Chapter 9. Integrate Spring Boot with Kubernetes

The Spring Cloud Kubernetes plug-in currently enables you to integrate the following features of Spring Boot and Kubernetes:

In Spring Boot, externalized configuration is the mechanism that enables you to inject configuration values from external sources into Java code. In your Java code, injection is typically enabled by annotating with the @Value annotation (to inject into a single field) or the @ConfigurationProperties annotation (to inject into multiple properties on a Java bean class).

The configuration data can come from a wide variety of different sources (or property sources). In particular, configuration properties are often set in a project’s application.properties file (or application.yaml file, if you prefer).

A Kubernetes ConfigMap is a mechanism that can provide configuration data to a deployed application. A ConfigMap object is typically defined in a YAML file, which is then uploaded to the Kubernetes cluster, making the configuration data available to deployed applications.

A Kubernetes Secrets is a mechanism for providing sensitive data (such as passwords, certificates, and so on) to deployed applications.

The Spring Cloud Kubernetes plug-in implements the integration between Kubernetes and Spring Boot. In principle, you could access the configuration data from a ConfigMap using the Kubernetes API. It is much more convenient, however, to integrate Kubernetes ConfigMap directly with the Spring Boot externalized configuration mechanism, so that Kubernetes ConfigMaps behave as an alternative property source for Spring Boot configuration. This is essentially what the Spring Cloud Kubernetes plug-in provides.

In a typical Spring Boot Maven project, you can enable the integration by adding the following Maven dependency to your project’s POM file:

<project ...>
  ...
  <dependencies>
    ...
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-kubernetes-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    ...
  </dependencies>
  ...
</project>

To complete the integration, you need to add some annotations to your Java source code, create a Kubernetes ConfigMap object, and modify the OpenShift service account permissions to allow your application to read the ConfigMap object. These steps are described in detail in Section 9.2, “Tutorial for ConfigMap Property Source”.

Perform the following steps to create a simple Camel Spring Boot project:

A configuration properties bean is a regular Java bean that can receive configuration settings by injection. It provides the basic interface between your Java code and the external configuration mechanisms.

package org.example.fis;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration  1
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "quickstart")  2
public class QuickstartConfiguration {

    /**
     * A comma-separated list of routes to use as recipients for messages.
     */
    private String recipients;  3

    /**
     * The username to use when connecting to the async queue (simulation)
     */
    private String queueUsername;  4

    /**
     * The password to use when connecting to the async queue (simulation)
     */
    private String queuePassword;  5

    // Setters and Getters for Bean properties
    // NOT SHOWN
    ...
}

The Kubernetes Secret in this quickstart is set up in the standard way, apart from one additional required step: the Spring Cloud Kubernetes plug-in must be configured with the mount paths of the Secrets, so that it can read the Secrets at run time.

For more details, see the chapter on Secrets in the Kubernetes reference documentation.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: camel-config
type: Opaque
data:
  # The username is 'myuser'
  quickstart.queue-username: bXl1c2VyCg==
  quickstart.queue-password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: "qs-camel-config"
      volumes: 1
        - name: "camel-config"
          secret:
            # The secret must be created before deploying this application
            secretName: "camel-config"
      containers:
        -
          volumeMounts: 2
            - name: "camel-config"
              readOnly: true
              # Mount the secret where spring-cloud-kubernetes is configured to read it
              # see src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml
              mountPath: "/etc/secrets/camel-config"
          resources:
#            requests:
#              cpu: "0.2"
#              memory: 256Mi
#            limits:
#              cpu: "1.0"
#              memory: 256Mi
             env:
              - name: SPRING_APPLICATION_JSON
               value: '{"server":{"undertow":{"io-threads":1, "worker-threads":2 }}}'

# Startup configuration of Spring-cloud-kubernetes
spring:
  application:
    name: camel-config
  cloud:
    kubernetes:
      reload:
        # Enable live reload on ConfigMap change (disabled for Secrets by default)
        enabled: true
      secrets:
        paths: /etc/secrets/camel-config

In addition to creating a ConfigMap object and setting the view permission appropriately, the integration with Spring Cloud Kubernetes requires you to match the ConfigMap’s metadata.name with the value of the spring.application.name property configured in the project’s bootstrap.yml file.

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  # Must match the 'spring.application.name' property of the application
  name: camel-config
data:
  application.properties: |
    # Override the configuration properties here
    quickstart.recipients=direct:async-queue,direct:file,direct:mail

oc policy add-role-to-user view system:serviceaccount:test:qs-camel-config

Let’s assume that we have a Spring Boot application named demo that uses properties to read its thread pool configuration.

This can be externalized to config map in YAML format:

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: demo
data:
  pool.size.core: 1
  pool.size.max: 16

Individual properties work fine for most cases but sometimes we find YAML is more convenient. In this case we use a single property named application.yaml and embed our YAML inside it:

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: demo
data:
  application.yaml: |-
    pool:
      size:
        core: 1
        max:16

You can also define the ConfigMap properties in the style of a Spring Boot application.properties file. In this case we use a single property named application.properties and list the property settings inside it:

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: demo
data:
  application.properties: |-
    pool.size.core: 1
    pool.size.max: 16

To deploy a ConfigMap and make it accessible to a Spring Boot application, perform the following steps:

Let’s assume that we have a Spring Boot application named demo that uses properties to read its ActiveMQ and PostreSQL configuration.

amq.username
amq.password
pg.username
pg.password

These secrets can be externalized to Secrets in YAML format:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: postgres-secrets
  labels:
    db: postgres
type: Opaque
data:
  pg.username: dXNlcgo=
  pg.password: cGdhZG1pbgo=

You can select the Secrets to consume in a number of ways:

You can use the following properties to configure the Secrets property source:

Assuming that the reload feature is enabled with default settings (refresh mode), the following bean will be refreshed when the config map changes:

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "bean")
public class MyConfig {

    private String message = "a message that can be changed live";

    // getter and setters

}

A way to see that changes effectively happen is creating another bean that prints the message periodically.

@Component
public class MyBean {

    @Autowired
    private MyConfig config;

    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000)
    public void hello() {
        System.out.println("The message is: " + config.getMessage());
    }
}

The message printed by the application can be changed using a ConfigMap like the following one:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: reload-example
data:
  application.properties: |-
    bean.message=Hello World!

Any change to the property named bean.message in the Config Map associated with the pod will be reflected in the output of the program.

The full example is available in [spring-cloud-kubernetes-reload-example](spring-cloud-kubernetes-examples/spring-cloud-kubernetes-reload-example).

The reload feature supports two operating modes:

The following properties can be used to configure the reloading feature:

Note the following points: