Installing on Azure
Installing OpenShift Container Platform on Azure
Abstract
Chapter 1. Preparing to install on Azure
1.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
1.2. Requirements for installing OpenShift Container Platform on Azure
Before installing OpenShift Container Platform on Microsoft Azure, you must configure an Azure account. See Configuring an Azure account for details about account configuration, account limits, public DNS zone configuration, required roles, creating service principals, and supported Azure regions.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system
namespace, see Manually creating IAM for Azure for other options.
1.3. Choosing a method to install OpenShift Container Platform on Azure
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure. The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, where the installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provision. If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisions, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself.
See Installation process for more information about installer-provisioned and user-provisioned installation processes.
1.3.1. Installing a cluster on installer-provisioned infrastructure
You can install a cluster on Azure infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program, by using one of the following methods:
- Installing a cluster quickly on Azure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on Azure infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. You can install a cluster quickly by using the default configuration options.
- Installing a customized cluster on Azure: You can install a customized cluster on Azure infrastructure that the installation program provisions. The installation program allows for some customization to be applied at the installation stage. Many other customization options are available post-installation.
- Installing a cluster on Azure with network customizations: You can customize your OpenShift Container Platform network configuration during installation, so that your cluster can coexist with your existing IP address allocations and adhere to your network requirements.
- Installing a cluster on Azure into an existing VNet: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) on Azure. You can use this installation method if you have constraints set by the guidelines of your company, such as limits when creating new accounts or infrastructure.
- Installing a private cluster on Azure: You can install a private cluster into an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) on Azure. You can use this method to deploy OpenShift Container Platform on an internal network that is not visible to the internet.
- Installing a cluster on Azure into a government region: OpenShift Container Platform can be deployed into Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions that are specifically designed for US government agencies at the federal, state, and local level, as well as contractors, educational institutions, and other US customers that must run sensitive workloads on Azure.
1.3.2. Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure
You can install a cluster on Azure infrastructure that you provision, by using the following method:
- Installing a cluster on Azure using ARM templates: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on Azure by using infrastructure that you provide. You can use the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates to assist with an installation.
1.4. Next steps
Chapter 2. Configuring an Azure account
Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Microsoft Azure account.
All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.
2.1. Azure account limits
The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Microsoft Azure components, and the default Azure subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints affect your ability to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters.
Default limits vary by offer category types, such as Free Trial and Pay-As-You-Go, and by series, such as Dv2, F, and G. For example, the default for Enterprise Agreement subscriptions is 350 cores.
Check the limits for your subscription type and if necessary, increase quota limits for your account before you install a default cluster on Azure.
The following table summarizes the Azure components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OpenShift Container Platform clusters.
Component | Number of components required by default | Default Azure limit | Description | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vCPU | 44 | 20 per region | A default cluster requires 44 vCPUs, so you must increase the account limit. By default, each cluster creates the following instances:
Because the bootstrap and control plane machines use To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, you must further increase the vCPU limit for your account to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you require. | ||||||
OS Disk | 7 | Each cluster machine must have a minimum of 100 GB of storage and 300 IOPS. While these are the minimum supported values, faster storage is recommended for production clusters and clusters with intensive workloads. For more information about optimizing storage for performance, see the page titled "Optimizing storage" in the "Scalability and performance" section. | |||||||
VNet | 1 | 1000 per region | Each default cluster requires one Virtual Network (VNet), which contains two subnets. | ||||||
Network interfaces | 7 | 65,536 per region | Each default cluster requires seven network interfaces. If you create more machines or your deployed workloads create load balancers, your cluster uses more network interfaces. | ||||||
Network security groups | 2 | 5000 | Each cluster creates network security groups for each subnet in the VNet. The default cluster creates network security groups for the control plane and for the compute node subnets:
| ||||||
Network load balancers | 3 | 1000 per region | Each cluster creates the following load balancers:
If your applications create more Kubernetes | ||||||
Public IP addresses | 3 | Each of the two public load balancers uses a public IP address. The bootstrap machine also uses a public IP address so that you can SSH into the machine to troubleshoot issues during installation. The IP address for the bootstrap node is used only during installation. | |||||||
Private IP addresses | 7 | The internal load balancer, each of the three control plane machines, and each of the three worker machines each use a private IP address. | |||||||
Spot VM vCPUs (optional) | 0 If you configure spot VMs, your cluster must have two spot VM vCPUs for every compute node. | 20 per region | This is an optional component. To use spot VMs, you must increase the Azure default limit to at least twice the number of compute nodes in your cluster. Note Using spot VMs for control plane nodes is not recommended. |
Additional resources
2.2. Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure
To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Microsoft Azure account you use must have a dedicated public hosted DNS zone in your account. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. This service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.
Procedure
Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through Azure or another source.
NoteFor more information about purchasing domains through Azure, see Buy a custom domain name for Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.
- If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to Azure. See Migrate an active DNS name to Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.
Configure DNS for your domain. Follow the steps in the Tutorial: Host your domain in Azure DNS in the Azure documentation to create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain, extract the new authoritative name servers, and update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as
openshiftcorp.com
, or subdomain, such asclusters.openshiftcorp.com
.- If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain.
2.3. Increasing Azure account limits
To increase an account limit, file a support request on the Azure portal.
You can increase only one type of quota per support request.
Procedure
- From the Azure portal, click Help + support in the lower left corner.
Click New support request and then select the required values:
- From the Issue type list, select Service and subscription limits (quotas).
- From the Subscription list, select the subscription to modify.
- From the Quota type list, select the quota to increase. For example, select Compute-VM (cores-vCPUs) subscription limit increases to increase the number of vCPUs, which is required to install a cluster.
- Click Next: Solutions.
On the Problem Details page, provide the required information for your quota increase:
- Click Provide details and provide the required details in the Quota details window.
- In the SUPPORT METHOD and CONTACT INFO sections, provide the issue severity and your contact details.
- Click Next: Review + create and then click Create.
2.4. Required Azure roles
OpenShift Container Platform needs a service principal so it can manage Microsoft Azure resources. Before you can create a service principal, review the following information:
Your Azure account subscription must have the following roles:
-
User Access Administrator
-
Contributor
Your Azure Active Directory (AD) must have the following permission:
-
"microsoft.directory/servicePrincipals/createAsOwner"
To set roles on the Azure portal, see the Manage access to Azure resources using RBAC and the Azure portal in the Azure documentation.
2.5. Required Azure permissions for installer-provisioned infrastructure
When you assign Contributor
and User Access Administrator
roles to the service principal, you automatically grant all the required permissions.
If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a custom role with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for creating an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure.
Example 2.1. Required permissions for creating authorization resources
-
Microsoft.Authorization/policies/audit/action
-
Microsoft.Authorization/policies/auditIfNotExists/action
-
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/read
-
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write
Example 2.2. Required permissions for creating compute resources
-
Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/disks/beginGetAccess/action
-
Microsoft.Compute/disks/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/disks/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/disks/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/powerOff/action
-
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/write
Example 2.3. Required permissions for creating identity management resources
-
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/assign/action
-
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/read
-
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/write
Example 2.4. Required permissions for creating network resources
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/write
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/write
-
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/CNAME/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read
-
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/read
-
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/write
-
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/read
-
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/write
-
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/read
-
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/write
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/read
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/read
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/write
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/read
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/write
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/SOA/read
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/read
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/read
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/write
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/write
-
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/read
-
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/read
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/read
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/write
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/write
The following permissions are not required to create the private OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Azure.
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/write
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/write
-
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/CNAME/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read
Example 2.5. Required permissions for checking the health of resources
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Activated/action
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/InProgress/action
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Pending/action
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Resolved/action
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Updated/action
Example 2.6. Required permissions for creating a resource group
-
Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read
-
Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourcegroups/write
Example 2.7. Required permissions for creating resource tags
-
Microsoft.Resources/tags/write
Example 2.8. Required permissions for creating storage resources
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/read
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers/write
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/read
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/read
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/write
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/delete
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/write
Example 2.9. Optional permissions for creating marketplace virtual machine resources
-
Microsoft.MarketplaceOrdering/offertypes/publishers/offers/plans/agreements/read
-
Microsoft.MarketplaceOrdering/offertypes/publishers/offers/plans/agreements/write
Example 2.10. Optional permissions for creating compute resources
-
Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/images/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/images/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/images/delete
Example 2.11. Optional permissions for enabling user-managed encryption
-
Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/read
-
Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/write
-
Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/delete
-
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/read
-
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/write
-
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/delete
-
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/deploy/action
-
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/keys/read
-
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/keys/write
-
Microsoft.Features/providers/features/register/action
Example 2.12. Optional permissions for installing a private cluster with Azure Network Address Translation (NAT)
-
Microsoft.Network/natGateways/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/natGateways/read
-
Microsoft.Network/natGateways/write
Example 2.13. Optional permissions for installing a private cluster with Azure firewall
-
Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls/applicationRuleCollections/write
-
Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls/read
-
Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls/write
-
Microsoft.Network/routeTables/join/action
-
Microsoft.Network/routeTables/read
-
Microsoft.Network/routeTables/routes/read
-
Microsoft.Network/routeTables/routes/write
-
Microsoft.Network/routeTables/write
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/peer/action
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/virtualNetworkPeerings/read
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/virtualNetworkPeerings/write
Example 2.14. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap
-
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/instanceView/read
The following permissions are required for deleting an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure. You can use the same permissions to delete a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Azure.
Example 2.15. Required permissions for deleting authorization resources
-
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/delete
Example 2.16. Required permissions for deleting compute resources
-
Microsoft.Compute/disks/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/delete
-
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/delete
Example 2.17. Required permissions for deleting identity management resources
-
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/delete
Example 2.18. Required permissions for deleting network resources
-
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/read
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/read
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/delete
The following permissions are not required to delete a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Azure.
-
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/delete
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/read
-
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/delete
Example 2.19. Required permissions for checking the health of resources
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Activated/action
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Resolved/action
-
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Updated/action
Example 2.20. Required permissions for deleting a resource group
-
Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourcegroups/delete
Example 2.21. Required permissions for deleting storage resources
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/delete
-
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Azure, you must scope the permissions to your subscription. Later, you can re-scope these permissions to the installer created resource group. If the public DNS zone is present in a different resource group, then the network DNS zone related permissions must always be applied to your subscription. By default, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program assigns the Azure identity the Contributor
role.
You can scope all the permissions to your subscription when deleting an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
2.6. Creating a service principal
Because OpenShift Container Platform and its installation program create Microsoft Azure resources by using the Azure Resource Manager, you must create a service principal to represent it.
Prerequisites
- Install or update the Azure CLI.
- Your Azure account has the required roles for the subscription that you use.
- If you want to use a custom role, you have created a custom role with the required permissions listed in the Required Azure permissions for installer-provisioned infrastructure section.
Procedure
Log in to the Azure CLI:
$ az login
If your Azure account uses subscriptions, ensure that you are using the right subscription:
View the list of available accounts and record the
tenantId
value for the subscription you want to use for your cluster:$ az account list --refresh
Example output
[ { "cloudName": "AzureCloud", "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80", "isDefault": true, "name": "Subscription Name", "state": "Enabled", "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee", "user": { "name": "you@example.com", "type": "user" } } ]
View your active account details and confirm that the
tenantId
value matches the subscription you want to use:$ az account show
Example output
{ "environmentName": "AzureCloud", "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80", "isDefault": true, "name": "Subscription Name", "state": "Enabled", "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee", 1 "user": { "name": "you@example.com", "type": "user" } }
- 1
- Ensure that the value of the
tenantId
parameter is the correct subscription ID.
If you are not using the right subscription, change the active subscription:
$ az account set -s <subscription_id> 1
- 1
- Specify the subscription ID.
Verify the subscription ID update:
$ az account show
Example output
{ "environmentName": "AzureCloud", "id": "33212d16-bdf6-45cb-b038-f6565b61edda", "isDefault": true, "name": "Subscription Name", "state": "Enabled", "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee", "user": { "name": "you@example.com", "type": "user" } }
-
Record the
tenantId
andid
parameter values from the output. You need these values during the OpenShift Container Platform installation. Create the service principal for your account:
$ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role <role_name> \1 --name <service_principal> \2 --scopes /subscriptions/<subscription_id> 3
Example output
Creating 'Contributor' role assignment under scope '/subscriptions/<subscription_id>' The output includes credentials that you must protect. Be sure that you do not include these credentials in your code or check the credentials into your source control. For more information, see https://aka.ms/azadsp-cli { "appId": "ac461d78-bf4b-4387-ad16-7e32e328aec6", "displayName": <service_principal>", "password": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee" }
-
Record the values of the
appId
andpassword
parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OpenShift Container Platform installation. If you applied the
Contributor
role to your service principal, assign theUser Administrator Access
role by running the following command:$ az role assignment create --role "User Access Administrator" \ --assignee-object-id $(az ad sp show --id <appId> --query id -o tsv) 1
- 1
- Specify the
appId
parameter value for your service principal.
Additional resources
- For more information about CCO modes, see About the Cloud Credential Operator.
2.7. Supported Azure Marketplace regions
Installing a cluster using the Azure Marketplace image is available to customers who purchase the offer in North America and EMEA.
While the offer must be purchased in North America or EMEA, you can deploy the cluster to any of the Azure public partitions that OpenShift Container Platform supports.
Deploying a cluster using the Azure Marketplace image is not supported for the Azure Government regions.
2.8. Supported Azure regions
The installation program dynamically generates the list of available Microsoft Azure regions based on your subscription.
Supported Azure public regions
-
australiacentral
(Australia Central) -
australiaeast
(Australia East) -
australiasoutheast
(Australia South East) -
brazilsouth
(Brazil South) -
canadacentral
(Canada Central) -
canadaeast
(Canada East) -
centralindia
(Central India) -
centralus
(Central US) -
eastasia
(East Asia) -
eastus
(East US) -
eastus2
(East US 2) -
francecentral
(France Central) -
germanywestcentral
(Germany West Central) -
israelcentral
(Israel Central) -
italynorth
(Italy North) -
japaneast
(Japan East) -
japanwest
(Japan West) -
koreacentral
(Korea Central) -
koreasouth
(Korea South) -
mexicocentral
(Mexico Central) -
northcentralus
(North Central US) -
northeurope
(North Europe) -
norwayeast
(Norway East) -
polandcentral
(Poland Central) -
qatarcentral
(Qatar Central) -
southafricanorth
(South Africa North) -
southcentralus
(South Central US) -
southeastasia
(Southeast Asia) -
southindia
(South India) -
swedencentral
(Sweden Central) -
switzerlandnorth
(Switzerland North) -
uaenorth
(UAE North) -
uksouth
(UK South) -
ukwest
(UK West) -
westcentralus
(West Central US) -
westeurope
(West Europe) -
westindia
(West India) -
westus
(West US) -
westus2
(West US 2) -
westus3
(West US 3)
Supported Azure Government regions
Support for the following Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions was added in OpenShift Container Platform version 4.6:
-
usgovtexas
(US Gov Texas) -
usgovvirginia
(US Gov Virginia)
You can reference all available MAG regions in the Azure documentation. Other provided MAG regions are expected to work with OpenShift Container Platform, but have not been tested.
2.9. Next steps
- Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Azure. You can install a customized cluster or quickly install a cluster with default options.
Chapter 3. Manually creating IAM for Azure
In environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system
namespace, you can put the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) into manual mode before you install the cluster.
3.1. Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) manages cloud provider credentials as Kubernetes custom resource definitions (CRDs). You can configure the CCO to suit the security requirements of your organization by setting different values for the credentialsMode
parameter in the install-config.yaml
file.
If you prefer not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system
project, you can set the credentialsMode
parameter for the CCO to Manual
when installing OpenShift Container Platform and manage your cloud credentials manually.
Using manual mode allows each cluster component to have only the permissions it requires, without storing an administrator-level credential in the cluster. You can also use this mode if your environment does not have connectivity to the cloud provider public IAM endpoint. However, you must manually reconcile permissions with new release images for every upgrade. You must also manually supply credentials for every component that requests them.
Additional resources
- For a detailed description of all available CCO credential modes and their supported platforms, see About the Cloud Credential Operator.
3.2. Manually create IAM
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system
namespace.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the
install-config.yaml
file by running the following command:$ openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Edit the
install-config.yaml
configuration file so that it contains thecredentialsMode
parameter set toManual
.Example
install-config.yaml
configuration fileapiVersion: v1 baseDomain: cluster1.example.com credentialsMode: Manual 1 compute: - architecture: amd64 hyperthreading: Enabled ...
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- This line is added to set the
credentialsMode
parameter toManual
.
Generate the manifests by running the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain details of the OpenShift Container Platform release image that your
openshift-install
binary is built to use by running the following command:$ openshift-install version
Example output
release image quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64
Locate all
CredentialsRequest
objects in this release image that target the cloud you are deploying on by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64 \ --credentials-requests \ --cloud=azure
This command creates a YAML file for each
CredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
objectapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component-credentials-request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AzureProviderSpec roleBindings: - role: Contributor ...
Create YAML files for secrets in the
openshift-install
manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in thespec.secretRef
for eachCredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
object with secretsapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component-credentials-request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AzureProviderSpec roleBindings: - role: Contributor ... secretRef: name: <component-secret> namespace: <component-namespace> ...
Sample
Secret
objectapiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: <component-secret> namespace: <component-namespace> data: azure_subscription_id: <base64_encoded_azure_subscription_id> azure_client_id: <base64_encoded_azure_client_id> azure_client_secret: <base64_encoded_azure_client_secret> azure_tenant_id: <base64_encoded_azure_tenant_id> azure_resource_prefix: <base64_encoded_azure_resource_prefix> azure_resourcegroup: <base64_encoded_azure_resourcegroup> azure_region: <base64_encoded_azure_region>
ImportantThe release image includes
CredentialsRequest
objects for Technology Preview features that are enabled by theTechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set. You can identify these objects by their use of therelease.openshift.io/feature-set: TechPreviewNoUpgrade
annotation.- If you are not using any of these features, do not create secrets for these objects. Creating secrets for Technology Preview features that you are not using can cause the installation to fail.
- If you are using any of these features, you must create secrets for the corresponding objects.
To find
CredentialsRequest
objects with theTechPreviewNoUpgrade
annotation, run the following command:$ grep "release.openshift.io/feature-set" *
Example output
0000_30_capi-operator_00_credentials-request.yaml: release.openshift.io/feature-set: TechPreviewNoUpgrade
From the directory that contains the installation program, proceed with your cluster creation:
$ openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory>
ImportantBefore upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.
Additional resources
3.3. Next steps
Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
- Installing a cluster quickly on Azure with default options on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with cloud customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
Chapter 4. Enabling user-managed encryption for Azure
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a cluster with a user-managed encryption key in Azure. To enable this feature, you can prepare an Azure DiskEncryptionSet before installation, modify the install-config.yaml
file, and then perform post-installation steps.
4.1. Preparing an Azure Disk Encryption Set
The OpenShift Container Platform installer can use an existing Disk Encryption Set with a user-managed key. To enable this feature, you can create a Disk Encryption Set in Azure and provide the key to the installer.
Procedure
Set the following environment variables for the Azure resource group by running the following command:
$ export RESOURCEGROUP="<resource_group>" \1 LOCATION="<location>" 2
- 1
- Specifies the name of the Azure resource group where you will create the Disk Encryption Set and encryption key. To avoid losing access to your keys after destroying the cluster, you should create the Disk Encryption Set in a different resource group than the resource group where you install the cluster.
- 2
- Specifies the Azure location where you will create the resource group.
Set the following environment variables for the Azure Key Vault and Disk Encryption Set by running the following command:
$ export KEYVAULT_NAME="<keyvault_name>" \1 KEYVAULT_KEY_NAME="<keyvault_key_name>" \2 DISK_ENCRYPTION_SET_NAME="<disk_encryption_set_name>" 3
Set the environment variable for the ID of your Azure Service Principal by running the following command:
$ export CLUSTER_SP_ID="<service_principal_id>" 1
- 1
- Specifies the ID of the service principal you will use for this installation.
Enable host-level encryption in Azure by running the following commands:
$ az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.Compute" --name "EncryptionAtHost"
$ az feature show --namespace Microsoft.Compute --name EncryptionAtHost
$ az provider register -n Microsoft.Compute
Create an Azure Resource Group to hold the disk encryption set and associated resources by running the following command:
$ az group create --name $RESOURCEGROUP --location $LOCATION
Create an Azure key vault by running the following command:
$ az keyvault create -n $KEYVAULT_NAME -g $RESOURCEGROUP -l $LOCATION \ --enable-purge-protection true
Create an encryption key in the key vault by running the following command:
$ az keyvault key create --vault-name $KEYVAULT_NAME -n $KEYVAULT_KEY_NAME \ --protection software
Capture the ID of the key vault by running the following command:
$ KEYVAULT_ID=$(az keyvault show --name $KEYVAULT_NAME --query "[id]" -o tsv)
Capture the key URL in the key vault by running the following command:
$ KEYVAULT_KEY_URL=$(az keyvault key show --vault-name $KEYVAULT_NAME --name \ $KEYVAULT_KEY_NAME --query "[key.kid]" -o tsv)
Create a disk encryption set by running the following command:
$ az disk-encryption-set create -n $DISK_ENCRYPTION_SET_NAME -l $LOCATION -g \ $RESOURCEGROUP --source-vault $KEYVAULT_ID --key-url $KEYVAULT_KEY_URL
Grant the DiskEncryptionSet resource access to the key vault by running the following commands:
$ DES_IDENTITY=$(az disk-encryption-set show -n $DISK_ENCRYPTION_SET_NAME -g \ $RESOURCEGROUP --query "[identity.principalId]" -o tsv)
$ az keyvault set-policy -n $KEYVAULT_NAME -g $RESOURCEGROUP --object-id \ $DES_IDENTITY --key-permissions wrapkey unwrapkey get
Grant the Azure Service Principal permission to read the DiskEncryptionSet by running the following commands:
$ DES_RESOURCE_ID=$(az disk-encryption-set show -n $DISK_ENCRYPTION_SET_NAME -g \ $RESOURCEGROUP --query "[id]" -o tsv)
$ az role assignment create --assignee $CLUSTER_SP_ID --role "<reader_role>" \1 --scope $DES_RESOURCE_ID -o jsonc
- 1
- Specifies an Azure role with read permissions to the disk encryption set. You can use the
Owner
role or a custom role with the necessary permissions.
4.2. Next steps
Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
- Install a cluster with customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster into an existing VNet on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a private cluster on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster into an government region on installer-provisioned infrastructure
Chapter 5. Installing a cluster quickly on Azure
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a cluster on Microsoft Azure that uses the default configuration options.
5.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured an Azure account to host the cluster and determined the tested and validated region to deploy the cluster to.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-system
namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
5.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
5.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
5.4. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
5.5. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
-
Verify that the directory has the
Provide values at the prompts:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select azure as the platform to target.
If the installation program cannot locate the
osServicePrincipal.json
configuration file, which contains Microsoft Azure profile information, in the~/.azure/
directory on your computer, the installer prompts you to specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal.-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
id
value in your account output. -
azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the
tenantId
value in your account output. -
azure service principal client id: The value of the
appId
parameter for the service principal. azure service principal client secret: The value of the
password
parameter for the service principal.ImportantAfter you enter values for the previously listed parameters, the installation program creates a
osServicePrincipal.json
configuration file and stores this file in the~/.azure/
directory on your computer. These actions ensure that the installation program can load the profile when it is creating an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the target platform.
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.
Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
ImportantAll Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
5.6. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.12. Download and install the new version of oc
.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.12 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
5.7. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
5.8. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
5.9. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
Chapter 6. Installing a cluster on Azure with customizations
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a customized cluster on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Microsoft Azure. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before you install the cluster.
6.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured an Azure account to host the cluster and determined the tested and validated region to deploy the cluster to.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-system
namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. - If you use customer-managed encryption keys, you prepared your Azure environment for encryption.
6.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
6.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
6.4. Selecting an Azure Marketplace image
If you are deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using the Azure Marketplace offering, you must first obtain the Azure Marketplace image. The installation program uses this image to deploy worker nodes. When obtaining your image, consider the following:
-
While the images are the same, the Azure Marketplace publisher is different depending on your region. If you are located in North America, specify
redhat
as the publisher. If you are located in EMEA, specifyredhat-limited
as the publisher. -
The offer includes a
rh-ocp-worker
SKU and arh-ocp-worker-gen1
SKU. Therh-ocp-worker
SKU represents a Hyper-V generation version 2 VM image. The default instance types used in OpenShift Container Platform are version 2 compatible. If you plan to use an instance type that is only version 1 compatible, use the image associated with therh-ocp-worker-gen1
SKU. Therh-ocp-worker-gen1
SKU represents a Hyper-V version 1 VM image.
Installing images with the Azure marketplace is not supported on clusters with 64-bit ARM instances.
Prerequisites
-
You have installed the Azure CLI client
(az)
. - Your Azure account is entitled for the offer and you have logged into this account with the Azure CLI client.
Procedure
Display all of the available OpenShift Container Platform images by running one of the following commands:
North America:
$ az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat -o table
Example output
Offer Publisher Sku Urn Version ------------- -------------- ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- rh-ocp-worker RedHat rh-ocp-worker RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocpworker:4.8.2021122100 4.8.2021122100 rh-ocp-worker RedHat rh-ocp-worker-gen1 RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:4.8.2021122100 4.8.2021122100
EMEA:
$ az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat-limited -o table
Example output
Offer Publisher Sku Urn Version ------------- -------------- ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- rh-ocp-worker redhat-limited rh-ocp-worker redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:4.8.2021122100 4.8.2021122100 rh-ocp-worker redhat-limited rh-ocp-worker-gen1 redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:4.8.2021122100 4.8.2021122100
NoteRegardless of the version of OpenShift Container Platform that you install, the correct version of the Azure Marketplace image to use is 4.8. If required, your VMs are automatically upgraded as part of the installation process.
Inspect the image for your offer by running one of the following commands:
North America:
$ az vm image show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>
EMEA:
$ az vm image show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>
Review the terms of the offer by running one of the following commands:
North America:
$ az vm image terms show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>
EMEA:
$ az vm image terms show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>
Accept the terms of the offering by running one of the following commands:
North America:
$ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>
EMEA:
$ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>
-
Record the image details of your offer. You must update the
compute
section in theinstall-config.yaml
file with values forpublisher
,offer
,sku
, andversion
before deploying the cluster.
Sample install-config.yaml
file with the Azure Marketplace worker nodes
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com compute: - hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker platform: azure: type: Standard_D4s_v5 osImage: publisher: redhat offer: rh-ocp-worker sku: rh-ocp-worker version: 4.8.2021122100 replicas: 3
6.5. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
6.6. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select azure as the platform to target.
If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
id
value in your account output. -
azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the
tenantId
value in your account output. -
azure service principal client id: The value of the
appId
parameter for the service principal. -
azure service principal client secret: The value of the
password
parameter for the service principal.
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.
Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
ImportantAll Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
-
Modify the
install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
6.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml
file.
6.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } } |
6.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
| The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install. |
Either |
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 |
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
6.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing. | String array |
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
| Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates". |
String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
| The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
Required if you use | String |
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
6.6.1.4. Additional Azure configuration parameters
Additional Azure configuration parameters are described in the following table.
By default, if you specify availability zones in the install-config.yaml
file, the installation program distributes the control plane machines and the compute machines across these availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on compute nodes. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of compute machines support |
|
| Defines the Azure instance type for compute machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines. | String list |
| Defines the Azure instance type for control plane machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines. | String list |
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached, and un-managed disks on the VM host. This parameter is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example, |
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. To avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed, this resource group must be different from the resource group where you install the cluster. This value is necessary only if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example, |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| The Azure instance type for control plane and compute machines. | The Azure instance type. |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute and control plane machines. | String list. |
| Enables host-level encryption for control plane machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt control plane machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of control plane machines support |
|
| The name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain. |
String, for example |
| The name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. This resource group must be empty and only used for this specific cluster; the cluster components assume ownership of all resources in the resource group. If you limit the service principal scope of the installation program to this resource group, you must ensure all other resources used by the installation program in your environment have the necessary permissions, such as the public DNS zone and virtual network. Destroying the cluster by using the installation program deletes this resource group. |
String, for example |
| The outbound routing strategy used to connect your cluster to the internet. If you are using user-defined routing, you must have pre-existing networking available where the outbound routing has already been configured prior to installing a cluster. The installation program is not responsible for configuring user-defined routing. |
|
| The name of the Azure region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
| List of availability zones to place machines in. For high availability, specify at least two zones. |
List of zones, for example |
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane and compute machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
The name of the resource group that contains the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. This name cannot be the same as the | String. |
| The name of the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your compute machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
|
The name of the Azure cloud environment that is used to configure the Azure SDK with the appropriate Azure API endpoints. If empty, the default value |
Any valid cloud environment, such as |
| Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. |
|
You cannot customize Azure Availability Zones or Use tags to organize your Azure resources with an Azure cluster.
6.6.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
You are required to use Azure virtual machines that have the premiumIO
parameter set to true
.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
6.6.3. Tested instance types for Azure
The following Microsoft Azure instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 6.1. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture
-
standardBasv2Family
-
standardBSFamily
-
standardBsv2Family
-
standardDADSv5Family
-
standardDASv4Family
-
standardDASv5Family
-
standardDCACCV5Family
-
standardDCADCCV5Family
-
standardDCADSv5Family
-
standardDCASv5Family
-
standardDCSv3Family
-
standardDCSv2Family
-
standardDDCSv3Family
-
standardDDSv4Family
-
standardDDSv5Family
-
standardDLDSv5Family
-
standardDLSv5Family
-
standardDSFamily
-
standardDSv2Family
-
standardDSv2PromoFamily
-
standardDSv3Family
-
standardDSv4Family
-
standardDSv5Family
-
standardEADSv5Family
-
standardEASv4Family
-
standardEASv5Family
-
standardEBDSv5Family
-
standardEBSv5Family
-
standardECACCV5Family
-
standardECADCCV5Family
-
standardECADSv5Family
-
standardECASv5Family
-
standardEDSv4Family
-
standardEDSv5Family
-
standardEIADSv5Family
-
standardEIASv4Family
-
standardEIASv5Family
-
standardEIBDSv5Family
-
standardEIBSv5Family
-
standardEIDSv5Family
-
standardEISv3Family
-
standardEISv5Family
-
standardESv3Family
-
standardESv4Family
-
standardESv5Family
-
standardFXMDVSFamily
-
standardFSFamily
-
standardFSv2Family
-
standardGSFamily
-
standardHBrsv2Family
-
standardHBSFamily
-
standardHBv4Family
-
standardHCSFamily
-
standardHXFamily
-
standardLASv3Family
-
standardLSFamily
-
standardLSv2Family
-
standardLSv3Family
-
standardMDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMISHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMISMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSFamily
-
standardMSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
StandardNCADSA100v4Family
-
Standard NCASv3_T4 Family
-
standardNCSv3Family
-
standardNDSv2Family
-
StandardNGADSV620v1Family
-
standardNPSFamily
-
StandardNVADSA10v5Family
-
standardNVSv3Family
-
standardXEISv4Family
6.6.4. Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures
The following Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 6.2. Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture
-
standardBpsv2Family
-
standardDPSv5Family
-
standardDPDSv5Family
-
standardDPLDSv5Family
-
standardDPLSv5Family
-
standardEPSv5Family
-
standardEPDSv5Family
6.6.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for Azure
You can customize the install-config.yaml
file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 hyperthreading: Enabled 3 4 name: master platform: azure: encryptionAtHost: true ultraSSDCapability: Enabled osDisk: diskSizeGB: 1024 5 diskType: Premium_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id type: Standard_D8s_v3 replicas: 3 compute: 6 - hyperthreading: Enabled 7 name: worker platform: azure: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled type: Standard_D2s_v3 encryptionAtHost: true osDisk: diskSizeGB: 512 8 diskType: Standard_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id zones: 9 - "1" - "2" - "3" replicas: 5 metadata: name: test-cluster 10 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 11 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: azure: defaultMachinePlatform: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled baseDomainResourceGroupName: resource_group 12 region: centralus 13 resourceGroupName: existing_resource_group 14 outboundType: Loadbalancer cloudName: AzurePublicCloud pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 15 fips: false 16 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 17
- 1 10 13 15
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 6
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 7
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger virtual machine types, such as
Standard_D8s_v3
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 8
- You can specify the size of the disk to use in GB. Minimum recommendation for control plane nodes is 1024 GB.
- 9
- Specify a list of zones to deploy your machines to. For high availability, specify at least two zones.
- 11
- The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are
OVNKubernetes
andOpenShiftSDN
. The default value isOVNKubernetes
. - 12
- Specify the name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain.
- 14
- Specify the name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. If undefined, a new resource group is created for the cluster.
- 16
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. - 17
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.
6.6.6. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
Additional resources
- For more details about Accelerated Networking, see Accelerated Networking for Microsoft Azure VMs.
6.7. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
6.8. Finalizing user-managed encryption after installation
If you installed OpenShift Container Platform using a user-managed encryption key, you can complete the installation by creating a new storage class and granting write permissions to the Azure cluster resource group.
Procedure
Obtain the identity of the cluster resource group used by the installer:
If you specified an existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, obtain its Azure identity by running the following command:$ az identity list --resource-group "<existing_resource_group>"
If you did not specify a existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, locate the resource group that the installer created, and then obtain its Azure identity by running the following commands:$ az group list
$ az identity list --resource-group "<installer_created_resource_group>"
Grant a role assignment to the cluster resource group so that it can write to the Disk Encryption Set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --role "<privileged_role>" \1 --assignee "<resource_group_identity>" 2
Obtain the
id
of the disk encryption set you created prior to installation by running the following command:$ az disk-encryption-set show -n <disk_encryption_set_name> \1 --resource-group <resource_group_name> 2
Obtain the identity of the cluster service principal by running the following command:
$ az identity show -g <cluster_resource_group> \1 -n <cluster_service_principal_name> \2 --query principalId --out tsv
Create a role assignment that grants the cluster service principal necessary privileges to the disk encryption set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --assignee <cluster_service_principal_id> \1 --role <privileged_role> \2 --scope <disk_encryption_set_id> \3
Create a storage class that uses the user-managed disk encryption set:
Save the following storage class definition to a file, for example
storage-class-definition.yaml
:kind: StorageClass apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: managed-premium provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk parameters: skuname: Premium_LRS kind: Managed diskEncryptionSetID: "<disk_encryption_set_ID>" 1 resourceGroup: "<resource_group_name>" 2 reclaimPolicy: Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
- 1
- Specifies the ID of the disk encryption set that you created in the prerequisite steps, for example
"/subscriptions/xxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx/resourceGroups/test-encryption/providers/Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/disk-encryption-set-xxxxxx"
. - 2
- Specifies the name of the resource group used by the installer. This is the same resource group from the first step.
Create the storage class
managed-premium
from the file you created by running the following command:$ oc create -f storage-class-definition.yaml
-
Select the
managed-premium
storage class when you create persistent volumes to use encrypted storage.
6.9. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.12. Download and install the new version of oc
.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.12 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
6.10. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
6.11. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
6.12. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
Chapter 7. Installing a cluster on Azure with network customizations
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a cluster with a customized network configuration on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Microsoft Azure. By customizing your network configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations.
You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation, and you can modify only kubeProxy
configuration parameters in a running cluster.
7.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured an Azure account to host the cluster and determined the tested and validated region to deploy the cluster to.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-system
namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. Manual mode can also be used in environments where the cloud IAM APIs are not reachable. - If you use customer-managed encryption keys, you prepared your Azure environment for encryption.
7.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
7.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
7.4. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
7.5. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select azure as the platform to target.
If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
id
value in your account output. -
azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the
tenantId
value in your account output. -
azure service principal client id: The value of the
appId
parameter for the service principal. -
azure service principal client secret: The value of the
password
parameter for the service principal.
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.
Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
ImportantAll Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
-
Modify the
install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
7.5.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml
file.
7.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } } |
7.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
| The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install. |
Either |
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 |
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
7.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing. | String array |
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
| Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates". |
String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
| The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
Required if you use | String |
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
7.5.1.4. Additional Azure configuration parameters
Additional Azure configuration parameters are described in the following table.
By default, if you specify availability zones in the install-config.yaml
file, the installation program distributes the control plane machines and the compute machines across these availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on compute nodes. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of compute machines support |
|
| Defines the Azure instance type for compute machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines. | String list |
| Defines the Azure instance type for control plane machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines. | String list |
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached, and un-managed disks on the VM host. This parameter is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example, |
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. To avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed, this resource group must be different from the resource group where you install the cluster. This value is necessary only if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example, |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| The Azure instance type for control plane and compute machines. | The Azure instance type. |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute and control plane machines. | String list. |
| Enables host-level encryption for control plane machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt control plane machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of control plane machines support |
|
| The name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain. |
String, for example |
| The name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. This resource group must be empty and only used for this specific cluster; the cluster components assume ownership of all resources in the resource group. If you limit the service principal scope of the installation program to this resource group, you must ensure all other resources used by the installation program in your environment have the necessary permissions, such as the public DNS zone and virtual network. Destroying the cluster by using the installation program deletes this resource group. |
String, for example |
| The outbound routing strategy used to connect your cluster to the internet. If you are using user-defined routing, you must have pre-existing networking available where the outbound routing has already been configured prior to installing a cluster. The installation program is not responsible for configuring user-defined routing. |
|
| The name of the Azure region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
| List of availability zones to place machines in. For high availability, specify at least two zones. |
List of zones, for example |
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane and compute machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
The name of the resource group that contains the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. This name cannot be the same as the | String. |
| The name of the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your compute machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
|
The name of the Azure cloud environment that is used to configure the Azure SDK with the appropriate Azure API endpoints. If empty, the default value |
Any valid cloud environment, such as |
| Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. |
|
You cannot customize Azure Availability Zones or Use tags to organize your Azure resources with an Azure cluster.
7.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
You are required to use Azure virtual machines that have the premiumIO
parameter set to true
.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
7.5.3. Tested instance types for Azure
The following Microsoft Azure instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 7.1. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture
-
standardBasv2Family
-
standardBSFamily
-
standardBsv2Family
-
standardDADSv5Family
-
standardDASv4Family
-
standardDASv5Family
-
standardDCACCV5Family
-
standardDCADCCV5Family
-
standardDCADSv5Family
-
standardDCASv5Family
-
standardDCSv3Family
-
standardDCSv2Family
-
standardDDCSv3Family
-
standardDDSv4Family
-
standardDDSv5Family
-
standardDLDSv5Family
-
standardDLSv5Family
-
standardDSFamily
-
standardDSv2Family
-
standardDSv2PromoFamily
-
standardDSv3Family
-
standardDSv4Family
-
standardDSv5Family
-
standardEADSv5Family
-
standardEASv4Family
-
standardEASv5Family
-
standardEBDSv5Family
-
standardEBSv5Family
-
standardECACCV5Family
-
standardECADCCV5Family
-
standardECADSv5Family
-
standardECASv5Family
-
standardEDSv4Family
-
standardEDSv5Family
-
standardEIADSv5Family
-
standardEIASv4Family
-
standardEIASv5Family
-
standardEIBDSv5Family
-
standardEIBSv5Family
-
standardEIDSv5Family
-
standardEISv3Family
-
standardEISv5Family
-
standardESv3Family
-
standardESv4Family
-
standardESv5Family
-
standardFXMDVSFamily
-
standardFSFamily
-
standardFSv2Family
-
standardGSFamily
-
standardHBrsv2Family
-
standardHBSFamily
-
standardHBv4Family
-
standardHCSFamily
-
standardHXFamily
-
standardLASv3Family
-
standardLSFamily
-
standardLSv2Family
-
standardLSv3Family
-
standardMDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMISHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMISMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSFamily
-
standardMSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
StandardNCADSA100v4Family
-
Standard NCASv3_T4 Family
-
standardNCSv3Family
-
standardNDSv2Family
-
StandardNGADSV620v1Family
-
standardNPSFamily
-
StandardNVADSA10v5Family
-
standardNVSv3Family
-
standardXEISv4Family
7.5.4. Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures
The following Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 7.2. Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture
-
standardBpsv2Family
-
standardDPSv5Family
-
standardDPDSv5Family
-
standardDPLDSv5Family
-
standardDPLSv5Family
-
standardEPSv5Family
-
standardEPDSv5Family
7.5.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for Azure
You can customize the install-config.yaml
file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 hyperthreading: Enabled 3 4 name: master platform: azure: encryptionAtHost: true ultraSSDCapability: Enabled osDisk: diskSizeGB: 1024 5 diskType: Premium_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id type: Standard_D8s_v3 replicas: 3 compute: 6 - hyperthreading: Enabled 7 name: worker platform: azure: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled type: Standard_D2s_v3 encryptionAtHost: true osDisk: diskSizeGB: 512 8 diskType: Standard_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id zones: 9 - "1" - "2" - "3" replicas: 5 metadata: name: test-cluster 10 networking: 11 clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 12 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: azure: defaultMachinePlatform: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled baseDomainResourceGroupName: resource_group 13 region: centralus 14 resourceGroupName: existing_resource_group 15 outboundType: Loadbalancer cloudName: AzurePublicCloud pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 16 fips: false 17 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 18
- 1 10 14 16
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 6 11
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 7
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger virtual machine types, such as
Standard_D8s_v3
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 8
- You can specify the size of the disk to use in GB. Minimum recommendation for control plane nodes is 1024 GB.
- 9
- Specify a list of zones to deploy your machines to. For high availability, specify at least two zones.
- 12
- The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are
OVNKubernetes
andOpenShiftSDN
. The default value isOVNKubernetes
. - 13
- Specify the name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain.
- 15
- Specify the name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. If undefined, a new resource group is created for the cluster.
- 17
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. - 18
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.
7.5.6. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
7.6. Network configuration phases
There are two phases prior to OpenShift Container Platform installation where you can customize the network configuration.
- Phase 1
You can customize the following network-related fields in the
install-config.yaml
file before you create the manifest files:-
networking.networkType
-
networking.clusterNetwork
-
networking.serviceNetwork
networking.machineNetwork
For more information on these fields, refer to Installation configuration parameters.
NoteSet the
networking.machineNetwork
to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.ImportantThe CIDR range
172.17.0.0/16
is reserved by libVirt. You cannot use this range or any range that overlaps with this range for any networks in your cluster.
-
- Phase 2
-
After creating the manifest files by running
openshift-install create manifests
, you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify. You can use the manifest to specify advanced network configuration.
You cannot override the values specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml
file during phase 2. However, you can further customize the network plugin during phase 2.
7.7. Specifying advanced network configuration
You can use advanced network configuration for your network plugin to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment. You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.
Customizing your network configuration by modifying the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported.
Prerequisites
-
You have created the
install-config.yaml
file and completed any modifications to it.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
<installation_directory>
specifies the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yaml
file for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named
cluster-network-03-config.yml
in the<installation_directory>/manifests/
directory:apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec:
Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the
cluster-network-03-config.yml
file, such as in the following examples:Specify a different VXLAN port for the OpenShift SDN network provider
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: openshiftSDNConfig: vxlanPort: 4800
Enable IPsec for the OVN-Kubernetes network provider
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: ovnKubernetesConfig: ipsecConfig: {}
-
Optional: Back up the
manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
file. The installation program consumes themanifests/
directory when you create the Ignition config files.
7.8. Cluster Network Operator configuration
The configuration for the cluster network is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration and stored in a custom resource (CR) object that is named cluster
. The CR specifies the fields for the Network
API in the operator.openshift.io
API group.
The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network
API in the Network.config.openshift.io
API group and these fields cannot be changed:
clusterNetwork
- IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.
serviceNetwork
- IP address pool for services.
defaultNetwork.type
- Cluster network plugin, such as OpenShift SDN or OVN-Kubernetes.
You can specify the cluster network plugin configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork
object in the CNO object named cluster
.
7.8.1. Cluster Network Operator configuration object
The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The name of the CNO object. This name is always |
|
| A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example: spec: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/19 hostPrefix: 23 - cidr: 10.128.32.0/19 hostPrefix: 23
You can customize this field only in the |
|
| A block of IP addresses for services. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network. For example: spec: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/14
You can customize this field only in the |
|
| Configures the network plugin for the cluster network. |
|
| The fields for this object specify the kube-proxy configuration. If you are using the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network plugin, the kube-proxy configuration has no effect. |
defaultNetwork object configuration
The values for the defaultNetwork
object are defined in the following table:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Either Note OpenShift Container Platform uses the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin by default. |
|
| This object is only valid for the OpenShift SDN network plugin. |
|
| This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin. |
Configuration for the OpenShift SDN network plugin
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OpenShift SDN network plugin:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Configures the network isolation mode for OpenShift SDN. The default value is
The values |
|
| The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the VXLAN overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.
If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to This value cannot be changed after cluster installation. |
|
|
The port to use for all VXLAN packets. The default value is If you are running in a virtualized environment with existing nodes that are part of another VXLAN network, then you might be required to change this. For example, when running an OpenShift SDN overlay on top of VMware NSX-T, you must select an alternate port for the VXLAN, because both SDNs use the same default VXLAN port number.
On Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can select an alternate port for the VXLAN between port |
Example OpenShift SDN configuration
defaultNetwork: type: OpenShiftSDN openshiftSDNConfig: mode: NetworkPolicy mtu: 1450 vxlanPort: 4789
Configuration for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
| The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.
If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to |
|
|
The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is |
|
| Specify an empty object to enable IPsec encryption. |
|
| Specify a configuration object for customizing network policy audit logging. If unset, the defaults audit log settings are used. |
|
| Optional: Specify a configuration object for customizing how egress traffic is sent to the node gateway. Note While migrating egress traffic, you can expect some disruption to workloads and service traffic until the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) successfully rolls out the changes. |
|
If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the This field cannot be changed after installation. |
The default value is |
|
If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the This field cannot be changed after installation. |
The default value is |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
| integer |
The maximum number of messages to generate every second per node. The default value is |
| integer |
The maximum size for the audit log in bytes. The default value is |
| string | One of the following additional audit log targets:
|
| string |
The syslog facility, such as |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Set this field to
This field has an interaction with the Open vSwitch hardware offloading feature. If you set this field to |
Example OVN-Kubernetes configuration with IPSec enabled
defaultNetwork: type: OVNKubernetes ovnKubernetesConfig: mtu: 1400 genevePort: 6081 ipsecConfig: {}
kubeProxyConfig object configuration
The values for the kubeProxyConfig
object are defined in the following table:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The refresh period for Note
Because of performance improvements introduced in OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 and greater, adjusting the |
|
|
The minimum duration before refreshing kubeProxyConfig: proxyArguments: iptables-min-sync-period: - 0s |
7.9. Configuring hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes
You can configure your cluster to use hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes. This allows a hybrid cluster that supports different node networking configurations. For example, this is necessary to run both Linux and Windows nodes in a cluster.
You must configure hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes during the installation of your cluster. You cannot switch to hybrid networking after the installation process.
Prerequisites
-
You defined
OVNKubernetes
for thenetworking.networkType
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
file. See the installation documentation for configuring OpenShift Container Platform network customizations on your chosen cloud provider for more information.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where:
<installation_directory>
-
Specifies the name of the directory that contains the
install-config.yaml
file for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named
cluster-network-03-config.yml
in the<installation_directory>/manifests/
directory:$ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: EOF
where:
<installation_directory>
-
Specifies the directory name that contains the
manifests/
directory for your cluster.
Open the
cluster-network-03-config.yml
file in an editor and configure OVN-Kubernetes with hybrid networking, such as in the following example:Specify a hybrid networking configuration
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: ovnKubernetesConfig: hybridOverlayConfig: hybridClusterNetwork: 1 - cidr: 10.132.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 hybridOverlayVXLANPort: 9898 2
- 1
- Specify the CIDR configuration used for nodes on the additional overlay network. The
hybridClusterNetwork
CIDR must not overlap with theclusterNetwork
CIDR. - 2
- Specify a custom VXLAN port for the additional overlay network. This is required for running Windows nodes in a cluster installed on vSphere, and must not be configured for any other cloud provider. The custom port can be any open port excluding the default
4789
port. For more information on this requirement, see the Microsoft documentation on Pod-to-pod connectivity between hosts is broken.
NoteWindows Server Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC): Windows Server 2019 is not supported on clusters with a custom
hybridOverlayVXLANPort
value because this Windows server version does not support selecting a custom VXLAN port.-
Save the
cluster-network-03-config.yml
file and quit the text editor. -
Optional: Back up the
manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
file. The installation program deletes themanifests/
directory when creating the cluster.
For more information about using Linux and Windows nodes in the same cluster, see Understanding Windows container workloads.
Additional resources
- For more details about Accelerated Networking, see Accelerated Networking for Microsoft Azure VMs.
7.10. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
7.11. Finalizing user-managed encryption after installation
If you installed OpenShift Container Platform using a user-managed encryption key, you can complete the installation by creating a new storage class and granting write permissions to the Azure cluster resource group.
Procedure
Obtain the identity of the cluster resource group used by the installer:
If you specified an existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, obtain its Azure identity by running the following command:$ az identity list --resource-group "<existing_resource_group>"
If you did not specify a existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, locate the resource group that the installer created, and then obtain its Azure identity by running the following commands:$ az group list
$ az identity list --resource-group "<installer_created_resource_group>"
Grant a role assignment to the cluster resource group so that it can write to the Disk Encryption Set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --role "<privileged_role>" \1 --assignee "<resource_group_identity>" 2
Obtain the
id
of the disk encryption set you created prior to installation by running the following command:$ az disk-encryption-set show -n <disk_encryption_set_name> \1 --resource-group <resource_group_name> 2
Obtain the identity of the cluster service principal by running the following command:
$ az identity show -g <cluster_resource_group> \1 -n <cluster_service_principal_name> \2 --query principalId --out tsv
Create a role assignment that grants the cluster service principal necessary privileges to the disk encryption set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --assignee <cluster_service_principal_id> \1 --role <privileged_role> \2 --scope <disk_encryption_set_id> \3
Create a storage class that uses the user-managed disk encryption set:
Save the following storage class definition to a file, for example
storage-class-definition.yaml
:kind: StorageClass apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: managed-premium provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk parameters: skuname: Premium_LRS kind: Managed diskEncryptionSetID: "<disk_encryption_set_ID>" 1 resourceGroup: "<resource_group_name>" 2 reclaimPolicy: Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
- 1
- Specifies the ID of the disk encryption set that you created in the prerequisite steps, for example
"/subscriptions/xxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx/resourceGroups/test-encryption/providers/Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/disk-encryption-set-xxxxxx"
. - 2
- Specifies the name of the resource group used by the installer. This is the same resource group from the first step.
Create the storage class
managed-premium
from the file you created by running the following command:$ oc create -f storage-class-definition.yaml
-
Select the
managed-premium
storage class when you create persistent volumes to use encrypted storage.
7.12. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.12. Download and install the new version of oc
.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.12 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
7.13. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
7.14. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
7.15. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
Chapter 8. Installing a cluster on Azure into an existing VNet
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a cluster into an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) on Microsoft Azure. The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before you install the cluster.
8.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured an Azure account to host the cluster and determined the tested and validated region to deploy the cluster to.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-system
namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. - If you use customer-managed encryption keys, you prepared your Azure environment for encryption.
8.2. About reusing a VNet for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you can deploy a cluster into an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) in Microsoft Azure. If you do, you must also use existing subnets within the VNet and routing rules.
By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing Azure VNet, you might be able to avoid service limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. This is a good option to use if you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VNet.
8.2.1. Requirements for using your VNet
When you deploy a cluster by using an existing VNet, you must perform additional network configuration before you install the cluster. In installer-provisioned infrastructure clusters, the installer usually creates the following components, but it does not create them when you install into an existing VNet:
- Subnets
- Route tables
- VNets
- Network Security Groups
The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.
If you use a custom VNet, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. The installation program cannot subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use, set route tables for the subnets, or set VNet options like DHCP, so you must do so before you install the cluster.
The cluster must be able to access the resource group that contains the existing VNet and subnets. While all of the resources that the cluster creates are placed in a separate resource group that it creates, some network resources are used from a separate group. Some cluster Operators must be able to access resources in both resource groups. For example, the Machine API controller attaches NICS for the virtual machines that it creates to subnets from the networking resource group.
Your VNet must meet the following characteristics:
-
The VNet’s CIDR block must contain the
Networking.MachineCIDR
range, which is the IP address pool for cluster machines. - The VNet and its subnets must belong to the same resource group, and the subnets must be configured to use Azure-assigned DHCP IP addresses instead of static IP addresses.
You must provide two subnets within your VNet, one for the control plane machines and one for the compute machines. Because Azure distributes machines in different availability zones within the region that you specify, your cluster will have high availability by default.
By default, if you specify availability zones in the install-config.yaml
file, the installation program distributes the control plane machines and the compute machines across these availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.
To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:
- All the specified subnets exist.
- There are two private subnets, one for the control plane machines and one for the compute machines.
- The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for. If required, the installation program creates public load balancers that manage the control plane and worker nodes, and Azure allocates a public IP address to them.
If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VNet, the VNet is not deleted.
8.2.1.1. Network security group requirements
The network security groups for the subnets that host the compute and control plane machines require specific access to ensure that the cluster communication is correct. You must create rules to allow access to the required cluster communication ports.
The network security group rules must be in place before you install the cluster. If you attempt to install a cluster without the required access, the installation program cannot reach the Azure APIs, and installation fails.
Port | Description | Control plane | Compute |
---|---|---|---|
| Allows HTTP traffic | x | |
| Allows HTTPS traffic | x | |
| Allows communication to the control plane machines | x | |
| Allows internal communication to the machine config server for provisioning machines | x |
Currently, there is no supported way to block or restrict the machine config server endpoint. The machine config server must be exposed to the network so that newly-provisioned machines, which have no existing configuration or state, are able to fetch their configuration. In this model, the root of trust is the certificate signing requests (CSR) endpoint, which is where the kubelet sends its certificate signing request for approval to join the cluster. Because of this, machine configs should not be used to distribute sensitive information, such as secrets and certificates.
To ensure that the machine config server endpoints, ports 22623 and 22624, are secured in bare metal scenarios, customers must configure proper network policies.
Because cluster components do not modify the user-provided network security groups, which the Kubernetes controllers update, a pseudo-network security group is created for the Kubernetes controller to modify without impacting the rest of the environment.
Additional resources
8.2.2. Division of permissions
Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resources in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, storage, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VNets, subnet, or ingress rules.
The Azure credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VNets and core networking components within the VNet, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as load balancers, security groups, storage accounts, and nodes.
8.2.3. Isolation between clusters
Because the cluster is unable to modify network security groups in an existing subnet, there is no way to isolate clusters from each other on the VNet.
8.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.4. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.5. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
8.6. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select azure as the platform to target.
If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
id
value in your account output. -
azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the
tenantId
value in your account output. -
azure service principal client id: The value of the
appId
parameter for the service principal. -
azure service principal client secret: The value of the
password
parameter for the service principal.
-
azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.
Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
ImportantAll Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
-
Modify the
install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml
file.
8.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } } |
8.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
| The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install. |
Either |
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 |
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
8.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing. | String array |
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
| Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates". |
String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
| The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
Required if you use | String |
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
8.6.1.4. Additional Azure configuration parameters
Additional Azure configuration parameters are described in the following table.
By default, if you specify availability zones in the install-config.yaml
file, the installation program distributes the control plane machines and the compute machines across these availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on compute nodes. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of compute machines support |
|
| Defines the Azure instance type for compute machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines. | String list |
| Defines the Azure instance type for control plane machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines. | String list |
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached, and un-managed disks on the VM host. This parameter is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example, |
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. To avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed, this resource group must be different from the resource group where you install the cluster. This value is necessary only if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example, |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| The Azure instance type for control plane and compute machines. | The Azure instance type. |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute and control plane machines. | String list. |
| Enables host-level encryption for control plane machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt control plane machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of control plane machines support |
|
| The name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain. |
String, for example |
| The name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. This resource group must be empty and only used for this specific cluster; the cluster components assume ownership of all resources in the resource group. If you limit the service principal scope of the installation program to this resource group, you must ensure all other resources used by the installation program in your environment have the necessary permissions, such as the public DNS zone and virtual network. Destroying the cluster by using the installation program deletes this resource group. |
String, for example |
| The outbound routing strategy used to connect your cluster to the internet. If you are using user-defined routing, you must have pre-existing networking available where the outbound routing has already been configured prior to installing a cluster. The installation program is not responsible for configuring user-defined routing. |
|
| The name of the Azure region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
| List of availability zones to place machines in. For high availability, specify at least two zones. |
List of zones, for example |
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane and compute machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
The name of the resource group that contains the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. This name cannot be the same as the | String. |
| The name of the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your compute machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
|
The name of the Azure cloud environment that is used to configure the Azure SDK with the appropriate Azure API endpoints. If empty, the default value |
Any valid cloud environment, such as |
| Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. |
|
You cannot customize Azure Availability Zones or Use tags to organize your Azure resources with an Azure cluster.
8.6.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
You are required to use Azure virtual machines that have the premiumIO
parameter set to true
.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.6.3. Tested instance types for Azure
The following Microsoft Azure instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.1. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture
-
standardBasv2Family
-
standardBSFamily
-
standardBsv2Family
-
standardDADSv5Family
-
standardDASv4Family
-
standardDASv5Family
-
standardDCACCV5Family
-
standardDCADCCV5Family
-
standardDCADSv5Family
-
standardDCASv5Family
-
standardDCSv3Family
-
standardDCSv2Family
-
standardDDCSv3Family
-
standardDDSv4Family
-
standardDDSv5Family
-
standardDLDSv5Family
-
standardDLSv5Family
-
standardDSFamily
-
standardDSv2Family
-
standardDSv2PromoFamily
-
standardDSv3Family
-
standardDSv4Family
-
standardDSv5Family
-
standardEADSv5Family
-
standardEASv4Family
-
standardEASv5Family
-
standardEBDSv5Family
-
standardEBSv5Family
-
standardECACCV5Family
-
standardECADCCV5Family
-
standardECADSv5Family
-
standardECASv5Family
-
standardEDSv4Family
-
standardEDSv5Family
-
standardEIADSv5Family
-
standardEIASv4Family
-
standardEIASv5Family
-
standardEIBDSv5Family
-
standardEIBSv5Family
-
standardEIDSv5Family
-
standardEISv3Family
-
standardEISv5Family
-
standardESv3Family
-
standardESv4Family
-
standardESv5Family
-
standardFXMDVSFamily
-
standardFSFamily
-
standardFSv2Family
-
standardGSFamily
-
standardHBrsv2Family
-
standardHBSFamily
-
standardHBv4Family
-
standardHCSFamily
-
standardHXFamily
-
standardLASv3Family
-
standardLSFamily
-
standardLSv2Family
-
standardLSv3Family
-
standardMDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMISHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMISMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSFamily
-
standardMSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
StandardNCADSA100v4Family
-
Standard NCASv3_T4 Family
-
standardNCSv3Family
-
standardNDSv2Family
-
StandardNGADSV620v1Family
-
standardNPSFamily
-
StandardNVADSA10v5Family
-
standardNVSv3Family
-
standardXEISv4Family
8.6.4. Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures
The following Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.2. Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture
-
standardBpsv2Family
-
standardDPSv5Family
-
standardDPDSv5Family
-
standardDPLDSv5Family
-
standardDPLSv5Family
-
standardEPSv5Family
-
standardEPDSv5Family
8.6.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for Azure
You can customize the install-config.yaml
file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 hyperthreading: Enabled 3 4 name: master platform: azure: encryptionAtHost: true ultraSSDCapability: Enabled osDisk: diskSizeGB: 1024 5 diskType: Premium_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id type: Standard_D8s_v3 replicas: 3 compute: 6 - hyperthreading: Enabled 7 name: worker platform: azure: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled type: Standard_D2s_v3 encryptionAtHost: true osDisk: diskSizeGB: 512 8 diskType: Standard_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id zones: 9 - "1" - "2" - "3" replicas: 5 metadata: name: test-cluster 10 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 11 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: azure: defaultMachinePlatform: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled baseDomainResourceGroupName: resource_group 12 region: centralus 13 resourceGroupName: existing_resource_group 14 networkResourceGroupName: vnet_resource_group 15 virtualNetwork: vnet 16 controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 17 computeSubnet: compute_subnet 18 outboundType: Loadbalancer cloudName: AzurePublicCloud pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 19 fips: false 20 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 21
- 1 10 13 19
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 6
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 7
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger virtual machine types, such as
Standard_D8s_v3
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 8
- You can specify the size of the disk to use in GB. Minimum recommendation for control plane nodes is 1024 GB.
- 9
- Specify a list of zones to deploy your machines to. For high availability, specify at least two zones.
- 11
- The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are
OVNKubernetes
andOpenShiftSDN
. The default value isOVNKubernetes
. - 12
- Specify the name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain.
- 14
- Specify the name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. If undefined, a new resource group is created for the cluster.
- 15
- If you use an existing VNet, specify the name of the resource group that contains it.
- 16
- If you use an existing VNet, specify its name.
- 17
- If you use an existing VNet, specify the name of the subnet to host the control plane machines.
- 18
- If you use an existing VNet, specify the name of the subnet to host the compute machines.
- 20
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. - 21
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.
8.6.6. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
Additional resources
- For more details about Accelerated Networking, see Accelerated Networking for Microsoft Azure VMs.
8.7. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.8. Finalizing user-managed encryption after installation
If you installed OpenShift Container Platform using a user-managed encryption key, you can complete the installation by creating a new storage class and granting write permissions to the Azure cluster resource group.
Procedure
Obtain the identity of the cluster resource group used by the installer:
If you specified an existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, obtain its Azure identity by running the following command:$ az identity list --resource-group "<existing_resource_group>"
If you did not specify a existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, locate the resource group that the installer created, and then obtain its Azure identity by running the following commands:$ az group list
$ az identity list --resource-group "<installer_created_resource_group>"
Grant a role assignment to the cluster resource group so that it can write to the Disk Encryption Set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --role "<privileged_role>" \1 --assignee "<resource_group_identity>" 2
Obtain the
id
of the disk encryption set you created prior to installation by running the following command:$ az disk-encryption-set show -n <disk_encryption_set_name> \1 --resource-group <resource_group_name> 2
Obtain the identity of the cluster service principal by running the following command:
$ az identity show -g <cluster_resource_group> \1 -n <cluster_service_principal_name> \2 --query principalId --out tsv
Create a role assignment that grants the cluster service principal necessary privileges to the disk encryption set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --assignee <cluster_service_principal_id> \1 --role <privileged_role> \2 --scope <disk_encryption_set_id> \3
Create a storage class that uses the user-managed disk encryption set:
Save the following storage class definition to a file, for example
storage-class-definition.yaml
:kind: StorageClass apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: managed-premium provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk parameters: skuname: Premium_LRS kind: Managed diskEncryptionSetID: "<disk_encryption_set_ID>" 1 resourceGroup: "<resource_group_name>" 2 reclaimPolicy: Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
- 1
- Specifies the ID of the disk encryption set that you created in the prerequisite steps, for example
"/subscriptions/xxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx/resourceGroups/test-encryption/providers/Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/disk-encryption-set-xxxxxx"
. - 2
- Specifies the name of the resource group used by the installer. This is the same resource group from the first step.
Create the storage class
managed-premium
from the file you created by running the following command:$ oc create -f storage-class-definition.yaml
-
Select the
managed-premium
storage class when you create persistent volumes to use encrypted storage.
8.9. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.12. Download and install the new version of oc
.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.12 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
8.10. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
8.11. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.12. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
Chapter 9. Installing a private cluster on Azure
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a private cluster into an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) on Microsoft Azure. The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before you install the cluster.
9.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured an Azure account to host the cluster and determined the tested and validated region to deploy the cluster to.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-system
namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. - If you use customer-managed encryption keys, you prepared your Azure environment for encryption.
9.2. Private clusters
You can deploy a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that does not expose external endpoints. Private clusters are accessible from only an internal network and are not visible to the internet.
By default, OpenShift Container Platform is provisioned to use publicly-accessible DNS and endpoints. A private cluster sets the DNS, Ingress Controller, and API server to private when you deploy your cluster. This means that the cluster resources are only accessible from your internal network and are not visible to the internet.
If the cluster has any public subnets, load balancer services created by administrators might be publicly accessible. To ensure cluster security, verify that these services are explicitly annotated as private.
To deploy a private cluster, you must:
- Use existing networking that meets your requirements. Your cluster resources might be shared between other clusters on the network.
Deploy from a machine that has access to:
- The API services for the cloud to which you provision.
- The hosts on the network that you provision.
- The internet to obtain installation media.
You can use any machine that meets these access requirements and follows your company’s guidelines. For example, this machine can be a bastion host on your cloud network or a machine that has access to the network through a VPN.
9.2.1. Private clusters in Azure
To create a private cluster on Microsoft Azure, you must provide an existing private VNet and subnets to host the cluster. The installation program must also be able to resolve the DNS records that the cluster requires. The installation program configures the Ingress Operator and API server for only internal traffic.
Depending how your network connects to the private VNET, you might need to use a DNS forwarder to resolve the cluster’s private DNS records. The cluster’s machines use 168.63.129.16
internally for DNS resolution. For more information, see What is Azure Private DNS? and What is IP address 168.63.129.16? in the Azure documentation.
The cluster still requires access to internet to access the Azure APIs.
The following items are not required or created when you install a private cluster:
-
A
BaseDomainResourceGroup
, since the cluster does not create public records - Public IP addresses
- Public DNS records
Public endpoints
The cluster is configured so that the Operators do not create public records for the cluster and all cluster machines are placed in the private subnets that you specify.
9.2.1.1. Limitations
Private clusters on Azure are subject to only the limitations that are associated with the use of an existing VNet.
9.2.2. User-defined outbound routing
In OpenShift Container Platform, you can choose your own outbound routing for a cluster to connect to the internet. This allows you to skip the creation of public IP addresses and the public load balancer.
You can configure user-defined routing by modifying parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before installing your cluster. A pre-existing VNet is required to use outbound routing when installing a cluster; the installation program is not responsible for configuring this.
When configuring a cluster to use user-defined routing, the installation program does not create the following resources:
- Outbound rules for access to the internet.
- Public IPs for the public load balancer.
- Kubernetes Service object to add the cluster machines to the public load balancer for outbound requests.
You must ensure the following items are available before setting user-defined routing:
- Egress to the internet is possible to pull container images, unless using an OpenShift image registry mirror.
- The cluster can access Azure APIs.
- Various allowlist endpoints are configured. You can reference these endpoints in the Configuring your firewall section.
There are several pre-existing networking setups that are supported for internet access using user-defined routing.
Private cluster with network address translation
You can use Azure VNET network address translation (NAT) to provide outbound internet access for the subnets in your cluster. You can reference Create a NAT gateway using Azure CLI in the Azure documentation for configuration instructions.
When using a VNet setup with Azure NAT and user-defined routing configured, you can create a private cluster with no public endpoints.
Private cluster with Azure Firewall
You can use Azure Firewall to provide outbound routing for the VNet used to install the cluster. You can learn more about providing user-defined routing with Azure Firewall in the Azure documentation.
When using a VNet setup with Azure Firewall and user-defined routing configured, you can create a private cluster with no public endpoints.
Private cluster with a proxy configuration
You can use a proxy with user-defined routing to allow egress to the internet. You must ensure that cluster Operators do not access Azure APIs using a proxy; Operators must have access to Azure APIs outside of the proxy.
When using the default route table for subnets, with 0.0.0.0/0
populated automatically by Azure, all Azure API requests are routed over Azure’s internal network even though the IP addresses are public. As long as the Network Security Group rules allow egress to Azure API endpoints, proxies with user-defined routing configured allow you to create private clusters with no public endpoints.
Private cluster with no internet access
You can install a private network that restricts all access to the internet, except the Azure API. This is accomplished by mirroring the release image registry locally. Your cluster must have access to the following:
- An OpenShift image registry mirror that allows for pulling container images
- Access to Azure APIs
With these requirements available, you can use user-defined routing to create private clusters with no public endpoints.
9.3. About reusing a VNet for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you can deploy a cluster into an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) in Microsoft Azure. If you do, you must also use existing subnets within the VNet and routing rules.
By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing Azure VNet, you might be able to avoid service limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. This is a good option to use if you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VNet.
9.3.1. Requirements for using your VNet
When you deploy a cluster by using an existing VNet, you must perform additional network configuration before you install the cluster. In installer-provisioned infrastructure clusters, the installer usually creates the following components, but it does not create them when you install into an existing VNet:
- Subnets
- Route tables
- VNets
- Network Security Groups
The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.
If you use a custom VNet, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. The installation program cannot subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use, set route tables for the subnets, or set VNet options like DHCP, so you must do so before you install the cluster.
The cluster must be able to access the resource group that contains the existing VNet and subnets. While all of the resources that the cluster creates are placed in a separate resource group that it creates, some network resources are used from a separate group. Some cluster Operators must be able to access resources in both resource groups. For example, the Machine API controller attaches NICS for the virtual machines that it creates to subnets from the networking resource group.
Your VNet must meet the following characteristics:
-
The VNet’s CIDR block must contain the
Networking.MachineCIDR
range, which is the IP address pool for cluster machines. - The VNet and its subnets must belong to the same resource group, and the subnets must be configured to use Azure-assigned DHCP IP addresses instead of static IP addresses.
You must provide two subnets within your VNet, one for the control plane machines and one for the compute machines. Because Azure distributes machines in different availability zones within the region that you specify, your cluster will have high availability by default.
By default, if you specify availability zones in the install-config.yaml
file, the installation program distributes the control plane machines and the compute machines across these availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.
To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:
- All the specified subnets exist.
- There are two private subnets, one for the control plane machines and one for the compute machines.
- The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.
If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VNet, the VNet is not deleted.
9.3.1.1. Network security group requirements
The network security groups for the subnets that host the compute and control plane machines require specific access to ensure that the cluster communication is correct. You must create rules to allow access to the required cluster communication ports.
The network security group rules must be in place before you install the cluster. If you attempt to install a cluster without the required access, the installation program cannot reach the Azure APIs, and installation fails.
Port | Description | Control plane | Compute |
---|---|---|---|
| Allows HTTP traffic | x | |
| Allows HTTPS traffic | x | |
| Allows communication to the control plane machines | x | |
| Allows internal communication to the machine config server for provisioning machines | x |
Currently, there is no supported way to block or restrict the machine config server endpoint. The machine config server must be exposed to the network so that newly-provisioned machines, which have no existing configuration or state, are able to fetch their configuration. In this model, the root of trust is the certificate signing requests (CSR) endpoint, which is where the kubelet sends its certificate signing request for approval to join the cluster. Because of this, machine configs should not be used to distribute sensitive information, such as secrets and certificates.
To ensure that the machine config server endpoints, ports 22623 and 22624, are secured in bare metal scenarios, customers must configure proper network policies.
Because cluster components do not modify the user-provided network security groups, which the Kubernetes controllers update, a pseudo-network security group is created for the Kubernetes controller to modify without impacting the rest of the environment.
Additional resources
9.3.2. Division of permissions
Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resources in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, storage, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VNets, subnet, or ingress rules.
The Azure credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VNets and core networking components within the VNet, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as load balancers, security groups, storage accounts, and nodes.
9.3.3. Isolation between clusters
Because the cluster is unable to modify network security groups in an existing subnet, there is no way to isolate clusters from each other on the VNet.
9.4. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
9.5. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
9.6. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
9.7. Manually creating the installation configuration file
Installing the cluster requires that you manually create the installation configuration file.
Prerequisites
- You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
- You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:
$ mkdir <installation_directory>
ImportantYou must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Customize the sample
install-config.yaml
file template that is provided and save it in the<installation_directory>
.NoteYou must name this configuration file
install-config.yaml
.Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.
9.7.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml
file.
9.7.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } } |
9.7.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
| The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install. |
Either |
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 |
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
9.7.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing. | String array |
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
| Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates". |
String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
| The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
Required if you use | String |
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
9.7.1.4. Additional Azure configuration parameters
Additional Azure configuration parameters are described in the following table.
By default, if you specify availability zones in the install-config.yaml
file, the installation program distributes the control plane machines and the compute machines across these availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on compute nodes. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of compute machines support |
|
| Defines the Azure instance type for compute machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines. | String list |
| Defines the Azure instance type for control plane machines. | String |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines. | String list |
| Enables host-level encryption for compute machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached, and un-managed disks on the VM host. This parameter is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example, |
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. To avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed, this resource group must be different from the resource group where you install the cluster. This value is necessary only if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example, |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt compute machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| The Azure instance type for control plane and compute machines. | The Azure instance type. |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates compute and control plane machines. | String list. |
| Enables host-level encryption for control plane machines. You can enable this encryption alongside user-managed server-side encryption. This feature encrypts temporary, ephemeral, cached and un-managed disks on the VM host. This is not a prerequisite for user-managed server-side encryption. |
|
| The name of the Azure resource group that contains the disk encryption set from the installation prerequisites. This resource group should be different from the resource group where you install the cluster to avoid deleting your Azure encryption key when the cluster is destroyed. This value is only necessary if you intend to install the cluster with user-managed disk encryption. |
String, for example |
| The name of the disk encryption set that contains the encryption key from the installation prerequisites. |
String, for example |
| Defines the Azure subscription of the disk encryption set where the disk encryption set resides. This secondary disk encryption set is used to encrypt control plane machines. |
String, in the format |
| The Azure disk size for the VM. |
Integer that represents the size of the disk in GB. The default is |
| Defines the type of disk. |
|
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. If instance type of control plane machines support |
|
| The name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain. |
String, for example |
| The name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. This resource group must be empty and only used for this specific cluster; the cluster components assume ownership of all resources in the resource group. If you limit the service principal scope of the installation program to this resource group, you must ensure all other resources used by the installation program in your environment have the necessary permissions, such as the public DNS zone and virtual network. Destroying the cluster by using the installation program deletes this resource group. |
String, for example |
| The outbound routing strategy used to connect your cluster to the internet. If you are using user-defined routing, you must have pre-existing networking available where the outbound routing has already been configured prior to installing a cluster. The installation program is not responsible for configuring user-defined routing. |
|
| The name of the Azure region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
| List of availability zones to place machines in. For high availability, specify at least two zones. |
List of zones, for example |
| Enables the use of Azure ultra disks for persistent storage on control plane and compute machines. This requires that your Azure region and zone have ultra disks available. |
|
|
The name of the resource group that contains the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. This name cannot be the same as the | String. |
| The name of the existing VNet that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
| The name of the existing subnet in your VNet that you want to deploy your compute machines to. |
Valid CIDR, for example |
|
The name of the Azure cloud environment that is used to configure the Azure SDK with the appropriate Azure API endpoints. If empty, the default value |
Any valid cloud environment, such as |
| Enables accelerated networking. Accelerated networking enables single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to a VM, improving its networking performance. |
|
You cannot customize Azure Availability Zones or Use tags to organize your Azure resources with an Azure cluster.
9.7.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
You are required to use Azure virtual machines that have the premiumIO
parameter set to true
.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
9.7.3. Tested instance types for Azure
The following Microsoft Azure instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 9.1. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture
-
standardBasv2Family
-
standardBSFamily
-
standardBsv2Family
-
standardDADSv5Family
-
standardDASv4Family
-
standardDASv5Family
-
standardDCACCV5Family
-
standardDCADCCV5Family
-
standardDCADSv5Family
-
standardDCASv5Family
-
standardDCSv3Family
-
standardDCSv2Family
-
standardDDCSv3Family
-
standardDDSv4Family
-
standardDDSv5Family
-
standardDLDSv5Family
-
standardDLSv5Family
-
standardDSFamily
-
standardDSv2Family
-
standardDSv2PromoFamily
-
standardDSv3Family
-
standardDSv4Family
-
standardDSv5Family
-
standardEADSv5Family
-
standardEASv4Family
-
standardEASv5Family
-
standardEBDSv5Family
-
standardEBSv5Family
-
standardECACCV5Family
-
standardECADCCV5Family
-
standardECADSv5Family
-
standardECASv5Family
-
standardEDSv4Family
-
standardEDSv5Family
-
standardEIADSv5Family
-
standardEIASv4Family
-
standardEIASv5Family
-
standardEIBDSv5Family
-
standardEIBSv5Family
-
standardEIDSv5Family
-
standardEISv3Family
-
standardEISv5Family
-
standardESv3Family
-
standardESv4Family
-
standardESv5Family
-
standardFXMDVSFamily
-
standardFSFamily
-
standardFSv2Family
-
standardGSFamily
-
standardHBrsv2Family
-
standardHBSFamily
-
standardHBv4Family
-
standardHCSFamily
-
standardHXFamily
-
standardLASv3Family
-
standardLSFamily
-
standardLSv2Family
-
standardLSv3Family
-
standardMDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMDSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMIDSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMISHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMISMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSFamily
-
standardMSHighMemoryv3Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv2Family
-
standardMSMediumMemoryv3Family
-
StandardNCADSA100v4Family
-
Standard NCASv3_T4 Family
-
standardNCSv3Family
-
standardNDSv2Family
-
StandardNGADSV620v1Family
-
standardNPSFamily
-
StandardNVADSA10v5Family
-
standardNVSv3Family
-
standardXEISv4Family
9.7.4. Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures
The following Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 9.2. Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture
-
standardBpsv2Family
-
standardDPSv5Family
-
standardDPDSv5Family
-
standardDPLDSv5Family
-
standardDPLSv5Family
-
standardEPSv5Family
-
standardEPDSv5Family
9.7.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for Azure
You can customize the install-config.yaml
file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 hyperthreading: Enabled 3 4 name: master platform: azure: encryptionAtHost: true ultraSSDCapability: Enabled osDisk: diskSizeGB: 1024 5 diskType: Premium_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id type: Standard_D8s_v3 replicas: 3 compute: 6 - hyperthreading: Enabled 7 name: worker platform: azure: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled type: Standard_D2s_v3 encryptionAtHost: true osDisk: diskSizeGB: 512 8 diskType: Standard_LRS diskEncryptionSet: resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group name: disk_encryption_set_name subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id zones: 9 - "1" - "2" - "3" replicas: 5 metadata: name: test-cluster 10 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 11 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: azure: defaultMachinePlatform: ultraSSDCapability: Enabled baseDomainResourceGroupName: resource_group 12 region: centralus 13 resourceGroupName: existing_resource_group 14 networkResourceGroupName: vnet_resource_group 15 virtualNetwork: vnet 16 controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 17 computeSubnet: compute_subnet 18 outboundType: UserDefinedRouting 19 cloudName: AzurePublicCloud pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 20 fips: false 21 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 22 publish: Internal 23
- 1 10 13 20
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 6
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 7
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger virtual machine types, such as
Standard_D8s_v3
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 8
- You can specify the size of the disk to use in GB. Minimum recommendation for control plane nodes is 1024 GB.
- 9
- Specify a list of zones to deploy your machines to. For high availability, specify at least two zones.
- 11
- The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are
OVNKubernetes
andOpenShiftSDN
. The default value isOVNKubernetes
. - 12
- Specify the name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain.
- 14
- Specify the name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. If undefined, a new resource group is created for the cluster.
- 15
- If you use an existing VNet, specify the name of the resource group that contains it.
- 16
- If you use an existing VNet, specify its name.
- 17
- If you use an existing VNet, specify the name of the subnet to host the control plane machines.
- 18
- If you use an existing VNet, specify the name of the subnet to host the compute machines.
- 19
- You can customize your own outbound routing. Configuring user-defined routing prevents exposing external endpoints in your cluster. User-defined routing for egress requires deploying your cluster to an existing VNet.
- 21
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures. - 22
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses. - 23
- How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set
publish
toInternal
to deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value isExternal
.
9.7.6. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
Additional resources
- For more details about Accelerated Networking, see Accelerated Networking for Microsoft Azure VMs.
9.8. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
9.9. Finalizing user-managed encryption after installation
If you installed OpenShift Container Platform using a user-managed encryption key, you can complete the installation by creating a new storage class and granting write permissions to the Azure cluster resource group.
Procedure
Obtain the identity of the cluster resource group used by the installer:
If you specified an existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, obtain its Azure identity by running the following command:$ az identity list --resource-group "<existing_resource_group>"
If you did not specify a existing resource group in
install-config.yaml
, locate the resource group that the installer created, and then obtain its Azure identity by running the following commands:$ az group list
$ az identity list --resource-group "<installer_created_resource_group>"
Grant a role assignment to the cluster resource group so that it can write to the Disk Encryption Set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --role "<privileged_role>" \1 --assignee "<resource_group_identity>" 2
Obtain the
id
of the disk encryption set you created prior to installation by running the following command:$ az disk-encryption-set show -n <disk_encryption_set_name> \1 --resource-group <resource_group_name> 2
Obtain the identity of the cluster service principal by running the following command:
$ az identity show -g <cluster_resource_group> \1 -n <cluster_service_principal_name> \2 --query principalId --out tsv
Create a role assignment that grants the cluster service principal necessary privileges to the disk encryption set by running the following command:
$ az role assignment create --assignee <cluster_service_principal_id> \1 --role <privileged_role> \2 --scope <disk_encryption_set_id> \3
Create a storage class that uses the user-managed disk encryption set:
Save the following storage class definition to a file, for example
storage-class-definition.yaml
:kind: StorageClass apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: managed-premium provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk parameters: skuname: Premium_LRS kind: Managed diskEncryptionSetID: "<disk_encryption_set_ID>" 1 resourceGroup: "<resource_group_name>" 2 reclaimPolicy: Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
- 1
- Specifies the ID of the disk encryption set that you created in the prerequisite steps, for example
"/subscriptions/xxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx/resourceGroups/test-encryption/providers/Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/disk-encryption-set-xxxxxx"
. - 2
- Specifies the name of the resource group used by the installer. This is the same resource group from the first step.
Create the storage class
managed-premium
from the file you created by running the following command:$ oc create -f storage-class-definition.yaml
-
Select the
managed-premium
storage class when you create persistent volumes to use encrypted storage.
9.10. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.12. Download and install the new version of oc
.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a dire