3.7. 示例：监控 CPU 使用
要监控实例的性能，可检查 Gnocchi 数据库以确定您可以监控哪些指标，如内存或 CPU 使用量。
流程
要识别您可以监控的指标，请使用实例 UUID 输入
openstack metric resource show命令：$ openstack metric resource show --type instance 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | availability_zone | nova | | created_at | 2021-09-16T16:16:24+00:00 | | created_by_project_id | 1adaed3aaa7f454c83307688c0825978 | | created_by_user_id | d8429405a2764c3bb5184d29bd32c46a | | creator | d8429405a2764c3bb5184d29bd32c46a:1adaed3aaa7f454c83307688c0825978 | | deleted_at | None | | display_name | foo-2 | | ended_at | None | | flavor_id | 0e5bae38-a949-4509-9868-82b353ef7ffb | | flavor_name | workload_flavor_0 | | host | compute-0.redhat.local | | id | 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 | | image_ref | 3cde20b4-7620-49f3-8622-eeacbdc43d49 | | launched_at | 2021-09-16T16:17:03+00:00 | | metrics | cpu: a0375b0e-f799-47ea-b4ba-f494cf562ad8 | | | disk.ephemeral.size: cd082824-dfd6-49c3-afdf-6bfc8c12bd2a | | | disk.root.size: cd88dc61-ba85-45eb-a7b9-4686a6a0787b | | | memory.usage: 7a1e787c-5fa7-4ac3-a2c6-4c3821eaf80a | | | memory: ebd38ef7-cdc1-49f1-87c1-0b627d7c189e | | | vcpus: cc9353f1-bb24-4d37-ab8f-d3e887ca8856 | | original_resource_id | 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 | | project_id | cdda46e0b5be4782bc0480dac280832a | | revision_end | None | | revision_start | 2021-09-16T17:00:41.227453+00:00 | | server_group | None | | started_at | 2021-09-16T16:17:08.444032+00:00 | | type | instance | | user_id | f00de1d74408428cadf483ea7dbb2a83 | +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
因此，指标值列出了您可以使用 Alarming 服务监控的组件，如
cpu。要监控 CPU 用量，请使用
cpu指标：$ openstack metric show --resource-id 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 cpu +--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | archive_policy/name | ceilometer-high-rate | | creator | d8429405a2764c3bb5184d29bd32c46a:1adaed3aaa7f454c83307688c0825978 | | id | a0375b0e-f799-47ea-b4ba-f494cf562ad8 | | name | cpu | | resource/created_by_project_id | 1adaed3aaa7f454c83307688c0825978 | | resource/created_by_user_id | d8429405a2764c3bb5184d29bd32c46a | | resource/creator | d8429405a2764c3bb5184d29bd32c46a:1adaed3aaa7f454c83307688c0825978 | | resource/ended_at | None | | resource/id | 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 | | resource/original_resource_id | 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 | | resource/project_id | cdda46e0b5be4782bc0480dac280832a | | resource/revision_end | None | | resource/revision_start | 2021-09-16T17:00:41.227453+00:00 | | resource/started_at | 2021-09-16T16:17:08.444032+00:00 | | resource/type | instance | | resource/user_id | f00de1d74408428cadf483ea7dbb2a83 | | unit | ns | +--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
archive_policy 定义用于计算 std、count、min、max、sum 和 mean 值的聚合间隔。
检查
cpu指标当前所选的归档策略：$ openstack metric archive-policy show ceilometer-high-rate +---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | aggregation_methods | rate:mean, mean | | back_window | 0 | | definition | - timespan: 1:00:00, granularity: 0:00:01, points: 3600 | | | - timespan: 1 day, 0:00:00, granularity: 0:01:00, points: 1440 | | | - timespan: 365 days, 0:00:00, granularity: 1:00:00, points: 8760 | | name | ceilometer-high-rate | +---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
使用 Alarming 服务创建查询
cpu的监控任务。此任务会根据您指定的设置触发事件。例如，当实例在延长持续时间超过 80% 时，要引发日志条目，请使用以下命令：$ openstack alarm create \ --project-id 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b \ --name high-cpu \ --type gnocchi_resources_threshold \ --description 'High CPU usage' \ --metric cpu \ --threshold 800,000,000.0 \ --comparison-operator ge \ --aggregation-method mean \ --granularity 300 \ --evaluation-periods 1 \ --alarm-action 'log://' \ --ok-action 'log://' \ --resource-type instance \ --resource-id 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | aggregation_method | rate:mean | | alarm_actions | ['log:'] | | alarm_id | c7b326bd-a68c-4247-9d2b-56d9fb18bf38 | | comparison_operator | ge | | description | High CPU usage | | enabled | True | | evaluation_periods | 1 | | granularity | 300 | | insufficient_data_actions | [] | | metric | cpu | | name | high-cpu | | ok_actions | ['log:'] | | project_id | cdda46e0b5be4782bc0480dac280832a | | repeat_actions | False | | resource_id | 22592ae1-922a-4f51-b935-20c938f48753 | | resource_type | instance | | severity | low | | state | insufficient data | | state_reason | Not evaluated yet | | state_timestamp | 2021-09-21T08:02:57.090592 | | threshold | 800000000.0 | | time_constraints | [] | | timestamp | 2021-09-21T08:02:57.090592 | | type | gnocchi_resources_threshold | | user_id | f00de1d74408428cadf483ea7dbb2a83 | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
- comparison-operator：如果 CPU 使用率大于或等于 80%，ge 运算符定义了警报触发。
- granularity：指标关联有一个归档策略，策略可以具有各种粒度。例如，每月 1 小时的 5 分钟聚合为 1 小时聚合。granularity 值必须与归档策略中描述的持续时间匹配。
- 评估-periods：在警报触发前需要传递的粒度周期数。例如，如果您将此值设置为 2，则在警报触发前，CPU 用量需要超过 80% 才能触发两个轮询周期。
[U'log://']：当您将
alarm_actions或ok_actions设置为[u'log://']时，事件会被触发或返回到普通的状态，则会记录到 aodh 日志文件。注意您可以定义在警报触发时运行的不同操作(alarm_actions)，并在返回正常状态(ok_actions) （如 Webhook URL）时运行。
