistent --postcopy --timeout <time_interval_in_seconds> --timeout-postcopy <example_VM> qemu+ssh://<example-destination>/systemCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh migrate --live --persistent --auto-converge <example_VM> qemu+ssh://<example-destination>/system
# virsh migrate --live --persistent --auto-converge <example_VM> qemu+ssh://<example-destination>/systemCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------- 10 example-VM-1 shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------- 10 example-VM-1 runningCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------- 10 example-VM-1 shut offCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh list --all
# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------- 10 example-VM-1 runningCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
10.5.
virsh domdirtyrate-calc vm-name 30
# virsh domdirtyrate-calc vm-name 30Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
10.6.
setsebool virt_use_nfs 1
# setsebool virt_use_nfs 1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
ssh root@example-shared-storage
# ssh root@example-shared-storage root@example-shared-storage's password: Last login: Mon Sep 24 12:05:36 2019 root~#Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow mkdir /var/lib/libvirt/shared-images
# mkdir /var/lib/libvirt/shared-imagesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow scp /var/lib/libvirt/images/example-disk-1.qcow2 root@example-shared-storage:/var/lib/libvirt/shared-images/example-disk-1.qcow2
# scp /var/lib/libvirt/images/example-disk-1.qcow2 root@example-shared-storage:/var/lib/libvirt/shared-images/example-disk-1.qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow /var/lib/libvirt/shared-images example-source-machine(rw,no_root_squash) example-destination-machine(rw,no\_root_squash)
# /var/lib/libvirt/shared-images example-source-machine(rw,no_root_squash) example-destination-machine(rw,no\_root_squash)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow exportfs -a
# exportfs -aCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow mount example-shared-storage:/var/lib/libvirt/shared-images /var/lib/libvirt/images
# mount example-shared-storage:/var/lib/libvirt/shared-images /var/lib/libvirt/imagesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
10.7.
virsh domcapabilities | xmllint --xpath "//cpu/mode[@name='host-model']" - > domCaps-CPUs.xml
# virsh domcapabilities | xmllint --xpath "//cpu/mode[@name='host-model']" - > domCaps-CPUs.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh edit <vm_name>
# virsh edit <vm_name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh shutdown <vm_name> virsh start <vm_name>
# virsh shutdown <vm_name> # virsh start <vm_name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
10.8.
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第 11 章
11.1.
11.2.
11.3.
11.3.1.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virt-xml testguest --add-device --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/newdisk.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=20
# virt-xml testguest --add-device --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/newdisk.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=20 Domain 'testguest' defined successfully. Changes will take effect after the domain is fully powered off.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml testguest2 --add-device --update --hostdev 002.004
# virt-xml testguest2 --add-device --update --hostdev 002.004 Device hotplug successful. Domain 'testguest2' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.3.2.
virt-xml testguest --edit --cpu host-model,clearxml=yes
# virt-xml testguest --edit --cpu host-model,clearxml=yes Domain 'testguest' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh define testguest.xml
# virsh define testguest.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.3.3.
virt-xml testguest --remove-device --disk target=vdb
# virt-xml testguest --remove-device --disk target=vdb Domain 'testguest' defined successfully. Changes will take effect after the domain is fully powered off.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml testguest2 --remove-device --update --hostdev type=usb
# virt-xml testguest2 --remove-device --update --hostdev type=usb Device hotunplug successful. Domain 'testguest2' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh define testguest.xml
# virsh define testguest.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.4.
11.4.1.
11.4.2.
- 注意
virsh edit example-VM-1
# virsh edit example-VM-1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh dumpxml example-VM-1 > example-VM-1.xml
# virsh dumpxml example-VM-1 > example-VM-1.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.4.3.
virsh edit <example-VM-1>
# virsh edit <example-VM-1>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh define testguest1.xml
# virsh define testguest1.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.5.
11.5.1.
lsusb
# lsusb [...] Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2567:0a2b Intel Corp. Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0407:6252 Kingston River 2.0 [...]Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml example-VM-1 --add-device --hostdev 001.005
# virt-xml example-VM-1 --add-device --hostdev 001.005 Domain 'example-VM-1' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.5.2.
lsusb
# lsusb [...] Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2567:0a2b Intel Corp. Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0407:6252 Kingston River 2.0 [...]Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml example-VM-1 --remove-device --hostdev 001.005
# virt-xml example-VM-1 --remove-device --hostdev 001.005 Domain 'example-VM-1' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.5.3.
virt-xml testguest --add-device --smartcard mode=passthrough,type=spicevmc
# virt-xml testguest --add-device --smartcard mode=passthrough,type=spicevmc Domain 'testguest' defined successfully. Changes will take effect after the domain is fully powered off.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
virsh dumpxml testguest
# virsh dumpxml testguestCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <smartcard mode='passthrough' type='spicevmc'/>
<smartcard mode='passthrough' type='spicevmc'/>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.6.
11.6.1.
virt-xml example-VM-name --add-device --disk /home/username/Downloads/example-ISO-name.iso,device=cdrom
# virt-xml example-VM-name --add-device --disk /home/username/Downloads/example-ISO-name.iso,device=cdrom Domain 'example-VM-name' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.6.2.
virt-xml vmname --add-device --disk target.dev=sda,device=cdrom
# virt-xml vmname --add-device --disk target.dev=sda,device=cdromCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.6.3.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml example-VM-name --edit target=sda --disk /dev/cdrom/example-ISO-name-2.iso
# virt-xml example-VM-name --edit target=sda --disk /dev/cdrom/example-ISO-name-2.iso Domain 'example-VM-name' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.6.4.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml example-VM-name --edit target=sda --disk path=
# virt-xml example-VM-name --edit target=sda --disk path= Domain 'example-VM-name' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.6.5.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml example-VM-name --remove-device --disk target=sda
# virt-xml example-VM-name --remove-device --disk target=sda Domain 'example-VM-name' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.6.6.
11.7.
11.7.1.
lsmod | grep vfio
# lsmod | grep vfioCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh edit vm-name
# virsh edit vm-nameCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh shutdown vm-name
# virsh shutdown vm-nameCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
lspci -nkD | grep 0000:02:00.0
# lspci -nkD | grep 0000:02:00.0 0000:02:00.0 8086:9a09 (rev 01)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.7.2.
- 注意
virsh edit example-VM-1
# virsh edit example-VM-1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh dumpxml example-VM-1 > example-VM-1.xml
# virsh dumpxml example-VM-1 > example-VM-1.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.7.3.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt detach-device <VM-name> --hostdev 0000:65:00.0 --config
# virt detach-device <VM-name> --hostdev 0000:65:00.0 --config Domain 'VM-name' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh nodedev-reattach pci_0000_65_00_0
# virsh nodedev-reattach pci_0000_65_00_0 Device pci_0000_65_00_0 re-attachedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh dumpxml <VM-name>
# virsh dumpxml <VM-name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.7.4.
virsh edit <example-VM-1>
# virsh edit <example-VM-1>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh define testguest1.xml
# virsh define testguest1.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.8.
11.8.1.
图 11.1.
11.8.2.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow grubby --args="intel_iommu=on iommu=pt" --update-kernel=ALL
# grubby --args="intel_iommu=on iommu=pt" --update-kernel=ALLCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
grubby --args="iommu=pt" --update-kernel=ALL
# grubby --args="iommu=pt" --update-kernel=ALLCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
cat /sys/class/net/eth1/device/sriov_totalvfs 7
# cat /sys/class/net/eth1/device/sriov_totalvfs 7Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow echo VF-number > /sys/class/net/network-interface/device/sriov_numvfs
# echo VF-number > /sys/class/net/network-interface/device/sriov_numvfsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow echo 2 > /sys/class/net/eth1/device/sriov_numvfs
# echo 2 > /sys/class/net/eth1/device/sriov_numvfsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lspci | grep Ethernet
# lspci | grep Ethernet 82:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01) 82:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01) 82:10.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599 Ethernet Controller Virtual Function (rev 01) 82:10.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599 Ethernet Controller Virtual Function (rev 01)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", ENV{ID_NET_DRIVER}=="ixgbe", ATTR{device/sriov_numvfs}="2"ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", ENV{ID_NET_DRIVER}=="ixgbe", ATTR{device/sriov_numvfs}="2"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 警告virsh attach-interface testguest1 hostdev 0000:82:10.0 --managed --live --config
# virsh attach-interface testguest1 hostdev 0000:82:10.0 --managed --live --configCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.8.3.
11.9.
yum install driverctl
# yum install driverctlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lsmod | grep vfio
# lsmod | grep vfioCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
lscss -d 0.0.002c
# lscss -d 0.0.002c Device Subchan. DevType CU Type Use PIM PAM POM CHPIDs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.0.002c 0.0.29a8 3390/0c 3990/e9 yes f0 f0 ff 02111221 00000000Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cio_ignore -r 0.0.002c
# cio_ignore -r 0.0.002cCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cio_ignore=all,!condev,!0.0.002c
cio_ignore=all,!condev,!0.0.002cCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
driverctl -b css set-override 0.0.29a8 vfio_ccw
# driverctl -b css set-override 0.0.29a8 vfio_ccwCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' model='vfio-ccw'> <source> <address uuid="30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba12345a"/> </source> </hostdev><hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' model='vfio-ccw'> <source> <address uuid="30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba12345a"/> </source> </hostdev>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-autostart mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba12345a_0_0_29a8
# virsh nodedev-autostart mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba12345a_0_0_29a8Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lscss | grep 0.0.0009
# lscss | grep 0.0.0009 0.0.0009 0.0.0007 3390/0c 3990/e9 f0 f0 ff 12212231 00000000Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow chccwdev -e 0.0009
# chccwdev -e 0.0009 Setting device 0.0.0009 online DoneCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
11.10.
第 12 章
12.1.
12.1.1.
12.1.2.
virsh vol-info --pool guest_images firstimage
# virsh vol-info --pool guest_images firstimage
Name: firstimage
Type: block
Capacity: 20.00 GB
Allocation: 20.00 GB12.1.3.
12.1.4.
12.1.5.
12.2.
12.2.1.
virsh pool-list --all --details
# virsh pool-list --all --details Name State Autostart Persistent Capacity Allocation Available default running yes yes 48.97 GiB 23.93 GiB 25.03 GiB Downloads running yes yes 175.62 GiB 62.02 GiB 113.60 GiB RHEL-Storage-Pool running yes yes 214.62 GiB 93.02 GiB 168.60 GiBCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.2.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'dir' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'dir' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_dir dir --target "/guest_images"
# virsh pool-define-as guest_images_dir dir --target "/guest_images" Pool guest_images_dir definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_dir
# virsh pool-start guest_images_dir Pool guest_images_dir startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_dir
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_dir Pool guest_images_dir marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.3.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'disk' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'disk' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=trueCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="5ef6313a-257c-4d43@/dev/sdb1"
GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="5ef6313a-257c-4d43@/dev/sdb1"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_disk disk --source-format=gpt --source-dev=/dev/sdb --target /dev
# virsh pool-define-as guest_images_disk disk --source-format=gpt --source-dev=/dev/sdb --target /dev Pool guest_images_disk definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-build guest_images_disk
# virsh pool-build guest_images_disk Pool guest_images_disk builtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_disk
# virsh pool-start guest_images_disk Pool guest_images_disk startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_disk
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_disk Pool guest_images_disk marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.4.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'fs' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'fs' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=trueCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="5ef6313a-257c-4d43@/dev/sdb1"
GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="5ef6313a-257c-4d43@/dev/sdb1"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_fs fs --source-dev /dev/sdc1 --target /guest_images
# virsh pool-define-as guest_images_fs fs --source-dev /dev/sdc1 --target /guest_images Pool guest_images_fs definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_fs
# virsh pool-start guest_images_fs Pool guest_images_fs startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_fs
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_fs Pool guest_images_fs marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.5.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow setsebool virt_use_fusefs on getsebool virt_use_fusefs
# setsebool virt_use_fusefs on # getsebool virt_use_fusefs virt_use_fusefs --> onCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'gluster' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'gluster' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_glusterfs --type gluster --source-host 111.222.111.222 --source-name gluster-vol1 --source-path /
# virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_glusterfs --type gluster --source-host 111.222.111.222 --source-name gluster-vol1 --source-path / Pool guest_images_glusterfs definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_glusterfs
# virsh pool-start guest_images_glusterfs Pool guest_images_glusterfs startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_glusterfs
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_glusterfs Pool guest_images_glusterfs marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.6.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'iscsi' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'iscsi' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_iscsi --type iscsi --source-host server1.example.com --source-dev iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest --target /dev/disk/by-path
# virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_iscsi --type iscsi --source-host server1.example.com --source-dev iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest --target /dev/disk/by-path Pool guest_images_iscsi definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_iscsi
# virsh pool-start guest_images_iscsi Pool guest_images_iscsi startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_iscsi
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_iscsi Pool guest_images_iscsi marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.7.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'logical' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'logical' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_lvm logical --source-name lvm_vg --target /dev/lvm_vg
# virsh pool-define-as guest_images_lvm logical --source-name lvm_vg --target /dev/lvm_vg Pool guest_images_lvm definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_lvm
# virsh pool-start guest_images_lvm Pool guest_images_lvm startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_lvm
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_lvm Pool guest_images_lvm marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.8.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "<value>nfs</value>"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "<value>nfs</value>"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_netfs --type netfs --source-host='111.222.111.222' --source-path='/home/net_mount' --source-format='nfs' --target='/var/lib/libvirt/images/nfspool'
# virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_netfs --type netfs --source-host='111.222.111.222' --source-path='/home/net_mount' --source-format='nfs' --target='/var/lib/libvirt/images/nfspool'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_netfs
# virsh pool-start guest_images_netfs Pool guest_images_netfs startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_netfs
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_netfs Pool guest_images_netfs marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.9.
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'scsi' supported='yes'"
# virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'scsi' supported='yes'"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_vhba scsi --adapter-parent scsi_host3 --adapter-wwnn 5001a4a93526d0a1 --adapter-wwpn 5001a4ace3ee047d --target /dev/disk/
# virsh pool-define-as guest_images_vhba scsi --adapter-parent scsi_host3 --adapter-wwnn 5001a4a93526d0a1 --adapter-wwpn 5001a4ace3ee047d --target /dev/disk/ Pool guest_images_vhba definedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-start guest_images_vhba
# virsh pool-start guest_images_vhba Pool guest_images_vhba startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意virsh pool-autostart guest_images_vhba
# virsh pool-autostart guest_images_vhba Pool guest_images_vhba marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.2.10.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-destroy Downloads
# virsh pool-destroy Downloads Pool Downloads destroyedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-delete Downloads
# virsh pool-delete Downloads Pool Downloads deletedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-undefine Downloads
# virsh pool-undefine Downloads Pool Downloads has been undefinedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh pool-list --all
# virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- default active yes rhel-Storage-Pool active yesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.3.
12.3.1.
12.3.2.
- 注意
12.3.3.
- 注意
12.3.4.
12.3.5.
- 注意
12.3.6.
- 注意
12.3.7.
- 注意
12.3.8.
12.3.9.
12.4.
12.4.1.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_dir
|
|
<pool type='dir'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<target> <path>target_path</path> </target> |
12.4.2.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_disk
|
|
<pool type='disk'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<source> <path>source_path</path> </source> |
|
|
<target> <path>target_path</path> </target> |
12.4.3.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_fs
|
|
<pool type='fs'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<source> <device path=device_path /> |
|
|
<format type=fs_type /> </source> |
|
|
<target> <path>path-to-pool</path> </target> |
12.4.4.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_glusterfs
|
|
<pool type='gluster'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<source> <name=gluster-name /> |
|
|
<dir path=gluster-path /> </source> |
12.4.5.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_iscsi
|
|
<pool type='iscsi'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<source> <host name=hostname /> |
|
|
<device path=iSCSI_IQN /> </source> |
|
|
<target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> |
|
|
<initiator> <iqn name='initiator0' /> </initiator> |
12.4.6.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_logical
|
|
<pool type='logical'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<source> <device path='device_path' /> |
|
|
<name>VG-name</name> |
|
|
<format type='lvm2' /> </source> |
|
|
<target> <path=target_path /> </target> |
12.4.7.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_netfs
|
|
<pool type='netfs'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
<source> <host name=hostname /> |
|
|
<format type='nfs' /> <format type='glusterfs' /> <format type='cifs' /> |
|
|
<dir path=source_path /> </source> |
|
|
<target> <path>target_path</path> </target> |
12.4.8.
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
# virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml
Pool defined from guest_images_vhba
|
|
<pool type='scsi'> |
|
|
<name>name</name> |
|
|
|
|
|
<target> <path=target_path /> </target> |
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.5.
12.5.1.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh vol-info --pool RHEL-Storage-Pool --vol RHEL_Volume.qcow2
# virsh vol-info --pool RHEL-Storage-Pool --vol RHEL_Volume.qcow2 Name: RHEL_Volume.qcow2 Type: file Capacity: 60.00 GiB Allocation: 13.93 GiBCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.5.2.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh vol-create-as --pool guest-images-fs --name vm-disk1 --capacity 20 --format qcow2
# virsh vol-create-as --pool guest-images-fs --name vm-disk1 --capacity 20 --format qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <disk type='volume' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source pool='guest-images-fs' volume='vm-disk1'/> <target dev='hdk' bus='ide'/> </disk><disk type='volume' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source pool='guest-images-fs' volume='vm-disk1'/> <target dev='hdk' bus='ide'/> </disk>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source dev='/dev/mapper/mpatha' /> <target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/> </disk>
<disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source dev='/dev/mapper/mpatha' /> <target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/> </disk>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh attach-device --config testguest1 ~/vm-disk1.xml
# virsh attach-device --config testguest1 ~/vm-disk1.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.5.3.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh vol-wipe --pool RHEL-SP vm-disk1
# virsh vol-wipe --pool RHEL-SP vm-disk1 Vol vm-disk1 wipedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh vol-delete --pool RHEL-SP vm-disk1
# virsh vol-delete --pool RHEL-SP vm-disk1 Vol vm-disk1 deletedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.6.
12.6.1.
qemu-img create -f <format> <image-name> <size>
# qemu-img create -f <format> <image-name> <size>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow qemu-img create -f qcow2 test-image 30G
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 test-image 30G Formatting 'test-img', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=32212254720 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.6.2.
qemu-img check <test-name.qcow2>
# qemu-img check <test-name.qcow2> No errors were found on the image. 327434/327680 = 99.92% allocated, 0.00% fragmented, 0.00% compressed clusters Image end offset: 21478375424Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 警告
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.6.3.
- 警告
virsh domblklist <vm-name>
# virsh domblklist <vm-name> Target Source ---------------------------------------------------------- vda /home/username/disk-images/example-image.qcow2Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cp <example-image.qcow2> <example-image-backup.qcow2>
# cp <example-image.qcow2> <example-image-backup.qcow2>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow qemu-img resize <example-image.qcow2> +10G
# qemu-img resize <example-image.qcow2> +10GCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.6.4.
qemu-img convert -f raw <original-image.img> -O qcow2 <converted-image.qcow2>
# qemu-img convert -f raw <original-image.img> -O qcow2 <converted-image.qcow2>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.6.5.
12.7.
12.7.1.
12.7.2.
12.8.
12.8.1.
12.8.2.
- 注意
12.8.3.
12.8.4.
12.9.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh secret-define secret.xml
# virsh secret-define secret.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh secret-list
# virsh secret-list UUID Usage -------------------------------------------------------------- 2d7891af-20be-4e5e-af83-190e8a922360 iscsi iscsirhel7secretCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh secret-set-value --interactive 2d7891af-20be-4e5e-af83-190e8a922360
# virsh secret-set-value --interactive 2d7891af-20be-4e5e-af83-190e8a922360 Enter new value for secret: Secret value setCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意<auth username='redhat'> <secret type='iscsi' usage='iscsirhel7secret'/> </auth>
<auth username='redhat'> <secret type='iscsi' usage='iscsirhel7secret'/> </auth>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh pool-destroy iscsirhel7pool virsh pool-start iscsirhel7pool
# virsh pool-destroy iscsirhel7pool # virsh pool-start iscsirhel7poolCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
12.10.
virsh nodedev-list --cap vports
# virsh nodedev-list --cap vports scsi_host3 scsi_host4Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-dumpxml scsi_host3
# virsh nodedev-dumpxml scsi_host3Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意注意virsh nodedev-create vhba_host3
# virsh nodedev-create vhba_host3 Node device scsi_host5 created from vhba_host3.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 13 章
13.1.
grubby --args="intel_iommu=on iommu_pt" --update-kernel DEFAULT
# grubby --args="intel_iommu=on iommu_pt" --update-kernel DEFAULTCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
grubby --args="iommu=pt" --update-kernel DEFAULT
# grubby --args="iommu=pt" --update-kernel DEFAULTCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
lspci -Dnn | grep VGA
# lspci -Dnn | grep VGA 0000:02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GK106GL [Quadro K4000] [10de:11fa] (rev a1)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow grubby --args="pci-stub.ids=10de:11fa" --update-kernel DEFAULT
# grubby --args="pci-stub.ids=10de:11fa" --update-kernel DEFAULTCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh nodedev-dumpxml pci_0000_02_00_0
# virsh nodedev-dumpxml pci_0000_02_00_0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow driverctl set-override 0000:02:00.1 vfio-pci
# driverctl set-override 0000:02:00.1 vfio-pciCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh attach-device System1 --file /home/GPU-Assign.xml --persistent
# virsh attach-device System1 --file /home/GPU-Assign.xml --persistent Device attached successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
13.2.
13.2.1.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
blacklist nouveau options nouveau modeset=0
blacklist nouveau options nouveau modeset=0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow dracut --force reboot
# dracut --force # rebootCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow uuidgen
# uuidgen 30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba58692aCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-define vgpu-test.xml
# virsh nodedev-define vgpu-test.xml Node device mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0 created from vgpu-test.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev --inactive
# virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev --inactive mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-start mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0
# virsh nodedev-start mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0 Device mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0 startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev
# virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-autostart mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0
# virsh nodedev-autostart mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0 Device mdev_d196754e_d8ed_4f43_bf22_684ed698b08b_0000_9b_00_0 marked as autostartedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' managed='no' model='vfio-pci' display='on'> <source> <address uuid='30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba58692a'/> </source> </hostdev><hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' managed='no' model='vfio-pci' display='on'> <source> <address uuid='30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba58692a'/> </source> </hostdev>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lspci -d 10de: -k
# lspci -d 10de: -k 07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GV100GL [Tesla V100 SXM2 32GB] (rev a1) Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device 12ce Kernel driver in use: nvidia Kernel modules: nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidiaCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
13.2.2.
virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev
# virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-destroy mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0
# virsh nodedev-destroy mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0 Destroyed node device 'mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' managed='no' model='vfio-pci'> <source> <address uuid='30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba58692a'/> </source> </hostdev><hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' managed='no' model='vfio-pci'> <source> <address uuid='30820a6f-b1a5-4503-91ca-0c10ba58692a'/> </source> </hostdev>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-undefine mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0
# virsh nodedev-undefine mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0 Undefined node device 'mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev --inactive
# virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev --inactive mdev_30820a6f_b1a5_4503_91ca_0c10ba58692a_0000_01_00_0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev
# virsh nodedev-list --cap mdevCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
13.2.3.
virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev_types
# virsh nodedev-list --cap mdev_types pci_0000_5b_00_0 pci_0000_9b_00_0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
13.2.4.
第 14 章
14.1.
14.1.1.
ip addr show virbr0
$ ip addr show virbr0
3: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state
UNKNOWN link/ether 1b:c4:94:cf:fd:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global virbr0
14.1.2.
14.2.
14.2.1.
- 注意
- 注意
14.2.2.
14.2.3.
14.3.
14.3.1.
ip addr
# ip addr [...] enp0s25: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 54:ee:75:49:dc:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s25Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virt-xml testguest --edit --network bridge=bridge0
# virt-xml testguest --edit --network bridge=bridge0 Domain 'testguest' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh start testguest
# virsh start testguestCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
ip link show master bridge0
# ip link show master bridge0 2: enp0s25: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bridge0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 54:ee:75:49:dc:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 10: vnet0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bridge0 state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether fe:54:00:89:15:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ip addr
# ip addr [...] enp0s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:09:15:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ssh root@192.0.2.1
# ssh root@192.0.2.1 root@192.0.2.1's password: Last login: Mon Sep 24 12:05:36 2019 root~#*Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
14.3.2.
ip addr
# ip addr [...] enp0s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:09:15:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ssh root@192.0.2.1
# ssh root@192.0.2.1 root@192.0.2.1's password: Last login: Mon Sep 24 12:05:36 2019 root~#*Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
14.3.3.
14.4.
14.4.1.
14.4.2.
14.4.3.
14.4.4.
14.4.5.
14.4.6.
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14.5.
14.5.1.
chmod -R a+r /var/lib/tftpboot
# chmod -R a+r /var/lib/tftpbootCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow chown -R nobody: /var/lib/tftpboot
# chown -R nobody: /var/lib/tftpbootCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow chcon -R --reference /usr/sbin/dnsmasq /var/lib/tftpboot chcon -R --reference /usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper /var/lib/tftpboot
# chcon -R --reference /usr/sbin/dnsmasq /var/lib/tftpboot # chcon -R --reference /usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper /var/lib/tftpbootCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh net-destroy default
# virsh net-destroy defaultCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh net-edit default
# virsh net-edit defaultCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh net-start default
# virsh net-start defaultCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh net-list
# virsh net-list Name State Autostart Persistent --------------------------------------------------- default active no noCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
14.5.2.
virt-install --pxe --network network=default --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk size=10
# virt-install --pxe --network network=default --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk size=10Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
14.5.3.
virt-install --pxe --network bridge=breth0 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk size=10
# virt-install --pxe --network bridge=breth0 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk size=10Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 15 章
15.1.
yum install nfs-utils -y
# yum install nfs-utils -yCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
mkdir shared-files
# mkdir shared-filesCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow /home/<username>/Downloads/<shared_directory>/ <VM1-IP(options)> <VM2-IP(options)> ...
/home/<username>/Downloads/<shared_directory>/ <VM1-IP(options)> <VM2-IP(options)> ...Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow /usr/local/shared-files/ 192.0.2.2(rw,sync) 192.0.2.3(rw,sync)
/usr/local/shared-files/ 192.0.2.2(rw,sync) 192.0.2.3(rw,sync)Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意exportfs -a
# exportfs -aCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl start nfs-server
# systemctl start nfs-serverCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
mount 192.0.2.1:/usr/local/shared-files /mnt/host-share
# mount 192.0.2.1:/usr/local/shared-files /mnt/host-shareCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 注意
Install-WindowsFeature NFS-Client
# Install-WindowsFeature NFS-ClientCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName ServicesForNFS-ClientOnly, ClientForNFS-Infrastructure -Online -NoRestart
# Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName ServicesForNFS-ClientOnly, ClientForNFS-Infrastructure -Online -NoRestartCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
C:\Windows\system32\mount.exe -o anon \\192.0.2.1\usr\local\shared-files Z:
# C:\Windows\system32\mount.exe -o anon \\192.0.2.1\usr\local\shared-files Z:Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 注意
ls <mount_point>
$ ls <mount_point> shared-file1 shared-file2 shared-file3Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 16 章
16.1.
图 16.1.
图 16.2.
16.2.
getenforce
# getenforce EnforcingCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意
16.3.
- 注意
16.4.
yum install edk2-ovmf
# yum install edk2-ovmfCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow - 警告
virt-install --name rhel8sb --memory 4096 --vcpus 4 --os-variant rhel8.0 --boot uefi,nvram_template=/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_VARS.secboot.fd --disk boot_order=2,size=10 --disk boot_order=1,device=cdrom,bus=scsi,path=/images/RHEL-8.0-installation.iso
# virt-install --name rhel8sb --memory 4096 --vcpus 4 --os-variant rhel8.0 --boot uefi,nvram_template=/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_VARS.secboot.fd --disk boot_order=2,size=10 --disk boot_order=1,device=cdrom,bus=scsi,path=/images/RHEL-8.0-installation.isoCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
mokutil --sb-state
# mokutil --sb-state SecureBoot enabledCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
16.5.
ls /usr/share/polkit-1/actions | grep libvirt ls /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d | grep libvirt
# ls /usr/share/polkit-1/actions | grep libvirt # ls /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d | grep libvirtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
sed -i 's/#access_drivers = \[ "polkit" \]/access_drivers = \[ "polkit" \]/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
# sed -i 's/#access_drivers = \[ "polkit" \]/access_drivers = \[ "polkit" \]/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.confCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl restart libvirtd
# systemctl restart libvirtdCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh -c qemu:///system list --all
$ virsh -c qemu:///system list --all Id Name State -------------------------------Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
16.6.
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16.7.
grep facilities /proc/cpuinfo | grep 158
# grep facilities /proc/cpuinfo | grep 158Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ls /sys/firmware | grep uv
# ls /sys/firmware | grep uvCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh domcapabilities | grep unpack
# virsh domcapabilities | grep unpack <feature policy='require' name='unpack'/>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh dumpxml <vm_name> | grep "<cpu mode='host-model'/>"
# virsh dumpxml <vm_name> | grep "<cpu mode='host-model'/>"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum install guestfs-tools
# yum install guestfs-toolsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="prot_virt=1"
# grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="prot_virt=1"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow [...] </memballoon> </devices> <launchSecurity type="s390-pv"/> </domain>[...] </memballoon> </devices> <launchSecurity type="s390-pv"/> </domain>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
touch ~/secure-parameters
# touch ~/secure-parametersCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ls /boot/loader/entries -l
# ls /boot/loader/entries -l [...] -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 281 Oct 9 15:51 3ab27a195c2849429927b00679db15c1-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.confCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cat /boot/loader/entries/3ab27a195c2849429927b00679db15c1-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.conf | grep options options root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap
# cat /boot/loader/entries/3ab27a195c2849429927b00679db15c1-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.conf | grep options options root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swapCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow echo "root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap swiotlb=262144" > ~/secure-parameters
# echo "root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap swiotlb=262144" > ~/secure-parametersCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow genprotimg -i /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x -r /boot/initramfs-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.img -p ~/secure-parameters -k HKD-8651-00020089A8.crt -o /boot/secure-image
# genprotimg -i /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x -r /boot/initramfs-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.img -p ~/secure-parameters -k HKD-8651-00020089A8.crt -o /boot/secure-imageCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cat /boot/loader/entries/3ab27a195c2849429927b00679db15c1-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.conf title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3 version 4.18.0-240.el8.s390x linux /boot/secure-image [...]
# cat /boot/loader/entries/3ab27a195c2849429927b00679db15c1-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.conf title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3 version 4.18.0-240.el8.s390x linux /boot/secure-image [...]Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow zipl -V
# zipl -VCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow shred /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x shred /boot/initramfs-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.img shred secure-parameters
# shred /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x # shred /boot/initramfs-4.18.0-240.el8.s390x.img # shred secure-parametersCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-customize -a <vm_image_path> --selinux-relabel --firstboot <script_path>
# virt-customize -a <vm_image_path> --selinux-relabel --firstboot <script_path>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
16.8.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lsmod | grep vfio_ap
# lsmod | grep vfio_ap vfio_ap 24576 0 [...]Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe vfio_ap
# modprobe vfio_apCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow lszdev --list-types
# lszdev --list-types ... ap Cryptographic Adjunct Processor (AP) device ...Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
echo "obase=10; ibase=16; 04" | bc echo "obase=10; ibase=16; AB" | bc
# echo "obase=10; ibase=16; 04" | bc 4 # echo "obase=10; ibase=16; AB" | bc 171Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow chzdev -t ap apmask=-5 aqmask=-4,-171
# chzdev -t ap apmask=-5 aqmask=-4,-171Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-define vfio_ap.xml
# virsh nodedev-define vfio_ap.xml Node device 'mdev_8f9c4a73_1411_48d2_895d_34db9ac18f85_matrix' defined from 'vfio_ap.xml'Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh nodedev-start mdev_8f9c4a73_1411_48d2_895d_34db9ac18f85_matrix
# virsh nodedev-start mdev_8f9c4a73_1411_48d2_895d_34db9ac18f85_matrix Device mdev_8f9c4a73_1411_48d2_895d_34db9ac18f85_matrix startedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow cat /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/mdev_supported_types/vfio_ap-passthrough/devices/669d9b23-fe1b-4ecb-be08-a2fabca99b71/matrix 05.0004 05.00ab
# cat /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/mdev_supported_types/vfio_ap-passthrough/devices/669d9b23-fe1b-4ecb-be08-a2fabca99b71/matrix 05.0004 05.00abCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow vim crypto-dev.xml
# vim crypto-dev.xmlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' managed='no' model='vfio-ap'> <source> <address uuid='8f9c4a73-1411-48d2-895d-34db9ac18f85'/> </source> </hostdev><hostdev mode='subsystem' type='mdev' managed='no' model='vfio-ap'> <source> <address uuid='8f9c4a73-1411-48d2-895d-34db9ac18f85'/> </source> </hostdev>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh attach-device testguest1 crypto-dev.xml --live --config
# virsh attach-device testguest1 crypto-dev.xml --live --configCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
16.9.
{PackageManagerCommand} install edk2-ovmf# {PackageManagerCommand} install edk2-ovmfCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow {PackageManagerCommand} install swtpm libtpms# {PackageManagerCommand} install swtpm libtpmsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Your device meets the requirements for standard hardware security.
Your device meets the requirements for standard hardware security.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 17 章
17.1.
17.2.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow tuned-adm profile selected-profile
# tuned-adm profile selected-profileCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow tuned-adm profile virtual-host
# tuned-adm profile virtual-hostCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow tuned-adm profile virtual-guest
# tuned-adm profile virtual-guestCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
tuned-adm active
# tuned-adm active Current active profile: virtual-hostCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow tuned-adm verify
# tuned-adm verify Verification succeeded, current system settings match the preset profile. See tuned log file ('/var/log/tuned/tuned.log') for details.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.3.
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17.4.
17.4.1.
17.4.2.
virsh dumpxml testguest | grep memballoon
# virsh dumpxml testguest | grep memballoon <memballoon model='virtio'> </memballoon>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh dominfo testguest
# virsh dominfo testguest Max memory: 2097152 KiB Used memory: 2097152 KiBCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.4.3.
virsh dumpxml testguest | grep memballoon
# virsh dumpxml testguest | grep memballoon <memballoon model='virtio'> </memballoon>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh dominfo testguest
# virsh dominfo testguest Max memory: 2097152 KiB Used memory: 2097152 KiBCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-xml testguest --edit --memory memory=4096,currentMemory=4096
# virt-xml testguest --edit --memory memory=4096,currentMemory=4096 Domain 'testguest' defined successfully. Changes will take effect after the domain is fully powered off.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 警告virsh setmem testguest --current 2048
# virsh setmem testguest --current 2048Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh dominfo testguest
# virsh dominfo testguest Max memory: 4194304 KiB Used memory: 2097152 KiBCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.4.4.
virsh edit testguest
# virsh edit testguestCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <memoryBacking> <hugepages> <page size='1' unit='GiB'/> </hugepages> </memoryBacking><memoryBacking> <hugepages> <page size='1' unit='GiB'/> </hugepages> </memoryBacking>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.5.
17.5.1.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh blkiotune VM-name --device-weights device, I/O-weight
# virsh blkiotune VM-name --device-weights device, I/O-weightCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh blkiotune testguest1 --device-weights /dev/sda, 500
# virsh blkiotune testguest1 --device-weights /dev/sda, 500Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 重要
17.5.2.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh blkiotune VM-name --parameter device,limit
# virsh blkiotune VM-name --parameter device,limitCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh blkiotune rollin-coal --device-read-iops-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,1000 --device-write-iops-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,1000 --device-write-bytes-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,52428800 --device-read-bytes-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,52428800
# virsh blkiotune rollin-coal --device-read-iops-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,1000 --device-write-iops-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,1000 --device-write-bytes-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,52428800 --device-read-bytes-sec /dev/nvme0n1p3,52428800Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.5.3.
virsh edit <example_vm>
# virsh edit <example_vm>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <controller type='scsi' index='0' model='virtio-scsi'> <driver queues='N' /> </controller>
<controller type='scsi' index='0' model='virtio-scsi'> <driver queues='N' /> </controller>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.5.4.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.5.5.
virsh edit <vm_name>
# virsh edit <vm_name>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.
virt-xml testguest1 --edit --cpu host-model
# virt-xml testguest1 --edit --cpu host-modelCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.1.
17.6.2.
virsh vcpucount testguest
# virsh vcpucount testguest maximum config 4 maximum live 2 current config 2 current live 1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh setvcpus testguest 8 --maximum --config
# virsh setvcpus testguest 8 --maximum --configCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh setvcpus testguest 4 --live
# virsh setvcpus testguest 4 --liveCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh setvcpus testguest 1 --config
# virsh setvcpus testguest 1 --configCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh vcpucount testguest
# virsh vcpucount testguest maximum config 8 maximum live 4 current config 1 current live 4Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.3.
- 注意
- 注意
17.6.4.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum install numactl
# yum install numactlCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virt-xml testguest5 --edit --vcpus placement=auto virt-xml testguest5 --edit --numatune mode=preferred
# virt-xml testguest5 --edit --vcpus placement=auto # virt-xml testguest5 --edit --numatune mode=preferredCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancingCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl start numad
# systemctl start numadCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.5.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh vcpupin testguest6 0 1 virsh vcpupin testguest6 1 3 virsh vcpupin testguest6 2 5 virsh vcpupin testguest6 3 7
# virsh vcpupin testguest6 0 1 # virsh vcpupin testguest6 1 3 # virsh vcpupin testguest6 2 5 # virsh vcpupin testguest6 3 7Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh emulatorpin testguest6 2,4 virsh emulatorpin testguest6
# virsh emulatorpin testguest6 2,4 # virsh emulatorpin testguest6 emulator: CPU Affinity ---------------------------------- *: 2,4Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.6.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh schedinfo <vm_name> --set vcpu_period=100000
# virsh schedinfo <vm_name> --set vcpu_period=100000Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virsh schedinfo <vm_name> --set vcpu_quota=50000
# virsh schedinfo <vm_name> --set vcpu_quota=50000Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.7.
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.6.8.
systemctl stop ksm systemctl stop ksmtuned
# systemctl stop ksm # systemctl stop ksmtunedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl disable ksm systemctl disable ksmtuned
# systemctl disable ksm Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ksm.service. # systemctl disable ksmtuned Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ksmtuned.service.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意echo 2 > /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run
# echo 2 > /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/runCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.7.
lsmod | grep vhost
# lsmod | grep vhost vhost_net 32768 1 vhost 53248 1 vhost_net tap 24576 1 vhost_net tun 57344 6 vhost_netCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe vhost_net
# modprobe vhost_netCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
<interface type='network'> <source network='default'/> <model type='virtio'/> <driver name='vhost' queues='N'/> </interface><interface type='network'> <source network='default'/> <model type='virtio'/> <driver name='vhost' queues='N'/> </interface>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ethtool -C tap0 rx-frames 64
# ethtool -C tap0 rx-frames 64Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
17.8.
yum install perf
# yum install perfCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 18 章
18.1.
--disk path=/usr/share/virtio-win/virtio-win.iso,device=cdrom
--disk path=/usr/share/virtio-win/virtio-win.iso,device=cdromCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow --os-variant win10
--os-variant win10Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow osinfo-query os
# osinfo-query osCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow --boot uefi --tpm model=tpm-crb,backend.type=emulator,backend.version=2.0
--boot uefi --tpm model=tpm-crb,backend.type=emulator,backend.version=2.0Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh edit windows-vm
# virsh edit windows-vmCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <os firmware='efi'> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-6.2'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os>
<os firmware='efi'> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-6.2'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <devices> <tpm model='tpm-crb'> <backend type='emulator' version='2.0'/> </tpm> </devices><devices> <tpm model='tpm-crb'> <backend type='emulator' version='2.0'/> </tpm> </devices>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
18.2.
18.2.1.
18.2.1.1.
18.2.1.2.
subscription-manager refresh
# subscription-manager refresh All local data refreshedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum install -y virtio-win
# yum install -y virtio-winCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow yum upgrade -y virtio-win
# yum upgrade -y virtio-winCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow ls /usr/share/virtio-win/
# ls /usr/share/virtio-win/ drivers/ guest-agent/ virtio-win-1.9.9.iso virtio-win.isoCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virt-xml WindowsVM --add-device --disk virtio-win.iso,device=cdrom
# virt-xml WindowsVM --add-device --disk virtio-win.iso,device=cdrom Domain 'WindowsVM' defined successfully.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
18.2.1.3.
18.2.1.4.
backup.txt
C:\WINDOWS\system32\netsh dump > backup.txtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow C:\WINDOWS\system32\msiexec.exe /i X:\virtio-win-gt-x86.msi /passive /norestart
C:\WINDOWS\system32\msiexec.exe /i X:\virtio-win-gt-x86.msi /passive /norestartCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
C:\WINDOWS\system32\netsh -f backup.txt
C:\WINDOWS\system32\netsh -f backup.txtCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
18.2.1.5.
18.2.2.
18.2.2.1.
virsh edit windows-vm
# virsh edit windows-vmCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <clock offset='localtime'> ... <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/> </clock>
<clock offset='localtime'> ... <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/> </clock>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
18.2.2.2.
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18.2.4.
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bcdedit /set useplatformclock No
# bcdedit /set useplatformclock NoCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
18.3.
{PackageManagerCommand} install edk2-ovmf# {PackageManagerCommand} install edk2-ovmfCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow {PackageManagerCommand} install swtpm libtpms# {PackageManagerCommand} install swtpm libtpmsCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Your device meets the requirements for standard hardware security.
Your device meets the requirements for standard hardware security.Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
18.4.
第 19 章
19.1.
19.2.
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*modprobe kvm hpage=1 nested=1* *dmesg |tail -1*
# *modprobe kvm hpage=1 nested=1*
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'kvm': Invalid argument
# *dmesg |tail -1*
[90226.508366] kvm-s390: A KVM host that supports nesting cannot back its KVM guests with huge pages19.3.
cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested
# cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nestedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe -r kvm_intel
# modprobe -r kvm_intelCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe kvm_intel nested=1
# modprobe kvm_intel nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow options kvm_intel nested=1
options kvm_intel nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh edit Intel-L1
# virsh edit Intel-L1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <cpu mode='host-passthrough'/>
<cpu mode='host-passthrough'/>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <cpu mode ='custom' match ='exact' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX</model> <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/> ... </cpu>
<cpu mode ='custom' match ='exact' check='partial'> <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX</model> <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/> ... </cpu>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
19.4.
cat /sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/nested
# cat /sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/nestedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe -r kvm_amd
# modprobe -r kvm_amdCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe kvm_amd nested=1
# modprobe kvm_amd nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow options kvm_amd nested=1
options kvm_amd nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
virsh edit AMD-L1
# virsh edit AMD-L1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <cpu mode='host-passthrough'/>
<cpu mode='host-passthrough'/>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <cpu mode="custom" match="exact" check="none"> <model fallback="allow">EPYC-IBPB</model> <feature policy="require" name="svm"/> ... </cpu>
<cpu mode="custom" match="exact" check="none"> <model fallback="allow">EPYC-IBPB</model> <feature policy="require" name="svm"/> ... </cpu>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
19.5.
cat /sys/module/kvm/parameters/nested
# cat /sys/module/kvm/parameters/nestedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe -r kvm
# modprobe -r kvmCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe kvm nested=1
# modprobe kvm nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow options kvm nested=1
options kvm nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
19.6.
cat /sys/module/kvm_hv/parameters/nested
# cat /sys/module/kvm_hv/parameters/nestedCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe -r kvm_hv
# modprobe -r kvm_hvCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow modprobe kvm_hv nested=1
# modprobe kvm_hv nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow options kvm_hv nested=1
options kvm_hv nested=1Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
<nested-hv state='on'/>
<nested-hv state='on'/>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 20 章
20.1.
20.1.1.
20.1.2.
Expand 表 20.1. 例 20.1.
log_filters="3:remote 4:event 3:util.json 3:rpc" log_outputs="1:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirt.log"
log_filters="3:remote 4:event 3:util.json 3:rpc" log_outputs="1:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirt.log"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow systemctl restart libvirtd.service
$ systemctl restart libvirtd.serviceCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
20.1.3.
virt-admin daemon-log-filters >> virt-filters-backup
# virt-admin daemon-log-filters >> virt-filters-backupCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow 注意Expand 表 20.2. 例 20.2.
virt-admin daemon-log-filters "3:remote 4:event 3:util.json 3:rpc"
# virt-admin daemon-log-filters "3:remote 4:event 3:util.json 3:rpc"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-admin daemon-log-outputs "1:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirt.log"
# virt-admin daemon-log-outputs "1:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirt.log"Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow virt-admin daemon-log-filters
# virt-admin daemon-log-filters Logging filters:Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
20.1.4.
20.2.
20.2.1.
20.2.2.
virsh dump lander1 /core/file/gargantua.file --memory-only
# virsh dump lander1 /core/file/gargantua.file --memory-only Domain 'lander1' dumped to /core/file/gargantua.fileCopy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M
crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M20.3.
pgrep libvirt
# pgrep libvirt 22014 22025Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
第 21 章
21.1.
21.2.
virsh dumpxml VM-name | grep machine=
# virsh dumpxml VM-name | grep machine=
/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -M help
# /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -M help21.3.
<domain type='qemu'>
<domain type='qemu'>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow <domain type='kvm'>
<domain type='kvm'>Copy to Clipboard Copied! Toggle word wrap Toggle overflow
<disk type="block" device="lun">
<disk type="block" device="lun"><hostdev mode='subsystem' type='scsi'>
<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='scsi'>21.4.
21.5.
21.6.
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