第 10 章 使用智能卡对身份验证进行故障排除

步骤

1. 使用 lsusb 命令，验证智能卡读取器是否在操作系统中看到：

   $ lsusb
   Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
   Bus 001 Device 003: ID 072f:b100 Advanced Card Systems, Ltd ACR39U
   Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd
   Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

   有关 RHEL 中经过测试和支持的智能卡和写卡器的更多信息，请参阅 RHEL 9 中的智能卡支持。

2. 确保 pcscd 服务和套接字已启用并正在运行：

   $ systemctl status pcscd.service pcscd.socket
   
   ● pcscd.service - PC/SC Smart Card Daemon
         Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pcscd.service; indirect;
   vendor preset: disabled)
         Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-09-24 11:05:04 CEST; 2
   weeks 6 days ago
   TriggeredBy: ● pcscd.socket
           Docs: man:pcscd(8)
       Main PID: 3772184 (pcscd)
          Tasks: 12 (limit: 38201)
         Memory: 8.2M
            CPU: 1min 8.067s
         CGroup: /system.slice/pcscd.service
                 └─3772184 /usr/sbin/pcscd --foreground --auto-exit
   
   ● pcscd.socket - PC/SC Smart Card Daemon Activation Socket
         Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pcscd.socket; enabled;
   vendor preset: enabled)
         Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-09-24 11:05:04 CEST; 2
   weeks 6 days ago
       Triggers: ● pcscd.service
         Listen: /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm (Stream)
         CGroup: /system.slice/pcscd.socket

3. 使用 p11-kit list-modules 命令，显示有关配置的智能卡和智能卡中的令牌的信息：

   $ p11-kit list-modules
   p11-kit-trust: p11-kit-trust.so
   [...]
   opensc: opensc-pkcs11.so
       library-description: OpenSC smartcard framework
       library-manufacturer: OpenSC Project
       library-version: 0.20
       token: MyEID (sctest)
           manufacturer: Aventra Ltd.
           model: PKCS#15
           serial-number: 8185043840990797
           firmware-version: 40.1
           flags:
                  rng
                  login-required
                  user-pin-initialized
                  token-initialized

4. 验证您可以访问智能卡的内容：

   $ pkcs11-tool --list-objects --login
   Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
   Logging in to "MyEID (sctest)".
   Please enter User PIN:
   Private Key Object; RSA
     label:      Certificate
     ID:         01
     Usage:      sign
     Access:     sensitive
   Public Key Object; RSA 2048 bits
     label:      Public Key
     ID:         01
     Usage:      verify
     Access:     none
   Certificate Object; type = X.509 cert
     label:      Certificate
     subject:    DN: O=IDM.EXAMPLE.COM, CN=idmuser1
     ID:         01

5. 使用 certutil 命令显示智能卡中的证书内容：

   1. 运行以下命令来确定证书的正确名称：

      $ certutil -d /etc/pki/nssdb -L -h all
      
      Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes
                                                                   SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI
      
      Enter Password or Pin for "MyEID (sctest)":
      Smart Card CA 0f5019a8-7e65-46a1-afe5-8e17c256ae00           CT,C,C
      MyEID (sctest):Certificate                                   u,u,u

   2. 在智能卡中显示证书内容：

      注意

      确保证书的名称是与上一步中显示的输出完全匹配，在本例中为 MyEID(sctest):Certificate。

      $ certutil -d /etc/pki/nssdb -L -n "MyEID (sctest):Certificate"
      
      Enter Password or Pin for "MyEID (sctest)":
      Certificate:
          Data:
              Version: 3 (0x2)
              Serial Number: 15 (0xf)
              Signature Algorithm: PKCS #1 SHA-256 With RSA Encryption
              Issuer: "CN=Certificate Authority,O=IDM.EXAMPLE.COM"
              Validity:
                  Not Before: Thu Sep 30 14:01:41 2021
                  Not After : Sun Oct 01 14:01:41 2023
              Subject: "CN=idmuser1,O=IDM.EXAMPLE.COM"
              Subject Public Key Info:
                  Public Key Algorithm: PKCS #1 RSA Encryption
                  RSA Public Key:
                      Modulus:
                          [...]
                      Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
              Signed Extensions:
                  Name: Certificate Authority Key Identifier
                  Key ID:
                      e2:27:56:0d:2f:f5:f2:72:ce:de:37:20:44:8f:18:7f:
                      2f:56:f9:1a
      
                  Name: Authority Information Access
                  Method: PKIX Online Certificate Status Protocol
                  Location:
                      URI: "http://ipa-ca.idm.example.com/ca/ocsp"
      
                  Name: Certificate Key Usage
                  Critical: True
                  Usages: Digital Signature
                          Non-Repudiation
                          Key Encipherment
                          Data Encipherment
      
                  Name: Extended Key Usage
                      TLS Web Server Authentication Certificate
                      TLS Web Client Authentication Certificate
      
                  Name: CRL Distribution Points
                  Distribution point:
                      URI: "http://ipa-ca.idm.example.com/ipa/crl/MasterCRL.bin"
                      CRL issuer:
                          Directory Name: "CN=Certificate Authority,O=ipaca"
      
                  Name: Certificate Subject Key ID
                  Data:
                      43:23:9f:c1:cf:b1:9f:51:18:be:05:b5:44:dc:e6:ab:
                      be:07:1f:36
      
          Signature Algorithm: PKCS #1 SHA-256 With RSA Encryption
          Signature:
              [...]
          Fingerprint (SHA-256):
              6A:F9:64:F7:F2:A2:B5:04:88:27:6E:B8:53:3E:44:3E:F5:75:85:91:34:ED:48:A8:0D:F0:31:5D:7B:C9:E0:EC
          Fingerprint (SHA1):
              B4:9A:59:9F:1C:A8:5D:0E:C1:A2:41:EC:FD:43:E0:80:5F:63:DF:29
      
          Mozilla-CA-Policy: false (attribute missing)
          Certificate Trust Flags:
              SSL Flags:
                  User
              Email Flags:
                  User
              Object Signing Flags:
                  User