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Chapter 4. Developing and deploying a Spring Boot runtime application

In addition to, using an example, you can create new Spring Boot applications from scratch and deploy them to OpenShift.

The recommended approach for specifying and using supported and tested Maven artifacts in a Spring Boot application is to use the OpenShift Application Runtimes Spring Boot BOM.

4.1. Developing Spring Boot application
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For a basic Spring Boot application, you need to create the following:

  • A Java class containing Spring Boot methods.
  • A pom.xml file containing information required by Maven to build the application.

The following procedure creates a simple Greeting application that returns "{"content":"Greetings!"}" as response.

Note

For building and deploying your applications to OpenShift, Spring Boot 2.3 only supports builder images based on OpenJDK 8 and OpenJDK 11. Oracle JDK and OpenJDK 9 builder images are not supported.

Prerequisites

  • OpenJDK 8 or OpenJDK 11 installed.
  • Maven installed.

Procedure

  1. Create a new directory myApp, and navigate to it. 

    $ mkdir myApp
$ cd myApp
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    This is the root directory for the application.

  2. Create directory structure src/main/java/com/example/ in the root directory, and navigate to it. 

    $ mkdir -p src/main/java/com/example/
$ cd src/main/java/com/example/
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  3. Create a Java class file MyApp.java containing the application code. 

    package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class MyApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MyApp.class, args);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/")
    @ResponseBody
    public Message displayMessage() {
        return new Message();
    }

    static class Message {
        private String content = "Greetings!";

        public String getContent() {
            return content;
        }

        public void setContent(String content) {
            this.content = content;
        }
    }
}
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  4. Create a pom.xml file in the application root directory myApp with the following content: 

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>MyApp</name>
  <description>My Application</description>

  <!-- Specify the JDK builder image used to build your application. -->
  <!-- Use OpenJDK 8 and OpenJDK 11-based images. OracleJDK-based images are not supported. -->
  <properties>
    <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-openjdk-18/openjdk18-openshift:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
  </properties>

  <!-- Import dependencies from the Spring Boot BOM. -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>dev.snowdrop</groupId>
        <artifactId>snowdrop-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.10.Final-redhat-00004</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.10.RELEASE</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <!-- Specify the repositories containing Spring Boot artifacts -->
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>redhat-ga</id>
      <name>Red Hat GA Repository</name>
      <url>https://maven.repository.redhat.com/ga/</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>redhat-ga</id>
      <name>Red Hat GA Repository</name>
      <url>https://maven.repository.redhat.com/ga/</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>

</project>
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  5. Build the application using Maven from the root directory of the application. 

    $ mvn spring-boot:run
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  6. Verify that the application is running.

    Using curl or your browser, verify your application is running at http://localhost:8080. 

    $ curl http://localhost:8080
{"content":"Greetings!"}
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Additional information

  • As a recommended practice, you can configure liveness and readiness probes to enable health monitoring for your application when running on OpenShift. To learn how application health monitoring on OpenShift works, try the Health Check example.

4.2. Deploying Spring Boot application to OpenShift
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To deploy your Spring Boot application to OpenShift, configure the pom.xml file in your application and then use the Fabric8 Maven plugin. You can specify a Java image by replacing the fabric8.generator.from URL in the pom.xml file.

The images are available in the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog. 

<fabric8.generator.from>IMAGE_NAME</fabric8.generator.from>
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For example, the Java image for RHEL 7 with OpenJDK 8 is specified as: 

<fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-openjdk-18/openjdk18-openshift:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
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4.2.1. Supported Java images for Spring Boot
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Spring Boot is certified and tested with various Java images that are available for different operating systems. For example, Java images are available for RHEL 7 and RHEL 8 with OpenJDK 8 or OpenJDK 11. Similar images are available on IBM Z and IBM Power Systems.

You require Docker or podman authentication to access the RHEL 8 images in the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog.

The following table lists the images supported by Spring Boot for different architectures. It also provides links to the images available in the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog. The image pages contain authentication procedures required to access the RHEL 8 images.

4.2.1.1. Images on x86_64 architecture
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Expand
OSJavaRed Hat Ecosystem Catalog

RHEL 7

OpenJDK 8

RHEL 7 with OpenJDK 8

RHEL 7

OpenJDK 11

RHEL 7 with OpenJDK 11

RHEL 8

OpenJDK 8

RHEL 8 Universal Base Image with OpenJDK 8

RHEL 8

OpenJDK 11

RHEL 8 Universal Base Image with OpenJDK 11

4.2.1.2. Images on s390x (IBM Z) architecture
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Expand
OSJavaRed Hat Ecosystem Catalog

RHEL 8

Eclipse OpenJ9 11

RHEL 8 with Eclipse OpenJ9 11

4.2.1.3. Images on ppc64le (IBM Power Systems) architecture
复制链接

Expand
OSJavaRed Hat Ecosystem Catalog

RHEL 8

Eclipse OpenJ9 11

RHEL 8 with Eclipse OpenJ9 11

Note

The use of a RHEL 8-based container on a RHEL 7 host, for example with OpenShift 3 or OpenShift 4, has limited support. For more information, see the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Container Compatibility Matrix.

For deploying your Spring Boot application to OpenShift, it must contain:

  • Launcher profile information in the application’s pom.xml file.

In the following procedure, a profile with Fabric8 Maven plugin is used for building and deploying the application to OpenShift.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Add the following content to the pom.xml file in the application root directory: 

    ...

<profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>openshift</id>
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId>
            <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>4.4.1</version>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <goals>
                  <goal>resource</goal>
                  <goal>build</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>
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  2. Replace the fabric8.generator.from property in the pom.xml file to specify the OpenJDK image that you want to use.

    • x86_64 architecture

      • RHEL 7 with OpenJDK 8 

        <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-openjdk-18/openjdk18-openshift:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
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      • RHEL 7 with OpenJDK 11 

        <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/openjdk/openjdk-11-rhel7:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      • RHEL 8 with OpenJDK 8 

        <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/openjdk-8:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      • RHEL 8 with OpenJDK 11 

        <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/openjdk-11:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • s390x (IBM Z) architecture

      • RHEL 8 with Eclipse OpenJ9 11 

        <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/openj9/openj9-11-rhel8:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • ppc64le (IBM Power Systems) architecture

      • RHEL 8 with Eclipse OpenJ9 11 

        <fabric8.generator.from>registry.access.redhat.com/openj9/openj9-11-rhel8:latest</fabric8.generator.from>
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

To deploy your Spring Boot application to OpenShift, you must perform the following:

  • Log in to your OpenShift instance.
  • Deploy the application to the OpenShift instance.

Prerequisites

  • oc CLI client installed.
  • Maven installed.

Procedure

  1. Log in to your OpenShift instance with the oc client. 

    $ oc login ...
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  2. Create a new project in the OpenShift instance. 

    $ oc new-project MY_PROJECT_NAME
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  3. Deploy the application to OpenShift using Maven from the application’s root directory. The root directory of an application contains the pom.xml file. 

    $ mvn clean fabric8:deploy -Popenshift
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    This command uses the Fabric8 Maven Plugin to launch the S2I process on OpenShift and start the pod.

  4. Verify the deployment.

    1. Check the status of your application and ensure your pod is running. 

      $ oc get pods -w
NAME                             READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
MY_APP_NAME-1-aaaaa               1/1       Running     0          58s
MY_APP_NAME-s2i-1-build           0/1       Completed   0          2m
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      The MY_APP_NAME-1-aaaaa pod should have a status of Running once it is fully deployed and started.

      Your specific pod name will vary.

    2. Determine the route for the pod.

      Example Route Information

      $ oc get routes
NAME                 HOST/PORT                                                     PATH      SERVICES        PORT      TERMINATION
MY_APP_NAME         MY_APP_NAME-MY_PROJECT_NAME.OPENSHIFT_HOSTNAME      MY_APP_NAME      8080
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      The route information of a pod gives you the base URL which you use to access it.

      In this example, http://MY_APP_NAME-MY_PROJECT_NAME.OPENSHIFT_HOSTNAME is the base URL to access the application.

    3. Verify that your application is running in OpenShift. 

      $ curl http://MY_APP_NAME-MY_PROJECT_NAME.OPENSHIFT_HOSTNAME
{"content":"Greetings!"}
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To deploy your Spring Boot application to stand-alone Red Hat Enterprise Linux, configure the pom.xml file in the application, package it using Maven and deploy using the java -jar command.

Prerequisites

  • RHEL 7 or RHEL 8 installed.

For deploying your Spring Boot application to stand-alone Red Hat Enterprise Linux, you must first package the application using Maven.

Prerequisites

  • Maven installed.

Procedure

  1. Add the following content to the pom.xml file in the application’s root directory: 

      ...
  <!-- Specify target artifact type for the repackage goal. -->
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  ...
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
              <goals>
               <goal>repackage</goal>
             </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  ...
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  2. Package your application using Maven. 

    $ mvn clean package
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    The resulting JAR file is in the target directory.

To deploy your Spring Boot application to stand-alone Red Hat Enterprise Linux, use java -jar command.

Prerequisites

  • RHEL 7 or RHEL 8 installed.
  • OpenJDK 8 or OpenJDK 11 installed.
  • A JAR file with the application.

Procedure

  1. Deploy the JAR file with the application. 

    $ java -jar my-project-1.0.0.jar
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  2. Verify the deployment.

    Use curl or your browser to verify your application is running at http://localhost:8080: 

    $ curl http://localhost:8080
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
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