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Installing

OpenShift Container Platform 4.9

Installing and configuring OpenShift Container Platform clusters

Red Hat OpenShift Documentation Team

Abstract

This document provides information about installing OpenShift Container Platform and details about some configuration processes.

The OpenShift Container Platform installation program offers you flexibility. You can use the installation program to deploy a cluster on infrastructure that the installation program provisions and the cluster maintains or deploy a cluster on infrastructure that you prepare and maintain.

These two basic types of OpenShift Container Platform clusters are frequently called installer-provisioned infrastructure clusters and user-provisioned infrastructure clusters.

Both types of clusters have the following characteristics:

  • Highly available infrastructure with no single points of failure is available by default
  • Administrators maintain control over what updates are applied and when

You use the same installation program to deploy both types of clusters. The main assets generated by the installation program are the Ignition config files for the bootstrap, master, and worker machines. With these three configurations and correctly configured infrastructure, you can start an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

The OpenShift Container Platform installation program uses a set of targets and dependencies to manage cluster installation. The installation program has a set of targets that it must achieve, and each target has a set of dependencies. Because each target is only concerned with its own dependencies, the installation program can act to achieve multiple targets in parallel. The ultimate target is a running cluster. By meeting dependencies instead of running commands, the installation program is able to recognize and use existing components instead of running the commands to create them again.

The following diagram shows a subset of the installation targets and dependencies:

Figure 1.1. OpenShift Container Platform installation targets and dependencies

OpenShift Container Platform installation targets and dependencies

After installation, each cluster machine uses Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. RHCOS is the immutable container host version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and features a RHEL kernel with SELinux enabled by default. It includes the kubelet, which is the Kubernetes node agent, and the CRI-O container runtime, which is optimized for Kubernetes.

Every control plane machine in an OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 cluster must use RHCOS, which includes a critical first-boot provisioning tool called Ignition. This tool enables the cluster to configure the machines. Operating system updates are delivered as an Atomic OSTree repository that is embedded in a container image that is rolled out across the cluster by an Operator. Actual operating system changes are made in-place on each machine as an atomic operation by using rpm-ostree. Together, these technologies enable OpenShift Container Platform to manage the operating system like it manages any other application on the cluster, via in-place upgrades that keep the entire platform up-to-date. These in-place updates can reduce the burden on operations teams.

If you use RHCOS as the operating system for all cluster machines, the cluster manages all aspects of its components and machines, including the operating system. Because of this, only the installation program and the Machine Config Operator can change machines. The installation program uses Ignition config files to set the exact state of each machine, and the Machine Config Operator completes more changes to the machines, such as the application of new certificates or keys, after installation.

1.1.1. Installation process
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When you install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you download the installation program from the appropriate Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. This site manages:

  • REST API for accounts
  • Registry tokens, which are the pull secrets that you use to obtain the required components
  • Cluster registration, which associates the cluster identity to your Red Hat account to facilitate the gathering of usage metrics

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the installation program is a Go binary file that performs a series of file transformations on a set of assets. The way you interact with the installation program differs depending on your installation type.

  • For clusters with installer-provisioned infrastructure, you delegate the infrastructure bootstrapping and provisioning to the installation program instead of doing it yourself. The installation program creates all of the networking, machines, and operating systems that are required to support the cluster.
  • If you provision and manage the infrastructure for your cluster, you must provide all of the cluster infrastructure and resources, including the bootstrap machine, networking, load balancing, storage, and individual cluster machines.

You use three sets of files during installation: an installation configuration file that is named install-config.yaml, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files for your machine types.

Important

It is possible to modify Kubernetes and the Ignition config files that control the underlying RHCOS operating system during installation. However, no validation is available to confirm the suitability of any modifications that you make to these objects. If you modify these objects, you might render your cluster non-functional. Because of this risk, modifying Kubernetes and Ignition config files is not supported unless you are following documented procedures or are instructed to do so by Red Hat support.

The installation configuration file is transformed into Kubernetes manifests, and then the manifests are wrapped into Ignition config files. The installation program uses these Ignition config files to create the cluster.

The installation configuration files are all pruned when you run the installation program, so be sure to back up all configuration files that you want to use again.

Important

You cannot modify the parameters that you set during installation, but you can modify many cluster attributes after installation.

The installation process with installer-provisioned infrastructure

The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure. By default, the installation program acts as an installation wizard, prompting you for values that it cannot determine on its own and providing reasonable default values for the remaining parameters. You can also customize the installation process to support advanced infrastructure scenarios. The installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster.

You can install either a standard cluster or a customized cluster. With a standard cluster, you provide minimum details that are required to install the cluster. With a customized cluster, you can specify more details about the platform, such as the number of machines that the control plane uses, the type of virtual machine that the cluster deploys, or the CIDR range for the Kubernetes service network.

If possible, use this feature to avoid having to provision and maintain the cluster infrastructure. In all other environments, you use the installation program to generate the assets that you require to provision your cluster infrastructure.

With installer-provisioned infrastructure clusters, OpenShift Container Platform manages all aspects of the cluster, including the operating system itself. Each machine boots with a configuration that references resources hosted in the cluster that it joins. This configuration allows the cluster to manage itself as updates are applied.

The installation process with user-provisioned infrastructure

You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provide. You use the installation program to generate the assets that you require to provision the cluster infrastructure, create the cluster infrastructure, and then deploy the cluster to the infrastructure that you provided.

If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisioned, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself, including:

  • The underlying infrastructure for the control plane and compute machines that make up the cluster
  • Load balancers
  • Cluster networking, including the DNS records and required subnets
  • Storage for the cluster infrastructure and applications

If your cluster uses user-provisioned infrastructure, you have the option of adding RHEL compute machines to your cluster.

Installation process details

Because each machine in the cluster requires information about the cluster when it is provisioned, OpenShift Container Platform uses a temporary bootstrap machine during initial configuration to provide the required information to the permanent control plane. It boots by using an Ignition config file that describes how to create the cluster. The bootstrap machine creates the control plane machines that make up the control plane. The control plane machines then create the compute machines, which are also known as worker machines. The following figure illustrates this process:

Figure 1.2. Creating the bootstrap, control plane, and compute machines

Creating bootstrap

After the cluster machines initialize, the bootstrap machine is destroyed. All clusters use the bootstrap process to initialize the cluster, but if you provision the infrastructure for your cluster, you must complete many of the steps manually.

Important
  • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
  • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Bootstrapping a cluster involves the following steps:

  1. The bootstrap machine boots and starts hosting the remote resources required for the control plane machines to boot. (Requires manual intervention if you provision the infrastructure)
  2. The bootstrap machine starts a single-node etcd cluster and a temporary Kubernetes control plane.
  3. The control plane machines fetch the remote resources from the bootstrap machine and finish booting. (Requires manual intervention if you provision the infrastructure)
  4. The temporary control plane schedules the production control plane to the production control plane machines.
  5. The Cluster Version Operator (CVO) comes online and installs the etcd Operator. The etcd Operator scales up etcd on all control plane nodes.
  6. The temporary control plane shuts down and passes control to the production control plane.
  7. The bootstrap machine injects OpenShift Container Platform components into the production control plane.
  8. The installation program shuts down the bootstrap machine. (Requires manual intervention if you provision the infrastructure)
  9. The control plane sets up the compute nodes.
  10. The control plane installs additional services in the form of a set of Operators.

The result of this bootstrapping process is a running OpenShift Container Platform cluster. The cluster then downloads and configures remaining components needed for the day-to-day operation, including the creation of compute machines in supported environments.

1.1.2. Verifying node state after installation
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The OpenShift Container Platform installation completes when the following installation health checks are successful:

  • The provisioning host can access the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
  • All control plane nodes are ready.
  • All cluster Operators are available.
Note

After the installation completes, the specific cluster Operators responsible for the worker nodes continuously attempt to provision all worker nodes. It can take some time before all worker nodes report as READY. For installations on bare metal, wait a minimum of 60 minutes before troubleshooting a worker node. For installations on all other platforms, wait a minimum of 40 minutes before troubleshooting a worker node. A DEGRADED state for the cluster Operators responsible for the worker nodes depends on the Operators' own resources and not on the state of the nodes.

After your installation completes, you can continue to monitor the condition of the nodes in your cluster using the following steps.

Prerequisites

  • The installation program resolves successfully in the terminal.

Procedure

  1. Show the status of all worker nodes: 

    $ oc get nodes
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    Example output

    NAME                           STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
example-compute1.example.com   Ready    worker   13m   v1.21.6+bb8d50a
example-compute2.example.com   Ready    worker   13m   v1.21.6+bb8d50a
example-compute4.example.com   Ready    worker   14m   v1.21.6+bb8d50a
example-control1.example.com   Ready    master   52m   v1.21.6+bb8d50a
example-control2.example.com   Ready    master   55m   v1.21.6+bb8d50a
example-control3.example.com   Ready    master   55m   v1.21.6+bb8d50a
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Show the phase of all worker machine nodes: 

    $ oc get machines -A
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    Example output

    NAMESPACE               NAME                           PHASE         TYPE   REGION   ZONE   AGE
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-master-0         Running                              95m
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-master-1         Running                              95m
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-master-2         Running                              95m
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-worker-0-25bhp   Running                              49m
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-worker-0-8b4c2   Running                              49m
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-worker-0-jkbqt   Running                              49m
openshift-machine-api   example-zbbt6-worker-0-qrl5b   Running                              49m
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Installation scope

The scope of the OpenShift Container Platform installation program is intentionally narrow. It is designed for simplicity and ensured success. You can complete many more configuration tasks after installation completes.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can install a cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure on the following platforms:

  • Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
  • Microsoft Azure

  • Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) versions 16.1 and 16.2

  • Red Hat Virtualization (RHV)
  • VMware vSphere
  • VMware Cloud (VMC) on AWS
  • Bare metal

For these clusters, all machines, including the computer that you run the installation process on, must have direct internet access to pull images for platform containers and provide telemetry data to Red Hat.

Important

After installation, the following changes are not supported:

  • Mixing cloud provider platforms
  • Mixing cloud provider components, such as using a persistent storage framework from a differing platform than what the cluster is installed on

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can install a cluster that uses user-provisioned infrastructure on the following platforms:

  • AWS
  • Azure
  • Azure Stack Hub
  • GCP
  • RHOSP versions 16.1 and 16.2
  • RHV
  • VMware vSphere
  • VMware Cloud on AWS
  • Bare metal
  • IBM Z or LinuxONE
  • IBM Power

Depending on the supported cases for the platform, installations on user-provisioned infrastructure allow you to run machines with full internet access, place your cluster behind a proxy, or perform a restricted network installation. In a restricted network installation, you can download the images that are required to install a cluster, place them in a mirror registry, and use that data to install your cluster. While you require internet access to pull images for platform containers, with a restricted network installation on vSphere or bare metal infrastructure, your cluster machines do not require direct internet access.

The OpenShift Container Platform 4.x Tested Integrations page contains details about integration testing for different platforms.

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, decide what kind of installation process to follow and make sure you that you have all of the required resources to prepare the cluster for users.

2.1. Selecting a cluster installation type
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Before you install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you need to select the best installation instructions to follow. Think about your answers to the following questions to select the best option.

If you want to install and manage OpenShift Container Platform yourself, you can install it on the following platforms:

  • Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Microsoft Azure
  • Microsoft Azure Stack Hub
  • Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
  • Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP)
  • Red Hat Virtualization (RHV)
  • IBM Z and LinuxONE
  • IBM Z and LinuxONE for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) KVM
  • IBM Power
  • VMware vSphere
  • VMware Cloud (VMC) on AWS
  • Bare metal or other platform agnostic infrastructure

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform 4 cluster to both on-premise hardware and to cloud hosting services, but all of the machines in a cluster must be in the same datacenter or cloud hosting service.

If you want to use OpenShift Container Platform but do not want to manage the cluster yourself, you have several managed service options. If you want a cluster that is fully managed by Red Hat, you can use OpenShift Dedicated or OpenShift Online. You can also use OpenShift as a managed service on Azure, AWS, IBM Cloud, or Google Cloud. For more information about managed services, see the OpenShift Products page. If you install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with a cloud virtual machine as a virtual bare metal, the corresponding cloud-based storage is not supported.

If you used OpenShift Container Platform 3 and want to try OpenShift Container Platform 4, you need to understand how different OpenShift Container Platform 4 is. OpenShift Container Platform 4 weaves the Operators that package, deploy, and manage Kubernetes applications and the operating system that the platform runs on, Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), together seamlessly. Instead of deploying machines and configuring their operating systems so that you can install OpenShift Container Platform on them, the RHCOS operating system is an integral part of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Deploying the operating system for the cluster machines as part of the installation process for OpenShift Container Platform. See Comparing OpenShift Container Platform 3 and OpenShift Container Platform 4.

Because you need to provision machines as part of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster installation process, you cannot upgrade an OpenShift Container Platform 3 cluster to OpenShift Container Platform 4. Instead, you must create a new OpenShift Container Platform 4 cluster and migrate your OpenShift Container Platform 3 workloads to them. For more information about migrating, see OpenShift Migration Best Practices. Because you must migrate to OpenShift Container Platform 4, you can use any type of production cluster installation process to create your new cluster.

Because the operating system is integral to OpenShift Container Platform, it is easier to let the installation program for OpenShift Container Platform stand up all of the infrastructure. These are called installer provisioned infrastructure installations. In this type of installation, you can provide some existing infrastructure to the cluster, but the installation program deploys all of the machines that your cluster initially needs.

You can deploy an installer-provisioned infrastructure cluster without specifying any customizations to the cluster or its underlying machines to AWS, Azure, GCP, or VMC on AWS. These installation methods are the fastest way to deploy a production-capable OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

If you need to perform basic configuration for your installer-provisioned infrastructure cluster, such as the instance type for the cluster machines, you can customize an installation for AWS, Azure, GCP, or VMC on AWS.

For installer-provisioned infrastructure installations, you can use an existing VPC in AWS, vNet in Azure, or VPC in GCP. You can also reuse part of your networking infrastructure so that your cluster in AWS, Azure, GCP, or VMC on AWS can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations. If you have existing accounts and credentials on these clouds, you can re-use them, but you might need to modify the accounts to have the required permissions to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters on them.

You can use the installer-provisioned infrastructure method to create appropriate machine instances on your hardware for RHOSP, RHOSP with Kuryr, RHOSP on SR-IOV, RHV, vSphere, and bare metal. Additionally, for vSphere, VMC on AWS, you can also customize additional network parameters during installation.

If you want to reuse extensive cloud infrastructure, you can complete a user-provisioned infrastructure installation. With these installations, you manually deploy the machines that your cluster requires during the installation process. If you perform a user-provisioned infrastructure installation on AWS, Azure, Azure Stack Hub, GCP, or VMC on AWS, you can use the provided templates to help you stand up all of the required components. You can also reuse a shared VPC on GCP. Otherwise, you can use the provider-agnostic installation method to deploy a cluster into other clouds.

You can also complete a user-provisioned infrastructure installation on your existing hardware. If you use RHOSP, RHOSP on SR-IOV, RHV, IBM Z or LinuxONE, IBM Z or LinuxONE with RHEL KVM, IBM Power, or vSphere, use the specific installation instructions to deploy your cluster. If you use other supported hardware, follow the bare metal installation procedure. For some of these platforms, such as RHOSP, vSphere, VMC on AWS, and bare metal, you can also customize additional network parameters during installation.

If you use a user-provisioned installation method, you can configure a proxy for your cluster. The instructions are included in each installation procedure.

If you want to prevent your cluster on a public cloud from exposing endpoints externally, you can deploy a private cluster with installer-provisioned infrastructure on AWS, Azure, or GCP.

If you need to install your cluster that has limited access to the internet, such as a disconnected or restricted network cluster, you can mirror the installation packages and install the cluster from them. Follow detailed instructions for user provisioned infrastructure installations into restricted networks for AWS, GCP, IBM Z or LinuxONE, IBM Z or LinuxONE with RHEL KVM, IBM Power, vSphere, VMC on AWS, or bare metal. You can also install a cluster into a restricted network using installer-provisioned infrastructure by following detailed instructions for AWS, GCP, VMC on AWS, RHOSP, RHV, and vSphere.

If you need to deploy your cluster to an AWS GovCloud region, AWS China region, or Azure government region, you can configure those custom regions during an installer-provisioned infrastructure installation.

You can also configure the cluster machines to use FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries during installation.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Some configuration is not required to install the cluster but recommended before your users access the cluster. You can customize the cluster itself by customizing the Operators that make up your cluster and integrate you cluster with other required systems, such as an identity provider.

For a production cluster, you must configure the following integrations:

2.3. Preparing your cluster for workloads
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Depending on your workload needs, you might need to take extra steps before you begin deploying applications. For example, after you prepare infrastructure to support your application build strategy, you might need to make provisions for low-latency workloads or to protect sensitive workloads. You can also configure monitoring for application workloads. If you plan to run Windows workloads, you must enable hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes during the installation process; hybrid networking cannot be enabled after your cluster is installed.

You can perform different types of installations on different platforms.

Note

Not all installation options are supported for all platforms, as shown in the following tables. A checkmark indicates that the option is supported and links to the relevant section.

Expand
Table 2.1. Installer-provisioned infrastructure options
 AWSAzureGCPRHOSPRHOSP on SR-IOVRHVBare metalvSphereVMCIBM ZIBM Power

Default

✓

✓

✓

  

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

Custom

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

 

✓

✓

  

Network customization

✓

✓

✓

✓

   

✓

✓

  

Restricted network

✓

 

✓

✓

 

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

Private clusters

✓

✓

✓

        

Existing virtual private networks

✓

✓

✓

        

Government regions

✓

✓

         

China regions

✓

          
Expand
Table 2.2. User-provisioned infrastructure options
 AWSAzureAzure Stack HubGCPRHOSPRHOSP on SR-IOVRHVBare metalvSphereVMCIBM ZIBM Z with RHEL KVMIBM PowerPlatform agnostic

Custom

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Network customization

    

✓

  

✓

✓

✓

    

Restricted network

✓

  

✓

  

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

 

Shared VPC hosted outside of cluster project

   

✓

          

You can use the procedures in this section to ensure your clusters only use container images that satisfy your organizational controls on external content. Before you install a cluster on infrastructure that you provision in a restricted network, you must mirror the required container images into that environment. To mirror container images, you must have a registry for mirroring.

Important

You must have access to the internet to obtain the necessary container images. In this procedure, you place your mirror registry on a mirror host that has access to both your network and the Internet. If you do not have access to a mirror host, use the Mirroring Operator catalogs for use with disconnected clusters procedure to copy images to a device you can move across network boundaries with.

3.1. Prerequisites
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  • You must have a container image registry that supports Docker v2-2 in the location that will host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster, such as one of the following registries:

    If you have an entitlement to Red Hat Quay, see the documentation on deploying Red Hat Quay for proof-of-concept purposes or by using the Quay Operator. If you need additional assistance selecting and installing a registry, contact your sales representative or Red Hat support.

  • If you do not already have an existing solution for a container image registry, subscribers of OpenShift Container Platform are provided a mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift. The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is included with your subscription and is a small-scale container registry that can be used to mirror the required container images of OpenShift Container Platform in disconnected installations.

3.2. About the mirror registry
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You can mirror the images that are required for OpenShift Container Platform installation and subsequent product updates to a container mirror registry such as Red Hat Quay, JFrog Artifactory, Sonatype Nexus Repository, or Harbor. If you do not have access to a large-scale container registry, you can use the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift, a small-scale container registry included with OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions.

You can use any container registry that supports Docker v2-2, such as Red Hat Quay, the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift, Artifactory, Sonatype Nexus Repository, or Harbor. Regardless of your chosen registry, the procedure to mirror content from Red Hat hosted sites on the internet to an isolated image registry is the same. After you mirror the content, you configure each cluster to retrieve this content from your mirror registry.

Important

The internal registry of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster cannot be used as the target registry because it does not support pushing without a tag, which is required during the mirroring process.

If choosing a container registry that is not the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift, it must be reachable by every machine in the clusters that you provision. If the registry is unreachable, installation, updating, or normal operations such as workload relocation might fail. For that reason, you must run mirror registries in a highly available way, and the mirror registries must at least match the production availability of your OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

When you populate your mirror registry with OpenShift Container Platform images, you can follow two scenarios. If you have a host that can access both the internet and your mirror registry, but not your cluster nodes, you can directly mirror the content from that machine. This process is referred to as connected mirroring. If you have no such host, you must mirror the images to a file system and then bring that host or removable media into your restricted environment. This process is referred to as disconnected mirroring.

For mirrored registries, to view the source of pulled images, you must review the Trying to access log entry in the CRI-O logs. Other methods to view the image pull source, such as using the crictl images command on a node, show the non-mirrored image name, even though the image is pulled from the mirrored location.

Note

Red Hat does not test third party registries with OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional information

For information on viewing the CRI-O logs to view the image source, see Viewing the image pull source.

3.3. Preparing your mirror host
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Before you perform the mirror procedure, you must prepare the host to retrieve content and push it to the remote location.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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Create a container image registry credentials file that allows mirroring images from Red Hat to your mirror.

Warning

Do not use this image registry credentials file as the pull secret when you install a cluster. If you provide this file when you install cluster, all of the machines in the cluster will have write access to your mirror registry.

Warning

This process requires that you have write access to a container image registry on the mirror registry and adds the credentials to a registry pull secret.

Prerequisites

  • You configured a mirror registry to use in your disconnected environment.
  • You identified an image repository location on your mirror registry to mirror images into.
  • You provisioned a mirror registry account that allows images to be uploaded to that image repository.

Procedure

Complete the following steps on the installation host:

  1. Download your registry.redhat.io pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager and save it to a .json file.

  2. Generate the base64-encoded user name and password or token for your mirror registry: 

    $ echo -n '<user_name>:<password>' | base64 -w0
    1 
    
BGVtbYk3ZHAtqXs=
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <user_name> and <password>, specify the user name and password that you configured for your registry.

  3. Make a copy of your pull secret in JSON format: 

    $ cat ./pull-secret.text | jq .  > <path>/<pull_secret_file_in_json>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path to the folder to store the pull secret in and a name for the JSON file that you create.

  4. Save the file either as ~/.docker/config.json or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json.

    The contents of the file resemble the following example: 

    {
  "auths": {
    "cloud.openshift.com": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "quay.io": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.connect.redhat.com": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.redhat.io": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Edit the new file and add a section that describes your registry to it: 

      "auths": {
    "<mirror_registry>": {
    1 
    
      "auth": "<credentials>",
    2 
    
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  },
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <mirror_registry>, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example, registry.example.com or registry.example.com:8443
    2
    For <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for the mirror registry.

    The file resembles the following example: 

    {
  "auths": {
    "registry.example.com": {
      "auth": "BGVtbYk3ZHAtqXs=",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "cloud.openshift.com": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "quay.io": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.connect.redhat.com": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.redhat.io": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

3.5. Mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift
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The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is a small and streamlined container registry that you can use as a target for mirroring the required container images of OpenShift Container Platform for disconnected installations.

If you already have a container image registry, such as Red Hat Quay, you can skip these steps and go straight to Mirroring the OpenShift Container Platform image repository.

Prerequisites

  • An OpenShift Container Platform subscription.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 with Podman 3.3 and OpenSSL installed.
  • Fully qualified domain name for the Red Hat Quay service, which must resolve through a DNS server.
  • Passwordless sudo access on the target host.
  • Key-based SSH connectivity on the target host. SSH keys are automatically generated for local installs. For remote hosts, you must generate your own SSH keys.
  • 2 or more vCPUs.
  • 8 GB of RAM.

  • About 9.6 GB for OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 Release images, or about 444 GB for OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 Release images and OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 Red Hat Operator images. Up to 1 TB per stream or more is suggested.

    Important

    These requirements are based on local testing results with only Release images and Operator images tested. Storage requirements can vary based on your organization’s needs. Some users might require more space, for example, when they mirror multiple z-streams. You can use standard Red Hat Quay functionality to remove unnecessary images and free up space.

For disconnected deployments of OpenShift Container Platform, a container registry is required to carry out the installation of the clusters. To run a production-grade registry service on such a cluster, you must create a separate registry deployment to install the first cluster. The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift addresses this need and is included in every OpenShift subscription. It is available for download on the OpenShift console Downloads page.

The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift allows users to install a small-scale version of Red Hat Quay and its required components using the mirror-registry command line interface (CLI) tool. The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is deployed automatically with pre-configured local storage and a local database. It also includes auto-generated user credentials and access permissions with a single set of inputs and no additional configuration choices to get started.

The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift provides a pre-determined network configuration and reports deployed component credentials and access URLs upon success. A limited set of optional configuration inputs like fully qualified domain name (FQDN) services, superuser name and password, and custom TLS certificates are also provided. This provides users with a container registry so that they can easily create an offline mirror of all OpenShift Container Platform release content when running OpenShift Container Platform in restricted network environments.

The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is limited to hosting images that are required to install a disconnected OpenShift Container Platform cluster, such as Release images or Red Hat Operator images. It uses local storage on your Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) machine, and storage supported by RHEL is supported by the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift. Content built by customers should not be hosted by the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift.

Unlike Red Hat Quay, the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is not a highly-available registry and only local file system storage is supported. Using the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift with more than one cluster is discouraged, because multiple clusters can create a single point of failure when updating your cluster fleet. It is advised to leverage the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift to install a cluster that can host a production-grade, highly-available registry such as Red Hat Quay, which can serve OpenShift Container Platform content to other clusters.

Use of the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is optional if another container registry is already available in the install environment.

This procedure explains how to install the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift on a local host using the mirror-registry installer tool. By doing so, users can create a local host registry running on port 443 for the purpose of storing a mirror of OpenShift Container Platform images.

Note

Installing the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift using the mirror-registry CLI tool makes several changes to your machine. After installation, a /etc/quay-install directory is created, which has installation files, local storage, and the configuration bundle. Trusted SSH keys are generated in case the deployment target is the local host, and systemd files on the host machine are set up to ensure that container runtimes are persistent. Additionally, an initial user named init is created with an automatically generated password. All access credentials are printed at the end of the install routine.

Procedure

  1. Download the mirror-registry.tar.gz package for the latest version of the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift found on the OpenShift console Downloads page.

  2. Install the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift on your local host with your current user account by using the mirror-registry tool. For a full list of available flags, see "mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift flags". 

    $ sudo ./mirror-registry install \
  --quayHostname <host_example_com> \
  --quayRoot <example_directory_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Use the user name and password generated during installation to log into the registry by running the following command: 

    $ podman login --authfile pull-secret.txt \
  -u init \
  -p <password> \
  <host_example_com>:8443> \
  --tls-verify=false
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    You can avoid running --tls-verify=false by configuring your system to trust the generated rootCA certificates. See "Using SSL to protect connections to Red Hat Quay" and "Configuring the system to trust the certificate authority" for more information.
    Note

    You can also log in by accessing the UI at https://<host.example.com>:8443 after installation.

  4. You can mirror OpenShift Container Platform images after logging in. Depending on your needs, see either the "Mirroring the OpenShift Container Platform image repository" or the "Mirroring Operator catalogs for use with disconnected clusters" sections of this document.

    Note

    If there are issues with images stored by the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift due to storage layer problems, you can remirror the OpenShift Container Platform images, or reinstall mirror registry on more stable storage.

This procedure explains how to install the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift on a remote host using the mirror-registry tool. By doing so, users can create a registry to hold a mirror of OpenShift Container Platform images.

Note

Installing the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift using the mirror-registry CLI tool makes several changes to your machine. After installation, a /etc/quay-install directory is created, which has installation files, local storage, and the configuration bundle. Trusted SSH keys are generated in case the deployment target is the local host, and systemd files on the host machine are set up to ensure that container runtimes are persistent. Additionally, an initial user named init is created with an automatically generated password. All access credentials are printed at the end of the install routine.

Procedure

  1. Download the mirror-registry.tar.gz package for the latest version of the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift found on the OpenShift console Downloads page.

  2. Install the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift on your local host with your current user account by using the mirror-registry tool. For a full list of available flags, see "mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift flags". 

    $ sudo ./mirror-registry install -v \
  --targetHostname <host_example_com> \
  --targetUsername <example_user> \
  -k ~/.ssh/my_ssh_key \
  --quayHostname <host_example_com> \
  --quayRoot <example_directory_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Use the user name and password generated during installation to log into the mirror registry by running the following command: 

    $ podman login --authfile pull-secret.txt \
  -u init \
  -p <password> \
  <host_example_com>:8443> \
  --tls-verify=false
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    You can avoid running --tls-verify=false by configuring your system to trust the generated rootCA certificates. See "Using SSL to protect connections to Red Hat Quay" and "Configuring the system to trust the certificate authority" for more information.
    Note

    You can also log in by accessing the UI at https://<host.example.com>:8443 after installation.

  4. You can mirror OpenShift Container Platform images after logging in. Depending on your needs, see either the "Mirroring the OpenShift Container Platform image repository" or the "Mirroring Operator catalogs for use with disconnected clusters" sections of this document.

    Note

    If there are issues with images stored by the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift due to storage layer problems, you can remirror the OpenShift Container Platform images, or reinstall mirror registry on more stable storage.

  • You can upgrade the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift from your local host by running the following command: 

    $ sudo ./mirror-registry upgrade
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note
    • Users who upgrade the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift with the ./mirror-registry upgrade flag must include the same credentials used when creating their mirror registry. For example, if you installed the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift with --quayHostname <host_example_com> and --quayRoot <example_directory_name>, you must include that string to properly upgrade the mirror registry.

  • You can uninstall the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift from your local host by running the following command: 

    $ sudo ./mirror-registry uninstall -v \
  --quayRoot <example_directory_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note
    • Deleting the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift will prompt the user before deletion. You can use --autoApprove to skip this prompt.
    • Users who install the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift with the --quayRoot flag must include the --quayRoot flag when uninstalling. For example, if you installed the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift with --quayRoot example_directory_name, you must include that string to properly uninstall the mirror registry.

3.6.2. Mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift flags
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The following flags are available for the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift:

Expand
FlagsDescription

--autoApprove

A boolean value that disables interactive prompts. If set to true, the quayRoot directory is automatically deleted when uninstalling the mirror registry. Defaults to false if left unspecified.

--initPassword

The password of the init user created during Quay installation. Must be at least eight characters and contain no whitespace.

--initUser string

Shows the username of the initial user. Defaults to init if left unspecified.

--quayHostname

The fully-qualified domain name of the mirror registry that clients will use to contact the registry. Equivalent to SERVER_HOSTNAME in the Quay config.yaml. Must resolve by DNS. Defaults to <targetHostname>:8443 if left unspecified. [1]

--quayRoot, -r

The directory where container image layer and configuration data is saved, including rootCA.key, rootCA.pem, and rootCA.srl certificates. Requires about 9.6 GB for OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 Release images, or about 444 GB for OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 Release images and OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 Red Hat Operator images. Defaults to /etc/quay-install if left unspecified.

--ssh-key, -k

The path of your SSH identity key. Defaults to ~/.ssh/quay_installer if left unspecified.

--sslCert

The path to the SSL/TLS public key / certificate. Defaults to {quayRoot}/quay-config and is auto-generated if left unspecified.

--sslCheckSkip

Skips the check for the certificate hostname against the SERVER_HOSTNAME in the config.yaml file. [2]

--sslKey

The path to the SSL/TLS private key used for HTTPS communication. Defaults to {quayRoot}/quay-config and is auto-generated if left unspecified.

--targetHostname, -H

The hostname of the target you want to install Quay to. Defaults to $HOST, for example, a local host, if left unspecified.

--targetUsername, -u

The user on the target host which will be used for SSH. Defaults to $USER, for example, the current user if left unspecified.

--verbose, -v

Shows debug logs and Ansible playbook outputs.

--version

Shows the version for the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift.

  1. --quayHostname must be modified if the public DNS name of your system is different from the local hostname.
  2. --sslCheckSkip is used in cases when the mirror registry is set behind a proxy and the exposed hostname is different from the internal Quay hostname. It can also be used when users do not want the certificates to be validated against the provided Quay hostname during installation.

Mirror the OpenShift Container Platform image repository to your registry to use during cluster installation or upgrade.

Prerequisites

  • Your mirror host has access to the internet.
  • You configured a mirror registry to use in your restricted network and can access the certificate and credentials that you configured.
  • You downloaded the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager and modified it to include authentication to your mirror repository.

  • If you use self-signed certificates that do not set a Subject Alternative Name, you must precede the oc commands in this procedure with GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0. If you do not set this variable, the oc commands will fail with the following error: 

    x509: certificate relies on legacy Common Name field, use SANs or temporarily enable Common Name matching with GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Procedure

Complete the following steps on the mirror host:

  1. Review the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page to determine the version of OpenShift Container Platform that you want to install and determine the corresponding tag on the Repository Tags page.

  2. Set the required environment variables:

    1. Export the release version: 

      $ OCP_RELEASE=<release_version>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For <release_version>, specify the tag that corresponds to the version of OpenShift Container Platform to install, such as 4.5.4.

    2. Export the local registry name and host port: 

      $ LOCAL_REGISTRY='<local_registry_host_name>:<local_registry_host_port>'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For <local_registry_host_name>, specify the registry domain name for your mirror repository, and for <local_registry_host_port>, specify the port that it serves content on.

    3. Export the local repository name: 

      $ LOCAL_REPOSITORY='<local_repository_name>'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For <local_repository_name>, specify the name of the repository to create in your registry, such as ocp4/openshift4.

    4. Export the name of the repository to mirror: 

      $ PRODUCT_REPO='openshift-release-dev'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For a production release, you must specify openshift-release-dev.

    5. Export the path to your registry pull secret: 

      $ LOCAL_SECRET_JSON='<path_to_pull_secret>'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For <path_to_pull_secret>, specify the absolute path to and file name of the pull secret for your mirror registry that you created.

    6. Export the release mirror: 

      $ RELEASE_NAME="ocp-release"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For a production release, you must specify ocp-release.

    7. Export the type of architecture for your server, such as x86_64: 

      $ ARCHITECTURE=<server_architecture>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    8. Export the path to the directory to host the mirrored images: 

      $ REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH=<path>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      Specify the full path, including the initial forward slash (/) character.

  3. Mirror the version images to the mirror registry:

    • If your mirror host does not have internet access, take the following actions:

      1. Connect the removable media to a system that is connected to the internet.

      2. Review the images and configuration manifests to mirror: 

        $ oc adm release mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON}  \
     --from=quay.io/${PRODUCT_REPO}/${RELEASE_NAME}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} \
     --to=${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY} \
     --to-release-image=${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} --dry-run
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      3. Record the entire imageContentSources section from the output of the previous command. The information about your mirrors is unique to your mirrored repository, and you must add the imageContentSources section to the install-config.yaml file during installation.

      4. Mirror the images to a directory on the removable media: 

        $ oc adm release mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --to-dir=${REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH}/mirror quay.io/${PRODUCT_REPO}/${RELEASE_NAME}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE}
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      5. Take the media to the restricted network environment and upload the images to the local container registry. 

        $ oc image mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --from-dir=${REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH}/mirror "file://openshift/release:${OCP_RELEASE}*" ${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}
        1
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
        1
        For REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH, you must use the same path that you specified when you mirrored the images.

    • If the local container registry is connected to the mirror host, take the following actions:

      1. Directly push the release images to the local registry by using following command: 

        $ oc adm release mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON}  \
     --from=quay.io/${PRODUCT_REPO}/${RELEASE_NAME}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} \
     --to=${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY} \
     --to-release-image=${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE}
        Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

        This command pulls the release information as a digest, and its output includes the imageContentSources data that you require when you install your cluster.

      2. Record the entire imageContentSources section from the output of the previous command. The information about your mirrors is unique to your mirrored repository, and you must add the imageContentSources section to the install-config.yaml file during installation.

        Note

        The image name gets patched to Quay.io during the mirroring process, and the podman images will show Quay.io in the registry on the bootstrap virtual machine.

  4. To create the installation program that is based on the content that you mirrored, extract it and pin it to the release:

    • If your mirror host does not have internet access, run the following command: 

      $ oc adm release extract -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --command=openshift-install "${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • If the local container registry is connected to the mirror host, run the following command: 

      $ oc adm release extract -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --command=openshift-install "${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE}"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      Important

      To ensure that you use the correct images for the version of OpenShift Container Platform that you selected, you must extract the installation program from the mirrored content.

      You must perform this step on a machine with an active internet connection.

      If you are in a disconnected environment, use the --image flag as part of must-gather and point to the payload image.

  5. For clusters using installer-provisioned infrastructure, run the following command: 

    $ openshift-install
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

In a disconnected environment, you must take additional steps after you install a cluster to configure the Cluster Samples Operator. Review the following information in preparation.

During installation, OpenShift Container Platform creates a config map named imagestreamtag-to-image in the openshift-cluster-samples-operator namespace. The imagestreamtag-to-image config map contains an entry, the populating image, for each image stream tag.

The format of the key for each entry in the data field in the config map is <image_stream_name>_<image_stream_tag_name>.

During a disconnected installation of OpenShift Container Platform, the status of the Cluster Samples Operator is set to Removed. If you choose to change it to Managed, it installs samples.

Note

The use of samples in a network-restricted or discontinued environment may require access to services external to your network. Some example services include: Github, Maven Central, npm, RubyGems, PyPi and others. There might be additional steps to take that allow the cluster samples operators’s objects to reach the services they require.

You can use this config map as a reference for which images need to be mirrored for your image streams to import.

  • While the Cluster Samples Operator is set to Removed, you can create your mirrored registry, or determine which existing mirrored registry you want to use.
  • Mirror the samples you want to the mirrored registry using the new config map as your guide.
  • Add any of the image streams you did not mirror to the skippedImagestreams list of the Cluster Samples Operator configuration object.
  • Set samplesRegistry of the Cluster Samples Operator configuration object to the mirrored registry.
  • Then set the Cluster Samples Operator to Managed to install the image streams you have mirrored.

You can mirror the Operator contents of a Red Hat-provided catalog, or a custom catalog, into a container image registry using the oc adm catalog mirror command. The target registry must support Docker v2-2. For a cluster on a restricted network, this registry can be one that the cluster has network access to, such as a mirror registry created during a restricted network cluster installation.

Important

The internal registry of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster cannot be used as the target registry because it does not support pushing without a tag, which is required during the mirroring process.

The oc adm catalog mirror command also automatically mirrors the index image that is specified during the mirroring process, whether it be a Red Hat-provided index image or your own custom-built index image, to the target registry. You can then use the mirrored index image to create a catalog source that allows Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) to load the mirrored catalog onto your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

3.9.1. Prerequisites
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Mirroring Operator catalogs for use with disconnected clusters has the following prerequisites:

  • Workstation with unrestricted network access.
  • podman version 1.9.3 or later.

  • If you want to filter, or prune, the default catalog and selectively mirror only a subset of Operators, see the following sections:

  • If you want to mirror a Red Hat-provided catalog, run the following command on your workstation with unrestricted network access to authenticate with registry.redhat.io: 

    $ podman login registry.redhat.io
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  • Access to a mirror registry that supports Docker v2-2.
  • On your mirror registry, decide which namespace to use for storing mirrored Operator content. For example, you might create an olm-mirror namespace.
  • If your mirror registry does not have internet access, connect removable media to your workstation with unrestricted network access.

  • If you are working with private registries, including registry.redhat.io, set the REG_CREDS environment variable to the file path of your registry credentials for use in later steps. For example, for the podman CLI: 

    $ REG_CREDS=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

3.9.2. Extracting and mirroring catalog contents
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The oc adm catalog mirror command extracts the contents of an index image to generate the manifests required for mirroring. The default behavior of the command generates manifests, then automatically mirrors all of the image content from the index image, as well as the index image itself, to your mirror registry.

Alternatively, if your mirror registry is on a completely disconnected, or airgapped, host, you can first mirror the content to removable media, move the media to the disconnected environment, then mirror the content from the media to the registry.

If your mirror registry is co-located on the same network as your workstation with unrestricted network access, take the following actions on your workstation.

Procedure

  1. If your mirror registry requires authentication, run the following command to log in to the registry: 

    $ podman login <mirror_registry>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Run the following command to extract and mirror the content to the mirror registry: 

    $ oc adm catalog mirror \
    <index_image> \
    1 
    
    <mirror_registry>:<port>/<namespace> \
    2 
    
    [-a ${REG_CREDS}] \
    3 
    
    [--insecure] \
    4 
    
    [--index-filter-by-os='<platform>/<arch>'] \
    5 
    
    [--manifests-only]
    6
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the index image for the catalog that you want to mirror. For example, this might be a pruned index image that you created previously, or one of the source index images for the default catalogs, such as registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.9.
    2
    Specify the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) for the target registry and namespace to mirror the Operator contents to, where <namespace> is any existing namespace on the registry. For example, you might create an olm-mirror namespace to push all mirrored content to.
    3
    Optional: If required, specify the location of your registry credentials file. {REG_CREDS} is required for registry.redhat.io.
    4
    Optional: If you do not want to configure trust for the target registry, add the --insecure flag.
    5
    Optional: Specify which platform and architecture of the index image to select when multiple variants are available. Images are passed as '<platform>/<arch>[/<variant>]'. This does not apply to images referenced by the index. Valid values are linux/amd64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, and .*
    6
    Optional: Generate only the manifests required for mirroring, and do not actually mirror the image content to a registry. This option can be useful for reviewing what will be mirrored, and it allows you to make any changes to the mapping list if you require only a subset of packages. You can then use the mapping.txt file with the oc image mirror command to mirror the modified list of images in a later step. This flag is intended for only advanced selective mirroring of content from the catalog; the opm index prune command, if you used it previously to prune the index image, is suitable for most catalog management use cases.

    Example output

    src image has index label for database path: /database/index.db
using database path mapping: /database/index.db:/tmp/153048078
wrote database to /tmp/153048078
    1 
    
...
wrote mirroring manifests to manifests-redhat-operator-index-1614211642
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1
    Directory for the temporary index.db database generated by the command.
    2
    Record the manifests directory name that is generated. This directory is referenced in subsequent procedures.
    Note

    Red Hat Quay does not support nested repositories. As a result, running the oc adm catalog mirror command will fail with a 401 unauthorized error. As a workaround, you can use the --max-components=2 option when running the oc adm catalog mirror command to disable the creation of nested repositories. For more information on this workaround, see the Unauthorized error thrown while using catalog mirror command with Quay registry Knowledgebase Solution.

If your mirror registry is on a completely disconnected, or airgapped, host, take the following actions.

Procedure

  1. Run the following command on your workstation with unrestricted network access to mirror the content to local files: 

    $ oc adm catalog mirror \
    <index_image> \
    1 
    
    file:///local/index \
    2 
    
    -a ${REG_CREDS} \
    3 
    
    --insecure \
    4 
    
    --index-filter-by-os='<platform>/<arch>'
    5
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the index image for the catalog that you want to mirror. For example, this might be a pruned index image that you created previously, or one of the source index images for the default catalogs, such as registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.9.
    2
    Specify the content to mirror to local files in your current directory.
    3
    Optional: If required, specify the location of your registry credentials file.
    4
    Optional: If you do not want to configure trust for the target registry, add the --insecure flag.
    5
    Optional: Specify which platform and architecture of the index image to select when multiple variants are available. Images are specified as '<platform>/<arch>[/<variant>]'. This does not apply to images referenced by the index. Valid values are linux/amd64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, and .*

    Example output

    ...
info: Mirroring completed in 5.93s (5.915MB/s)
wrote mirroring manifests to manifests-my-index-1614985528
    1 
    

To upload local images to a registry, run:

	oc adm catalog mirror file://local/index/myrepo/my-index:v1 REGISTRY/REPOSITORY
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1
    Record the manifests directory name that is generated. This directory is referenced in subsequent procedures.
    2
    Record the expanded file:// path that is based on your provided index image. This path is referenced in a subsequent step.

    This command creates a v2/ directory in your current directory.

  2. Copy the v2/ directory to removable media.
  3. Physically remove the media and attach it to a host in the disconnected environment that has access to the mirror registry.

  4. If your mirror registry requires authentication, run the following command on your host in the disconnected environment to log in to the registry: 

    $ podman login <mirror_registry>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Run the following command from the parent directory containing the v2/ directory to upload the images from local files to the mirror registry: 

    $ oc adm catalog mirror \
    file://local/index/<repo>/<index_image>:<tag> \
    1 
    
    <mirror_registry>:<port>/<namespace> \
    2 
    
    -a ${REG_CREDS} \
    3 
    
    --insecure \
    4 
    
    --index-filter-by-os='<platform>/<arch>'
    5
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the file:// path from the previous command output.
    2
    Specify the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) for the target registry and namespace to mirror the Operator contents to, where <namespace> is any existing namespace on the registry. For example, you might create an olm-mirror namespace to push all mirrored content to.
    3
    Optional: If required, specify the location of your registry credentials file.
    4
    Optional: If you do not want to configure trust for the target registry, add the --insecure flag.
    5
    Optional: Specify which platform and architecture of the index image to select when multiple variants are available. Images are specified as '<platform>/<arch>[/<variant>]'. This does not apply to images referenced by the index. Valid values are linux/amd64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, and .*
    Note

    Red Hat Quay does not support nested repositories. As a result, running the oc adm catalog mirror command will fail with a 401 unauthorized error. As a workaround, you can use the --max-components=2 option when running the oc adm catalog mirror command to disable the creation of nested repositories. For more information on this workaround, see the Unauthorized error thrown while using catalog mirror command with Quay registry Knowledgebase Solution.

  6. Run the oc adm catalog mirror command again. Use the newly mirrored index image as the source and the same mirror registry namespace used in the previous step as the target: 

    $ oc adm catalog mirror \
    <mirror_registry>:<port>/<index_image> \
    <mirror_registry>:<port>/<namespace> \
    --manifests-only \
    1 
    
    [-a ${REG_CREDS}] \
    [--insecure]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The --manifests-only flag is required for this step so that the command does not copy all of the mirrored content again.
    Important

    This step is required because the image mappings in the imageContentSourcePolicy.yaml file generated during the previous step must be updated from local paths to valid mirror locations. Failure to do so will cause errors when you create the ImageContentSourcePolicy object in a later step.

After you mirror the catalog, you can continue with the remainder of your cluster installation. After your cluster installation has finished successfully, you must specify the manifests directory from this procedure to create the ImageContentSourcePolicy and CatalogSource objects. These objects are required to enable installation of Operators from OperatorHub.

3.9.3. Generated manifests
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After mirroring Operator catalog content to your mirror registry, a manifests directory is generated in your current directory.

If you mirrored content to a registry on the same network, the directory name takes the following pattern: 

manifests-<index_image_name>-<random_number>
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If you mirrored content to a registry on a disconnected host in the previous section, the directory name takes the following pattern: 

manifests-index/<namespace>/<index_image_name>-<random_number>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Note

The manifests directory name is referenced in subsequent procedures.

The manifests directory contains the following files, some of which might require further modification:

  • The catalogSource.yaml file is a basic definition for a CatalogSource object that is pre-populated with your index image tag and other relevant metadata. This file can be used as is or modified to add the catalog source to your cluster.

    Important

    If you mirrored the content to local files, you must modify your catalogSource.yaml file to remove any backslash (/) characters from the metadata.name field. Otherwise, when you attempt to create the object, it fails with an "invalid resource name" error.

  • The imageContentSourcePolicy.yaml file defines an ImageContentSourcePolicy object that can configure nodes to translate between the image references stored in Operator manifests and the mirrored registry.

    Note

    If your cluster uses an ImageContentSourcePolicy object to configure repository mirroring, you can use only global pull secrets for mirrored registries. You cannot add a pull secret to a project.

  • The mapping.txt file contains all of the source images and where to map them in the target registry. This file is compatible with the oc image mirror command and can be used to further customize the mirroring configuration.

    Important

    If you used the --manifests-only flag during the mirroring process and want to further trim the subset of packages to mirror, see the steps in the Mirroring a package manifest format catalog image procedure of the OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 documentation about modifying your mapping.txt file and using the file with the oc image mirror command.

3.9.4. Post-installation requirements
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After you mirror the catalog, you can continue with the remainder of your cluster installation. After your cluster installation has finished successfully, you must specify the manifests directory from this procedure to create the ImageContentSourcePolicy and CatalogSource objects. These objects are required to populate and enable installation of Operators from OperatorHub.

3.10. Next steps
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Chapter 4. Installing on AWS
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4.1. Preparing to install on AWS
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4.1.1. Prerequisites
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Before installing OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS), you must create an AWS account. See Configuring an AWS account for details about configuring an account, account limits, account permissions, IAM user setup, and supported AWS regions.

If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, see Manually creating IAM for AWS for other options, including configuring the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the Amazon Web Services Security Token Service (AWS STS).

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure. The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, where the installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provision. If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisions, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself.

See Installation process for more information about installer-provisioned and user-provisioned installation processes.

You can install a cluster on AWS infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program, by using one of the following methods:

  • Installing a cluster quickly on AWS: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. You can install a cluster quickly by using the default configuration options.
  • Installing a customized cluster on AWS: You can install a customized cluster on AWS infrastructure that the installation program provisions. The installation program allows for some customization to be applied at the installation stage. Many other customization options are available post-installation.
  • Installing a cluster on AWS with network customizations: You can customize your OpenShift Container Platform network configuration during installation, so that your cluster can coexist with your existing IP address allocations and adhere to your network requirements.
  • Installing a cluster on AWS in a restricted network: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS on installer-provisioned infrastructure by using an internal mirror of the installation release content. You can use this method to install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components.
  • Installing a cluster on an existing Virtual Private Cloud: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on an existing AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). You can use this installation method if you have constraints set by the guidelines of your company, such as limits when creating new accounts or infrastructure.
  • Installing a private cluster on an existing VPC: You can install a private cluster on an existing AWS VPC. You can use this method to deploy OpenShift Container Platform on an internal network that is not visible to the internet.
  • Installing a cluster on AWS into a government or secret region: OpenShift Container Platform can be deployed into AWS regions that are specifically designed for US government agencies at the federal, state, and local level, as well as contractors, educational institutions, and other US customers that must run sensitive workloads in the cloud.

You can install a cluster on AWS infrastructure that you provision, by using one of the following methods:

  • Installing a cluster on AWS infrastructure that you provide: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS infrastructure that you provide. You can use the provided CloudFormation templates to create stacks of AWS resources that represent each of the components required for an OpenShift Container Platform installation.
  • Installing a cluster on AWS in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS infrastructure that you provide by using an internal mirror of the installation release content. You can use this method to install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components. You can also use this installation method to ensure that your clusters only use container images that satisfy your organizational controls on external content. While you can install OpenShift Container Platform by using the mirrored content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the AWS APIs.

4.1.4. Next steps
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4.2. Configuring an AWS account
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Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure an Amazon Web Services (AWS) account.

4.2.1. Configuring Route 53
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To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in your Route 53 service. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The Route 53 service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through AWS or another source.

    Note

    If you purchase a new domain through AWS, it takes time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through AWS, see Registering Domain Names Using Amazon Route 53 in the AWS documentation.

  2. If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to AWS. See Making Amazon Route 53 the DNS Service for an Existing Domain in the AWS documentation.

  3. Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain. See Creating a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation.

    Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.

  4. Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Getting the Name Servers for a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation.
  5. Update the registrar records for the AWS Route 53 name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to a Route 53 service in a different accounts, see the following topic in the AWS documentation: Adding or Changing Name Servers or Glue Records.
  6. If you are using a subdomain, add its delegation records to the parent domain. This gives Amazon Route 53 responsibility for the subdomain. Follow the delegation procedure outlined by the DNS provider of the parent domain. See Creating a subdomain that uses Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service without migrating the parent domain in the AWS documentation for an example high level procedure.

If you install in either Amazon Web Services (AWS) GovCloud (US) US-West or US-East region, the Ingress Operator uses us-gov-west-1 region for Route53 and tagging API clients.

The Ingress Operator uses https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com as the tagging API endpoint if a tagging custom endpoint is configured that includes the string 'us-gov-east-1'.

For more information on AWS GovCloud (US) endpoints, see the Service Endpoints in the AWS documentation about GovCloud (US).

Important

Private, disconnected installations are not supported for AWS GovCloud when you install in the us-gov-east-1 region.

Example Route 53 configuration

platform:
  aws:
    region: us-gov-west-1
    serviceEndpoints:
    - name: ec2
      url: https://ec2.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com
    - name: elasticloadbalancing
      url: https://elasticloadbalancing.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com
    - name: route53
      url: https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com
1 

    - name: tagging
      url: https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com
2
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

1
Route 53 defaults to https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com for both AWS GovCloud (US) regions.
2
Only the US-West region has endpoints for tagging. Omit this parameter if your cluster is in another region.

4.2.2. AWS account limits
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The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Amazon Web Services (AWS) components, and the default Service Limits affect your ability to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters. If you use certain cluster configurations, deploy your cluster in certain AWS regions, or run multiple clusters from your account, you might need to request additional resources for your AWS account.

The following table summarizes the AWS components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

Expand
ComponentNumber of clusters available by defaultDefault AWS limitDescription

Instance Limits

Varies

Varies

By default, each cluster creates the following instances:

  • One bootstrap machine, which is removed after installation
  • Three control plane nodes
  • Three worker nodes

These instance type counts are within a new account’s default limit. To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, review your account limits to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you need.

In most regions, the bootstrap and worker machines uses an m4.large machines and the control plane machines use m4.xlarge instances. In some regions, including all regions that do not support these instance types, m5.large and m5.xlarge instances are used instead.

Elastic IPs (EIPs)

0 to 1

5 EIPs per account

To provision the cluster in a highly available configuration, the installation program creates a public and private subnet for each availability zone within a region. Each private subnet requires a NAT Gateway, and each NAT gateway requires a separate elastic IP. Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region. To take advantage of the default high availability, install the cluster in a region with at least three availability zones. To install a cluster in a region with more than five availability zones, you must increase the EIP limit.

Important

To use the us-east-1 region, you must increase the EIP limit for your account.

Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs)

5

5 VPCs per region

Each cluster creates its own VPC.

Elastic Load Balancing (ELB/NLB)

3

20 per region

By default, each cluster creates internal and external network load balancers for the master API server and a single classic elastic load balancer for the router. Deploying more Kubernetes Service objects with type LoadBalancer will create additional load balancers.

NAT Gateways

5

5 per availability zone

The cluster deploys one NAT gateway in each availability zone.

Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs)

At least 12

350 per region

The default installation creates 21 ENIs and an ENI for each availability zone in your region. For example, the us-east-1 region contains six availability zones, so a cluster that is deployed in that zone uses 27 ENIs. Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region.

Additional ENIs are created for additional machines and elastic load balancers that are created by cluster usage and deployed workloads.

VPC Gateway

20

20 per account

Each cluster creates a single VPC Gateway for S3 access.

S3 buckets

99

100 buckets per account

Because the installation process creates a temporary bucket and the registry component in each cluster creates a bucket, you can create only 99 OpenShift Container Platform clusters per AWS account.

Security Groups

250

2,500 per account

Each cluster creates 10 distinct security groups.

4.2.3. Required AWS permissions for the IAM user
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Note

Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region.

When you attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the IAM user that you create in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you grant that user all of the required permissions. To deploy all components of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, the IAM user requires the following permissions:

Example 4.1. Required EC2 permissions for installation

  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress
  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:CopyImage
  • ec2:CreateNetworkInterface
  • ec2:AttachNetworkInterface
  • ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
  • ec2:CreateTags
  • ec2:CreateVolume
  • ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
  • ec2:DeleteSnapshot
  • ec2:DeleteTags
  • ec2:DeregisterImage
  • ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes
  • ec2:DescribeAddresses
  • ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones
  • ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions
  • ec2:DescribeImages
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceCreditSpecifications
  • ec2:DescribeInstances
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceTypes
  • ec2:DescribeInternetGateways
  • ec2:DescribeKeyPairs
  • ec2:DescribeNatGateways
  • ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls
  • ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces
  • ec2:DescribePrefixLists
  • ec2:DescribeRegions
  • ec2:DescribeRouteTables
  • ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups
  • ec2:DescribeSubnets
  • ec2:DescribeTags
  • ec2:DescribeVolumes
  • ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute
  • ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink
  • ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport
  • ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints
  • ec2:DescribeVpcs
  • ec2:GetEbsDefaultKmsKeyId
  • ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:RunInstances
  • ec2:TerminateInstances

Example 4.2. Required permissions for creating network resources during installation

  • ec2:AllocateAddress
  • ec2:AssociateAddress
  • ec2:AssociateDhcpOptions
  • ec2:AssociateRouteTable
  • ec2:AttachInternetGateway
  • ec2:CreateDhcpOptions
  • ec2:CreateInternetGateway
  • ec2:CreateNatGateway
  • ec2:CreateRoute
  • ec2:CreateRouteTable
  • ec2:CreateSubnet
  • ec2:CreateVpc
  • ec2:CreateVpcEndpoint
  • ec2:ModifySubnetAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute
Note

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions for creating network resources.

Example 4.3. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELB) for installation

  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
  • elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeInstanceHealth
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener

Example 4.4. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELBv2) for installation

  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetHealth
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets

Example 4.5. Required IAM permissions for installation

  • iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile
  • iam:CreateInstanceProfile
  • iam:CreateRole
  • iam:DeleteInstanceProfile
  • iam:DeleteRole
  • iam:DeleteRolePolicy
  • iam:GetInstanceProfile
  • iam:GetRole
  • iam:GetRolePolicy
  • iam:GetUser
  • iam:ListInstanceProfilesForRole
  • iam:ListRoles
  • iam:ListUsers
  • iam:PassRole
  • iam:PutRolePolicy
  • iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile
  • iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy
  • iam:TagRole
Note

If you have not created an elastic load balancer (ELB) in your AWS account, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole permission.

Example 4.6. Required Route 53 permissions for installation

  • route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets
  • route53:ChangeTagsForResource
  • route53:CreateHostedZone
  • route53:DeleteHostedZone
  • route53:GetChange
  • route53:GetHostedZone
  • route53:ListHostedZones
  • route53:ListHostedZonesByName
  • route53:ListResourceRecordSets
  • route53:ListTagsForResource
  • route53:UpdateHostedZoneComment

Example 4.7. Required S3 permissions for installation

  • s3:CreateBucket
  • s3:DeleteBucket
  • s3:GetAccelerateConfiguration
  • s3:GetBucketAcl
  • s3:GetBucketCors
  • s3:GetBucketLocation
  • s3:GetBucketLogging
  • s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration
  • s3:GetBucketReplication
  • s3:GetBucketRequestPayment
  • s3:GetBucketTagging
  • s3:GetBucketVersioning
  • s3:GetBucketWebsite
  • s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration
  • s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration
  • s3:GetReplicationConfiguration
  • s3:ListBucket
  • s3:PutBucketAcl
  • s3:PutBucketTagging
  • s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration

Example 4.8. S3 permissions that cluster Operators require

  • s3:DeleteObject
  • s3:GetObject
  • s3:GetObjectAcl
  • s3:GetObjectTagging
  • s3:GetObjectVersion
  • s3:PutObject
  • s3:PutObjectAcl
  • s3:PutObjectTagging

Example 4.9. Required permissions to delete base cluster resources

  • autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
  • ec2:DeleteNetworkInterface
  • ec2:DeleteVolume
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroups
  • iam:DeleteAccessKey
  • iam:DeleteUser
  • iam:ListAttachedRolePolicies
  • iam:ListInstanceProfiles
  • iam:ListRolePolicies
  • iam:ListUserPolicies
  • s3:DeleteObject
  • s3:ListBucketVersions
  • tag:GetResources

Example 4.10. Required permissions to delete network resources

  • ec2:DeleteDhcpOptions
  • ec2:DeleteInternetGateway
  • ec2:DeleteNatGateway
  • ec2:DeleteRoute
  • ec2:DeleteRouteTable
  • ec2:DeleteSubnet
  • ec2:DeleteVpc
  • ec2:DeleteVpcEndpoints
  • ec2:DetachInternetGateway
  • ec2:DisassociateRouteTable
  • ec2:ReleaseAddress
  • ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation
Note

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions to delete network resources. Instead, your account only requires the tag:UntagResources permission to delete network resources.

Example 4.11. Required permissions to delete a cluster with shared instance roles

  • iam:UntagRole

Example 4.12. Additional IAM and S3 permissions that are required to create manifests

  • iam:DeleteAccessKey
  • iam:DeleteUser
  • iam:DeleteUserPolicy
  • iam:GetUserPolicy
  • iam:ListAccessKeys
  • iam:PutUserPolicy
  • iam:TagUser
  • s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
  • s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock
  • s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration
  • s3:HeadBucket
  • s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads
  • s3:AbortMultipartUpload
Note

If you are managing your cloud provider credentials with mint mode, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateAccessKey and iam:CreateUser permissions.

Example 4.13. Optional permissions for instance and quota checks for installation

  • ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings
  • servicequotas:ListAWSDefaultServiceQuotas

4.2.4. Creating an IAM user
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Each Amazon Web Services (AWS) account contains a root user account that is based on the email address you used to create the account. This is a highly-privileged account, and it is recommended to use it for only initial account and billing configuration, creating an initial set of users, and securing the account.

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, create a secondary IAM administrative user. As you complete the Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account procedure in the AWS documentation, set the following options:

Procedure

  1. Specify the IAM user name and select Programmatic access.

  2. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to ensure that the account has sufficient permission to create the cluster. This policy provides the cluster with the ability to grant credentials to each OpenShift Container Platform component. The cluster grants the components only the credentials that they require.

    Note

    While it is possible to create a policy that grants the all of the required AWS permissions and attach it to the user, this is not the preferred option. The cluster will not have the ability to grant additional credentials to individual components, so the same credentials are used by all components.

  3. Optional: Add metadata to the user by attaching tags.
  4. Confirm that the user name that you specified is granted the AdministratorAccess policy.

  5. Record the access key ID and secret access key values. You must use these values when you configure your local machine to run the installation program.

    Important

    You cannot use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device to authenticate to AWS when you deploy a cluster. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-lived credentials.

4.2.5. IAM Policies and AWS authentication
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By default, the installation program creates instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate.

However, you can create your own IAM roles and specify them as part of the installation process. You might need to specify your own roles to deploy the cluster or to manage the cluster after installation. For example:

  • Your organization’s security policies require that you use a more restrictive set of permissions to install the cluster.
  • After the installation, the cluster is configured with an Operator that requires access to additional services.

If you choose to specify your own IAM roles, you can take the following steps:

  • Begin with the default policies and adapt as required. For more information, see "Default permissions for IAM instance profiles".
  • Use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template that is based on the cluster’s activity. For more information see, "Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates".

By default, the installation program creates IAM instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane and worker instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate.

The following lists specify the default permissions for control plane and compute machines:

Example 4.14. Default IAM role permissions for control plane instance profiles

  • ec2:AttachVolume
  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
  • ec2:CreateTags
  • ec2:CreateVolume
  • ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
  • ec2:DeleteVolume
  • ec2:Describe*
  • ec2:DetachVolume
  • ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyVolume
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
  • elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerPolicy
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteListener
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancerListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
  • elasticloadbalancing:Describe*
  • elasticloadbalancing:DetachLoadBalancerFromSubnets
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyListener
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets
  • elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesForBackendServer
  • elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener
  • kms:DescribeKey

Example 4.15. Default IAM role permissions for compute instance profiles

  • ec2:DescribeInstances
  • ec2:DescribeRegions
4.2.5.2. Specifying an existing IAM role
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Instead of allowing the installation program to create IAM instance profiles with the default permissions, you can use the install-config.yaml file to specify an existing IAM role for control plane and compute instances.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

  1. Update compute.platform.aws.iamRole with an existing role for the control plane machines.

    Sample install-config.yaml file with an IAM role for compute instances

    compute:
- hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      iamRole: ExampleRole
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Update controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole with an existing role for the compute machines.

    Sample install-config.yaml file with an IAM role for control plane instances

    controlPlane:
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      iamRole: ExampleRole
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Save the file and reference it when installing the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

The minimal set of permissions that the control plane and compute instance profiles require depends on how the cluster is configured for its daily operation.

One way to determine which permissions the cluster instances require is to use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template:

  • A policy template contains the permissions the cluster has used over a specified period of time.
  • You can then use the template to create policies with fine-grained permissions.

Procedure

The overall process could be:

  1. Ensure that CloudTrail is enabled. CloudTrail records all of the actions and events in your AWS account, including the API calls that are required to create a policy template. For more information, see the AWS documentation for working with CloudTrail.
  2. Create an instance profile for control plane instances and an instance profile for compute instances. Be sure to assign each role a permissive policy, such as PowerUserAccess. For more information, see the AWS documentation for creating instance profile roles.
  3. Install the cluster in a development environment and configure it as required. Be sure to deploy all of applications the cluster will host in a production environment.
  4. Test the cluster thoroughly. Testing the cluster ensures that all of the required API calls are logged.
  5. Use the IAM Access Analyzer to create a policy template for each instance profile. For more information, see the AWS documentation for generating policies based on the CloudTrail logs.
  6. Create and add a fine-grained policy to each instance profile.
  7. Remove the permissive policy from each instance profile.
  8. Deploy a production cluster using the existing instance profiles with the new policies.
Note

You can add IAM Conditions to your policy to make it more restrictive and compliant with your organization security requirements.

4.2.6. Supported AWS Marketplace regions
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Installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is available to customers who purchase the offer in North America.

While the offer must be purchased in North America, you can deploy the cluster to any of the following supported partitions:

  • Public
  • GovCloud
Note

Deploying a OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported for the AWS secret regions or China regions.

4.2.7. Supported AWS regions
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You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following regions.

Note

Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region.

4.2.7.1. AWS public regions
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The following AWS public regions are supported:

  • af-south-1 (Cape Town)
  • ap-east-1 (Hong Kong)
  • ap-northeast-1 (Tokyo)
  • ap-northeast-2 (Seoul)
  • ap-northeast-3 (Osaka)
  • ap-south-1 (Mumbai)
  • ap-southeast-1 (Singapore)
  • ap-southeast-2 (Sydney)
  • ca-central-1 (Central)
  • eu-central-1 (Frankfurt)
  • eu-north-1 (Stockholm)
  • eu-south-1 (Milan)
  • eu-west-1 (Ireland)
  • eu-west-2 (London)
  • eu-west-3 (Paris)
  • me-south-1 (Bahrain)
  • sa-east-1 (São Paulo)
  • us-east-1 (N. Virginia)
  • us-east-2 (Ohio)
  • us-west-1 (N. California)
  • us-west-2 (Oregon)
4.2.7.2. AWS GovCloud regions
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The following AWS GovCloud regions are supported:

  • us-gov-west-1
  • us-gov-east-1
4.2.7.3. AWS C2S Secret region
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The us-iso-east-1 region is supported.

4.2.7.4. AWS China regions
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The following AWS China regions are supported:

  • cn-north-1 (Beijing)
  • cn-northwest-1 (Ningxia)

4.2.8. Next steps
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4.3. Manually creating IAM for AWS
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In environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace, you can put the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) into manual mode before you install the cluster.

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) manages cloud provider credentials as Kubernetes custom resource definitions (CRDs). You can configure the CCO to suit the security requirements of your organization by setting different values for the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml file.

If you prefer not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system project, you can choose one of the following options when installing OpenShift Container Platform:

  • Use the Amazon Web Services Security Token Service:

    You can use the CCO utility (ccoctl) to configure the cluster to use the Amazon Web Services Security Token Service (AWS STS). When the CCO utility is used to configure the cluster for STS, it assigns IAM roles that provide short-term, limited-privilege security credentials to components.

    Note

    This credentials strategy is supported for only new OpenShift Container Platform clusters and must be configured during installation. You cannot reconfigure an existing cluster that uses a different credentials strategy to use this feature.

  • Manage cloud credentials manually:

    You can set the credentialsMode parameter for the CCO to Manual to manage cloud credentials manually. Using manual mode allows each cluster component to have only the permissions it requires, without storing an administrator-level credential in the cluster. You can also use this mode if your environment does not have connectivity to the cloud provider public IAM endpoint. However, you must manually reconcile permissions with new release images for every upgrade. You must also manually supply credentials for every component that requests them.

  • Remove the administrator-level credential secret after installing OpenShift Container Platform with mint mode:

    If you are using the CCO with the credentialsMode parameter set to Mint, you can remove or rotate the administrator-level credential after installing OpenShift Container Platform. Mint mode is the default configuration for the CCO. This option requires the presence of the administrator-level credential during an installation. The administrator-level credential is used during the installation to mint other credentials with some permissions granted. The original credential secret is not stored in the cluster permanently.

Note

Prior to a non z-stream upgrade, you must reinstate the credential secret with the administrator-level credential. If the credential is not present, the upgrade might be blocked.

4.3.2. Manually create IAM
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The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the install-config.yaml file by running the following command: 

    $ openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.

  2. Edit the install-config.yaml configuration file so that it contains the credentialsMode parameter set to Manual.

    Example install-config.yaml configuration file

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: cluster1.example.com
credentialsMode: Manual
    1 
    
compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1
    This line is added to set the credentialsMode parameter to Manual.

  3. To generate the manifests, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program: 

    $ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.

  4. From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain details of the OpenShift Container Platform release image that your openshift-install binary is built to use by running the following command: 

    $ openshift-install version
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    release image quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Locate all CredentialsRequest objects in this release image that target the cloud you are deploying on by running the following command: 

    $ oc adm release extract quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64 \
  --credentials-requests \
  --cloud=aws
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

    Sample CredentialsRequest object

    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: <component-credentials-request>
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
  ...
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
    kind: AWSProviderSpec
    statementEntries:
    - effect: Allow
      action:
      - iam:GetUser
      - iam:GetUserPolicy
      - iam:ListAccessKeys
      resource: "*"
  ...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Create YAML files for secrets in the openshift-install manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in the spec.secretRef for each CredentialsRequest object.

    Sample CredentialsRequest object with secrets

    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: <component-credentials-request>
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
  ...
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
    kind: AWSProviderSpec
    statementEntries:
    - effect: Allow
      action:
      - s3:CreateBucket
      - s3:DeleteBucket
      resource: "*"
      ...
  secretRef:
    name: <component-secret>
    namespace: <component-namespace>
  ...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Sample Secret object

    apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: <component-secret>
  namespace: <component-namespace>
data:
  aws_access_key_id: <base64_encoded_aws_access_key_id>
  aws_secret_access_key: <base64_encoded_aws_secret_access_key>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Important

Before upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state. For details, see the "Upgrading clusters with manually maintained credentials" section of the installation content for your cloud provider.

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) Upgradable status for a cluster with manually maintained credentials is False by default.

  • For minor releases, for example, from 4.8 to 4.9, this status prevents you from upgrading until you have addressed any updated permissions and annotated the CloudCredential resource to indicate that the permissions are updated as needed for the next version. This annotation changes the Upgradable status to True.
  • For z-stream releases, for example, from 4.9.0 to 4.9.1, no permissions are added or changed, so the upgrade is not blocked.

Before upgrading a cluster with manually maintained credentials, you must create any new credentials for the release image that you are upgrading to. Additionally, you must review the required permissions for existing credentials and accommodate any new permissions requirements in the new release for those components.

Procedure

  1. Extract and examine the CredentialsRequest custom resource for the new release.

    The "Manually creating IAM" section of the installation content for your cloud provider explains how to obtain and use the credentials required for your cloud.

  2. Update the manually maintained credentials on your cluster:

    • Create new secrets for any CredentialsRequest custom resources that are added by the new release image.
    • If the CredentialsRequest custom resources for any existing credentials that are stored in secrets have changed their permissions requirements, update the permissions as required.

  3. When all of the secrets are correct for the new release, indicate that the cluster is ready to upgrade:

    1. Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role.

    2. Edit the CloudCredential resource to add an upgradeable-to annotation within the metadata field: 

      $ oc edit cloudcredential cluster
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Text to add

      ...
  metadata:
    annotations:
      cloudcredential.openshift.io/upgradeable-to: <version_number>
...
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Where <version_number> is the version you are upgrading to, in the format x.y.z. For example, 4.8.2 for OpenShift Container Platform 4.8.2.

      It may take several minutes after adding the annotation for the upgradeable status to change.

  4. Verify that the CCO is upgradeable:

    1. In the Administrator perspective of the web console, navigate to Administration → Cluster Settings.
    2. To view the CCO status details, click cloud-credential in the Cluster Operators list.
    3. If the Upgradeable status in the Conditions section is False, verify that the upgradeable-to annotation is free of typographical errors.

When the Upgradeable status in the Conditions section is True, you can begin the OpenShift Container Platform upgrade. 

:_content-type: CONCEPT
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4.3.4. Mint mode
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Mint mode is the default Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) credentials mode for OpenShift Container Platform. In this mode, the CCO uses the provided administrator-level cloud credential to run the cluster. Mint mode is supported for AWS and GCP.

In mint mode, the admin credential is stored in the kube-system namespace and then used by the CCO to process the CredentialsRequest objects in the cluster and create users for each with specific permissions.

The benefits of mint mode include:

  • Each cluster component has only the permissions it requires
  • Automatic, on-going reconciliation for cloud credentials, including additional credentials or permissions that might be required for upgrades

One drawback is that mint mode requires admin credential storage in a cluster kube-system secret.

Currently, this mode is only supported on AWS and GCP.

In this mode, a user installs OpenShift Container Platform with an administrator-level credential just like the normal mint mode. However, this process removes the administrator-level credential secret from the cluster post-installation.

The administrator can have the Cloud Credential Operator make its own request for a read-only credential that allows it to verify if all CredentialsRequest objects have their required permissions, thus the administrator-level credential is not required unless something needs to be changed. After the associated credential is removed, it can be deleted or deactivated on the underlying cloud, if desired.

Note

Prior to a non z-stream upgrade, you must reinstate the credential secret with the administrator-level credential. If the credential is not present, the upgrade might be blocked.

The administrator-level credential is not stored in the cluster permanently.

Following these steps still requires the administrator-level credential in the cluster for brief periods of time. It also requires manually re-instating the secret with administrator-level credentials for each upgrade.

4.3.6. Next steps
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4.4. Installing a cluster quickly on AWS
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) that uses the default configuration options.

4.4.1. Prerequisites
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.4.4. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

4.4.5. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Important

    Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    Provide values at the prompts:

    1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

      Note

      For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

    2. Select aws as the platform to target.

    3. If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.

      Note

      The AWS access key ID and secret access key are stored in ~/.aws/credentials in the home directory of the current user on the installation host. You are prompted for the credentials by the installation program if the credentials for the exported profile are not present in the file. Any credentials that you provide to the installation program are stored in the file.

    4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
    5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
    6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
    7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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4.4.7. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.4.10. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a customized cluster on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Amazon Web Services (AWS). To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

Note

The scope of the OpenShift Container Platform installation configurations is intentionally narrow. It is designed for simplicity and ensured success. You can complete many more OpenShift Container Platform configuration tasks after an installation completes.

4.5.1. Prerequisites
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
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    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.5.4. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
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If you are deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image, you must first subscribe through AWS. Subscribing to the offer provides you with the AMI ID that the installation program uses to deploy worker nodes.

Note

Deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported in the secret regions or China regions.

Prerequisites

  • You have an AWS account to purchase the offer. This account does not have to be the same account that is used to install the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Complete the OpenShift Container Platform subscription from the AWS Marketplace.
  2. Record the AMI ID for your specific region. As part of the installation process, you must update the install-config.yaml file with this value before deploying the cluster.

Sample install-config.yaml file with AWS Marketplace worker nodes

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
compute:
- hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      amiID: ami-06c4d345f7c207239
1 

      type: m5.4xlarge
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-east-2
2 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
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1
The AMI ID from your AWS Marketplace subscription.
2
Your AMI ID is associated with a specific AWS region. When creating the installation configuration file, ensure that you select the same AWS region that you specified when configuring your subscription.

4.5.5. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
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  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Prerequisites

  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
  • Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: 

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
      1
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      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select AWS as the platform to target.
      3. If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
      4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
  2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

4.5.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.5.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.1. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
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4.5.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.2. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
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networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.5.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.3. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set publish to Internal. The default value is External.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
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4.5.6.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
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Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.4. Optional AWS parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

compute.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot compute machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

compute.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the compute machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.iops

The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume.

Integer, for example 4000.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.size

The size in GiB of the root volume.

Integer, for example 500.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.type

The type of the root volume.

Valid AWS EBS volume type, such as io1.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of worker nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID or the key ARN.

compute.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the compute machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m4.2xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

compute.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

compute.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in.

Any valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

controlPlane.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot control plane machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the control plane machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

controlPlane.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of control plane nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID and the key ARN.

controlPlane.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m5.xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

controlPlane.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

controlPlane.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in.

Valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot all machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

platform.aws.hostedZone

An existing Route 53 private hosted zone for the cluster. You can only use a pre-existing hosted zone when also supplying your own VPC. The hosted zone must already be associated with the user-provided VPC before installation. Also, the domain of the hosted zone must be the cluster domain or a parent of the cluster domain. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.

String, for example Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.name

The AWS service endpoint name. Custom endpoints are only required for cases where alternative AWS endpoints, like FIPS, must be used. Custom API endpoints can be specified for EC2, S3, IAM, Elastic Load Balancing, Tagging, Route 53, and STS AWS services.

Valid AWS service endpoint name.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.url

The AWS service endpoint URL. The URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.

Valid AWS service endpoint URL.

platform.aws.userTags

A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates.

Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the <key>: <value> format. For more information about AWS tags, see Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources in the AWS documentation.

platform.aws.subnets

If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same machineNetwork[].cidr ranges that you specify. For a standard cluster, specify a public and a private subnet for each availability zone. For a private cluster, specify a private subnet for each availability zone.

Valid subnet IDs.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.5. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.5.6.3. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.16. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - us-west-2a
      - us-west-2b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - us-west-2c
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-west-2
11 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
12 

    serviceEndpoints:
13 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com
fips: false
14 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
15 

pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
16
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1 10 11 16
Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
12
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
13
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
14
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

15
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.5.7. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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4.5.9. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.5.12. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) with customized network configuration options. By customizing your network configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations.

You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation, and you can modify only kubeProxy configuration parameters in a running cluster.

4.6.1. Prerequisites
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.6.4. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

4.6.5. Network configuration phases
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There are two phases prior to OpenShift Container Platform installation where you can customize the network configuration.

Phase 1

You can customize the following network-related fields in the install-config.yaml file before you create the manifest files:

  • networking.networkType
  • networking.clusterNetwork
  • networking.serviceNetwork

  • networking.machineNetwork

    For more information on these fields, refer to Installation configuration parameters.

    Note

    Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

Phase 2
After creating the manifest files by running openshift-install create manifests, you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify. You can use the manifest to specify advanced network configuration.

You cannot override the values specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml file during phase 2. However, you can further customize the cluster network provider during phase 2.

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Prerequisites

  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
  • Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: 

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select AWS as the platform to target.
      3. If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
      4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
  2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

4.6.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.6.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.6. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
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4.6.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.7. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
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networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.6.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.8. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set publish to Internal. The default value is External.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.6.6.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
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Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.9. Optional AWS parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

compute.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot compute machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

compute.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the compute machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.iops

The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume.

Integer, for example 4000.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.size

The size in GiB of the root volume.

Integer, for example 500.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.type

The type of the root volume.

Valid AWS EBS volume type, such as io1.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of worker nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID or the key ARN.

compute.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the compute machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m4.2xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

compute.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

compute.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in.

Any valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

controlPlane.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot control plane machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the control plane machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

controlPlane.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of control plane nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID and the key ARN.

controlPlane.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m5.xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

controlPlane.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

controlPlane.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in.

Valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot all machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

platform.aws.hostedZone

An existing Route 53 private hosted zone for the cluster. You can only use a pre-existing hosted zone when also supplying your own VPC. The hosted zone must already be associated with the user-provided VPC before installation. Also, the domain of the hosted zone must be the cluster domain or a parent of the cluster domain. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.

String, for example Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.name

The AWS service endpoint name. Custom endpoints are only required for cases where alternative AWS endpoints, like FIPS, must be used. Custom API endpoints can be specified for EC2, S3, IAM, Elastic Load Balancing, Tagging, Route 53, and STS AWS services.

Valid AWS service endpoint name.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.url

The AWS service endpoint URL. The URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.

Valid AWS service endpoint URL.

platform.aws.userTags

A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates.

Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the <key>: <value> format. For more information about AWS tags, see Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources in the AWS documentation.

platform.aws.subnets

If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same machineNetwork[].cidr ranges that you specify. For a standard cluster, specify a public and a private subnet for each availability zone. For a private cluster, specify a private subnet for each availability zone.

Valid subnet IDs.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.10. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.6.6.3. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.17. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - us-west-2a
      - us-west-2b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - us-west-2c
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
11 

  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-west-2
12 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
13 

    serviceEndpoints:
14 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com
fips: false
15 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
16 

pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
17
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
1 10 12 17
Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7 11
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
13
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
14
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
15
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

16
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.6.7. Cluster Network Operator configuration
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The configuration for the cluster network is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration and stored in a custom resource (CR) object that is named cluster. The CR specifies the fields for the Network API in the operator.openshift.io API group.

The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network API in the Network.config.openshift.io API group and these fields cannot be changed:

clusterNetwork
IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.
serviceNetwork
IP address pool for services.
defaultNetwork.type
Cluster network provider, such as OpenShift SDN or OVN-Kubernetes.

You can specify the cluster network provider configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork object in the CNO object named cluster.

The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.11. Cluster Network Operator configuration object
FieldTypeDescription

metadata.name

string

The name of the CNO object. This name is always cluster.

spec.clusterNetwork

array

A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example: 

spec:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/19
    hostPrefix: 23
  - cidr: 10.128.32.0/19
    hostPrefix: 23
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can customize this field only in the install-config.yaml file before you create the manifests. The value is read-only in the manifest file.

spec.serviceNetwork

array

A block of IP addresses for services. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. For example: 

spec:
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/14
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can customize this field only in the install-config.yaml file before you create the manifests. The value is read-only in the manifest file.

spec.defaultNetwork

object

Configures the Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider for the cluster network.

spec.kubeProxyConfig

object

The fields for this object specify the kube-proxy configuration. If you are using the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network provider, the kube-proxy configuration has no effect.

defaultNetwork object configuration

The values for the defaultNetwork object are defined in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.12. defaultNetwork object
FieldTypeDescription

type

string

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. The cluster network provider is selected during installation. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

Note

OpenShift Container Platform uses the OpenShift SDN Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider by default.

openshiftSDNConfig

object

This object is only valid for the OpenShift SDN cluster network provider.

ovnKubernetesConfig

object

This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network provider.

Configuration for the OpenShift SDN CNI cluster network provider

The following table describes the configuration fields for the OpenShift SDN Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider.

Expand
Table 4.13. openshiftSDNConfig object
FieldTypeDescription

mode

string

Configures the network isolation mode for OpenShift SDN. The default value is NetworkPolicy.

The values Multitenant and Subnet are available for backwards compatibility with OpenShift Container Platform 3.x but are not recommended. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

mtu

integer

The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the VXLAN overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU.

If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.

If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to 50 less than the lowest MTU value in your cluster. For example, if some nodes in your cluster have an MTU of 9001, and some have an MTU of 1500, you must set this value to 1450.

This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

vxlanPort

integer

The port to use for all VXLAN packets. The default value is 4789. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

If you are running in a virtualized environment with existing nodes that are part of another VXLAN network, then you might be required to change this. For example, when running an OpenShift SDN overlay on top of VMware NSX-T, you must select an alternate port for the VXLAN, because both SDNs use the same default VXLAN port number.

On Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can select an alternate port for the VXLAN between port 9000 and port 9999.

Example OpenShift SDN configuration

defaultNetwork:
  type: OpenShiftSDN
  openshiftSDNConfig:
    mode: NetworkPolicy
    mtu: 1450
    vxlanPort: 4789
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Configuration for the OVN-Kubernetes CNI cluster network provider

The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes CNI cluster network provider.

Expand
Table 4.14. ovnKubernetesConfig object
FieldTypeDescription

mtu

integer

The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU.

If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.

If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to 100 less than the lowest MTU value in your cluster. For example, if some nodes in your cluster have an MTU of 9001, and some have an MTU of 1500, you must set this value to 1400.

This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

genevePort

integer

The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is 6081. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

ipsecConfig

object

Specify an empty object to enable IPsec encryption. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

policyAuditConfig

object

Specify a configuration object for customizing network policy audit logging. If unset, the defaults audit log settings are used.

Expand
Table 4.15. policyAuditConfig object
FieldTypeDescription

rateLimit

integer

The maximum number of messages to generate every second per node. The default value is 20 messages per second.

maxFileSize

integer

The maximum size for the audit log in bytes. The default value is 50000000 or 50 MB.

destination

string

One of the following additional audit log targets:

libc
The libc syslog() function of the journald process on the host.
udp:<host>:<port>
A syslog server. Replace <host>:<port> with the host and port of the syslog server.
unix:<file>
A Unix Domain Socket file specified by <file>.
null
Do not send the audit logs to any additional target.

syslogFacility

string

The syslog facility, such as kern, as defined by RFC5424. The default value is local0.

Example OVN-Kubernetes configuration

defaultNetwork:
  type: OVNKubernetes
  ovnKubernetesConfig:
    mtu: 1400
    genevePort: 6081
    ipsecConfig: {}
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

kubeProxyConfig object configuration

The values for the kubeProxyConfig object are defined in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.16. kubeProxyConfig object
FieldTypeDescription

iptablesSyncPeriod

string

The refresh period for iptables rules. The default value is 30s. Valid suffixes include s, m, and h and are described in the Go time package documentation.

Note

Because of performance improvements introduced in OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 and greater, adjusting the iptablesSyncPeriod parameter is no longer necessary.

proxyArguments.iptables-min-sync-period

array

The minimum duration before refreshing iptables rules. This field ensures that the refresh does not happen too frequently. Valid suffixes include s, m, and h and are described in the Go time package. The default value is: 

kubeProxyConfig:
  proxyArguments:
    iptables-min-sync-period:
    - 0s
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.6.8. Specifying advanced network configuration
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You can use advanced network configuration for your cluster network provider to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment. You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.

Important

Customizing your network configuration by modifying the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported.

Prerequisites

  • You have created the install-config.yaml file and completed any modifications to it.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests: 

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <installation_directory> specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

  2. Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory: 

    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the cluster-network-03-config.yml file, such as in the following examples:

    Specify a different VXLAN port for the OpenShift SDN network provider

    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    openshiftSDNConfig:
      vxlanPort: 4800
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Enable IPsec for the OVN-Kubernetes network provider

    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    ovnKubernetesConfig:
      ipsecConfig: {}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program consumes the manifests/ directory when you create the Ignition config files.
Note

For more information on using a Network Load Balancer (NLB) on AWS, see Configuring Ingress cluster traffic on AWS using a Network Load Balancer.

You can create an Ingress Controller backed by an AWS Network Load Balancer (NLB) on a new cluster.

Prerequisites

  • Create the install-config.yaml file and complete any modifications to it.

Procedure

Create an Ingress Controller backed by an AWS NLB on a new cluster.

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests: 

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

  2. Create a file that is named cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory: 

    $ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.

    After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the manifests/ directory, as shown: 

    $ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Open the cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want: 

    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: IngressController
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: default
  namespace: openshift-ingress-operator
spec:
  endpointPublishingStrategy:
    loadBalancer:
      scope: External
      providerParameters:
        type: AWS
        aws:
          type: NLB
    type: LoadBalancerService
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  4. Save the cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file and quit the text editor.
  5. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file. The installation program deletes the manifests/ directory when creating the cluster.

You can configure your cluster to use hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes. This allows a hybrid cluster that supports different node networking configurations. For example, this is necessary to run both Linux and Windows nodes in a cluster.

Important

You must configure hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes during the installation of your cluster. You cannot switch to hybrid networking after the installation process.

Prerequisites

  • You defined OVNKubernetes for the networking.networkType parameter in the install-config.yaml file. See the installation documentation for configuring OpenShift Container Platform network customizations on your chosen cloud provider for more information.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests: 

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    where:

    <installation_directory>
    Specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

  2. Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory: 

    $ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    where:

    <installation_directory>
    Specifies the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.

  3. Open the cluster-network-03-config.yml file in an editor and configure OVN-Kubernetes with hybrid networking, such as in the following example:

    Specify a hybrid networking configuration

    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    ovnKubernetesConfig:
      hybridOverlayConfig:
        hybridClusterNetwork:
    1 
    
        - cidr: 10.132.0.0/14
          hostPrefix: 23
        hybridOverlayVXLANPort: 9898
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1
    Specify the CIDR configuration used for nodes on the additional overlay network. The hybridClusterNetwork CIDR cannot overlap with the clusterNetwork CIDR.
    2
    Specify a custom VXLAN port for the additional overlay network. This is required for running Windows nodes in a cluster installed on vSphere, and must not be configured for any other cloud provider. The custom port can be any open port excluding the default 4789 port. For more information on this requirement, see the Microsoft documentation on Pod-to-pod connectivity between hosts is broken.
    Note

    Windows Server Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC): Windows Server 2019 is not supported on clusters with a custom hybridOverlayVXLANPort value because this Windows server version does not support selecting a custom VXLAN port.

  4. Save the cluster-network-03-config.yml file and quit the text editor.
  5. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program deletes the manifests/ directory when creating the cluster.
Note

For more information on using Linux and Windows nodes in the same cluster, see Understanding Windows container workloads.

4.6.11. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.6.13. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.6.16. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content on an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

4.7.1. Prerequisites
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  • You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
  • You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.

  • You mirrored the images for a disconnected installation to your registry and obtained the imageContentSources data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.

    Important

    Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.

  • You have an existing VPC in AWS. When installing to a restricted network using installer-provisioned infrastructure, you cannot use the installer-provisioned VPC. You must use a user-provisioned VPC that satisfies one of the following requirements:

    • Contains the mirror registry
    • Has firewall rules or a peering connection to access the mirror registry hosted elsewhere

  • You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.

    Important

    If you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-lived credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.

  • You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer (Linux, macOS, or Unix) in the AWS documentation.

  • If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.

    Note

    If you are configuring a proxy, be sure to also review this site list.

  • If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

4.7.2. About installations in restricted networks
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.

If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.

To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift Container Platform registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.

4.7.2.1. Additional limits
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Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:

  • The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error.
  • By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.

4.7.3. About using a custom VPC
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.

Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.

4.7.3.1. Requirements for using your VPC
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The installation program no longer creates the following components:

  • Internet gateways
  • NAT gateways
  • Subnets
  • Route tables
  • VPCs
  • VPC DHCP options
  • VPC endpoints
Note

The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.

If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Amazon VPC console wizard configurations and Work with VPCs and subnets in the AWS documentation for more information on creating and managing an AWS VPC.

The installation program cannot:

  • Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
  • Set route tables for the subnets.
  • Set VPC options like DHCP.

You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.

Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:

  • The VPC must not use the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned tag.

    The installation program modifies your subnets to add the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify.

  • You must enable the enableDnsSupport and enableDnsHostnames attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.

    If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the platform.aws.hostedZone field in the install-config.yaml file.

  • If you use a cluster with public access, you must create a public and a private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses. Each availability zone can contain no more than one public and one private subnet.

If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To resolve this, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. The endpoints should be named as follows:

Government regions

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Top secret region

  • ec2.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • s3.<region>.c2s.ic.gov

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

4.7.3.2. VPC validation
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To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

  • All the subnets that you specify exist.
  • You provide private subnets.
  • The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
  • You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
  • You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.

If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag is removed from the subnets that it used.

4.7.3.3. Division of permissions
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Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.

The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.

4.7.3.4. Isolation between clusters
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If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:

  • You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
  • ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
  • TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Prerequisites

  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
  • Have the imageContentSources values that were generated during mirror registry creation.
  • Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
  • Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: 

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select AWS as the platform to target.
      3. If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
      4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.

  2. Edit the install-config.yaml file to provide the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.

    1. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry: 

      pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For <mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.

    2. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value. 

      additionalTrustBundle: |
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry, which can be an existing, trusted certificate authority or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.

    3. Define the subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in: 

      subnets:
- subnet-1
- subnet-2
- subnet-3
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    4. Add the image content resources, which look like this excerpt: 

      imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      To complete these values, use the imageContentSources that you recorded during mirror registry creation.

  3. Make any other modifications to the install-config.yaml file that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.

  4. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

4.7.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.7.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.17. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.7.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.18. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.7.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.19. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set publish to Internal. The default value is External.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.7.6.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
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Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.20. Optional AWS parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

compute.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot compute machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

compute.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the compute machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.iops

The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume.

Integer, for example 4000.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.size

The size in GiB of the root volume.

Integer, for example 500.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.type

The type of the root volume.

Valid AWS EBS volume type, such as io1.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of worker nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID or the key ARN.

compute.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the compute machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m4.2xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

compute.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

compute.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in.

Any valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

controlPlane.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot control plane machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the control plane machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

controlPlane.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of control plane nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID and the key ARN.

controlPlane.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m5.xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

controlPlane.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

controlPlane.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in.

Valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot all machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

platform.aws.hostedZone

An existing Route 53 private hosted zone for the cluster. You can only use a pre-existing hosted zone when also supplying your own VPC. The hosted zone must already be associated with the user-provided VPC before installation. Also, the domain of the hosted zone must be the cluster domain or a parent of the cluster domain. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.

String, for example Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.name

The AWS service endpoint name. Custom endpoints are only required for cases where alternative AWS endpoints, like FIPS, must be used. Custom API endpoints can be specified for EC2, S3, IAM, Elastic Load Balancing, Tagging, Route 53, and STS AWS services.

Valid AWS service endpoint name.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.url

The AWS service endpoint URL. The URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.

Valid AWS service endpoint URL.

platform.aws.userTags

A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates.

Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the <key>: <value> format. For more information about AWS tags, see Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources in the AWS documentation.

platform.aws.subnets

If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same machineNetwork[].cidr ranges that you specify. For a standard cluster, specify a public and a private subnet for each availability zone. For a private cluster, specify a private subnet for each availability zone.

Valid subnet IDs.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.21. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - us-west-2a
      - us-west-2b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - us-west-2c
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-west-2
11 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    subnets:
12 

    - subnet-1
    - subnet-2
    - subnet-3
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
13 

    serviceEndpoints:
14 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com
    hostedZone: Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
15 

fips: false
16 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
17 

pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
18 

additionalTrustBundle: |
19 

    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
imageContentSources:
20 

- mirrors:
  - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
1 10 11
Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
12
If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
13
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
14
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
15
The ID of your existing Route 53 private hosted zone. Providing an existing hosted zone requires that you supply your own VPC and the hosted zone is already associated with the VPC prior to installing your cluster. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.
16
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

17
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

18
For <local_registry>, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example registry.example.com or registry.example.com:5000. For <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.
19
Provide the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry.
20
Provide the imageContentSources section from the output of the command to mirror the repository.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.7.7. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
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    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
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After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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4.7.9. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
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    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
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    Example output

    system:admin
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4.7.10. Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
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Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.

Procedure

  • Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding disableAllDefaultSources: true to the OperatorHub object: 

    $ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \
    -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
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Tip

Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration → Cluster Settings → Configuration → OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, delete, disable, and enable individual sources.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.7.12. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster into an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Amazon Web Services (AWS). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

4.8.1. Prerequisites
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4.8.2. About using a custom VPC
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.

Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.

4.8.2.1. Requirements for using your VPC
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The installation program no longer creates the following components:

  • Internet gateways
  • NAT gateways
  • Subnets
  • Route tables
  • VPCs
  • VPC DHCP options
  • VPC endpoints
Note

The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.

If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Amazon VPC console wizard configurations and Work with VPCs and subnets in the AWS documentation for more information on creating and managing an AWS VPC.

The installation program cannot:

  • Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
  • Set route tables for the subnets.
  • Set VPC options like DHCP.

You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.

Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:

  • Create a public and private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses. Each availability zone can contain no more than one public and one private subnet. For an example of this type of configuration, see VPC with public and private subnets (NAT) in the AWS documentation.

    Record each subnet ID. Completing the installation requires that you enter these values in the platform section of the install-config.yaml file. See Finding a subnet ID in the AWS documentation.

  • The VPC’s CIDR block must contain the Networking.MachineCIDR range, which is the IP address pool for cluster machines. The subnet CIDR blocks must belong to the machine CIDR that you specify.

  • The VPC must have a public internet gateway attached to it. For each availability zone:

    • The public subnet requires a route to the internet gateway.
    • The public subnet requires a NAT gateway with an EIP address.
    • The private subnet requires a route to the NAT gateway in public subnet.

  • The VPC must not use the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned tag.

    The installation program modifies your subnets to add the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify.

  • You must enable the enableDnsSupport and enableDnsHostnames attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.

    If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the platform.aws.hostedZone field in the install-config.yaml file.

If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To resolve this, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. The endpoints should be named as follows:

Government regions

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Top secret region

  • ec2.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • s3.<region>.c2s.ic.gov

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

4.8.2.2. VPC validation
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To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

  • All the subnets that you specify exist.
  • You provide private subnets.
  • The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
  • You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
  • You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.

If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag is removed from the subnets that it used.

4.8.2.3. Division of permissions
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Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.

The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.

4.8.2.4. Isolation between clusters
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If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:

  • You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
  • ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
  • TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
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    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
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      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
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    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
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Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.8.5. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
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  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Prerequisites

  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
  • Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: 

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
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      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select AWS as the platform to target.
      3. If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
      4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
  2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

4.8.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.8.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.22. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
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4.8.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.23. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
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networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.8.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.24. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set publish to Internal. The default value is External.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.8.6.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
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Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.25. Optional AWS parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

compute.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot compute machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

compute.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the compute machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.iops

The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume.

Integer, for example 4000.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.size

The size in GiB of the root volume.

Integer, for example 500.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.type

The type of the root volume.

Valid AWS EBS volume type, such as io1.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of worker nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID or the key ARN.

compute.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the compute machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m4.2xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

compute.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

compute.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in.

Any valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

controlPlane.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot control plane machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the control plane machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

controlPlane.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of control plane nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID and the key ARN.

controlPlane.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m5.xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

controlPlane.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

controlPlane.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in.

Valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot all machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

platform.aws.hostedZone

An existing Route 53 private hosted zone for the cluster. You can only use a pre-existing hosted zone when also supplying your own VPC. The hosted zone must already be associated with the user-provided VPC before installation. Also, the domain of the hosted zone must be the cluster domain or a parent of the cluster domain. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.

String, for example Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.name

The AWS service endpoint name. Custom endpoints are only required for cases where alternative AWS endpoints, like FIPS, must be used. Custom API endpoints can be specified for EC2, S3, IAM, Elastic Load Balancing, Tagging, Route 53, and STS AWS services.

Valid AWS service endpoint name.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.url

The AWS service endpoint URL. The URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.

Valid AWS service endpoint URL.

platform.aws.userTags

A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates.

Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the <key>: <value> format. For more information about AWS tags, see Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources in the AWS documentation.

platform.aws.subnets

If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same machineNetwork[].cidr ranges that you specify. For a standard cluster, specify a public and a private subnet for each availability zone. For a private cluster, specify a private subnet for each availability zone.

Valid subnet IDs.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.26. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.8.6.3. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.18. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - us-west-2a
      - us-west-2b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - us-west-2c
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-west-2
11 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    subnets:
12 

    - subnet-1
    - subnet-2
    - subnet-3
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
13 

    serviceEndpoints:
14 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com
    hostedZone: Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
15 

fips: false
16 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
17 

pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
18
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
1 10 11 18
Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
12
If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
13
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
14
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
15
The ID of your existing Route 53 private hosted zone. Providing an existing hosted zone requires that you supply your own VPC and the hosted zone is already associated with the VPC prior to installing your cluster. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.
16
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

17
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.8.7. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.8.9. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.8.12. Next steps
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4.9. Installing a private cluster on AWS
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a private cluster into an existing VPC on Amazon Web Services (AWS). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

4.9.1. Prerequisites
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4.9.2. Private clusters
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You can deploy a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that does not expose external endpoints. Private clusters are accessible from only an internal network and are not visible to the internet.

By default, OpenShift Container Platform is provisioned to use publicly-accessible DNS and endpoints. A private cluster sets the DNS, Ingress Controller, and API server to private when you deploy your cluster. This means that the cluster resources are only accessible from your internal network and are not visible to the internet.

Important

If the cluster has any public subnets, load balancer services created by administrators might be publicly accessible. To ensure cluster security, verify that these services are explicitly annotated as private.

To deploy a private cluster, you must:

  • Use existing networking that meets your requirements. Your cluster resources might be shared between other clusters on the network.

  • Deploy from a machine that has access to:

    • The API services for the cloud to which you provision.
    • The hosts on the network that you provision.
    • The internet to obtain installation media.

You can use any machine that meets these access requirements and follows your company’s guidelines. For example, this machine can be a bastion host on your cloud network or a machine that has access to the network through a VPN.

4.9.2.1. Private clusters in AWS
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To create a private cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS), you must provide an existing private VPC and subnets to host the cluster. The installation program must also be able to resolve the DNS records that the cluster requires. The installation program configures the Ingress Operator and API server for access from only the private network.

The cluster still requires access to internet to access the AWS APIs.

The following items are not required or created when you install a private cluster:

  • Public subnets
  • Public load balancers, which support public ingress
  • A public Route 53 zone that matches the baseDomain for the cluster

The installation program does use the baseDomain that you specify to create a private Route 53 zone and the required records for the cluster. The cluster is configured so that the Operators do not create public records for the cluster and all cluster machines are placed in the private subnets that you specify.

4.9.2.1.1. Limitations
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The ability to add public functionality to a private cluster is limited.

  • You cannot make the Kubernetes API endpoints public after installation without taking additional actions, including creating public subnets in the VPC for each availability zone in use, creating a public load balancer, and configuring the control plane security groups to allow traffic from the internet on 6443 (Kubernetes API port).
  • If you use a public Service type load balancer, you must tag a public subnet in each availability zone with kubernetes.io/cluster/<cluster-infra-id>: shared so that AWS can use them to create public load balancers.

4.9.3. About using a custom VPC
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.

Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.

4.9.3.1. Requirements for using your VPC
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The installation program no longer creates the following components:

  • Internet gateways
  • NAT gateways
  • Subnets
  • Route tables
  • VPCs
  • VPC DHCP options
  • VPC endpoints
Note

The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.

If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Amazon VPC console wizard configurations and Work with VPCs and subnets in the AWS documentation for more information on creating and managing an AWS VPC.

The installation program cannot:

  • Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
  • Set route tables for the subnets.
  • Set VPC options like DHCP.

You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.

Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:

  • The VPC must not use the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned tag.

    The installation program modifies your subnets to add the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify.

  • You must enable the enableDnsSupport and enableDnsHostnames attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.

    If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the platform.aws.hostedZone field in the install-config.yaml file.

  • If you use a cluster with public access, you must create a public and a private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses. Each availability zone can contain no more than one public and one private subnet.

If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To resolve this, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. The endpoints should be named as follows:

Government regions

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Top secret region

  • ec2.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • s3.<region>.c2s.ic.gov

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

4.9.3.2. VPC validation
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To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

  • All the subnets that you specify exist.
  • You provide private subnets.
  • The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
  • You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
  • You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.

If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag is removed from the subnets that it used.

4.9.3.3. Division of permissions
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Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.

The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.

4.9.3.4. Isolation between clusters
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If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:

  • You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
  • ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
  • TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
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    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
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Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.9.6. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
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  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

For installations of a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that are only accessible from an internal network and are not visible to the internet, you must manually generate your installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
  • You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in: 

    $ mkdir <installation_directory>
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    Important

    You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

  2. Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.

    Note

    You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.

    Note

    For some platform types, you can alternatively run ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> to generate an install-config.yaml file. You can provide details about your cluster configuration at the prompts.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

4.9.7.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.9.7.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.27. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
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4.9.7.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.28. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
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networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
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networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.9.7.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.29. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set publish to Internal. The default value is External.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
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4.9.7.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
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Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.30. Optional AWS parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

compute.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot compute machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

compute.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the compute machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.iops

The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume.

Integer, for example 4000.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.size

The size in GiB of the root volume.

Integer, for example 500.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.type

The type of the root volume.

Valid AWS EBS volume type, such as io1.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of worker nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID or the key ARN.

compute.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the compute machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m4.2xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

compute.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

compute.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in.

Any valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

controlPlane.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot control plane machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the control plane machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

controlPlane.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of control plane nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID and the key ARN.

controlPlane.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m5.xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

controlPlane.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

controlPlane.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in.

Valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot all machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

platform.aws.hostedZone

An existing Route 53 private hosted zone for the cluster. You can only use a pre-existing hosted zone when also supplying your own VPC. The hosted zone must already be associated with the user-provided VPC before installation. Also, the domain of the hosted zone must be the cluster domain or a parent of the cluster domain. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.

String, for example Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.name

The AWS service endpoint name. Custom endpoints are only required for cases where alternative AWS endpoints, like FIPS, must be used. Custom API endpoints can be specified for EC2, S3, IAM, Elastic Load Balancing, Tagging, Route 53, and STS AWS services.

Valid AWS service endpoint name.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.url

The AWS service endpoint URL. The URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.

Valid AWS service endpoint URL.

platform.aws.userTags

A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates.

Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the <key>: <value> format. For more information about AWS tags, see Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources in the AWS documentation.

platform.aws.subnets

If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same machineNetwork[].cidr ranges that you specify. For a standard cluster, specify a public and a private subnet for each availability zone. For a private cluster, specify a private subnet for each availability zone.

Valid subnet IDs.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.31. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.9.7.3. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.19. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - us-west-2a
      - us-west-2b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - us-west-2c
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-west-2
11 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    subnets:
12 

    - subnet-1
    - subnet-2
    - subnet-3
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
13 

    serviceEndpoints:
14 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com
    hostedZone: Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
15 

fips: false
16 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
17 

publish: Internal
18 

pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
19
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
1 10 11 19
Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
12
If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
13
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
14
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
15
The ID of your existing Route 53 private hosted zone. Providing an existing hosted zone requires that you supply your own VPC and the hosted zone is already associated with the VPC prior to installing your cluster. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.
16
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

17
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

18
How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set publish to Internal to deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value is External.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.9.8. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.9.10. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.9.13. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) into a government or secret region. To configure the region, modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

4.10.1. Prerequisites
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4.10.2. AWS government and secret regions
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OpenShift Container Platform supports deploying a cluster to AWS GovCloud (US) regions and the AWS Commercial Cloud Services (C2S) Top Secret Region. These regions are specifically designed for US government agencies at the federal, state, and local level, as well as contractors, educational institutions, and other US customers that must run sensitive workloads in the cloud.

These regions do not have published Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amazon Machine Images (AMI) to select, so you must upload a custom AMI that belongs to that region.

The following AWS GovCloud partitions are supported:

  • us-gov-west-1
  • us-gov-east-1

The following AWS Top Secret Region partition is supported:

  • us-iso-east-1
Note

The maximum supported MTU in an AWS Top Secret Region is not the same as AWS commercial. For more information about configuring MTU during installation, see the Cluster Network Operator configuration object section in Installing a cluster on AWS with network customizations.

4.10.3. Installation requirments
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Red Hat does not publish a Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amzaon Machine Image for the AWS government or secret regions.

Before you can install the cluster, you must:

  • Upload a custom RHCOS AMI.
  • Manually create the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml).
  • Specify the AWS region, and the accompanying custom AMI, in the installation configuration file.

You cannot use the OpenShift Container Platform installation program to create the installation configuration file. The installer does not list an AWS region without native support for an RHCOS AMI.

Important

If you are deploying to the C2S Top Secret Region, you must also define a custom CA certificate in the additionalTrustBundle field of the install-config.yaml file because the AWS API requires a custom CA trust bundle. To allow the installation program to access the AWS API, the CA certificates must also be defined on the machine that runs the installation program. You must add the CA bundle to the trust store on the machine, use the AWS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable, or define the CA bundle in the ca_bundle field of the AWS config file.

4.10.4. Private clusters
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You can deploy a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that does not expose external endpoints. Private clusters are accessible from only an internal network and are not visible to the internet.

Note

Public zones are not supported in Route 53 in AWS GovCloud or Top Secret Regions. Therefore, clusters must be private if they are deployed to an AWS government or secret region.

By default, OpenShift Container Platform is provisioned to use publicly-accessible DNS and endpoints. A private cluster sets the DNS, Ingress Controller, and API server to private when you deploy your cluster. This means that the cluster resources are only accessible from your internal network and are not visible to the internet.

Important

If the cluster has any public subnets, load balancer services created by administrators might be publicly accessible. To ensure cluster security, verify that these services are explicitly annotated as private.

To deploy a private cluster, you must:

  • Use existing networking that meets your requirements. Your cluster resources might be shared between other clusters on the network.

  • Deploy from a machine that has access to:

    • The API services for the cloud to which you provision.
    • The hosts on the network that you provision.
    • The internet to obtain installation media.

You can use any machine that meets these access requirements and follows your company’s guidelines. For example, this machine can be a bastion host on your cloud network or a machine that has access to the network through a VPN.

4.10.4.1. Private clusters in AWS
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To create a private cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS), you must provide an existing private VPC and subnets to host the cluster. The installation program must also be able to resolve the DNS records that the cluster requires. The installation program configures the Ingress Operator and API server for access from only the private network.

The cluster still requires access to internet to access the AWS APIs.

The following items are not required or created when you install a private cluster:

  • Public subnets
  • Public load balancers, which support public ingress
  • A public Route 53 zone that matches the baseDomain for the cluster

The installation program does use the baseDomain that you specify to create a private Route 53 zone and the required records for the cluster. The cluster is configured so that the Operators do not create public records for the cluster and all cluster machines are placed in the private subnets that you specify.

4.10.4.1.1. Limitations
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The ability to add public functionality to a private cluster is limited.

  • You cannot make the Kubernetes API endpoints public after installation without taking additional actions, including creating public subnets in the VPC for each availability zone in use, creating a public load balancer, and configuring the control plane security groups to allow traffic from the internet on 6443 (Kubernetes API port).
  • If you use a public Service type load balancer, you must tag a public subnet in each availability zone with kubernetes.io/cluster/<cluster-infra-id>: shared so that AWS can use them to create public load balancers.

4.10.5. About using a custom VPC
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.

Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.

4.10.5.1. Requirements for using your VPC
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The installation program no longer creates the following components:

  • Internet gateways
  • NAT gateways
  • Subnets
  • Route tables
  • VPCs
  • VPC DHCP options
  • VPC endpoints
Note

The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.

If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Amazon VPC console wizard configurations and Work with VPCs and subnets in the AWS documentation for more information on creating and managing an AWS VPC.

The installation program cannot:

  • Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
  • Set route tables for the subnets.
  • Set VPC options like DHCP.

You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.

Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:

  • The VPC must not use the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned tag.

    The installation program modifies your subnets to add the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify.

  • You must enable the enableDnsSupport and enableDnsHostnames attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.

    If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the platform.aws.hostedZone field in the install-config.yaml file.

  • If you use a cluster with public access, you must create a public and a private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses. Each availability zone can contain no more than one public and one private subnet.

If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To resolve this, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. The endpoints should be named as follows:

Government regions

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Top secret region

  • ec2.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.c2s.ic.gov
  • s3.<region>.c2s.ic.gov

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

4.10.5.2. VPC validation
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To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

  • All the subnets that you specify exist.
  • You provide private subnets.
  • The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
  • You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
  • You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.

If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag is removed from the subnets that it used.

4.10.5.3. Division of permissions
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Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.

The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.

4.10.5.4. Isolation between clusters
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If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:

  • You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
  • ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
  • TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.10.8. Uploading a custom RHCOS AMI in AWS
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If you are deploying to a custom Amazon Web Services (AWS) region, you must upload a custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that belongs to that region.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You created an Amazon S3 bucket with the required IAM service role.
  • You uploaded your RHCOS VMDK file to Amazon S3. The RHCOS VMDK file must be the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version you are installing.
  • You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer.

Procedure

  1. Export your AWS profile as an environment variable: 

    $ export AWS_PROFILE=<aws_profile>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The AWS profile name that holds your AWS credentials, like govcloud.

  2. Export the region to associate with your custom AMI as an environment variable: 

    $ export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<aws_region>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The AWS region, like us-gov-east-1.

  3. Export the version of RHCOS you uploaded to Amazon S3 as an environment variable: 

    $ export RHCOS_VERSION=<version>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The RHCOS VMDK version, like 4.9.0.

  4. Export the Amazon S3 bucket name as an environment variable: 

    $ export VMIMPORT_BUCKET_NAME=<s3_bucket_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Create the containers.json file and define your RHCOS VMDK file: 

    $ cat <<EOF > containers.json
{
   "Description": "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
   "Format": "vmdk",
   "UserBucket": {
      "S3Bucket": "${VMIMPORT_BUCKET_NAME}",
      "S3Key": "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64.vmdk"
   }
}
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Import the RHCOS disk as an Amazon EBS snapshot: 

    $ aws ec2 import-snapshot --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION} \
     --description "<description>" \
    1 
    
     --disk-container "file://<file_path>/containers.json"
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The description of your RHCOS disk being imported, like rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64.
    2
    The file path to the JSON file describing your RHCOS disk. The JSON file should contain your Amazon S3 bucket name and key.

  7. Check the status of the image import: 

    $ watch -n 5 aws ec2 describe-import-snapshot-tasks --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    {
    "ImportSnapshotTasks": [
        {
            "Description": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
            "ImportTaskId": "import-snap-fh6i8uil",
            "SnapshotTaskDetail": {
                "Description": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
                "DiskImageSize": 819056640.0,
                "Format": "VMDK",
                "SnapshotId": "snap-06331325870076318",
                "Status": "completed",
                "UserBucket": {
                    "S3Bucket": "external-images",
                    "S3Key": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64.vmdk"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Copy the SnapshotId to register the image.

  8. Create a custom RHCOS AMI from the RHCOS snapshot: 

    $ aws ec2 register-image \
   --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION} \
   --architecture x86_64 \
    1 
    
   --description "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64" \
    2 
    
   --ena-support \
   --name "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64" \
    3 
    
   --virtualization-type hvm \
   --root-device-name '/dev/xvda' \
   --block-device-mappings 'DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={DeleteOnTermination=true,SnapshotId=<snapshot_ID>}'
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The RHCOS VMDK architecture type, like x86_64, s390x, or ppc64le.
    2
    The Description from the imported snapshot.
    3
    The name of the RHCOS AMI.
    4
    The SnapshotID from the imported snapshot.

To learn more about these APIs, see the AWS documentation for importing snapshots and creating EBS-backed AMIs.

4.10.9. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
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If you are deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image, you must first subscribe through AWS. Subscribing to the offer provides you with the AMI ID that the installation program uses to deploy worker nodes.

Note

Deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported in the secret regions or China regions.

Prerequisites

  • You have an AWS account to purchase the offer. This account does not have to be the same account that is used to install the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Complete the OpenShift Container Platform subscription from the AWS Marketplace.
  2. Record the AMI ID for your specific region. As part of the installation process, you must update the install-config.yaml file with this value before deploying the cluster.

Sample install-config.yaml file with AWS Marketplace worker nodes

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
compute:
- hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      amiID: ami-06c4d345f7c207239
1 

      type: m5.4xlarge
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-gov-west-1
2 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

1
The AMI ID from your AWS Marketplace subscription.
2
Your AMI ID is associated with a specific AWS region. When creating the installation configuration file, ensure that you select the same AWS region that you specified when configuring your subscription.

4.10.10. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

When installing OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS) into a region requiring a custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI, you must manually generate your installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

  • You have uploaded a custom RHCOS AMI.
  • You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
  • You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in: 

    $ mkdir <installation_directory>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Important

    You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

  2. Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.

    Note

    You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

4.10.11.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.10.11.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.32. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.10.11.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.33. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.10.11.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.34. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set publish to Internal. The default value is External.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.10.11.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
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Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.35. Optional AWS parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

compute.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot compute machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

compute.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the compute machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.iops

The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume.

Integer, for example 4000.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.size

The size in GiB of the root volume.

Integer, for example 500.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.type

The type of the root volume.

Valid AWS EBS volume type, such as io1.

compute.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of worker nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID or the key ARN.

compute.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the compute machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m4.2xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

compute.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

compute.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in.

Any valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

controlPlane.platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot control plane machines for the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole

A pre-existing AWS IAM role applied to the control plane machine pool instance profiles. You can use these fields to match naming schemes and include predefined permissions boundaries for your IAM roles. If undefined, the installation program creates a new IAM role.

The name of a valid AWS IAM role.

controlPlane.platform.aws.rootVolume.kmsKeyARN

The Amazon Resource Name (key ARN) of a KMS key. This is required to encrypt OS volumes of control plane nodes with a specific KMS key.

Valid key ID and the key ARN.

controlPlane.platform.aws.type

The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines.

Valid AWS instance type, such as m5.xlarge. See the Instance types for machines table that follows.

controlPlane.platform.aws.zones

The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool.

A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as us-east-1c, in a YAML sequence.

controlPlane.aws.region

The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in.

Valid AWS region, such as us-east-1.

platform.aws.amiID

The AWS AMI used to boot all machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster. This is required for regions that require a custom RHCOS AMI.

Any published or custom RHCOS AMI that belongs to the set AWS region.

platform.aws.hostedZone

An existing Route 53 private hosted zone for the cluster. You can only use a pre-existing hosted zone when also supplying your own VPC. The hosted zone must already be associated with the user-provided VPC before installation. Also, the domain of the hosted zone must be the cluster domain or a parent of the cluster domain. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.

String, for example Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.name

The AWS service endpoint name. Custom endpoints are only required for cases where alternative AWS endpoints, like FIPS, must be used. Custom API endpoints can be specified for EC2, S3, IAM, Elastic Load Balancing, Tagging, Route 53, and STS AWS services.

Valid AWS service endpoint name.

platform.aws.serviceEndpoints.url

The AWS service endpoint URL. The URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.

Valid AWS service endpoint URL.

platform.aws.userTags

A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates.

Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the <key>: <value> format. For more information about AWS tags, see Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources in the AWS documentation.

platform.aws.subnets

If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same machineNetwork[].cidr ranges that you specify. For a standard cluster, specify a public and a private subnet for each availability zone. For a private cluster, specify a private subnet for each availability zone.

Valid subnet IDs.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.36. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.10.11.3. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.20. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. Use it as a resource to enter parameter values into the installation configuration file that you created manually. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - us-gov-west-1a
      - us-gov-west-1b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - us-gov-west-1c
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-gov-west-1
11 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    subnets:
12 

    - subnet-1
    - subnet-2
    - subnet-3
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
13
14 

    serviceEndpoints:
15 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com
    hostedZone: Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
16 

fips: false
17 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
18 

publish: Internal
19 

pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
20 

additionalTrustBundle: |
21 

    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
1 10 11 13 20
Required.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
12
If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
14
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
15
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
16
The ID of your existing Route 53 private hosted zone. Providing an existing hosted zone requires that you supply your own VPC and the hosted zone is already associated with the VPC prior to installing your cluster. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.
17
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

18
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

19
How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set publish to Internal to deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value is External.
21
The custom CA certificate. This is required when deploying to the AWS C2S Top Secret Region because the AWS API requires a custom CA trust bundle.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.10.12. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.10.17. Next steps
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4.11. Installing a cluster on AWS China
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster to the following Amazon Web Services (AWS) China regions:

  • cn-north-1 (Beijing)
  • cn-northwest-1 (Ningxia)

4.11.1. Prerequisites
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Important

If you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use long-lived credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.

4.11.2. Installation requirments
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Red Hat does not publish a Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for the AWS China regions.

Before you can install the cluster, you must:

  • Upload a custom RHCOS AMI.
  • Manually create the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml).
  • Specify the AWS region, and the accompanying custom AMI, in the installation configuration file.

You cannot use the OpenShift Container Platform installation program to create the installation configuration file. The installer does not list an AWS region without native support for an RHCOS AMI.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

4.11.4. Private clusters
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You can deploy a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that does not expose external endpoints. Private clusters are accessible from only an internal network and are not visible to the internet.

By default, OpenShift Container Platform is provisioned to use publicly-accessible DNS and endpoints. A private cluster sets the DNS, Ingress Controller, and API server to private when you deploy your cluster. This means that the cluster resources are only accessible from your internal network and are not visible to the internet.

Important

If the cluster has any public subnets, load balancer services created by administrators might be publicly accessible. To ensure cluster security, verify that these services are explicitly annotated as private.

To deploy a private cluster, you must:

  • Use existing networking that meets your requirements. Your cluster resources might be shared between other clusters on the network.

  • Deploy from a machine that has access to:

    • The API services for the cloud to which you provision.
    • The hosts on the network that you provision.
    • The internet to obtain installation media.

You can use any machine that meets these access requirements and follows your company’s guidelines. For example, this machine can be a bastion host on your cloud network.

Note

AWS China does not support a VPN connection between the VPC and your network. For more information about the Amazon VPC service in the Beijing and Ningxia regions, see Amazon Virtual Private Cloud in the AWS China documentation.

4.11.4.1. Private clusters in AWS
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To create a private cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS), you must provide an existing private VPC and subnets to host the cluster. The installation program must also be able to resolve the DNS records that the cluster requires. The installation program configures the Ingress Operator and API server for access from only the private network.

The cluster still requires access to internet to access the AWS APIs.

The following items are not required or created when you install a private cluster:

  • Public subnets
  • Public load balancers, which support public ingress
  • A public Route 53 zone that matches the baseDomain for the cluster

The installation program does use the baseDomain that you specify to create a private Route 53 zone and the required records for the cluster. The cluster is configured so that the Operators do not create public records for the cluster and all cluster machines are placed in the private subnets that you specify.

4.11.4.1.1. Limitations
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The ability to add public functionality to a private cluster is limited.

  • You cannot make the Kubernetes API endpoints public after installation without taking additional actions, including creating public subnets in the VPC for each availability zone in use, creating a public load balancer, and configuring the control plane security groups to allow traffic from the internet on 6443 (Kubernetes API port).
  • If you use a public Service type load balancer, you must tag a public subnet in each availability zone with kubernetes.io/cluster/<cluster-infra-id>: shared so that AWS can use them to create public load balancers.

4.11.5. About using a custom VPC
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.

Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.

4.11.5.1. Requirements for using your VPC
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The installation program no longer creates the following components:

  • Internet gateways
  • NAT gateways
  • Subnets
  • Route tables
  • VPCs
  • VPC DHCP options
  • VPC endpoints
Note

The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.

If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Amazon VPC console wizard configurations and Work with VPCs and subnets in the AWS documentation for more information on creating and managing an AWS VPC.

The installation program cannot:

  • Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
  • Set route tables for the subnets.
  • Set VPC options like DHCP.

You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.

Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:

  • The VPC must not use the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned tag.

    The installation program modifies your subnets to add the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify.

  • You must enable the enableDnsSupport and enableDnsHostnames attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.

    If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the platform.aws.hostedZone field in the install-config.yaml file.

  • If you use a cluster with public access, you must create a public and a private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses. Each availability zone can contain no more than one public and one private subnet.

If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To resolve this, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. The endpoints should be named as follows:

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com.cn
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

4.11.5.2. VPC validation
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To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

  • All the subnets that you specify exist.
  • You provide private subnets.
  • The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
  • You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
  • You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.

If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared tag is removed from the subnets that it used.

4.11.5.3. Division of permissions
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Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.

The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.

4.11.5.4. Isolation between clusters
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If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:

  • You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
  • ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
  • TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
  • Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
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    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.11.7. Uploading a custom RHCOS AMI in AWS
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If you are deploying to a custom Amazon Web Services (AWS) region, you must upload a custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that belongs to that region.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You created an Amazon S3 bucket with the required IAM service role.
  • You uploaded your RHCOS VMDK file to Amazon S3. The RHCOS VMDK file must be the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version you are installing.
  • You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer.

Procedure

  1. Export your AWS profile as an environment variable: 

    $ export AWS_PROFILE=<aws_profile>
    1
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    1
    The AWS profile name that holds your AWS credentials, like beijingadmin.

  2. Export the region to associate with your custom AMI as an environment variable: 

    $ export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<aws_region>
    1
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    1
    The AWS region, like cn-north-1.

  3. Export the version of RHCOS you uploaded to Amazon S3 as an environment variable: 

    $ export RHCOS_VERSION=<version>
    1
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    1
    The RHCOS VMDK version, like 4.9.0.

  4. Export the Amazon S3 bucket name as an environment variable: 

    $ export VMIMPORT_BUCKET_NAME=<s3_bucket_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Create the containers.json file and define your RHCOS VMDK file: 

    $ cat <<EOF > containers.json
{
   "Description": "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
   "Format": "vmdk",
   "UserBucket": {
      "S3Bucket": "${VMIMPORT_BUCKET_NAME}",
      "S3Key": "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64.vmdk"
   }
}
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Import the RHCOS disk as an Amazon EBS snapshot: 

    $ aws ec2 import-snapshot --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION} \
     --description "<description>" \
    1 
    
     --disk-container "file://<file_path>/containers.json"
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The description of your RHCOS disk being imported, like rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64.
    2
    The file path to the JSON file describing your RHCOS disk. The JSON file should contain your Amazon S3 bucket name and key.

  7. Check the status of the image import: 

    $ watch -n 5 aws ec2 describe-import-snapshot-tasks --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    {
    "ImportSnapshotTasks": [
        {
            "Description": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
            "ImportTaskId": "import-snap-fh6i8uil",
            "SnapshotTaskDetail": {
                "Description": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
                "DiskImageSize": 819056640.0,
                "Format": "VMDK",
                "SnapshotId": "snap-06331325870076318",
                "Status": "completed",
                "UserBucket": {
                    "S3Bucket": "external-images",
                    "S3Key": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64.vmdk"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Copy the SnapshotId to register the image.

  8. Create a custom RHCOS AMI from the RHCOS snapshot: 

    $ aws ec2 register-image \
   --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION} \
   --architecture x86_64 \
    1 
    
   --description "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64" \
    2 
    
   --ena-support \
   --name "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64" \
    3 
    
   --virtualization-type hvm \
   --root-device-name '/dev/xvda' \
   --block-device-mappings 'DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={DeleteOnTermination=true,SnapshotId=<snapshot_ID>}'
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The RHCOS VMDK architecture type, like x86_64, s390x, or ppc64le.
    2
    The Description from the imported snapshot.
    3
    The name of the RHCOS AMI.
    4
    The SnapshotID from the imported snapshot.

To learn more about these APIs, see the AWS documentation for importing snapshots and creating EBS-backed AMIs.

4.11.8. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

When installing OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS) into a region requiring a custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI, you must manually generate your installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

  • You have uploaded a custom RHCOS AMI.
  • You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
  • You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in: 

    $ mkdir <installation_directory>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Important

    You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

  2. Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.

    Note

    You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

4.11.9.1. Installation configuration parameters
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Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Important

The openshift-install command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.

4.11.9.1.1. Required configuration parameters
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Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.37. Required parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installer may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

pullSecret

Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. 

{
   "auths":{
      "cloud.openshift.com":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      },
      "quay.io":{
         "auth":"b3Blb=",
         "email":"you@example.com"
      }
   }
}
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
4.11.9.1.2. Network configuration parameters
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You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Expand
Table 4.38. Network parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

Note

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. OpenShiftSDN is a CNI provider for all-Linux networks. OVNKubernetes is a CNI provider for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is OpenShiftSDN.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: 

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example: 

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Note

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

4.11.9.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
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Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Expand
Table 4.39. Optional parameters
ParameterDescriptionValues

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

controlPlane.hyperthreading

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

aws, azure, gcp, openstack, ovirt, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Note

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

Note

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

fips

Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is false (disabled). If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

Note

If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode.

false or true

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. The default value is External.

Setting this field to Internal is not supported on non-cloud platforms.

sshKey

The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.

Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

One or more keys. For example: 

sshKey:
  <key1>
  <key2>
  <key3>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. Use it as a resource to enter parameter values into the installation configuration file that you created manually. 

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
1 

credentialsMode: Mint
2 

controlPlane:
3
4 

  hyperthreading: Enabled
5 

  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      zones:
      - cn-north-1a
      - cn-north-1b
      rootVolume:
        iops: 4000
        size: 500
        type: io1
6 

      type: m5.xlarge
  replicas: 3
compute:
7 

- hyperthreading: Enabled
8 

  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      rootVolume:
        iops: 2000
        size: 500
        type: io1
9 

      type: c5.4xlarge
      zones:
      - cn-north-1a
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
10 

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OpenShiftSDN
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  aws:
    region: cn-north-1
11 

    userTags:
      adminContact: jdoe
      costCenter: 7536
    subnets:
12 

    - subnet-1
    - subnet-2
    - subnet-3
    amiID: ami-96c6f8f7
13
14 

    serviceEndpoints:
15 

      - name: ec2
        url: https://vpce-id.ec2.cn-north-1.vpce.amazonaws.com.cn
    hostedZone: Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
16 

fips: false
17 

sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
18 

publish: Internal
19 

pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
20
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
1 10 11 13 20
Required.
2
Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode, instead of having the CCO dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Platform Operators reference content.
3 7
If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
4
The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
5 8
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as m4.2xlarge or m5.2xlarge, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

6 9
To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as io1 and set iops to 2000.
12
If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
14
The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
15
The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the https protocol and the host must trust the certificate.
16
The ID of your existing Route 53 private hosted zone. Providing an existing hosted zone requires that you supply your own VPC and the hosted zone is already associated with the VPC prior to installing your cluster. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.
17
Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
Important

The use of FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the x86_64 architecture.

18
You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note

For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

19
How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set publish to Internal to deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value is External.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.40. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.11.9.4. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.21. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com.cn, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.11.10. Deploying the cluster
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You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
  • Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment: 

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

    When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

    Example output

    ...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The cluster access and credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log when an installation succeeds.

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
    Important

    You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Remove or disable the AdministratorAccess policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.

    Note

    The elevated permissions provided by the AdministratorAccess policy are required only during installation.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.11.15. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) that uses infrastructure that you provide.

One way to create this infrastructure is to use the provided CloudFormation templates. You can modify the templates to customize your infrastructure or use the information that they contain to create AWS objects according to your company’s policies.

Important

The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several CloudFormation templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.

4.12.1. Prerequisites
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.

The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:

Expand
Table 4.41. Minimum required hosts
HostsDescription

One temporary bootstrap machine

The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster.

Three control plane machines

The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane.

At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines.

The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines.

Important

To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.

The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7.9, or RHEL 8.4.

Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.42. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.12.3.3. Certificate signing requests management
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Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

4.12.3.4. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.22. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

4.12.4. Required AWS infrastructure components
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To install OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you must manually create both the machines and their supporting infrastructure.

For more information about the integration testing for different platforms, see the OpenShift Container Platform 4.x Tested Integrations page.

By using the provided CloudFormation templates, you can create stacks of AWS resources that represent the following components:

  • An AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
  • Networking and load balancing components
  • Security groups and roles
  • An OpenShift Container Platform bootstrap node
  • OpenShift Container Platform control plane nodes
  • An OpenShift Container Platform compute node

Alternatively, you can manually create the components or you can reuse existing infrastructure that meets the cluster requirements. Review the CloudFormation templates for more details about how the components interrelate.

4.12.4.1. Other infrastructure components
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  • A VPC
  • DNS entries
  • Load balancers (classic or network) and listeners
  • A public and a private Route 53 zone
  • Security groups
  • IAM roles
  • S3 buckets

If you are working in a disconnected environment or use a proxy, you cannot reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To reach these endpoints, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. Create the following endpoints:

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

Required DNS and load balancing components

Your DNS and load balancer configuration needs to use a public hosted zone and can use a private hosted zone similar to the one that the installation program uses if it provisions the cluster’s infrastructure. You must create a DNS entry that resolves to your load balancer. An entry for api.<cluster_name>.<domain> must point to the external load balancer, and an entry for api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain> must point to the internal load balancer.

The cluster also requires load balancers and listeners for port 6443, which are required for the Kubernetes API and its extensions, and port 22623, which are required for the Ignition config files for new machines. The targets will be the control plane nodes. Port 6443 must be accessible to both clients external to the cluster and nodes within the cluster. Port 22623 must be accessible to nodes within the cluster.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

DNS

AWS::Route53::HostedZone

The hosted zone for your internal DNS.

etcd record sets

AWS::Route53::RecordSet

The registration records for etcd for your control plane machines.

Public load balancer

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer

The load balancer for your public subnets.

External API server record

AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup

Alias records for the external API server.

External listener

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener

A listener on port 6443 for the external load balancer.

External target group

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup

The target group for the external load balancer.

Private load balancer

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer

The load balancer for your private subnets.

Internal API server record

AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup

Alias records for the internal API server.

Internal listener

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener

A listener on port 22623 for the internal load balancer.

Internal target group

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup

The target group for the internal load balancer.

Internal listener

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener

A listener on port 6443 for the internal load balancer.

Internal target group

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup

The target group for the internal load balancer.

Security groups

The control plane and worker machines require access to the following ports:

Expand
GroupTypeIP ProtocolPort range

MasterSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

icmp

0

tcp

22

tcp

6443

tcp

22623

WorkerSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

icmp

0

tcp

22

BootstrapSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

tcp

22

tcp

19531

Control plane Ingress

The control plane machines require the following Ingress groups. Each Ingress group is a AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress resource.

Expand
Ingress groupDescriptionIP protocolPort range

MasterIngressEtcd

etcd

tcp

2379- 2380

MasterIngressVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

MasterIngressWorkerVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

MasterIngressInternal

Internal cluster communication and Kubernetes proxy metrics

tcp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressWorkerInternal

Internal cluster communication

tcp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager

tcp

10250 - 10259

MasterIngressWorkerKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager

tcp

10250 - 10259

MasterIngressIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

MasterIngressWorkerIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

MasterIngressGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

MasterIngressWorkerGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

MasterIngressIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

MasterIngressWorkerIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

MasterIngressIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

MasterIngressWorkerIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

MasterIngressIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

MasterIngressWorkerIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

MasterIngressInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressWorkerInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

MasterIngressWorkerIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

Worker Ingress

The worker machines require the following Ingress groups. Each Ingress group is a AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress resource.

Expand
Ingress groupDescriptionIP protocolPort range

WorkerIngressVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

WorkerIngressWorkerVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

WorkerIngressInternal

Internal cluster communication

tcp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressWorkerInternal

Internal cluster communication

tcp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler, and controller manager

tcp

10250

WorkerIngressWorkerKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler, and controller manager

tcp

10250

WorkerIngressIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

WorkerIngressWorkerIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

WorkerIngressGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

WorkerIngressMasterGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

WorkerIngressIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

WorkerIngressMasterIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

WorkerIngressIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

WorkerIngressMasterIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

WorkerIngressIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

WorkerIngressMasterIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

WorkerIngressInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressMasterInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

WorkerIngressMasterIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

Roles and instance profiles

You must grant the machines permissions in AWS. The provided CloudFormation templates grant the machines Allow permissions for the following AWS::IAM::Role objects and provide a AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile for each set of roles. If you do not use the templates, you can grant the machines the following broad permissions or the following individual permissions.

Expand
RoleEffectActionResource

Master

Allow

ec2:*

*

Allow

elasticloadbalancing:*

*

Allow

iam:PassRole

*

Allow

s3:GetObject

*

Worker

Allow

ec2:Describe*

*

Bootstrap

Allow

ec2:Describe*

*

Allow

ec2:AttachVolume

*

Allow

ec2:DetachVolume

*

4.12.4.2. Cluster machines
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You need AWS::EC2::Instance objects for the following machines:

  • A bootstrap machine. This machine is required during installation, but you can remove it after your cluster deploys.
  • Three control plane machines. The control plane machines are not governed by a machine set.
  • Compute machines. You must create at least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, during installation. These machines are not governed by a machine set.
Note

Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region.

When you attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the IAM user that you create in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you grant that user all of the required permissions. To deploy all components of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, the IAM user requires the following permissions:

Example 4.23. Required EC2 permissions for installation

  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress
  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:CopyImage
  • ec2:CreateNetworkInterface
  • ec2:AttachNetworkInterface
  • ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
  • ec2:CreateTags
  • ec2:CreateVolume
  • ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
  • ec2:DeleteSnapshot
  • ec2:DeleteTags
  • ec2:DeregisterImage
  • ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes
  • ec2:DescribeAddresses
  • ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones
  • ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions
  • ec2:DescribeImages
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceCreditSpecifications
  • ec2:DescribeInstances
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceTypes
  • ec2:DescribeInternetGateways
  • ec2:DescribeKeyPairs
  • ec2:DescribeNatGateways
  • ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls
  • ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces
  • ec2:DescribePrefixLists
  • ec2:DescribeRegions
  • ec2:DescribeRouteTables
  • ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups
  • ec2:DescribeSubnets
  • ec2:DescribeTags
  • ec2:DescribeVolumes
  • ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute
  • ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink
  • ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport
  • ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints
  • ec2:DescribeVpcs
  • ec2:GetEbsDefaultKmsKeyId
  • ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:RunInstances
  • ec2:TerminateInstances

Example 4.24. Required permissions for creating network resources during installation

  • ec2:AllocateAddress
  • ec2:AssociateAddress
  • ec2:AssociateDhcpOptions
  • ec2:AssociateRouteTable
  • ec2:AttachInternetGateway
  • ec2:CreateDhcpOptions
  • ec2:CreateInternetGateway
  • ec2:CreateNatGateway
  • ec2:CreateRoute
  • ec2:CreateRouteTable
  • ec2:CreateSubnet
  • ec2:CreateVpc
  • ec2:CreateVpcEndpoint
  • ec2:ModifySubnetAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute
Note

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions for creating network resources.

Example 4.25. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELB) for installation

  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
  • elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeInstanceHealth
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener

Example 4.26. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELBv2) for installation

  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetHealth
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets

Example 4.27. Required IAM permissions for installation

  • iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile
  • iam:CreateInstanceProfile
  • iam:CreateRole
  • iam:DeleteInstanceProfile
  • iam:DeleteRole
  • iam:DeleteRolePolicy
  • iam:GetInstanceProfile
  • iam:GetRole
  • iam:GetRolePolicy
  • iam:GetUser
  • iam:ListInstanceProfilesForRole
  • iam:ListRoles
  • iam:ListUsers
  • iam:PassRole
  • iam:PutRolePolicy
  • iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile
  • iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy
  • iam:TagRole
Note

If you have not created an elastic load balancer (ELB) in your AWS account, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole permission.

Example 4.28. Required Route 53 permissions for installation

  • route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets
  • route53:ChangeTagsForResource
  • route53:CreateHostedZone
  • route53:DeleteHostedZone
  • route53:GetChange
  • route53:GetHostedZone
  • route53:ListHostedZones
  • route53:ListHostedZonesByName
  • route53:ListResourceRecordSets
  • route53:ListTagsForResource
  • route53:UpdateHostedZoneComment

Example 4.29. Required S3 permissions for installation

  • s3:CreateBucket
  • s3:DeleteBucket
  • s3:GetAccelerateConfiguration
  • s3:GetBucketAcl
  • s3:GetBucketCors
  • s3:GetBucketLocation
  • s3:GetBucketLogging
  • s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration
  • s3:GetBucketReplication
  • s3:GetBucketRequestPayment
  • s3:GetBucketTagging
  • s3:GetBucketVersioning
  • s3:GetBucketWebsite
  • s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration
  • s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration
  • s3:GetReplicationConfiguration
  • s3:ListBucket
  • s3:PutBucketAcl
  • s3:PutBucketTagging
  • s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration

Example 4.30. S3 permissions that cluster Operators require

  • s3:DeleteObject
  • s3:GetObject
  • s3:GetObjectAcl
  • s3:GetObjectTagging
  • s3:GetObjectVersion
  • s3:PutObject
  • s3:PutObjectAcl
  • s3:PutObjectTagging

Example 4.31. Required permissions to delete base cluster resources

  • autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
  • ec2:DeleteNetworkInterface
  • ec2:DeleteVolume
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroups
  • iam:DeleteAccessKey
  • iam:DeleteUser
  • iam:ListAttachedRolePolicies
  • iam:ListInstanceProfiles
  • iam:ListRolePolicies
  • iam:ListUserPolicies
  • s3:DeleteObject
  • s3:ListBucketVersions
  • tag:GetResources

Example 4.32. Required permissions to delete network resources

  • ec2:DeleteDhcpOptions
  • ec2:DeleteInternetGateway
  • ec2:DeleteNatGateway
  • ec2:DeleteRoute
  • ec2:DeleteRouteTable
  • ec2:DeleteSubnet
  • ec2:DeleteVpc
  • ec2:DeleteVpcEndpoints
  • ec2:DetachInternetGateway
  • ec2:DisassociateRouteTable
  • ec2:ReleaseAddress
  • ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation
Note

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions to delete network resources. Instead, your account only requires the tag:UntagResources permission to delete network resources.

Example 4.33. Required permissions to delete a cluster with shared instance roles

  • iam:UntagRole

Example 4.34. Additional IAM and S3 permissions that are required to create manifests

  • iam:DeleteAccessKey
  • iam:DeleteUser
  • iam:DeleteUserPolicy
  • iam:GetUserPolicy
  • iam:ListAccessKeys
  • iam:PutUserPolicy
  • iam:TagUser
  • s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
  • s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock
  • s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration
  • s3:HeadBucket
  • s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads
  • s3:AbortMultipartUpload
Note

If you are managing your cloud provider credentials with mint mode, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateAccessKey and iam:CreateUser permissions.

Example 4.35. Optional permissions for instance and quota checks for installation

  • ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings
  • servicequotas:ListAWSDefaultServiceQuotas

4.12.5. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
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If you are deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image, you must first subscribe through AWS. Subscribing to the offer provides you with the AMI ID that the installation program uses to deploy worker nodes.

Note

Deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported in the secret regions or China regions.

Prerequisites

  • You have an AWS account to purchase the offer. This account does not have to be the same account that is used to install the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Complete the OpenShift Container Platform subscription from the AWS Marketplace.
  2. Record the AMI ID for your specific region. If you use the CloudFormation template to deploy your worker nodes, you must update the worker0.type.properties.ImageID parameter with this value.

4.12.6. Obtaining the installation program
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Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

  1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider.

  3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

    Important

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Important

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program. If you install a cluster on infrastructure that you provision, you must provide the key to the installation program.

4.12.8. Creating the installation files for AWS
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To install OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

  • /var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.
  • /var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.
  • /var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Important

If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section.

Procedure

  1. Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files: 

    $ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted: 

    $ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    ? SSH Public Key ...
INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory: 

    $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition: 

    variant: openshift
version: 4.9.0
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
  name: 98-var-partition
storage:
  disks:
  - device: /dev/<device_name>
    1 
    
    partitions:
    - label: var
      start_mib: <partition_start_offset>
    2 
    
      size_mib: <partition_size>
    3 
    
  filesystems:
    - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
      path: /var
      format: xfs
      mount_options: [defaults, prjquota]
    4 
    
      with_mount_unit: true
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
    2
    When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
    3
    The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
    4
    The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.
    Note

    When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.

  5. Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command: 

    $ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
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  6. Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories: 

    $ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.

Generate and customize the installation configuration file that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster.

Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program for user-provisioned infrastructure and the pull secret for your cluster.
  • You checked that you are deploying your cluster to a region with an accompanying Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI published by Red Hat. If you are deploying to a region that requires a custom AMI, such as an AWS GovCloud region, you must create the install-config.yaml file manually.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: 

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select aws as the platform to target.

      3. If you do not have an AWS profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.

        Note

        The AWS access key ID and secret access key are stored in ~/.aws/credentials in the home directory of the current user on the installation host. You are prompted for the credentials by the installation program if the credentials for the exported profile are not present in the file. Any credentials that you provide to the installation program are stored in the file.

      4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.

  2. Optional: Back up the install-config.yaml file.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Important
  • The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
  • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
  • You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster: 

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.

  2. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines: 

    $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

  3. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines: 

    $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.

  4. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

    1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
    2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.
    3. Save and exit the file.

  5. Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file: 

    apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: DNS
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  baseDomain: example.openshift.com
  privateZone:
    1 
    
    id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
  publicZone:
    2 
    
    id: example.openshift.com
status: {}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1 2
    Remove this section completely.

    If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.

  6. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program: 

    $ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.

    Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory: 

    .
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.12.9. Extracting the infrastructure name
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The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Amazon Web Services (AWS). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate AWS resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided CloudFormation templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it.

Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You installed the jq package.

Procedure

  • To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command: 

    $ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

    Example output

    openshift-vw9j6
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1
    The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.

4.12.10. Creating a VPC in AWS
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You must create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements, including VPN and route tables.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcCidr",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "10.0.0.0/16"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AvailabilityZoneCount",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "1"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "SubnetBits",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "12"
    6 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The CIDR block for the VPC.
    2
    Specify a CIDR block in the format x.x.x.x/16-24.
    3
    The number of availability zones to deploy the VPC in.
    4
    Specify an integer between 1 and 3.
    5
    The size of each subnet in each availability zone.
    6
    Specify an integer between 5 and 13, where 5 is /27 and 13 is /19.
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.

  3. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-vpc. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-vpc/dbedae40-2fd3-11eb-820e-12a48460849f
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    VpcId

    The ID of your VPC.

    PublicSubnetIds

    The IDs of the new public subnets.

    PrivateSubnetIds

    The IDs of the new private subnets.

4.12.10.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC
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You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.36. CloudFormation template for the VPC

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for Best Practice VPC with 1-3 AZs

Parameters:
  VpcCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/(1[6-9]|2[0-4]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    Default: 10.0.0.0/16
    Description: CIDR block for VPC.
    Type: String
  AvailabilityZoneCount:
    ConstraintDescription: "The number of availability zones. (Min: 1, Max: 3)"
    MinValue: 1
    MaxValue: 3
    Default: 1
    Description: "How many AZs to create VPC subnets for. (Min: 1, Max: 3)"
    Type: Number
  SubnetBits:
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/19-27.
    MinValue: 5
    MaxValue: 13
    Default: 12
    Description: "Size of each subnet to create within the availability zones. (Min: 5 = /27, Max: 13 = /19)"
    Type: Number

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcCidr
      - SubnetBits
    - Label:
        default: "Availability Zones"
      Parameters:
      - AvailabilityZoneCount
    ParameterLabels:
      AvailabilityZoneCount:
        default: "Availability Zone Count"
      VpcCidr:
        default: "VPC CIDR"
      SubnetBits:
        default: "Bits Per Subnet"

Conditions:
  DoAz3: !Equals [3, !Ref AvailabilityZoneCount]
  DoAz2: !Or [!Equals [2, !Ref AvailabilityZoneCount], Condition: DoAz3]

Resources:
  VPC:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::VPC"
    Properties:
      EnableDnsSupport: "true"
      EnableDnsHostnames: "true"
      CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCidr
  PublicSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [0, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 0
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PublicSubnet2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [1, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 1
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PublicSubnet3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [2, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 2
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  InternetGateway:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway"
  GatewayToInternet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
  PublicRouteTable:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PublicRoute:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    DependsOn: GatewayToInternet
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation3:
    Condition: DoAz3
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet3
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PrivateSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [3, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 0
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PrivateRouteTable:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable
  NAT:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
  EIP:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT
  PrivateSubnet2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [4, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 1
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PrivateRouteTable2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet2
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable2
  NAT2:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP2
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2
  EIP2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable2
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT2
  PrivateSubnet3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [5, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 2
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PrivateRouteTable3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet3
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable3
  NAT3:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP3
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet3
  EIP3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable3
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT3
  S3Endpoint:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint
    Properties:
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Principal: '*'
          Action:
          - '*'
          Resource:
          - '*'
      RouteTableIds:
      - !Ref PublicRouteTable
      - !Ref PrivateRouteTable
      - !If [DoAz2, !Ref PrivateRouteTable2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]
      - !If [DoAz3, !Ref PrivateRouteTable3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]
      ServiceName: !Join
      - ''
      - - com.amazonaws.
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - .s3
      VpcId: !Ref VPC

Outputs:
  VpcId:
    Description: ID of the new VPC.
    Value: !Ref VPC
  PublicSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the public subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!Ref PublicSubnet, !If [DoAz2, !Ref PublicSubnet2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"], !If [DoAz3, !Ref PublicSubnet3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]]
      ]
  PrivateSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the private subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!Ref PrivateSubnet, !If [DoAz2, !Ref PrivateSubnet2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"], !If [DoAz3, !Ref PrivateSubnet3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]]
      ]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You must configure networking and classic or network load balancing in Amazon Web Services (AWS) that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster can use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources. The stack represents the networking and load balancing components that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster requires. The template also creates a hosted zone and subnet tags.

You can run the template multiple times within a single Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the hosted zone ID for the Route 53 base domain that you specified in the install-config.yaml file for your cluster. You can obtain details about your hosted zone by running the following command: 

    $ aws route53 list-hosted-zones-by-name --dns-name <route53_domain>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For the <route53_domain>, specify the Route 53 base domain that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster.

    Example output

    mycluster.example.com.	False	100
HOSTEDZONES	65F8F38E-2268-B835-E15C-AB55336FCBFA	/hostedzone/Z21IXYZABCZ2A4	mycluster.example.com.	10
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    In the example output, the hosted zone ID is Z21IXYZABCZ2A4.

  2. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ClusterName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "HostedZoneId",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "<random_string>"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "HostedZoneName",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "example.com"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PublicSubnets",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateSubnets",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>"
    14 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A short, representative cluster name to use for hostnames, etc.
    2
    Specify the cluster name that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster.
    3
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    4
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    5
    The Route 53 public zone ID to register the targets with.
    6
    Specify the Route 53 public zone ID, which as a format similar to Z21IXYZABCZ2A4. You can obtain this value from the AWS console.
    7
    The Route 53 zone to register the targets with.
    8
    Specify the Route 53 base domain that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster. Do not include the trailing period (.) that is displayed in the AWS console.
    9
    The public subnets that you created for your VPC.
    10
    Specify the PublicSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    11
    The private subnets that you created for your VPC.
    12
    Specify the PrivateSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    13
    The VPC that you created for the cluster.
    14
    Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.

  3. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the network and load balancers section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the networking and load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

    Important

    If you are deploying your cluster to an AWS government or secret region, you must update the InternalApiServerRecord in the CloudFormation template to use CNAME records. Records of type ALIAS are not supported for AWS government regions.

  4. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that provide the networking and load balancing components:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3 
    
     --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-dns. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
    4
    You must explicitly declare the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability because the provided template creates some AWS::IAM::Role resources.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-dns/cd3e5de0-2fd4-11eb-5cf0-12be5c33a183
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    PrivateHostedZoneId

    Hosted zone ID for the private DNS.

    ExternalApiLoadBalancerName

    Full name of the external API load balancer.

    InternalApiLoadBalancerName

    Full name of the internal API load balancer.

    ApiServerDnsName

    Full hostname of the API server.

    RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda

    Lambda ARN useful to help register/deregister IP targets for these load balancers.

    ExternalApiTargetGroupArn

    ARN of external API target group.

    InternalApiTargetGroupArn

    ARN of internal API target group.

    InternalServiceTargetGroupArn

    ARN of internal service target group.

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the networking objects and load balancers that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.37. CloudFormation template for the network and load balancers

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Network Elements (Route53 & LBs)

Parameters:
  ClusterName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Cluster name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, representative cluster name to use for host names and other identifying names.
    Type: String
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag cloud resources and identify items owned or used by the cluster.
    Type: String
  HostedZoneId:
    Description: The Route53 public zone ID to register the targets with, such as Z21IXYZABCZ2A4.
    Type: String
  HostedZoneName:
    Description: The Route53 zone to register the targets with, such as example.com. Omit the trailing period.
    Type: String
    Default: "example.com"
  PublicSubnets:
    Description: The internet-facing subnets.
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>
  PrivateSubnets:
    Description: The internal subnets.
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>
  VpcId:
    Description: The VPC-scoped resources will belong to this VPC.
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - ClusterName
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - PublicSubnets
      - PrivateSubnets
    - Label:
        default: "DNS"
      Parameters:
      - HostedZoneName
      - HostedZoneId
    ParameterLabels:
      ClusterName:
        default: "Cluster Name"
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      PublicSubnets:
        default: "Public Subnets"
      PrivateSubnets:
        default: "Private Subnets"
      HostedZoneName:
        default: "Public Hosted Zone Name"
      HostedZoneId:
        default: "Public Hosted Zone ID"

Resources:
  ExtApiElb:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer
    Properties:
      Name: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "ext"]]
      IpAddressType: ipv4
      Subnets: !Ref PublicSubnets
      Type: network

  IntApiElb:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer
    Properties:
      Name: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "int"]]
      Scheme: internal
      IpAddressType: ipv4
      Subnets: !Ref PrivateSubnets
      Type: network

  IntDns:
    Type: "AWS::Route53::HostedZone"
    Properties:
      HostedZoneConfig:
        Comment: "Managed by CloudFormation"
      Name: !Join [".", [!Ref ClusterName, !Ref HostedZoneName]]
      HostedZoneTags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "int"]]
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "owned"
      VPCs:
      - VPCId: !Ref VpcId
        VPCRegion: !Ref "AWS::Region"

  ExternalApiServerRecord:
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup
    Properties:
      Comment: Alias record for the API server
      HostedZoneId: !Ref HostedZoneId
      RecordSets:
      - Name:
          !Join [
            ".",
            ["api", !Ref ClusterName, !Join ["", [!Ref HostedZoneName, "."]]],
          ]
        Type: A
        AliasTarget:
          HostedZoneId: !GetAtt ExtApiElb.CanonicalHostedZoneID
          DNSName: !GetAtt ExtApiElb.DNSName

  InternalApiServerRecord:
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup
    Properties:
      Comment: Alias record for the API server
      HostedZoneId: !Ref IntDns
      RecordSets:
      - Name:
          !Join [
            ".",
            ["api", !Ref ClusterName, !Join ["", [!Ref HostedZoneName, "."]]],
          ]
        Type: A
        AliasTarget:
          HostedZoneId: !GetAtt IntApiElb.CanonicalHostedZoneID
          DNSName: !GetAtt IntApiElb.DNSName
      - Name:
          !Join [
            ".",
            ["api-int", !Ref ClusterName, !Join ["", [!Ref HostedZoneName, "."]]],
          ]
        Type: A
        AliasTarget:
          HostedZoneId: !GetAtt IntApiElb.CanonicalHostedZoneID
          DNSName: !GetAtt IntApiElb.DNSName

  ExternalApiListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      DefaultActions:
      - Type: forward
        TargetGroupArn:
          Ref: ExternalApiTargetGroup
      LoadBalancerArn:
        Ref: ExtApiElb
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP

  ExternalApiTargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 10
      HealthCheckPath: "/readyz"
      HealthCheckPort: 6443
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTPS
      HealthyThresholdCount: 2
      UnhealthyThresholdCount: 2
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP
      TargetType: ip
      VpcId:
        Ref: VpcId
      TargetGroupAttributes:
      - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds
        Value: 60

  InternalApiListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      DefaultActions:
      - Type: forward
        TargetGroupArn:
          Ref: InternalApiTargetGroup
      LoadBalancerArn:
        Ref: IntApiElb
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP

  InternalApiTargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 10
      HealthCheckPath: "/readyz"
      HealthCheckPort: 6443
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTPS
      HealthyThresholdCount: 2
      UnhealthyThresholdCount: 2
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP
      TargetType: ip
      VpcId:
        Ref: VpcId
      TargetGroupAttributes:
      - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds
        Value: 60

  InternalServiceInternalListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      DefaultActions:
      - Type: forward
        TargetGroupArn:
          Ref: InternalServiceTargetGroup
      LoadBalancerArn:
        Ref: IntApiElb
      Port: 22623
      Protocol: TCP

  InternalServiceTargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 10
      HealthCheckPath: "/healthz"
      HealthCheckPort: 22623
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTPS
      HealthyThresholdCount: 2
      UnhealthyThresholdCount: 2
      Port: 22623
      Protocol: TCP
      TargetType: ip
      VpcId:
        Ref: VpcId
      TargetGroupAttributes:
      - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds
        Value: 60

  RegisterTargetLambdaIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "nlb", "lambda", "role"]]
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "lambda.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "master", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets",
                "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets",
              ]
            Resource: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroup
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets",
                "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets",
              ]
            Resource: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroup
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets",
                "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets",
              ]
            Resource: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroup

  RegisterNlbIpTargets:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Function"
    Properties:
      Handler: "index.handler"
      Role:
        Fn::GetAtt:
        - "RegisterTargetLambdaIamRole"
        - "Arn"
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          import json
          import boto3
          import cfnresponse
          def handler(event, context):
            elb = boto3.client('elbv2')
            if event['RequestType'] == 'Delete':
              elb.deregister_targets(TargetGroupArn=event['ResourceProperties']['TargetArn'],Targets=[{'Id': event['ResourceProperties']['TargetIp']}])
            elif event['RequestType'] == 'Create':
              elb.register_targets(TargetGroupArn=event['ResourceProperties']['TargetArn'],Targets=[{'Id': event['ResourceProperties']['TargetIp']}])
            responseData = {}
            cfnresponse.send(event, context, cfnresponse.SUCCESS, responseData, event['ResourceProperties']['TargetArn']+event['ResourceProperties']['TargetIp'])
      Runtime: "python3.7"
      Timeout: 120

  RegisterSubnetTagsLambdaIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "subnet-tags-lambda-role"]]
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "lambda.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "subnet-tagging-policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "ec2:DeleteTags",
                "ec2:CreateTags"
              ]
            Resource: "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:subnet/*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "ec2:DescribeSubnets",
                "ec2:DescribeTags"
              ]
            Resource: "*"

  RegisterSubnetTags:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Function"
    Properties:
      Handler: "index.handler"
      Role:
        Fn::GetAtt:
        - "RegisterSubnetTagsLambdaIamRole"
        - "Arn"
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          import json
          import boto3
          import cfnresponse
          def handler(event, context):
            ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2')
            if event['RequestType'] == 'Delete':
              for subnet_id in event['ResourceProperties']['Subnets']:
                ec2_client.delete_tags(Resources=[subnet_id], Tags=[{'Key': 'kubernetes.io/cluster/' + event['ResourceProperties']['InfrastructureName']}]);
            elif event['RequestType'] == 'Create':
              for subnet_id in event['ResourceProperties']['Subnets']:
                ec2_client.create_tags(Resources=[subnet_id], Tags=[{'Key': 'kubernetes.io/cluster/' + event['ResourceProperties']['InfrastructureName'], 'Value': 'shared'}]);
            responseData = {}
            cfnresponse.send(event, context, cfnresponse.SUCCESS, responseData, event['ResourceProperties']['InfrastructureName']+event['ResourceProperties']['Subnets'][0])
      Runtime: "python3.7"
      Timeout: 120

  RegisterPublicSubnetTags:
    Type: Custom::SubnetRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !GetAtt RegisterSubnetTags.Arn
      InfrastructureName: !Ref InfrastructureName
      Subnets: !Ref PublicSubnets

  RegisterPrivateSubnetTags:
    Type: Custom::SubnetRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !GetAtt RegisterSubnetTags.Arn
      InfrastructureName: !Ref InfrastructureName
      Subnets: !Ref PrivateSubnets

Outputs:
  PrivateHostedZoneId:
    Description: Hosted zone ID for the private DNS, which is required for private records.
    Value: !Ref IntDns
  ExternalApiLoadBalancerName:
    Description: Full name of the external API load balancer.
    Value: !GetAtt ExtApiElb.LoadBalancerFullName
  InternalApiLoadBalancerName:
    Description: Full name of the internal API load balancer.
    Value: !GetAtt IntApiElb.LoadBalancerFullName
  ApiServerDnsName:
    Description: Full hostname of the API server, which is required for the Ignition config files.
    Value: !Join [".", ["api-int", !Ref ClusterName, !Ref HostedZoneName]]
  RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda:
    Description: Lambda ARN useful to help register or deregister IP targets for these load balancers.
    Value: !GetAtt RegisterNlbIpTargets.Arn
  ExternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN of the external API target group.
    Value: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroup
  InternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN of the internal API target group.
    Value: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroup
  InternalServiceTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN of the internal service target group.
    Value: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroup
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Important

If you are deploying your cluster to an AWS government or secret region, you must update the InternalApiServerRecord to use CNAME records. Records of type ALIAS are not supported for AWS government regions. For example: 

Type: CNAME
TTL: 10
ResourceRecords:
- !GetAtt IntApiElb.DNSName
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.12.12. Creating security group and roles in AWS
Copy link

You must create security groups and roles in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources. The stack represents the security groups and roles that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster requires.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcCidr",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "10.0.0.0/16"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateSubnets",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>"
    8 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    The CIDR block for the VPC.
    4
    Specify the CIDR block parameter that you used for the VPC that you defined in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    5
    The private subnets that you created for your VPC.
    6
    Specify the PrivateSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    7
    The VPC that you created for the cluster.
    8
    Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for security objects section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the security groups and roles that your cluster requires.

  3. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the security groups and roles:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3 
    
     --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-sec. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
    4
    You must explicitly declare the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability because the provided template creates some AWS::IAM::Role and AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile resources.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-sec/03bd4210-2ed7-11eb-6d7a-13fc0b61e9db
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    MasterSecurityGroupId

    Master Security Group ID

    WorkerSecurityGroupId

    Worker Security Group ID

    MasterInstanceProfile

    Master IAM Instance Profile

    WorkerInstanceProfile

    Worker IAM Instance Profile

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the security objects that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.38. CloudFormation template for security objects

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Security Elements (Security Groups & IAM)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag cloud resources and identify items owned or used by the cluster.
    Type: String
  VpcCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/(1[6-9]|2[0-4]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    Default: 10.0.0.0/16
    Description: CIDR block for VPC.
    Type: String
  VpcId:
    Description: The VPC-scoped resources will belong to this VPC.
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id
  PrivateSubnets:
    Description: The internal subnets.
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - VpcCidr
      - PrivateSubnets
    ParameterLabels:
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      VpcCidr:
        default: "VPC CIDR"
      PrivateSubnets:
        default: "Private Subnets"

Resources:
  MasterSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Cluster Master Security Group
      SecurityGroupIngress:
      - IpProtocol: icmp
        FromPort: 0
        ToPort: 0
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22
        ToPort: 22
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        ToPort: 6443
        FromPort: 6443
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22623
        ToPort: 22623
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId

  WorkerSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Cluster Worker Security Group
      SecurityGroupIngress:
      - IpProtocol: icmp
        FromPort: 0
        ToPort: 0
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22
        ToPort: 22
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId

  MasterIngressEtcd:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: etcd
      FromPort: 2379
      ToPort: 2380
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  MasterIngressWorkerIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  MasterIngressInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressWorkerInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10259
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressWorkerKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10259
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressWorkerIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  WorkerIngressMasterIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  WorkerIngressInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressMasterInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes secure kubelet port
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10250
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressWorkerKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal Kubernetes communication
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10250
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressMasterIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "ec2.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "master", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
            - "ec2:AttachVolume"
            - "ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress"
            - "ec2:CreateSecurityGroup"
            - "ec2:CreateTags"
            - "ec2:CreateVolume"
            - "ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup"
            - "ec2:DeleteVolume"
            - "ec2:Describe*"
            - "ec2:DetachVolume"
            - "ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute"
            - "ec2:ModifyVolume"
            - "ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:AddTags"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerPolicy"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteListener"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancerListeners"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:Describe*"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DetachLoadBalancerFromSubnets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyListener"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesForBackendServer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener"
            - "kms:DescribeKey"
            Resource: "*"

  MasterInstanceProfile:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile"
    Properties:
      Roles:
      - Ref: "MasterIamRole"

  WorkerIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "ec2.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "worker", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
            - "ec2:DescribeInstances"
            - "ec2:DescribeRegions"
            Resource: "*"

  WorkerInstanceProfile:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile"
    Properties:
      Roles:
      - Ref: "WorkerIamRole"

Outputs:
  MasterSecurityGroupId:
    Description: Master Security Group ID
    Value: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId

  WorkerSecurityGroupId:
    Description: Worker Security Group ID
    Value: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId

  MasterInstanceProfile:
    Description: Master IAM Instance Profile
    Value: !Ref MasterInstanceProfile

  WorkerInstanceProfile:
    Description: Worker IAM Instance Profile
    Value: !Ref WorkerInstanceProfile
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.12.13. Accessing RHCOS AMIs with stream metadata
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In OpenShift Container Platform, stream metadata provides standardized metadata about RHCOS in the JSON format and injects the metadata into the cluster. Stream metadata is a stable format that supports multiple architectures and is intended to be self-documenting for maintaining automation.

You can use the coreos print-stream-json sub-command of openshift-install to access information about the boot images in the stream metadata format. This command provides a method for printing stream metadata in a scriptable, machine-readable format.

For user-provisioned installations, the openshift-install binary contains references to the version of RHCOS boot images that are tested for use with OpenShift Container Platform, such as the AWS AMI.

Procedure

To parse the stream metadata, use one of the following methods:

  • From a Go program, use the official stream-metadata-go library at https://github.com/coreos/stream-metadata-go. You can also view example code in the library.
  • From another programming language, such as Python or Ruby, use the JSON library of your preferred programming language.

  • From a command-line utility that handles JSON data, such as jq:

    • Print the current x86_64 AMI for an AWS region, such as us-west-1: 

      $ openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq -r '.architectures.x86_64.images.aws.regions["us-west-1"].image'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      ami-0d3e625f84626bbda
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      The output of this command is the AWS AMI ID for the us-west-1 region. The AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.

4.12.14. RHCOS AMIs for the AWS infrastructure
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Red Hat provides Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMIs that are valid for the various AWS regions that you can manually specify for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

Note

By importing your own AMI, you can also install to regions that do not have a published RHCOS AMI.

Expand
Table 4.43. RHCOS AMIs
AWS zoneAWS AMI

af-south-1

ami-0f3804f5a2f913dcc

ap-east-1

ami-0de1febb30a83da66

ap-northeast-1

ami-0183df96a3e002687

ap-northeast-2

ami-06b8798cd60242798

ap-northeast-3

ami-00b16b33aa0951016

ap-south-1

ami-007243f8ff78e8294

ap-southeast-1

ami-079dfdacb5ab5a0d1

ap-southeast-2

ami-03882e39cb7785c32

ca-central-1

ami-05cba1f80cc8b1dbe

eu-central-1

ami-073c775bbe9cd434e

eu-north-1

ami-0763e6e75b681acc5

eu-south-1

ami-00d023f19775fb64b

eu-west-1

ami-0033e3f2331a530c4

eu-west-2

ami-00d8a741ebe74f0c4

eu-west-3

ami-09b04e7f60e3374a7

me-south-1

ami-0f8039330b6e54010

sa-east-1

ami-01af22f821b470ad1

us-east-1

ami-0c72f473496a7b1c2

us-east-2

ami-09e637fc5885c13cc

us-west-1

ami-0fa0f6fce7e63dd26

us-west-2

ami-084fb1316cd1ed4cc

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to Amazon Web Services (AWS) regions without native support for a Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amazon Machine Image (AMI) or the AWS software development kit (SDK). If a published AMI is not available for an AWS region, you can upload a custom AMI prior to installing the cluster.

If you are deploying to a region not supported by the AWS SDK and you do not specify a custom AMI, the installation program copies the us-east-1 AMI to the user account automatically. Then the installation program creates the control plane machines with encrypted EBS volumes using the default or user-specified Key Management Service (KMS) key. This allows the AMI to follow the same process workflow as published RHCOS AMIs.

A region without native support for an RHCOS AMI is not available to select from the terminal during cluster creation because it is not published. However, you can install to this region by configuring the custom AMI in the install-config.yaml file.

4.12.14.2. Uploading a custom RHCOS AMI in AWS
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If you are deploying to a custom Amazon Web Services (AWS) region, you must upload a custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that belongs to that region.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You created an Amazon S3 bucket with the required IAM service role.
  • You uploaded your RHCOS VMDK file to Amazon S3. The RHCOS VMDK file must be the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version you are installing.
  • You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer.

Procedure

  1. Export your AWS profile as an environment variable: 

    $ export AWS_PROFILE=<aws_profile>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Export the region to associate with your custom AMI as an environment variable: 

    $ export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<aws_region>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Export the version of RHCOS you uploaded to Amazon S3 as an environment variable: 

    $ export RHCOS_VERSION=<version>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1 1 1
    The RHCOS VMDK version, like 4.9.0.

  4. Export the Amazon S3 bucket name as an environment variable: 

    $ export VMIMPORT_BUCKET_NAME=<s3_bucket_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Create the containers.json file and define your RHCOS VMDK file: 

    $ cat <<EOF > containers.json
{
   "Description": "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
   "Format": "vmdk",
   "UserBucket": {
      "S3Bucket": "${VMIMPORT_BUCKET_NAME}",
      "S3Key": "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64.vmdk"
   }
}
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Import the RHCOS disk as an Amazon EBS snapshot: 

    $ aws ec2 import-snapshot --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION} \
     --description "<description>" \
    1 
    
     --disk-container "file://<file_path>/containers.json"
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The description of your RHCOS disk being imported, like rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64.
    2
    The file path to the JSON file describing your RHCOS disk. The JSON file should contain your Amazon S3 bucket name and key.

  7. Check the status of the image import: 

    $ watch -n 5 aws ec2 describe-import-snapshot-tasks --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    {
    "ImportSnapshotTasks": [
        {
            "Description": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
            "ImportTaskId": "import-snap-fh6i8uil",
            "SnapshotTaskDetail": {
                "Description": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64",
                "DiskImageSize": 819056640.0,
                "Format": "VMDK",
                "SnapshotId": "snap-06331325870076318",
                "Status": "completed",
                "UserBucket": {
                    "S3Bucket": "external-images",
                    "S3Key": "rhcos-4.7.0-x86_64-aws.x86_64.vmdk"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Copy the SnapshotId to register the image.

  8. Create a custom RHCOS AMI from the RHCOS snapshot: 

    $ aws ec2 register-image \
   --region ${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION} \
   --architecture x86_64 \
    1 
    
   --description "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64" \
    2 
    
   --ena-support \
   --name "rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-x86_64-aws.x86_64" \
    3 
    
   --virtualization-type hvm \
   --root-device-name '/dev/xvda' \
   --block-device-mappings 'DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={DeleteOnTermination=true,SnapshotId=<snapshot_ID>}'
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The RHCOS VMDK architecture type, like x86_64, s390x, or ppc64le.
    2
    The Description from the imported snapshot.
    3
    The name of the RHCOS AMI.
    4
    The SnapshotID from the imported snapshot.

To learn more about these APIs, see the AWS documentation for importing snapshots and creating EBS-backed AMIs.

4.12.15. Creating the bootstrap node in AWS
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You must create the bootstrap node in Amazon Web Services (AWS) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources. The stack represents the bootstrap node that your OpenShift Container Platform installation requires.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your bootstrap node, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.

Procedure

  1. Provide a location to serve the bootstrap.ign Ignition config file to your cluster. This file is located in your installation directory. One way to do this is to create an S3 bucket in your cluster’s region and upload the Ignition config file to it.

    Important

    The provided CloudFormation Template assumes that the Ignition config files for your cluster are served from an S3 bucket. If you choose to serve the files from another location, you must modify the templates.

    Important

    If you are deploying to a region that has endpoints that differ from the AWS SDK, or you are providing your own custom endpoints, you must use a presigned URL for your S3 bucket instead of the s3:// schema.

    Note

    The bootstrap Ignition config file does contain secrets, like X.509 keys. The following steps provide basic security for the S3 bucket. To provide additional security, you can enable an S3 bucket policy to allow only certain users, such as the OpenShift IAM user, to access objects that the bucket contains. You can avoid S3 entirely and serve your bootstrap Ignition config file from any address that the bootstrap machine can reach.

    1. Create the bucket: 

      $ aws s3 mb s3://<cluster-name>-infra
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <cluster-name>-infra is the bucket name. When creating the install-config.yaml file, replace <cluster-name> with the name specified for the cluster.

    2. Upload the bootstrap.ign Ignition config file to the bucket: 

      $ aws s3 cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign s3://<cluster-name>-infra/bootstrap.ign
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

    3. Verify that the file uploaded: 

      $ aws s3 ls s3://<cluster-name>-infra/
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      2019-04-03 16:15:16     314878 bootstrap.ign
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RhcosAmi",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "ami-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AllowedBootstrapSshCidr",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "0.0.0.0/0"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PublicSubnet",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterSecurityGroupId",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "sg-<random_string>"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>"
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "BootstrapIgnitionLocation",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": "s3://<bucket_name>/bootstrap.ign"
    14 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AutoRegisterELB",
    15 
    
    "ParameterValue": "yes"
    16 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn",
    17 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:lambda:<region>:<account_number>:function:<dns_stack_name>-RegisterNlbIpTargets-<random_string>"
    18 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ExternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    19 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Exter-<random_string>"
    20 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    21 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    22 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalServiceTargetGroupArn",
    23 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    24 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI to use for the bootstrap node.
    4
    Specify a valid AWS::EC2::Image::Id value.
    5
    CIDR block to allow SSH access to the bootstrap node.
    6
    Specify a CIDR block in the format x.x.x.x/16-24.
    7
    The public subnet that is associated with your VPC to launch the bootstrap node into.
    8
    Specify the PublicSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    9
    The master security group ID (for registering temporary rules)
    10
    Specify the MasterSecurityGroupId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    11
    The VPC created resources will belong to.
    12
    Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    13
    Location to fetch bootstrap Ignition config file from.
    14
    Specify the S3 bucket and file name in the form s3://<bucket_name>/bootstrap.ign.
    15
    Whether or not to register a network load balancer (NLB).
    16
    Specify yes or no. If you specify yes, you must provide a Lambda Amazon Resource Name (ARN) value.
    17
    The ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda group.
    18
    Specify the RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    19
    The ARN for external API load balancer target group.
    20
    Specify the ExternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    21
    The ARN for internal API load balancer target group.
    22
    Specify the InternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    23
    The ARN for internal service load balancer target group.
    24
    Specify the InternalServiceTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
  3. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

  4. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the bootstrap node:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3 
    
     --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-bootstrap. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
    4
    You must explicitly declare the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability because the provided template creates some AWS::IAM::Role and AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile resources.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-bootstrap/12944486-2add-11eb-9dee-12dace8e3a83
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    BootstrapInstanceId

    The bootstrap Instance ID.

    BootstrapPublicIp

    The bootstrap node public IP address.

    BootstrapPrivateIp

    The bootstrap node private IP address.

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.39. CloudFormation template for the bootstrap machine

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Bootstrap (EC2 Instance, Security Groups and IAM)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag cloud resources and identify items owned or used by the cluster.
    Type: String
  RhcosAmi:
    Description: Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI to use for bootstrap.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Image::Id
  AllowedBootstrapSshCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/([0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-2]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/0-32.
    Default: 0.0.0.0/0
    Description: CIDR block to allow SSH access to the bootstrap node.
    Type: String
  PublicSubnet:
    Description: The public subnet to launch the bootstrap node into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  MasterSecurityGroupId:
    Description: The master security group ID for registering temporary rules.
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id
  VpcId:
    Description: The VPC-scoped resources will belong to this VPC.
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id
  BootstrapIgnitionLocation:
    Default: s3://my-s3-bucket/bootstrap.ign
    Description: Ignition config file location.
    Type: String
  AutoRegisterELB:
    Default: "yes"
    AllowedValues:
    - "yes"
    - "no"
    Description: Do you want to invoke NLB registration, which requires a Lambda ARN parameter?
    Type: String
  RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn:
    Description: ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda.
    Type: String
  ExternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for external API load balancer target group.
    Type: String
  InternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal API load balancer target group.
    Type: String
  InternalServiceTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal service load balancer target group.
    Type: String

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Host Information"
      Parameters:
      - RhcosAmi
      - BootstrapIgnitionLocation
      - MasterSecurityGroupId
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - AllowedBootstrapSshCidr
      - PublicSubnet
    - Label:
        default: "Load Balancer Automation"
      Parameters:
      - AutoRegisterELB
      - RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      - ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
    ParameterLabels:
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      AllowedBootstrapSshCidr:
        default: "Allowed SSH Source"
      PublicSubnet:
        default: "Public Subnet"
      RhcosAmi:
        default: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI ID"
      BootstrapIgnitionLocation:
        default: "Bootstrap Ignition Source"
      MasterSecurityGroupId:
        default: "Master Security Group ID"
      AutoRegisterELB:
        default: "Use Provided ELB Automation"

Conditions:
  DoRegistration: !Equals ["yes", !Ref AutoRegisterELB]

Resources:
  BootstrapIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "ec2.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "bootstrap", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "ec2:Describe*"
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "ec2:AttachVolume"
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "ec2:DetachVolume"
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "s3:GetObject"
            Resource: "*"

  BootstrapInstanceProfile:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile"
    Properties:
      Path: "/"
      Roles:
      - Ref: "BootstrapIamRole"

  BootstrapSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Cluster Bootstrap Security Group
      SecurityGroupIngress:
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22
        ToPort: 22
        CidrIp: !Ref AllowedBootstrapSshCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        ToPort: 19531
        FromPort: 19531
        CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId

  BootstrapInstance:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref BootstrapInstanceProfile
      InstanceType: "i3.large"
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "true"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "BootstrapSecurityGroup"
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "PublicSubnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"${S3Loc}"}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          S3Loc: !Ref BootstrapIgnitionLocation
        }

  RegisterBootstrapApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp

  RegisterBootstrapInternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp

  RegisterBootstrapInternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp

Outputs:
  BootstrapInstanceId:
    Description: Bootstrap Instance ID.
    Value: !Ref BootstrapInstance

  BootstrapPublicIp:
    Description: The bootstrap node public IP address.
    Value: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PublicIp

  BootstrapPrivateIp:
    Description: The bootstrap node private IP address.
    Value: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You must create the control plane machines in Amazon Web Services (AWS) that your cluster will use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the control plane nodes.

Important

The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents three control plane nodes.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your control plane nodes, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.
  • You created the bootstrap machine.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RhcosAmi",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "ami-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AutoRegisterDNS",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "yes"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateHostedZoneId",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "<random_string>"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateHostedZoneName",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster.example.com"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Master0Subnet",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Master1Subnet",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    14 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Master2Subnet",
    15 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    16 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterSecurityGroupId",
    17 
    
    "ParameterValue": "sg-<random_string>"
    18 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "IgnitionLocation",
    19 
    
    "ParameterValue": "https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/master"
    20 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "CertificateAuthorities",
    21 
    
    "ParameterValue": "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC...xYz=="
    22 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterInstanceProfileName",
    23 
    
    "ParameterValue": "<roles_stack>-MasterInstanceProfile-<random_string>"
    24 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterInstanceType",
    25 
    
    "ParameterValue": "m5.xlarge"
    26 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AutoRegisterELB",
    27 
    
    "ParameterValue": "yes"
    28 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn",
    29 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:lambda:<region>:<account_number>:function:<dns_stack_name>-RegisterNlbIpTargets-<random_string>"
    30 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ExternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    31 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Exter-<random_string>"
    32 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    33 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    34 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalServiceTargetGroupArn",
    35 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    36 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    CurrentRed Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI to use for the control plane machines.
    4
    Specify an AWS::EC2::Image::Id value.
    5
    Whether or not to perform DNS etcd registration.
    6
    Specify yes or no. If you specify yes, you must provide hosted zone information.
    7
    The Route 53 private zone ID to register the etcd targets with.
    8
    Specify the PrivateHostedZoneId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    9
    The Route 53 zone to register the targets with.
    10
    Specify <cluster_name>.<domain_name> where <domain_name> is the Route 53 base domain that you used when you generated install-config.yaml file for the cluster. Do not include the trailing period (.) that is displayed in the AWS console.
    11 13 15
    A subnet, preferably private, to launch the control plane machines on.
    12 14 16
    Specify a subnet from the PrivateSubnets value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    17
    The master security group ID to associate with control plane nodes.
    18
    Specify the MasterSecurityGroupId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    19
    The location to fetch control plane Ignition config file from.
    20
    Specify the generated Ignition config file location, https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/master.
    21
    The base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    22
    Specify the value from the master.ign file that is in the installation directory. This value is the long string with the format data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC…​xYz==.
    23
    The IAM profile to associate with control plane nodes.
    24
    Specify the MasterInstanceProfile parameter value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    25
    The type of AWS instance to use for the control plane machines.
    26
    Allowed values:
    • m4.xlarge
    • m4.2xlarge
    • m4.4xlarge
    • m4.10xlarge
    • m4.16xlarge
    • m5.xlarge
    • m5.2xlarge
    • m5.4xlarge
    • m5.8xlarge
    • m5.12xlarge
    • m5.16xlarge
    • m5a.xlarge
    • m5a.2xlarge
    • m5a.4xlarge
    • m5a.8xlarge
    • m5a.12xlarge
    • m5a.16xlarge
    • c4.2xlarge
    • c4.4xlarge
    • c4.8xlarge
    • c5.2xlarge
    • c5.4xlarge
    • c5.9xlarge
    • c5.12xlarge
    • c5.18xlarge
    • c5.24xlarge
    • c5a.2xlarge
    • c5a.4xlarge
    • c5a.8xlarge
    • c5a.12xlarge
    • c5a.16xlarge
    • c5a.24xlarge
    • r4.xlarge
    • r4.2xlarge
    • r4.4xlarge
    • r4.8xlarge
    • r4.16xlarge
    • r5.xlarge
    • r5.2xlarge
    • r5.4xlarge
    • r5.8xlarge
    • r5.12xlarge
    • r5.16xlarge
    • r5.24xlarge
    • r5a.xlarge
    • r5a.2xlarge
    • r5a.4xlarge
    • r5a.8xlarge
    • r5a.12xlarge
    • r5a.16xlarge
    • r5a.24xlarge
    27
    Whether or not to register a network load balancer (NLB).
    28
    Specify yes or no. If you specify yes, you must provide a Lambda Amazon Resource Name (ARN) value.
    29
    The ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda group.
    30
    Specify the RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    31
    The ARN for external API load balancer target group.
    32
    Specify the ExternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    33
    The ARN for internal API load balancer target group.
    34
    Specify the InternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    35
    The ARN for internal service load balancer target group.
    36
    Specify the InternalServiceTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires.
  3. If you specified an m5 instance type as the value for MasterInstanceType, add that instance type to the MasterInstanceType.AllowedValues parameter in the CloudFormation template.

  4. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the control plane nodes:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-control-plane. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-control-plane/21c7e2b0-2ee2-11eb-c6f6-0aa34627df4b
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents three control plane nodes.

  5. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.40. CloudFormation template for control plane machines

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Node Launch (EC2 master instances)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag nodes for the kubelet cloud provider.
    Type: String
  RhcosAmi:
    Description: Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI to use for bootstrap.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Image::Id
  AutoRegisterDNS:
    Default: "yes"
    AllowedValues:
    - "yes"
    - "no"
    Description: Do you want to invoke DNS etcd registration, which requires Hosted Zone information?
    Type: String
  PrivateHostedZoneId:
    Description: The Route53 private zone ID to register the etcd targets with, such as Z21IXYZABCZ2A4.
    Type: String
  PrivateHostedZoneName:
    Description: The Route53 zone to register the targets with, such as cluster.example.com. Omit the trailing period.
    Type: String
  Master0Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  Master1Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  Master2Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  MasterSecurityGroupId:
    Description: The master security group ID to associate with master nodes.
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id
  IgnitionLocation:
    Default: https://api-int.$CLUSTER_NAME.$DOMAIN:22623/config/master
    Description: Ignition config file location.
    Type: String
  CertificateAuthorities:
    Default: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC...xYz==
    Description: Base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    Type: String
  MasterInstanceProfileName:
    Description: IAM profile to associate with master nodes.
    Type: String
  MasterInstanceType:
    Default: m5.xlarge
    Type: String

  AutoRegisterELB:
    Default: "yes"
    AllowedValues:
    - "yes"
    - "no"
    Description: Do you want to invoke NLB registration, which requires a Lambda ARN parameter?
    Type: String
  RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn:
    Description: ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String
  ExternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for external API load balancer target group. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String
  InternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal API load balancer target group. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String
  InternalServiceTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal service load balancer target group. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Host Information"
      Parameters:
      - MasterInstanceType
      - RhcosAmi
      - IgnitionLocation
      - CertificateAuthorities
      - MasterSecurityGroupId
      - MasterInstanceProfileName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - AllowedBootstrapSshCidr
      - Master0Subnet
      - Master1Subnet
      - Master2Subnet
    - Label:
        default: "DNS"
      Parameters:
      - AutoRegisterDNS
      - PrivateHostedZoneName
      - PrivateHostedZoneId
    - Label:
        default: "Load Balancer Automation"
      Parameters:
      - AutoRegisterELB
      - RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      - ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
    ParameterLabels:
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      Master0Subnet:
        default: "Master-0 Subnet"
      Master1Subnet:
        default: "Master-1 Subnet"
      Master2Subnet:
        default: "Master-2 Subnet"
      MasterInstanceType:
        default: "Master Instance Type"
      MasterInstanceProfileName:
        default: "Master Instance Profile Name"
      RhcosAmi:
        default: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI ID"
      BootstrapIgnitionLocation:
        default: "Master Ignition Source"
      CertificateAuthorities:
        default: "Ignition CA String"
      MasterSecurityGroupId:
        default: "Master Security Group ID"
      AutoRegisterDNS:
        default: "Use Provided DNS Automation"
      AutoRegisterELB:
        default: "Use Provided ELB Automation"
      PrivateHostedZoneName:
        default: "Private Hosted Zone Name"
      PrivateHostedZoneId:
        default: "Private Hosted Zone ID"

Conditions:
  DoRegistration: !Equals ["yes", !Ref AutoRegisterELB]
  DoDns: !Equals ["yes", !Ref AutoRegisterDNS]

Resources:
  Master0:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref MasterInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref MasterInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Master0Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

  RegisterMaster0:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster0InternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster0InternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp

  Master1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref MasterInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref MasterInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Master1Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

  RegisterMaster1:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster1InternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster1InternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp

  Master2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref MasterInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref MasterInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Master2Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

  RegisterMaster2:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster2InternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster2InternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp

  EtcdSrvRecords:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["_etcd-server-ssl._tcp", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !Join [
        " ",
        ["0 10 2380", !Join [".", ["etcd-0", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]],
      ]
      - !Join [
        " ",
        ["0 10 2380", !Join [".", ["etcd-1", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]],
      ]
      - !Join [
        " ",
        ["0 10 2380", !Join [".", ["etcd-2", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]],
      ]
      TTL: 60
      Type: SRV

  Etcd0Record:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["etcd-0", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp
      TTL: 60
      Type: A

  Etcd1Record:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["etcd-1", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp
      TTL: 60
      Type: A

  Etcd2Record:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["etcd-2", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp
      TTL: 60
      Type: A

Outputs:
  PrivateIPs:
    Description: The control-plane node private IP addresses.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp, !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp, !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp]
      ]
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4.12.17. Creating the worker nodes in AWS
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You can create worker nodes in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your cluster to use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent a worker node.

Important

The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents one worker node. You must create a stack for each worker node.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your worker nodes, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.
  • You created the bootstrap machine.
  • You created the control plane machines.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the CloudFormation template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RhcosAmi",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "ami-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Subnet",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "WorkerSecurityGroupId",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "sg-<random_string>"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "IgnitionLocation",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/worker"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "CertificateAuthorities",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": ""
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "WorkerInstanceProfileName",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": ""
    14 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "WorkerInstanceType",
    15 
    
    "ParameterValue": "m4.2xlarge"
    16 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI to use for the worker nodes.
    4
    Specify an AWS::EC2::Image::Id value.
    5
    A subnet, preferably private, to start the worker nodes on.
    6
    Specify a subnet from the PrivateSubnets value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    7
    The worker security group ID to associate with worker nodes.
    8
    Specify the WorkerSecurityGroupId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    9
    The location to fetch the bootstrap Ignition config file from.
    10
    Specify the generated Ignition config location, https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/worker.
    11
    Base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    12
    Specify the value from the worker.ign file that is in the installation directory. This value is the long string with the format data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC…​xYz==.
    13
    The IAM profile to associate with worker nodes.
    14
    Specify the WorkerInstanceProfile parameter value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    15
    The type of AWS instance to use for the control plane machines.
    16
    Allowed values:
    • m4.large
    • m4.xlarge
    • m4.2xlarge
    • m4.4xlarge
    • m4.10xlarge
    • m4.16xlarge
    • m5.large
    • m5.xlarge
    • m5.2xlarge
    • m5.4xlarge
    • m5.8xlarge
    • m5.12xlarge
    • m5.16xlarge
    • m5a.large
    • m5a.xlarge
    • m5a.2xlarge
    • m5a.4xlarge
    • m5a.8xlarge
    • m5a.12xlarge
    • m5a.16xlarge
    • c4.large
    • c4.xlarge
    • c4.2xlarge
    • c4.4xlarge
    • c4.8xlarge
    • c5.large
    • c5.xlarge
    • c5.2xlarge
    • c5.4xlarge
    • c5.9xlarge
    • c5.12xlarge
    • c5.18xlarge
    • c5.24xlarge
    • c5a.large
    • c5a.xlarge
    • c5a.2xlarge
    • c5a.4xlarge
    • c5a.8xlarge
    • c5a.12xlarge
    • c5a.16xlarge
    • c5a.24xlarge
    • r4.large
    • r4.xlarge
    • r4.2xlarge
    • r4.4xlarge
    • r4.8xlarge
    • r4.16xlarge
    • r5.large
    • r5.xlarge
    • r5.2xlarge
    • r5.4xlarge
    • r5.8xlarge
    • r5.12xlarge
    • r5.16xlarge
    • r5.24xlarge
    • r5a.large
    • r5a.xlarge
    • r5a.2xlarge
    • r5a.4xlarge
    • r5a.8xlarge
    • r5a.12xlarge
    • r5a.16xlarge
    • r5a.24xlarge
    • t3.large
    • t3.xlarge
    • t3.2xlarge
    • t3a.large
    • t3a.xlarge
    • t3a.2xlarge
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the networking objects and load balancers that your cluster requires.
  3. Optional: If you specified an m5 instance type as the value for WorkerInstanceType, add that instance type to the WorkerInstanceType.AllowedValues parameter in the CloudFormation template.
  4. Optional: If you are deploying with an AWS Marketplace image, update the Worker0.type.properties.ImageID parameter with the AMI ID that you obtained from your subscription.

  5. Use the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent a worker node:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml \
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-worker-1. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-worker-1/729ee301-1c2a-11eb-348f-sd9888c65b59
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents one worker node.

  6. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Continue to create worker stacks until you have created enough worker machines for your cluster. You can create additional worker stacks by referencing the same template and parameter files and specifying a different stack name.

    Important

    You must create at least two worker machines, so you must create at least two stacks that use this CloudFormation template.

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.41. CloudFormation template for worker machines

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Node Launch (EC2 worker instance)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag nodes for the kubelet cloud provider.
    Type: String
  RhcosAmi:
    Description: Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI to use for bootstrap.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Image::Id
  Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  WorkerSecurityGroupId:
    Description: The master security group ID to associate with master nodes.
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id
  IgnitionLocation:
    Default: https://api-int.$CLUSTER_NAME.$DOMAIN:22623/config/worker
    Description: Ignition config file location.
    Type: String
  CertificateAuthorities:
    Default: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC...xYz==
    Description: Base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    Type: String
  WorkerInstanceProfileName:
    Description: IAM profile to associate with master nodes.
    Type: String
  WorkerInstanceType:
    Default: m5.large
    Type: String

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Host Information"
      Parameters:
      - WorkerInstanceType
      - RhcosAmi
      - IgnitionLocation
      - CertificateAuthorities
      - WorkerSecurityGroupId
      - WorkerInstanceProfileName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - Subnet
    ParameterLabels:
      Subnet:
        default: "Subnet"
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      WorkerInstanceType:
        default: "Worker Instance Type"
      WorkerInstanceProfileName:
        default: "Worker Instance Profile Name"
      RhcosAmi:
        default: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI ID"
      IgnitionLocation:
        default: "Worker Ignition Source"
      CertificateAuthorities:
        default: "Ignition CA String"
      WorkerSecurityGroupId:
        default: "Worker Security Group ID"

Resources:
  Worker0:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref WorkerInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref WorkerInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "WorkerSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

Outputs:
  PrivateIP:
    Description: The compute node private IP address.
    Value: !GetAtt Worker0.PrivateIp
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you create all of the required infrastructure in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can start the bootstrap sequence that initializes the OpenShift Container Platform control plane.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.
  • You created the bootstrap machine.
  • You created the control plane machines.
  • You created the worker nodes.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and start the bootstrap process that initializes the OpenShift Container Platform control plane: 

    $ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

    Example output

    INFO Waiting up to 20m0s for the Kubernetes API at https://api.mycluster.example.com:6443...
INFO API v1.22.1 up
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for bootstrapping to complete...
INFO It is now safe to remove the bootstrap resources
INFO Time elapsed: 1s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your OpenShift Container Platform control plane has initialized.

    Note

    After the control plane initializes, it sets up the compute nodes and installs additional services in the form of Operators.

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Linux Client entry and save the file.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvf <file>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 Windows Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
  3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.9 MacOSX Client entry and save the file.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.

Prerequisites

  • You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines: 

    $ oc get nodes
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.22.1
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.22.1
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.22.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The output lists all of the machines that you created.

    Note

    The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.

  2. Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster: 

    $ oc get csr
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

  3. If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

    Note

    Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.

    Note

    For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node.

    • To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR: 

      $ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.

    • To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command: 

      $ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      Note

      Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.

  4. Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster: 

    $ oc get csr
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

    • To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR: 

      $ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.

    • To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command: 

      $ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command: 

    $ oc get nodes
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.22.1
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.22.1
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.22.1
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.22.1
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.22.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status.

Additional information

4.12.22. Initial Operator configuration
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After the control plane initializes, you must immediately configure some Operators so that they all become available.

Prerequisites

  • Your control plane has initialized.

Procedure

  1. Watch the cluster components come online: 

    $ watch -n5 oc get clusteroperators
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME                                       VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   DEGRADED   SINCE
authentication                             4.9.0     True        False         False      19m
baremetal                                  4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
cloud-credential                           4.9.0     True        False         False      40m
cluster-autoscaler                         4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
config-operator                            4.9.0     True        False         False      38m
console                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      26m
csi-snapshot-controller                    4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
dns                                        4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
etcd                                       4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
image-registry                             4.9.0     True        False         False      31m
ingress                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      30m
insights                                   4.9.0     True        False         False      31m
kube-apiserver                             4.9.0     True        False         False      26m
kube-controller-manager                    4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
kube-scheduler                             4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
kube-storage-version-migrator              4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
machine-api                                4.9.0     True        False         False      29m
machine-approver                           4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
machine-config                             4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
marketplace                                4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
monitoring                                 4.9.0     True        False         False      29m
network                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      38m
node-tuning                                4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
openshift-apiserver                        4.9.0     True        False         False      32m
openshift-controller-manager               4.9.0     True        False         False      30m
openshift-samples                          4.9.0     True        False         False      32m
operator-lifecycle-manager                 4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog         4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver   4.9.0     True        False         False      32m
service-ca                                 4.9.0     True        False         False      38m
storage                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Configure the Operators that are not available.
4.12.22.1. Image registry storage configuration
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Amazon Web Services provides default storage, which means the Image Registry Operator is available after installation. However, if the Registry Operator cannot create an S3 bucket and automatically configure storage, you must manually configure registry storage.

Instructions are shown for configuring a persistent volume, which is required for production clusters. Where applicable, instructions are shown for configuring an empty directory as the storage location, which is available for only non-production clusters.

Additional instructions are provided for allowing the image registry to use block storage types by using the Recreate rollout strategy during upgrades.

You can configure registry storage for user-provisioned infrastructure in AWS to deploy OpenShift Container Platform to hidden regions. See Configuring the registry for AWS user-provisioned infrastructure for more information.

During installation, your cloud credentials are sufficient to create an Amazon S3 bucket and the Registry Operator will automatically configure storage.

If the Registry Operator cannot create an S3 bucket and automatically configure storage, you can create an S3 bucket and configure storage with the following procedure.

Prerequisites

  • You have a cluster on AWS with user-provisioned infrastructure.

  • For Amazon S3 storage, the secret is expected to contain two keys:

    • REGISTRY_STORAGE_S3_ACCESSKEY
    • REGISTRY_STORAGE_S3_SECRETKEY

Procedure

Use the following procedure if the Registry Operator cannot create an S3 bucket and automatically configure storage.

  1. Set up a Bucket Lifecycle Policy to abort incomplete multipart uploads that are one day old.

  2. Fill in the storage configuration in configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster: 

    $ oc edit configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example configuration

    storage:
  s3:
    bucket: <bucket-name>
    region: <region-name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Warning

To secure your registry images in AWS, block public access to the S3 bucket.

You must configure storage for the Image Registry Operator. For non-production clusters, you can set the image registry to an empty directory. If you do so, all images are lost if you restart the registry.

Procedure

  • To set the image registry storage to an empty directory: 

    $ oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io cluster --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"storage":{"emptyDir":{}}}}'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Warning

    Configure this option for only non-production clusters.

    If you run this command before the Image Registry Operator initializes its components, the oc patch command fails with the following error: 

    Error from server (NotFound): configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io "cluster" not found
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Wait a few minutes and run the command again.

4.12.23. Deleting the bootstrap resources
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After you complete the initial Operator configuration for the cluster, remove the bootstrap resources from Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Prerequisites

  • You completed the initial Operator configuration for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Delete the bootstrap resources. If you used the CloudFormation template, delete its stack:

    • Delete the stack by using the AWS CLI: 

      $ aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name <name>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <name> is the name of your bootstrap stack.
    • Delete the stack by using the AWS CloudFormation console.

4.12.24. Creating the Ingress DNS Records
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If you removed the DNS Zone configuration, manually create DNS records that point to the Ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard record or specific records. While the following procedure uses A records, you can use other record types that you require, such as CNAME or alias.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Determine the routes to create.

    • To create a wildcard record, use *.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>, where <cluster_name> is your cluster name, and <domain_name> is the Route 53 base domain for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

    • To create specific records, you must create a record for each route that your cluster uses, as shown in the output of the following command: 

      $ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      oauth-openshift.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
downloads-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
grafana-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Retrieve the Ingress Operator load balancer status and note the value of the external IP address that it uses, which is shown in the EXTERNAL-IP column: 

    $ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP                            PORT(S)                      AGE
router-default   LoadBalancer   172.30.62.215   ab3...28.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com   80:31499/TCP,443:30693/TCP   5m
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Locate the hosted zone ID for the load balancer: 

    $ aws elb describe-load-balancers | jq -r '.LoadBalancerDescriptions[] | select(.DNSName == "<external_ip>").CanonicalHostedZoneNameID'
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <external_ip>, specify the value of the external IP address of the Ingress Operator load balancer that you obtained.

    Example output

    Z3AADJGX6KTTL2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The output of this command is the load balancer hosted zone ID.

  4. Obtain the public hosted zone ID for your cluster’s domain: 

    $ aws route53 list-hosted-zones-by-name \
            --dns-name "<domain_name>" \
    1 
    
            --query 'HostedZones[? Config.PrivateZone != `true` && Name == `<domain_name>.`].Id'
    2 
    
            --output text
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1 2
    For <domain_name>, specify the Route 53 base domain for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

    Example output

    /hostedzone/Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The public hosted zone ID for your domain is shown in the command output. In this example, it is Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

  5. Add the alias records to your private zone: 

    $ aws route53 change-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id "<private_hosted_zone_id>" --change-batch '{
    1 
    
>   "Changes": [
>     {
>       "Action": "CREATE",
>       "ResourceRecordSet": {
>         "Name": "\\052.apps.<cluster_domain>",
    2 
    
>         "Type": "A",
>         "AliasTarget":{
>           "HostedZoneId": "<hosted_zone_id>",
    3 
    
>           "DNSName": "<external_ip>.",
    4 
    
>           "EvaluateTargetHealth": false
>         }
>       }
>     }
>   ]
> }'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <private_hosted_zone_id>, specify the value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    2
    For <cluster_domain>, specify the domain or subdomain that you use with your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
    3
    For <hosted_zone_id>, specify the public hosted zone ID for the load balancer that you obtained.
    4
    For <external_ip>, specify the value of the external IP address of the Ingress Operator load balancer. Ensure that you include the trailing period (.) in this parameter value.

  6. Add the records to your public zone: 

    $ aws route53 change-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id "<public_hosted_zone_id>"" --change-batch '{
    1 
    
>   "Changes": [
>     {
>       "Action": "CREATE",
>       "ResourceRecordSet": {
>         "Name": "\\052.apps.<cluster_domain>",
    2 
    
>         "Type": "A",
>         "AliasTarget":{
>           "HostedZoneId": "<hosted_zone_id>",
    3 
    
>           "DNSName": "<external_ip>.",
    4 
    
>           "EvaluateTargetHealth": false
>         }
>       }
>     }
>   ]
> }'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <public_hosted_zone_id>, specify the public hosted zone for your domain.
    2
    For <cluster_domain>, specify the domain or subdomain that you use with your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
    3
    For <hosted_zone_id>, specify the public hosted zone ID for the load balancer that you obtained.
    4
    For <external_ip>, specify the value of the external IP address of the Ingress Operator load balancer. Ensure that you include the trailing period (.) in this parameter value.

After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Amazon Web Service (AWS) user-provisioned infrastructure, monitor the deployment to completion.

Prerequisites

  • You removed the bootstrap node for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned AWS infrastructure.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  • From the directory that contains the installation program, complete the cluster installation: 

    $ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

    Example output

    INFO Waiting up to 40m0s for the cluster at https://api.mycluster.example.com:6443 to initialize...
INFO Waiting up to 10m0s for the openshift-console route to be created...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Fe5en-ymBEc-Wt6NL"
INFO Time elapsed: 1s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.12.29. Next steps
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In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) using infrastructure that you provide and an internal mirror of the installation release content.

Important

While you can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using mirrored installation release content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the AWS APIs.

One way to create this infrastructure is to use the provided CloudFormation templates. You can modify the templates to customize your infrastructure or use the information that they contain to create AWS objects according to your company’s policies.

Important

The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several CloudFormation templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.

4.13.1. Prerequisites
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4.13.2. About installations in restricted networks
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.

If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.

To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift Container Platform registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.

Important

Because of the complexity of the configuration for user-provisioned installations, consider completing a standard user-provisioned infrastructure installation before you attempt a restricted network installation using user-provisioned infrastructure. Completing this test installation might make it easier to isolate and troubleshoot any issues that might arise during your installation in a restricted network.

4.13.2.1. Additional limits
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Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:

  • The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error.
  • By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

  • Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
  • Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
  • Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.

The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:

Expand
Table 4.44. Minimum required hosts
HostsDescription

One temporary bootstrap machine

The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster.

Three control plane machines

The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane.

At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines.

The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines.

Important

To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.

The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7.9, or RHEL 8.4.

Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand
Table 4.45. Minimum resource requirements
MachineOperating SystemvCPU [1]Virtual RAMStorageIOPS [2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS, RHEL 7.9, or RHEL 8.4 [3]

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and planned for removal in a future release of OpenShift Container Platform 4.
4.13.4.3. Certificate signing requests management
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Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

4.13.4.4. Supported AWS machine types
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The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types are supported with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 4.42. Instance types for machines

Expand
Instance typeBootstrapControl planeCompute

i3.large

x

  

m4.large

  

x

m4.xlarge

 

x

x

m4.2xlarge

 

x

x

m4.4xlarge

 

x

x

m4.10xlarge

 

x

x

m4.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5.large

  

x

m5.xlarge

 

x

x

m5.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5.16xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.large

  

x

m5a.xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

m5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.2xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.4xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.8xlarge

 

x

x

m6i.16xlarge

 

x

x

c4.2xlarge

 

x

x

c4.4xlarge

 

x

x

c4.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5.xlarge

  

x

c5.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5.9xlarge

 

x

x

c5.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5.18xlarge

 

x

x

c5.24xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.xlarge

  

x

c5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

c5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

r4.large

  

x

r4.xlarge

 

x

x

r4.2xlarge

 

x

x

r4.4xlarge

 

x

x

r4.8xlarge

 

x

x

r4.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.large

  

x

r5.xlarge

 

x

x

r5.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5.24xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.large

  

x

r5a.xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.2xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.4xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.8xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.12xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.16xlarge

 

x

x

r5a.24xlarge

 

x

x

t3.large

  

x

t3.xlarge

  

x

t3.2xlarge

  

x

t3a.large

  

x

t3a.xlarge

  

x

t3a.2xlarge

  

x

4.13.5. Required AWS infrastructure components
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To install OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you must manually create both the machines and their supporting infrastructure.

For more information about the integration testing for different platforms, see the OpenShift Container Platform 4.x Tested Integrations page.

By using the provided CloudFormation templates, you can create stacks of AWS resources that represent the following components:

  • An AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
  • Networking and load balancing components
  • Security groups and roles
  • An OpenShift Container Platform bootstrap node
  • OpenShift Container Platform control plane nodes
  • An OpenShift Container Platform compute node

Alternatively, you can manually create the components or you can reuse existing infrastructure that meets the cluster requirements. Review the CloudFormation templates for more details about how the components interrelate.

4.13.5.1. Other infrastructure components
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  • A VPC
  • DNS entries
  • Load balancers (classic or network) and listeners
  • A public and a private Route 53 zone
  • Security groups
  • IAM roles
  • S3 buckets

If you are working in a disconnected environment or use a proxy, you cannot reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To reach these endpoints, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. Create the following endpoints:

  • ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
  • s3.<region>.amazonaws.com

Required VPC components

You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

VPC

  • AWS::EC2::VPC
  • AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint

You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3.

Public subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation

Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules.

Internet gateway

  • AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  • AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::Route
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
  • AWS::EC2::NatGateway
  • AWS::EC2::EIP

You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios.

Network access control

  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
  • AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry

You must allow the VPC to access the following ports:

Port

Reason

80

Inbound HTTP traffic

443

Inbound HTTPS traffic

22

Inbound SSH traffic

1024 - 65535

Inbound ephemeral traffic

0 - 65535

Outbound ephemeral traffic

Private subnets

  • AWS::EC2::Subnet
  • AWS::EC2::RouteTable
  • AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation

Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them.

Required DNS and load balancing components

Your DNS and load balancer configuration needs to use a public hosted zone and can use a private hosted zone similar to the one that the installation program uses if it provisions the cluster’s infrastructure. You must create a DNS entry that resolves to your load balancer. An entry for api.<cluster_name>.<domain> must point to the external load balancer, and an entry for api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain> must point to the internal load balancer.

The cluster also requires load balancers and listeners for port 6443, which are required for the Kubernetes API and its extensions, and port 22623, which are required for the Ignition config files for new machines. The targets will be the control plane nodes. Port 6443 must be accessible to both clients external to the cluster and nodes within the cluster. Port 22623 must be accessible to nodes within the cluster.

Expand
ComponentAWS typeDescription

DNS

AWS::Route53::HostedZone

The hosted zone for your internal DNS.

etcd record sets

AWS::Route53::RecordSet

The registration records for etcd for your control plane machines.

Public load balancer

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer

The load balancer for your public subnets.

External API server record

AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup

Alias records for the external API server.

External listener

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener

A listener on port 6443 for the external load balancer.

External target group

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup

The target group for the external load balancer.

Private load balancer

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer

The load balancer for your private subnets.

Internal API server record

AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup

Alias records for the internal API server.

Internal listener

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener

A listener on port 22623 for the internal load balancer.

Internal target group

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup

The target group for the internal load balancer.

Internal listener

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener

A listener on port 6443 for the internal load balancer.

Internal target group

AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup

The target group for the internal load balancer.

Security groups

The control plane and worker machines require access to the following ports:

Expand
GroupTypeIP ProtocolPort range

MasterSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

icmp

0

tcp

22

tcp

6443

tcp

22623

WorkerSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

icmp

0

tcp

22

BootstrapSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

tcp

22

tcp

19531

Control plane Ingress

The control plane machines require the following Ingress groups. Each Ingress group is a AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress resource.

Expand
Ingress groupDescriptionIP protocolPort range

MasterIngressEtcd

etcd

tcp

2379- 2380

MasterIngressVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

MasterIngressWorkerVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

MasterIngressInternal

Internal cluster communication and Kubernetes proxy metrics

tcp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressWorkerInternal

Internal cluster communication

tcp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager

tcp

10250 - 10259

MasterIngressWorkerKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager

tcp

10250 - 10259

MasterIngressIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

MasterIngressWorkerIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

MasterIngressGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

MasterIngressWorkerGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

MasterIngressIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

MasterIngressWorkerIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

MasterIngressIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

MasterIngressWorkerIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

MasterIngressIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

MasterIngressWorkerIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

MasterIngressInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressWorkerInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

MasterIngressIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

MasterIngressWorkerIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

Worker Ingress

The worker machines require the following Ingress groups. Each Ingress group is a AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress resource.

Expand
Ingress groupDescriptionIP protocolPort range

WorkerIngressVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

WorkerIngressWorkerVxlan

Vxlan packets

udp

4789

WorkerIngressInternal

Internal cluster communication

tcp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressWorkerInternal

Internal cluster communication

tcp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler, and controller manager

tcp

10250

WorkerIngressWorkerKube

Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler, and controller manager

tcp

10250

WorkerIngressIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

WorkerIngressWorkerIngressServices

Kubernetes Ingress services

tcp

30000 - 32767

WorkerIngressGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

WorkerIngressMasterGeneve

Geneve packets

udp

6081

WorkerIngressIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

WorkerIngressMasterIpsecIke

IPsec IKE packets

udp

500

WorkerIngressIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

WorkerIngressMasterIpsecNat

IPsec NAT-T packets

udp

4500

WorkerIngressIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

WorkerIngressMasterIpsecEsp

IPsec ESP packets

50

All

WorkerIngressInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressMasterInternalUDP

Internal cluster communication

udp

9000 - 9999

WorkerIngressIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

WorkerIngressMasterIngressServicesUDP

Kubernetes Ingress services

udp

30000 - 32767

Roles and instance profiles

You must grant the machines permissions in AWS. The provided CloudFormation templates grant the machines Allow permissions for the following AWS::IAM::Role objects and provide a AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile for each set of roles. If you do not use the templates, you can grant the machines the following broad permissions or the following individual permissions.

Expand
RoleEffectActionResource

Master

Allow

ec2:*

*

Allow

elasticloadbalancing:*

*

Allow

iam:PassRole

*

Allow

s3:GetObject

*

Worker

Allow

ec2:Describe*

*

Bootstrap

Allow

ec2:Describe*

*

Allow

ec2:AttachVolume

*

Allow

ec2:DetachVolume

*

4.13.5.2. Cluster machines
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You need AWS::EC2::Instance objects for the following machines:

  • A bootstrap machine. This machine is required during installation, but you can remove it after your cluster deploys.
  • Three control plane machines. The control plane machines are not governed by a machine set.
  • Compute machines. You must create at least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, during installation. These machines are not governed by a machine set.
Note

Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region.

When you attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the IAM user that you create in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you grant that user all of the required permissions. To deploy all components of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, the IAM user requires the following permissions:

Example 4.43. Required EC2 permissions for installation

  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress
  • ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:CopyImage
  • ec2:CreateNetworkInterface
  • ec2:AttachNetworkInterface
  • ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
  • ec2:CreateTags
  • ec2:CreateVolume
  • ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
  • ec2:DeleteSnapshot
  • ec2:DeleteTags
  • ec2:DeregisterImage
  • ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes
  • ec2:DescribeAddresses
  • ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones
  • ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions
  • ec2:DescribeImages
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceCreditSpecifications
  • ec2:DescribeInstances
  • ec2:DescribeInstanceTypes
  • ec2:DescribeInternetGateways
  • ec2:DescribeKeyPairs
  • ec2:DescribeNatGateways
  • ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls
  • ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces
  • ec2:DescribePrefixLists
  • ec2:DescribeRegions
  • ec2:DescribeRouteTables
  • ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups
  • ec2:DescribeSubnets
  • ec2:DescribeTags
  • ec2:DescribeVolumes
  • ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute
  • ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink
  • ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport
  • ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints
  • ec2:DescribeVpcs
  • ec2:GetEbsDefaultKmsKeyId
  • ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress
  • ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
  • ec2:RunInstances
  • ec2:TerminateInstances

Example 4.44. Required permissions for creating network resources during installation

  • ec2:AllocateAddress
  • ec2:AssociateAddress
  • ec2:AssociateDhcpOptions
  • ec2:AssociateRouteTable
  • ec2:AttachInternetGateway
  • ec2:CreateDhcpOptions
  • ec2:CreateInternetGateway
  • ec2:CreateNatGateway
  • ec2:CreateRoute
  • ec2:CreateRouteTable
  • ec2:CreateSubnet
  • ec2:CreateVpc
  • ec2:CreateVpcEndpoint
  • ec2:ModifySubnetAttribute
  • ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute
Note

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions for creating network resources.

Example 4.45. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELB) for installation

  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
  • elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeInstanceHealth
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener

Example 4.46. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELBv2) for installation

  • elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeListeners
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetHealth
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
  • elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets

Example 4.47. Required IAM permissions for installation

  • iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile
  • iam:CreateInstanceProfile
  • iam:CreateRole
  • iam:DeleteInstanceProfile
  • iam:DeleteRole
  • iam:DeleteRolePolicy
  • iam:GetInstanceProfile
  • iam:GetRole
  • iam:GetRolePolicy
  • iam:GetUser
  • iam:ListInstanceProfilesForRole
  • iam:ListRoles
  • iam:ListUsers
  • iam:PassRole
  • iam:PutRolePolicy
  • iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile
  • iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy
  • iam:TagRole
Note

If you have not created an elastic load balancer (ELB) in your AWS account, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole permission.

Example 4.48. Required Route 53 permissions for installation

  • route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets
  • route53:ChangeTagsForResource
  • route53:CreateHostedZone
  • route53:DeleteHostedZone
  • route53:GetChange
  • route53:GetHostedZone
  • route53:ListHostedZones
  • route53:ListHostedZonesByName
  • route53:ListResourceRecordSets
  • route53:ListTagsForResource
  • route53:UpdateHostedZoneComment

Example 4.49. Required S3 permissions for installation

  • s3:CreateBucket
  • s3:DeleteBucket
  • s3:GetAccelerateConfiguration
  • s3:GetBucketAcl
  • s3:GetBucketCors
  • s3:GetBucketLocation
  • s3:GetBucketLogging
  • s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration
  • s3:GetBucketReplication
  • s3:GetBucketRequestPayment
  • s3:GetBucketTagging
  • s3:GetBucketVersioning
  • s3:GetBucketWebsite
  • s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration
  • s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration
  • s3:GetReplicationConfiguration
  • s3:ListBucket
  • s3:PutBucketAcl
  • s3:PutBucketTagging
  • s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration

Example 4.50. S3 permissions that cluster Operators require

  • s3:DeleteObject
  • s3:GetObject
  • s3:GetObjectAcl
  • s3:GetObjectTagging
  • s3:GetObjectVersion
  • s3:PutObject
  • s3:PutObjectAcl
  • s3:PutObjectTagging

Example 4.51. Required permissions to delete base cluster resources

  • autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
  • ec2:DeleteNetworkInterface
  • ec2:DeleteVolume
  • elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
  • elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroups
  • iam:DeleteAccessKey
  • iam:DeleteUser
  • iam:ListAttachedRolePolicies
  • iam:ListInstanceProfiles
  • iam:ListRolePolicies
  • iam:ListUserPolicies
  • s3:DeleteObject
  • s3:ListBucketVersions
  • tag:GetResources

Example 4.52. Required permissions to delete network resources

  • ec2:DeleteDhcpOptions
  • ec2:DeleteInternetGateway
  • ec2:DeleteNatGateway
  • ec2:DeleteRoute
  • ec2:DeleteRouteTable
  • ec2:DeleteSubnet
  • ec2:DeleteVpc
  • ec2:DeleteVpcEndpoints
  • ec2:DetachInternetGateway
  • ec2:DisassociateRouteTable
  • ec2:ReleaseAddress
  • ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation
Note

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions to delete network resources. Instead, your account only requires the tag:UntagResources permission to delete network resources.

Example 4.53. Required permissions to delete a cluster with shared instance roles

  • iam:UntagRole

Example 4.54. Additional IAM and S3 permissions that are required to create manifests

  • iam:DeleteAccessKey
  • iam:DeleteUser
  • iam:DeleteUserPolicy
  • iam:GetUserPolicy
  • iam:ListAccessKeys
  • iam:PutUserPolicy
  • iam:TagUser
  • s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
  • s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock
  • s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration
  • s3:HeadBucket
  • s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads
  • s3:AbortMultipartUpload
Note

If you are managing your cloud provider credentials with mint mode, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateAccessKey and iam:CreateUser permissions.

Example 4.55. Optional permissions for instance and quota checks for installation

  • ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings
  • servicequotas:ListAWSDefaultServiceQuotas

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command: 

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
    Note

    If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

  2. View the public SSH key: 

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key: 

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    Note

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task: 

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent: 

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

    Example output

    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Next steps

  • When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program. If you install a cluster on infrastructure that you provision, you must provide the key to the installation program.

4.13.7. Creating the installation files for AWS
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To install OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

  • /var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.
  • /var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.
  • /var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Important

If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section.

Procedure

  1. Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files: 

    $ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted: 

    $ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    ? SSH Public Key ...
INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory: 

    $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition: 

    variant: openshift
version: 4.9.0
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
  name: 98-var-partition
storage:
  disks:
  - device: /dev/<device_name>
    1 
    
    partitions:
    - label: var
      start_mib: <partition_start_offset>
    2 
    
      size_mib: <partition_size>
    3 
    
  filesystems:
    - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
      path: /var
      format: xfs
      mount_options: [defaults, prjquota]
    4 
    
      with_mount_unit: true
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
    2
    When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
    3
    The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
    4
    The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.
    Note

    When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.

  5. Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command: 

    $ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories: 

    $ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.

Generate and customize the installation configuration file that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster.

Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program for user-provisioned infrastructure and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
  • You checked that you are deploying your cluster to a region with an accompanying Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI published by Red Hat. If you are deploying to a region that requires a custom AMI, such as an AWS GovCloud region, you must create the install-config.yaml file manually.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: 

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select aws as the platform to target.

      3. If you do not have an AWS profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.

        Note

        The AWS access key ID and secret access key are stored in ~/.aws/credentials in the home directory of the current user on the installation host. You are prompted for the credentials by the installation program if the credentials for the exported profile are not present in the file. Any credentials that you provide to the installation program are stored in the file.

      4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.

  2. Edit the install-config.yaml file to provide the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.

    1. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry: 

      pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      For <local_registry>, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example registry.example.com or registry.example.com:5000. For <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.

    2. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value. The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry, which can be an existing, trusted certificate authority or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry. 

      additionalTrustBundle: |
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    3. Add the image content resources: 

      imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
  - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Use the imageContentSources section from the output of the command to mirror the repository or the values that you used when you mirrored the content from the media that you brought into your restricted network.

    4. Optional: Set the publishing strategy to Internal: 

      publish: Internal
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      By setting this option, you create an internal Ingress Controller and a private load balancer.

  3. Optional: Back up the install-config.yaml file.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

  • You have added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: 

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    1 
    
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
    2 
    
  noProxy: example.com
    3 
    
additionalTrustBundle: |
    4 
    
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
    2
    A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
    3
    A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
    4
    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Important
  • The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
  • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
  • You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster: 

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.

  2. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines: 

    $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

  3. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines: 

    $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.

  4. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

    1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
    2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.
    3. Save and exit the file.

  5. Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file: 

    apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: DNS
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  baseDomain: example.openshift.com
  privateZone:
    1 
    
    id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
  publicZone:
    2 
    
    id: example.openshift.com
status: {}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1 2
    Remove this section completely.

    If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.

  6. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program: 

    $ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.

    Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory: 

    .
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.13.8. Extracting the infrastructure name
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The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Amazon Web Services (AWS). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate AWS resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided CloudFormation templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it.

Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You installed the jq package.

Procedure

  • To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command: 

    $ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

    Example output

    openshift-vw9j6
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1
    The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.

4.13.9. Creating a VPC in AWS
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You must create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements, including VPN and route tables.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcCidr",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "10.0.0.0/16"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AvailabilityZoneCount",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "1"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "SubnetBits",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "12"
    6 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The CIDR block for the VPC.
    2
    Specify a CIDR block in the format x.x.x.x/16-24.
    3
    The number of availability zones to deploy the VPC in.
    4
    Specify an integer between 1 and 3.
    5
    The size of each subnet in each availability zone.
    6
    Specify an integer between 5 and 13, where 5 is /27 and 13 is /19.
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.

  3. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-vpc. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-vpc/dbedae40-2fd3-11eb-820e-12a48460849f
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    VpcId

    The ID of your VPC.

    PublicSubnetIds

    The IDs of the new public subnets.

    PrivateSubnetIds

    The IDs of the new private subnets.

4.13.9.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC
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You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.56. CloudFormation template for the VPC

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for Best Practice VPC with 1-3 AZs

Parameters:
  VpcCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/(1[6-9]|2[0-4]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    Default: 10.0.0.0/16
    Description: CIDR block for VPC.
    Type: String
  AvailabilityZoneCount:
    ConstraintDescription: "The number of availability zones. (Min: 1, Max: 3)"
    MinValue: 1
    MaxValue: 3
    Default: 1
    Description: "How many AZs to create VPC subnets for. (Min: 1, Max: 3)"
    Type: Number
  SubnetBits:
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/19-27.
    MinValue: 5
    MaxValue: 13
    Default: 12
    Description: "Size of each subnet to create within the availability zones. (Min: 5 = /27, Max: 13 = /19)"
    Type: Number

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcCidr
      - SubnetBits
    - Label:
        default: "Availability Zones"
      Parameters:
      - AvailabilityZoneCount
    ParameterLabels:
      AvailabilityZoneCount:
        default: "Availability Zone Count"
      VpcCidr:
        default: "VPC CIDR"
      SubnetBits:
        default: "Bits Per Subnet"

Conditions:
  DoAz3: !Equals [3, !Ref AvailabilityZoneCount]
  DoAz2: !Or [!Equals [2, !Ref AvailabilityZoneCount], Condition: DoAz3]

Resources:
  VPC:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::VPC"
    Properties:
      EnableDnsSupport: "true"
      EnableDnsHostnames: "true"
      CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCidr
  PublicSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [0, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 0
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PublicSubnet2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [1, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 1
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PublicSubnet3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [2, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 2
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  InternetGateway:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway"
  GatewayToInternet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
  PublicRouteTable:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PublicRoute:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    DependsOn: GatewayToInternet
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation3:
    Condition: DoAz3
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet3
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PrivateSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [3, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 0
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PrivateRouteTable:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable
  NAT:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
  EIP:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT
  PrivateSubnet2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [4, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 1
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PrivateRouteTable2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet2
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable2
  NAT2:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP2
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2
  EIP2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable2
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT2
  PrivateSubnet3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [5, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 2
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
  PrivateRouteTable3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet3
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable3
  NAT3:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP3
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet3
  EIP3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable3
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT3
  S3Endpoint:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint
    Properties:
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Principal: '*'
          Action:
          - '*'
          Resource:
          - '*'
      RouteTableIds:
      - !Ref PublicRouteTable
      - !Ref PrivateRouteTable
      - !If [DoAz2, !Ref PrivateRouteTable2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]
      - !If [DoAz3, !Ref PrivateRouteTable3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]
      ServiceName: !Join
      - ''
      - - com.amazonaws.
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - .s3
      VpcId: !Ref VPC

Outputs:
  VpcId:
    Description: ID of the new VPC.
    Value: !Ref VPC
  PublicSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the public subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!Ref PublicSubnet, !If [DoAz2, !Ref PublicSubnet2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"], !If [DoAz3, !Ref PublicSubnet3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]]
      ]
  PrivateSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the private subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!Ref PrivateSubnet, !If [DoAz2, !Ref PrivateSubnet2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"], !If [DoAz3, !Ref PrivateSubnet3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]]
      ]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You must configure networking and classic or network load balancing in Amazon Web Services (AWS) that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster can use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources. The stack represents the networking and load balancing components that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster requires. The template also creates a hosted zone and subnet tags.

You can run the template multiple times within a single Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the hosted zone ID for the Route 53 base domain that you specified in the install-config.yaml file for your cluster. You can obtain details about your hosted zone by running the following command: 

    $ aws route53 list-hosted-zones-by-name --dns-name <route53_domain>
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For the <route53_domain>, specify the Route 53 base domain that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster.

    Example output

    mycluster.example.com.	False	100
HOSTEDZONES	65F8F38E-2268-B835-E15C-AB55336FCBFA	/hostedzone/Z21IXYZABCZ2A4	mycluster.example.com.	10
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    In the example output, the hosted zone ID is Z21IXYZABCZ2A4.

  2. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ClusterName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "HostedZoneId",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "<random_string>"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "HostedZoneName",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "example.com"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PublicSubnets",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateSubnets",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>"
    14 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    A short, representative cluster name to use for hostnames, etc.
    2
    Specify the cluster name that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster.
    3
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    4
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    5
    The Route 53 public zone ID to register the targets with.
    6
    Specify the Route 53 public zone ID, which as a format similar to Z21IXYZABCZ2A4. You can obtain this value from the AWS console.
    7
    The Route 53 zone to register the targets with.
    8
    Specify the Route 53 base domain that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster. Do not include the trailing period (.) that is displayed in the AWS console.
    9
    The public subnets that you created for your VPC.
    10
    Specify the PublicSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    11
    The private subnets that you created for your VPC.
    12
    Specify the PrivateSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    13
    The VPC that you created for the cluster.
    14
    Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.

  3. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the network and load balancers section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the networking and load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

    Important

    If you are deploying your cluster to an AWS government or secret region, you must update the InternalApiServerRecord in the CloudFormation template to use CNAME records. Records of type ALIAS are not supported for AWS government regions.

  4. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that provide the networking and load balancing components:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3 
    
     --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-dns. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
    4
    You must explicitly declare the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability because the provided template creates some AWS::IAM::Role resources.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-dns/cd3e5de0-2fd4-11eb-5cf0-12be5c33a183
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    PrivateHostedZoneId

    Hosted zone ID for the private DNS.

    ExternalApiLoadBalancerName

    Full name of the external API load balancer.

    InternalApiLoadBalancerName

    Full name of the internal API load balancer.

    ApiServerDnsName

    Full hostname of the API server.

    RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda

    Lambda ARN useful to help register/deregister IP targets for these load balancers.

    ExternalApiTargetGroupArn

    ARN of external API target group.

    InternalApiTargetGroupArn

    ARN of internal API target group.

    InternalServiceTargetGroupArn

    ARN of internal service target group.

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the networking objects and load balancers that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.57. CloudFormation template for the network and load balancers

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Network Elements (Route53 & LBs)

Parameters:
  ClusterName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Cluster name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, representative cluster name to use for host names and other identifying names.
    Type: String
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag cloud resources and identify items owned or used by the cluster.
    Type: String
  HostedZoneId:
    Description: The Route53 public zone ID to register the targets with, such as Z21IXYZABCZ2A4.
    Type: String
  HostedZoneName:
    Description: The Route53 zone to register the targets with, such as example.com. Omit the trailing period.
    Type: String
    Default: "example.com"
  PublicSubnets:
    Description: The internet-facing subnets.
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>
  PrivateSubnets:
    Description: The internal subnets.
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>
  VpcId:
    Description: The VPC-scoped resources will belong to this VPC.
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - ClusterName
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - PublicSubnets
      - PrivateSubnets
    - Label:
        default: "DNS"
      Parameters:
      - HostedZoneName
      - HostedZoneId
    ParameterLabels:
      ClusterName:
        default: "Cluster Name"
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      PublicSubnets:
        default: "Public Subnets"
      PrivateSubnets:
        default: "Private Subnets"
      HostedZoneName:
        default: "Public Hosted Zone Name"
      HostedZoneId:
        default: "Public Hosted Zone ID"

Resources:
  ExtApiElb:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer
    Properties:
      Name: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "ext"]]
      IpAddressType: ipv4
      Subnets: !Ref PublicSubnets
      Type: network

  IntApiElb:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer
    Properties:
      Name: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "int"]]
      Scheme: internal
      IpAddressType: ipv4
      Subnets: !Ref PrivateSubnets
      Type: network

  IntDns:
    Type: "AWS::Route53::HostedZone"
    Properties:
      HostedZoneConfig:
        Comment: "Managed by CloudFormation"
      Name: !Join [".", [!Ref ClusterName, !Ref HostedZoneName]]
      HostedZoneTags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "int"]]
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "owned"
      VPCs:
      - VPCId: !Ref VpcId
        VPCRegion: !Ref "AWS::Region"

  ExternalApiServerRecord:
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup
    Properties:
      Comment: Alias record for the API server
      HostedZoneId: !Ref HostedZoneId
      RecordSets:
      - Name:
          !Join [
            ".",
            ["api", !Ref ClusterName, !Join ["", [!Ref HostedZoneName, "."]]],
          ]
        Type: A
        AliasTarget:
          HostedZoneId: !GetAtt ExtApiElb.CanonicalHostedZoneID
          DNSName: !GetAtt ExtApiElb.DNSName

  InternalApiServerRecord:
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSetGroup
    Properties:
      Comment: Alias record for the API server
      HostedZoneId: !Ref IntDns
      RecordSets:
      - Name:
          !Join [
            ".",
            ["api", !Ref ClusterName, !Join ["", [!Ref HostedZoneName, "."]]],
          ]
        Type: A
        AliasTarget:
          HostedZoneId: !GetAtt IntApiElb.CanonicalHostedZoneID
          DNSName: !GetAtt IntApiElb.DNSName
      - Name:
          !Join [
            ".",
            ["api-int", !Ref ClusterName, !Join ["", [!Ref HostedZoneName, "."]]],
          ]
        Type: A
        AliasTarget:
          HostedZoneId: !GetAtt IntApiElb.CanonicalHostedZoneID
          DNSName: !GetAtt IntApiElb.DNSName

  ExternalApiListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      DefaultActions:
      - Type: forward
        TargetGroupArn:
          Ref: ExternalApiTargetGroup
      LoadBalancerArn:
        Ref: ExtApiElb
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP

  ExternalApiTargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 10
      HealthCheckPath: "/readyz"
      HealthCheckPort: 6443
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTPS
      HealthyThresholdCount: 2
      UnhealthyThresholdCount: 2
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP
      TargetType: ip
      VpcId:
        Ref: VpcId
      TargetGroupAttributes:
      - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds
        Value: 60

  InternalApiListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      DefaultActions:
      - Type: forward
        TargetGroupArn:
          Ref: InternalApiTargetGroup
      LoadBalancerArn:
        Ref: IntApiElb
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP

  InternalApiTargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 10
      HealthCheckPath: "/readyz"
      HealthCheckPort: 6443
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTPS
      HealthyThresholdCount: 2
      UnhealthyThresholdCount: 2
      Port: 6443
      Protocol: TCP
      TargetType: ip
      VpcId:
        Ref: VpcId
      TargetGroupAttributes:
      - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds
        Value: 60

  InternalServiceInternalListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      DefaultActions:
      - Type: forward
        TargetGroupArn:
          Ref: InternalServiceTargetGroup
      LoadBalancerArn:
        Ref: IntApiElb
      Port: 22623
      Protocol: TCP

  InternalServiceTargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 10
      HealthCheckPath: "/healthz"
      HealthCheckPort: 22623
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTPS
      HealthyThresholdCount: 2
      UnhealthyThresholdCount: 2
      Port: 22623
      Protocol: TCP
      TargetType: ip
      VpcId:
        Ref: VpcId
      TargetGroupAttributes:
      - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds
        Value: 60

  RegisterTargetLambdaIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "nlb", "lambda", "role"]]
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "lambda.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "master", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets",
                "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets",
              ]
            Resource: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroup
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets",
                "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets",
              ]
            Resource: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroup
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets",
                "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets",
              ]
            Resource: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroup

  RegisterNlbIpTargets:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Function"
    Properties:
      Handler: "index.handler"
      Role:
        Fn::GetAtt:
        - "RegisterTargetLambdaIamRole"
        - "Arn"
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          import json
          import boto3
          import cfnresponse
          def handler(event, context):
            elb = boto3.client('elbv2')
            if event['RequestType'] == 'Delete':
              elb.deregister_targets(TargetGroupArn=event['ResourceProperties']['TargetArn'],Targets=[{'Id': event['ResourceProperties']['TargetIp']}])
            elif event['RequestType'] == 'Create':
              elb.register_targets(TargetGroupArn=event['ResourceProperties']['TargetArn'],Targets=[{'Id': event['ResourceProperties']['TargetIp']}])
            responseData = {}
            cfnresponse.send(event, context, cfnresponse.SUCCESS, responseData, event['ResourceProperties']['TargetArn']+event['ResourceProperties']['TargetIp'])
      Runtime: "python3.7"
      Timeout: 120

  RegisterSubnetTagsLambdaIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "subnet-tags-lambda-role"]]
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "lambda.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "subnet-tagging-policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "ec2:DeleteTags",
                "ec2:CreateTags"
              ]
            Resource: "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:subnet/*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
              [
                "ec2:DescribeSubnets",
                "ec2:DescribeTags"
              ]
            Resource: "*"

  RegisterSubnetTags:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Function"
    Properties:
      Handler: "index.handler"
      Role:
        Fn::GetAtt:
        - "RegisterSubnetTagsLambdaIamRole"
        - "Arn"
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          import json
          import boto3
          import cfnresponse
          def handler(event, context):
            ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2')
            if event['RequestType'] == 'Delete':
              for subnet_id in event['ResourceProperties']['Subnets']:
                ec2_client.delete_tags(Resources=[subnet_id], Tags=[{'Key': 'kubernetes.io/cluster/' + event['ResourceProperties']['InfrastructureName']}]);
            elif event['RequestType'] == 'Create':
              for subnet_id in event['ResourceProperties']['Subnets']:
                ec2_client.create_tags(Resources=[subnet_id], Tags=[{'Key': 'kubernetes.io/cluster/' + event['ResourceProperties']['InfrastructureName'], 'Value': 'shared'}]);
            responseData = {}
            cfnresponse.send(event, context, cfnresponse.SUCCESS, responseData, event['ResourceProperties']['InfrastructureName']+event['ResourceProperties']['Subnets'][0])
      Runtime: "python3.7"
      Timeout: 120

  RegisterPublicSubnetTags:
    Type: Custom::SubnetRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !GetAtt RegisterSubnetTags.Arn
      InfrastructureName: !Ref InfrastructureName
      Subnets: !Ref PublicSubnets

  RegisterPrivateSubnetTags:
    Type: Custom::SubnetRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !GetAtt RegisterSubnetTags.Arn
      InfrastructureName: !Ref InfrastructureName
      Subnets: !Ref PrivateSubnets

Outputs:
  PrivateHostedZoneId:
    Description: Hosted zone ID for the private DNS, which is required for private records.
    Value: !Ref IntDns
  ExternalApiLoadBalancerName:
    Description: Full name of the external API load balancer.
    Value: !GetAtt ExtApiElb.LoadBalancerFullName
  InternalApiLoadBalancerName:
    Description: Full name of the internal API load balancer.
    Value: !GetAtt IntApiElb.LoadBalancerFullName
  ApiServerDnsName:
    Description: Full hostname of the API server, which is required for the Ignition config files.
    Value: !Join [".", ["api-int", !Ref ClusterName, !Ref HostedZoneName]]
  RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda:
    Description: Lambda ARN useful to help register or deregister IP targets for these load balancers.
    Value: !GetAtt RegisterNlbIpTargets.Arn
  ExternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN of the external API target group.
    Value: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroup
  InternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN of the internal API target group.
    Value: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroup
  InternalServiceTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN of the internal service target group.
    Value: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroup
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Important

If you are deploying your cluster to an AWS government or secret region, you must update the InternalApiServerRecord to use CNAME records. Records of type ALIAS are not supported for AWS government regions. For example: 

Type: CNAME
TTL: 10
ResourceRecords:
- !GetAtt IntApiElb.DNSName
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.13.11. Creating security group and roles in AWS
Copy link

You must create security groups and roles in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources. The stack represents the security groups and roles that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster requires.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcCidr",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "10.0.0.0/16"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateSubnets",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>"
    8 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    The CIDR block for the VPC.
    4
    Specify the CIDR block parameter that you used for the VPC that you defined in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    5
    The private subnets that you created for your VPC.
    6
    Specify the PrivateSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    7
    The VPC that you created for the cluster.
    8
    Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for security objects section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the security groups and roles that your cluster requires.

  3. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the security groups and roles:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3 
    
     --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-sec. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
    4
    You must explicitly declare the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability because the provided template creates some AWS::IAM::Role and AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile resources.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-sec/03bd4210-2ed7-11eb-6d7a-13fc0b61e9db
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    MasterSecurityGroupId

    Master Security Group ID

    WorkerSecurityGroupId

    Worker Security Group ID

    MasterInstanceProfile

    Master IAM Instance Profile

    WorkerInstanceProfile

    Worker IAM Instance Profile

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the security objects that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.58. CloudFormation template for security objects

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Security Elements (Security Groups & IAM)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag cloud resources and identify items owned or used by the cluster.
    Type: String
  VpcCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/(1[6-9]|2[0-4]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    Default: 10.0.0.0/16
    Description: CIDR block for VPC.
    Type: String
  VpcId:
    Description: The VPC-scoped resources will belong to this VPC.
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id
  PrivateSubnets:
    Description: The internal subnets.
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - VpcCidr
      - PrivateSubnets
    ParameterLabels:
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      VpcCidr:
        default: "VPC CIDR"
      PrivateSubnets:
        default: "Private Subnets"

Resources:
  MasterSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Cluster Master Security Group
      SecurityGroupIngress:
      - IpProtocol: icmp
        FromPort: 0
        ToPort: 0
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22
        ToPort: 22
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        ToPort: 6443
        FromPort: 6443
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22623
        ToPort: 22623
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId

  WorkerSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Cluster Worker Security Group
      SecurityGroupIngress:
      - IpProtocol: icmp
        FromPort: 0
        ToPort: 0
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22
        ToPort: 22
        CidrIp: !Ref VpcCidr
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId

  MasterIngressEtcd:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: etcd
      FromPort: 2379
      ToPort: 2380
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  MasterIngressWorkerIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  MasterIngressInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressWorkerInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10259
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressWorkerKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes kubelet, scheduler and controller manager
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10259
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressWorkerIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  MasterIngressIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIngressWorkerIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterVxlan:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Vxlan packets
      FromPort: 4789
      ToPort: 4789
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterGeneve:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Geneve packets
      FromPort: 6081
      ToPort: 6081
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  WorkerIngressMasterIpsecIke:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec IKE packets
      FromPort: 500
      ToPort: 500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterIpsecNat:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec NAT-T packets
      FromPort: 4500
      ToPort: 4500
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterIpsecEsp:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: IPsec ESP packets
      IpProtocol: 50

  WorkerIngressInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressMasterInternal:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterInternalUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal cluster communication
      FromPort: 9000
      ToPort: 9999
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes secure kubelet port
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10250
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressWorkerKube:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Internal Kubernetes communication
      FromPort: 10250
      ToPort: 10250
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressMasterIngressServices:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: tcp

  WorkerIngressIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  WorkerIngressMasterIngressServicesUDP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId
      Description: Kubernetes ingress services
      FromPort: 30000
      ToPort: 32767
      IpProtocol: udp

  MasterIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "ec2.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "master", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
            - "ec2:AttachVolume"
            - "ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress"
            - "ec2:CreateSecurityGroup"
            - "ec2:CreateTags"
            - "ec2:CreateVolume"
            - "ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup"
            - "ec2:DeleteVolume"
            - "ec2:Describe*"
            - "ec2:DetachVolume"
            - "ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute"
            - "ec2:ModifyVolume"
            - "ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:AddTags"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerPolicy"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteListener"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancerListeners"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:Describe*"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:DetachLoadBalancerFromSubnets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyListener"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesForBackendServer"
            - "elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener"
            - "kms:DescribeKey"
            Resource: "*"

  MasterInstanceProfile:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile"
    Properties:
      Roles:
      - Ref: "MasterIamRole"

  WorkerIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "ec2.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "worker", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action:
            - "ec2:DescribeInstances"
            - "ec2:DescribeRegions"
            Resource: "*"

  WorkerInstanceProfile:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile"
    Properties:
      Roles:
      - Ref: "WorkerIamRole"

Outputs:
  MasterSecurityGroupId:
    Description: Master Security Group ID
    Value: !GetAtt MasterSecurityGroup.GroupId

  WorkerSecurityGroupId:
    Description: Worker Security Group ID
    Value: !GetAtt WorkerSecurityGroup.GroupId

  MasterInstanceProfile:
    Description: Master IAM Instance Profile
    Value: !Ref MasterInstanceProfile

  WorkerInstanceProfile:
    Description: Worker IAM Instance Profile
    Value: !Ref WorkerInstanceProfile
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.13.12. Accessing RHCOS AMIs with stream metadata
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In OpenShift Container Platform, stream metadata provides standardized metadata about RHCOS in the JSON format and injects the metadata into the cluster. Stream metadata is a stable format that supports multiple architectures and is intended to be self-documenting for maintaining automation.

You can use the coreos print-stream-json sub-command of openshift-install to access information about the boot images in the stream metadata format. This command provides a method for printing stream metadata in a scriptable, machine-readable format.

For user-provisioned installations, the openshift-install binary contains references to the version of RHCOS boot images that are tested for use with OpenShift Container Platform, such as the AWS AMI.

Procedure

To parse the stream metadata, use one of the following methods:

  • From a Go program, use the official stream-metadata-go library at https://github.com/coreos/stream-metadata-go. You can also view example code in the library.
  • From another programming language, such as Python or Ruby, use the JSON library of your preferred programming language.

  • From a command-line utility that handles JSON data, such as jq:

    • Print the current x86_64 AMI for an AWS region, such as us-west-1: 

      $ openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq -r '.architectures.x86_64.images.aws.regions["us-west-1"].image'
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      ami-0d3e625f84626bbda
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      The output of this command is the AWS AMI ID for the us-west-1 region. The AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.

4.13.13. RHCOS AMIs for the AWS infrastructure
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Red Hat provides Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMIs that are valid for the various AWS regions that you can manually specify for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

Note

By importing your own AMI, you can also install to regions that do not have a published RHCOS AMI.

Expand
Table 4.46. RHCOS AMIs
AWS zoneAWS AMI

af-south-1

ami-0f3804f5a2f913dcc

ap-east-1

ami-0de1febb30a83da66

ap-northeast-1

ami-0183df96a3e002687

ap-northeast-2

ami-06b8798cd60242798

ap-northeast-3

ami-00b16b33aa0951016

ap-south-1

ami-007243f8ff78e8294

ap-southeast-1

ami-079dfdacb5ab5a0d1

ap-southeast-2

ami-03882e39cb7785c32

ca-central-1

ami-05cba1f80cc8b1dbe

eu-central-1

ami-073c775bbe9cd434e

eu-north-1

ami-0763e6e75b681acc5

eu-south-1

ami-00d023f19775fb64b

eu-west-1

ami-0033e3f2331a530c4

eu-west-2

ami-00d8a741ebe74f0c4

eu-west-3

ami-09b04e7f60e3374a7

me-south-1

ami-0f8039330b6e54010

sa-east-1

ami-01af22f821b470ad1

us-east-1

ami-0c72f473496a7b1c2

us-east-2

ami-09e637fc5885c13cc

us-west-1

ami-0fa0f6fce7e63dd26

us-west-2

ami-084fb1316cd1ed4cc

4.13.14. Creating the bootstrap node in AWS
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You must create the bootstrap node in Amazon Web Services (AWS) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources. The stack represents the bootstrap node that your OpenShift Container Platform installation requires.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your bootstrap node, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.

Procedure

  1. Provide a location to serve the bootstrap.ign Ignition config file to your cluster. This file is located in your installation directory. One way to do this is to create an S3 bucket in your cluster’s region and upload the Ignition config file to it.

    Important

    The provided CloudFormation Template assumes that the Ignition config files for your cluster are served from an S3 bucket. If you choose to serve the files from another location, you must modify the templates.

    Important

    If you are deploying to a region that has endpoints that differ from the AWS SDK, or you are providing your own custom endpoints, you must use a presigned URL for your S3 bucket instead of the s3:// schema.

    Note

    The bootstrap Ignition config file does contain secrets, like X.509 keys. The following steps provide basic security for the S3 bucket. To provide additional security, you can enable an S3 bucket policy to allow only certain users, such as the OpenShift IAM user, to access objects that the bucket contains. You can avoid S3 entirely and serve your bootstrap Ignition config file from any address that the bootstrap machine can reach.

    1. Create the bucket: 

      $ aws s3 mb s3://<cluster-name>-infra
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <cluster-name>-infra is the bucket name. When creating the install-config.yaml file, replace <cluster-name> with the name specified for the cluster.

    2. Upload the bootstrap.ign Ignition config file to the bucket: 

      $ aws s3 cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign s3://<cluster-name>-infra/bootstrap.ign
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

    3. Verify that the file uploaded: 

      $ aws s3 ls s3://<cluster-name>-infra/
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      2019-04-03 16:15:16     314878 bootstrap.ign
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RhcosAmi",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "ami-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AllowedBootstrapSshCidr",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "0.0.0.0/0"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PublicSubnet",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterSecurityGroupId",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "sg-<random_string>"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>"
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "BootstrapIgnitionLocation",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": "s3://<bucket_name>/bootstrap.ign"
    14 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AutoRegisterELB",
    15 
    
    "ParameterValue": "yes"
    16 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn",
    17 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:lambda:<region>:<account_number>:function:<dns_stack_name>-RegisterNlbIpTargets-<random_string>"
    18 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ExternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    19 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Exter-<random_string>"
    20 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    21 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    22 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalServiceTargetGroupArn",
    23 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    24 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI to use for the bootstrap node.
    4
    Specify a valid AWS::EC2::Image::Id value.
    5
    CIDR block to allow SSH access to the bootstrap node.
    6
    Specify a CIDR block in the format x.x.x.x/16-24.
    7
    The public subnet that is associated with your VPC to launch the bootstrap node into.
    8
    Specify the PublicSubnetIds value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    9
    The master security group ID (for registering temporary rules)
    10
    Specify the MasterSecurityGroupId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    11
    The VPC created resources will belong to.
    12
    Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
    13
    Location to fetch bootstrap Ignition config file from.
    14
    Specify the S3 bucket and file name in the form s3://<bucket_name>/bootstrap.ign.
    15
    Whether or not to register a network load balancer (NLB).
    16
    Specify yes or no. If you specify yes, you must provide a Lambda Amazon Resource Name (ARN) value.
    17
    The ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda group.
    18
    Specify the RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    19
    The ARN for external API load balancer target group.
    20
    Specify the ExternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    21
    The ARN for internal API load balancer target group.
    22
    Specify the InternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    23
    The ARN for internal service load balancer target group.
    24
    Specify the InternalServiceTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
  3. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

  4. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the bootstrap node:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3 
    
     --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM
    4
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-bootstrap. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
    4
    You must explicitly declare the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability because the provided template creates some AWS::IAM::Role and AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile resources.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-bootstrap/12944486-2add-11eb-9dee-12dace8e3a83
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the StackStatus displays CREATE_COMPLETE, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

    BootstrapInstanceId

    The bootstrap Instance ID.

    BootstrapPublicIp

    The bootstrap node public IP address.

    BootstrapPrivateIp

    The bootstrap node private IP address.

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.59. CloudFormation template for the bootstrap machine

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Bootstrap (EC2 Instance, Security Groups and IAM)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag cloud resources and identify items owned or used by the cluster.
    Type: String
  RhcosAmi:
    Description: Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI to use for bootstrap.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Image::Id
  AllowedBootstrapSshCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/([0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-2]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/0-32.
    Default: 0.0.0.0/0
    Description: CIDR block to allow SSH access to the bootstrap node.
    Type: String
  PublicSubnet:
    Description: The public subnet to launch the bootstrap node into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  MasterSecurityGroupId:
    Description: The master security group ID for registering temporary rules.
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id
  VpcId:
    Description: The VPC-scoped resources will belong to this VPC.
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id
  BootstrapIgnitionLocation:
    Default: s3://my-s3-bucket/bootstrap.ign
    Description: Ignition config file location.
    Type: String
  AutoRegisterELB:
    Default: "yes"
    AllowedValues:
    - "yes"
    - "no"
    Description: Do you want to invoke NLB registration, which requires a Lambda ARN parameter?
    Type: String
  RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn:
    Description: ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda.
    Type: String
  ExternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for external API load balancer target group.
    Type: String
  InternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal API load balancer target group.
    Type: String
  InternalServiceTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal service load balancer target group.
    Type: String

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Host Information"
      Parameters:
      - RhcosAmi
      - BootstrapIgnitionLocation
      - MasterSecurityGroupId
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - AllowedBootstrapSshCidr
      - PublicSubnet
    - Label:
        default: "Load Balancer Automation"
      Parameters:
      - AutoRegisterELB
      - RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      - ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
    ParameterLabels:
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      AllowedBootstrapSshCidr:
        default: "Allowed SSH Source"
      PublicSubnet:
        default: "Public Subnet"
      RhcosAmi:
        default: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI ID"
      BootstrapIgnitionLocation:
        default: "Bootstrap Ignition Source"
      MasterSecurityGroupId:
        default: "Master Security Group ID"
      AutoRegisterELB:
        default: "Use Provided ELB Automation"

Conditions:
  DoRegistration: !Equals ["yes", !Ref AutoRegisterELB]

Resources:
  BootstrapIamRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
            - "ec2.amazonaws.com"
          Action:
          - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
      - PolicyName: !Join ["-", [!Ref InfrastructureName, "bootstrap", "policy"]]
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "ec2:Describe*"
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "ec2:AttachVolume"
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "ec2:DetachVolume"
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Action: "s3:GetObject"
            Resource: "*"

  BootstrapInstanceProfile:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile"
    Properties:
      Path: "/"
      Roles:
      - Ref: "BootstrapIamRole"

  BootstrapSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Cluster Bootstrap Security Group
      SecurityGroupIngress:
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        FromPort: 22
        ToPort: 22
        CidrIp: !Ref AllowedBootstrapSshCidr
      - IpProtocol: tcp
        ToPort: 19531
        FromPort: 19531
        CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId

  BootstrapInstance:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref BootstrapInstanceProfile
      InstanceType: "i3.large"
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "true"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "BootstrapSecurityGroup"
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "PublicSubnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"${S3Loc}"}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          S3Loc: !Ref BootstrapIgnitionLocation
        }

  RegisterBootstrapApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp

  RegisterBootstrapInternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp

  RegisterBootstrapInternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp

Outputs:
  BootstrapInstanceId:
    Description: Bootstrap Instance ID.
    Value: !Ref BootstrapInstance

  BootstrapPublicIp:
    Description: The bootstrap node public IP address.
    Value: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PublicIp

  BootstrapPrivateIp:
    Description: The bootstrap node private IP address.
    Value: !GetAtt BootstrapInstance.PrivateIp
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You must create the control plane machines in Amazon Web Services (AWS) that your cluster will use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the control plane nodes.

Important

The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents three control plane nodes.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your control plane nodes, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.
  • You created the bootstrap machine.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RhcosAmi",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "ami-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AutoRegisterDNS",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "yes"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateHostedZoneId",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "<random_string>"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PrivateHostedZoneName",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster.example.com"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Master0Subnet",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Master1Subnet",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    14 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Master2Subnet",
    15 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    16 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterSecurityGroupId",
    17 
    
    "ParameterValue": "sg-<random_string>"
    18 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "IgnitionLocation",
    19 
    
    "ParameterValue": "https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/master"
    20 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "CertificateAuthorities",
    21 
    
    "ParameterValue": "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC...xYz=="
    22 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterInstanceProfileName",
    23 
    
    "ParameterValue": "<roles_stack>-MasterInstanceProfile-<random_string>"
    24 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "MasterInstanceType",
    25 
    
    "ParameterValue": "m5.xlarge"
    26 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AutoRegisterELB",
    27 
    
    "ParameterValue": "yes"
    28 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn",
    29 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:lambda:<region>:<account_number>:function:<dns_stack_name>-RegisterNlbIpTargets-<random_string>"
    30 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ExternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    31 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Exter-<random_string>"
    32 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalApiTargetGroupArn",
    33 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    34 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InternalServiceTargetGroupArn",
    35 
    
    "ParameterValue": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:<region>:<account_number>:targetgroup/<dns_stack_name>-Inter-<random_string>"
    36 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    CurrentRed Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI to use for the control plane machines.
    4
    Specify an AWS::EC2::Image::Id value.
    5
    Whether or not to perform DNS etcd registration.
    6
    Specify yes or no. If you specify yes, you must provide hosted zone information.
    7
    The Route 53 private zone ID to register the etcd targets with.
    8
    Specify the PrivateHostedZoneId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    9
    The Route 53 zone to register the targets with.
    10
    Specify <cluster_name>.<domain_name> where <domain_name> is the Route 53 base domain that you used when you generated install-config.yaml file for the cluster. Do not include the trailing period (.) that is displayed in the AWS console.
    11 13 15
    A subnet, preferably private, to launch the control plane machines on.
    12 14 16
    Specify a subnet from the PrivateSubnets value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    17
    The master security group ID to associate with control plane nodes.
    18
    Specify the MasterSecurityGroupId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    19
    The location to fetch control plane Ignition config file from.
    20
    Specify the generated Ignition config file location, https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/master.
    21
    The base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    22
    Specify the value from the master.ign file that is in the installation directory. This value is the long string with the format data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC…​xYz==.
    23
    The IAM profile to associate with control plane nodes.
    24
    Specify the MasterInstanceProfile parameter value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    25
    The type of AWS instance to use for the control plane machines.
    26
    Allowed values:
    • m4.xlarge
    • m4.2xlarge
    • m4.4xlarge
    • m4.10xlarge
    • m4.16xlarge
    • m5.xlarge
    • m5.2xlarge
    • m5.4xlarge
    • m5.8xlarge
    • m5.12xlarge
    • m5.16xlarge
    • m5a.xlarge
    • m5a.2xlarge
    • m5a.4xlarge
    • m5a.8xlarge
    • m5a.12xlarge
    • m5a.16xlarge
    • c4.2xlarge
    • c4.4xlarge
    • c4.8xlarge
    • c5.2xlarge
    • c5.4xlarge
    • c5.9xlarge
    • c5.12xlarge
    • c5.18xlarge
    • c5.24xlarge
    • c5a.2xlarge
    • c5a.4xlarge
    • c5a.8xlarge
    • c5a.12xlarge
    • c5a.16xlarge
    • c5a.24xlarge
    • r4.xlarge
    • r4.2xlarge
    • r4.4xlarge
    • r4.8xlarge
    • r4.16xlarge
    • r5.xlarge
    • r5.2xlarge
    • r5.4xlarge
    • r5.8xlarge
    • r5.12xlarge
    • r5.16xlarge
    • r5.24xlarge
    • r5a.xlarge
    • r5a.2xlarge
    • r5a.4xlarge
    • r5a.8xlarge
    • r5a.12xlarge
    • r5a.16xlarge
    • r5a.24xlarge
    27
    Whether or not to register a network load balancer (NLB).
    28
    Specify yes or no. If you specify yes, you must provide a Lambda Amazon Resource Name (ARN) value.
    29
    The ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda group.
    30
    Specify the RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambda value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    31
    The ARN for external API load balancer target group.
    32
    Specify the ExternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    33
    The ARN for internal API load balancer target group.
    34
    Specify the InternalApiTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
    35
    The ARN for internal service load balancer target group.
    36
    Specify the InternalServiceTargetGroupArn value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing. Use arn:aws-us-gov if deploying the cluster to an AWS GovCloud region.
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires.
  3. If you specified an m5 instance type as the value for MasterInstanceType, add that instance type to the MasterInstanceType.AllowedValues parameter in the CloudFormation template.

  4. Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the control plane nodes:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-control-plane. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-control-plane/21c7e2b0-2ee2-11eb-c6f6-0aa34627df4b
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents three control plane nodes.

  5. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.60. CloudFormation template for control plane machines

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Node Launch (EC2 master instances)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag nodes for the kubelet cloud provider.
    Type: String
  RhcosAmi:
    Description: Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI to use for bootstrap.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Image::Id
  AutoRegisterDNS:
    Default: "yes"
    AllowedValues:
    - "yes"
    - "no"
    Description: Do you want to invoke DNS etcd registration, which requires Hosted Zone information?
    Type: String
  PrivateHostedZoneId:
    Description: The Route53 private zone ID to register the etcd targets with, such as Z21IXYZABCZ2A4.
    Type: String
  PrivateHostedZoneName:
    Description: The Route53 zone to register the targets with, such as cluster.example.com. Omit the trailing period.
    Type: String
  Master0Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  Master1Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  Master2Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  MasterSecurityGroupId:
    Description: The master security group ID to associate with master nodes.
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id
  IgnitionLocation:
    Default: https://api-int.$CLUSTER_NAME.$DOMAIN:22623/config/master
    Description: Ignition config file location.
    Type: String
  CertificateAuthorities:
    Default: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC...xYz==
    Description: Base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    Type: String
  MasterInstanceProfileName:
    Description: IAM profile to associate with master nodes.
    Type: String
  MasterInstanceType:
    Default: m5.xlarge
    Type: String

  AutoRegisterELB:
    Default: "yes"
    AllowedValues:
    - "yes"
    - "no"
    Description: Do you want to invoke NLB registration, which requires a Lambda ARN parameter?
    Type: String
  RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn:
    Description: ARN for NLB IP target registration lambda. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String
  ExternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for external API load balancer target group. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String
  InternalApiTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal API load balancer target group. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String
  InternalServiceTargetGroupArn:
    Description: ARN for internal service load balancer target group. Supply the value from the cluster infrastructure or select "no" for AutoRegisterELB.
    Type: String

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Host Information"
      Parameters:
      - MasterInstanceType
      - RhcosAmi
      - IgnitionLocation
      - CertificateAuthorities
      - MasterSecurityGroupId
      - MasterInstanceProfileName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcId
      - AllowedBootstrapSshCidr
      - Master0Subnet
      - Master1Subnet
      - Master2Subnet
    - Label:
        default: "DNS"
      Parameters:
      - AutoRegisterDNS
      - PrivateHostedZoneName
      - PrivateHostedZoneId
    - Label:
        default: "Load Balancer Automation"
      Parameters:
      - AutoRegisterELB
      - RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      - ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      - InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
    ParameterLabels:
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      VpcId:
        default: "VPC ID"
      Master0Subnet:
        default: "Master-0 Subnet"
      Master1Subnet:
        default: "Master-1 Subnet"
      Master2Subnet:
        default: "Master-2 Subnet"
      MasterInstanceType:
        default: "Master Instance Type"
      MasterInstanceProfileName:
        default: "Master Instance Profile Name"
      RhcosAmi:
        default: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI ID"
      BootstrapIgnitionLocation:
        default: "Master Ignition Source"
      CertificateAuthorities:
        default: "Ignition CA String"
      MasterSecurityGroupId:
        default: "Master Security Group ID"
      AutoRegisterDNS:
        default: "Use Provided DNS Automation"
      AutoRegisterELB:
        default: "Use Provided ELB Automation"
      PrivateHostedZoneName:
        default: "Private Hosted Zone Name"
      PrivateHostedZoneId:
        default: "Private Hosted Zone ID"

Conditions:
  DoRegistration: !Equals ["yes", !Ref AutoRegisterELB]
  DoDns: !Equals ["yes", !Ref AutoRegisterDNS]

Resources:
  Master0:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref MasterInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref MasterInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Master0Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

  RegisterMaster0:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster0InternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster0InternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp

  Master1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref MasterInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref MasterInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Master1Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

  RegisterMaster1:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster1InternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster1InternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp

  Master2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref MasterInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref MasterInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "MasterSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Master2Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

  RegisterMaster2:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref ExternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster2InternalApiTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalApiTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp

  RegisterMaster2InternalServiceTarget:
    Condition: DoRegistration
    Type: Custom::NLBRegister
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !Ref RegisterNlbIpTargetsLambdaArn
      TargetArn: !Ref InternalServiceTargetGroupArn
      TargetIp: !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp

  EtcdSrvRecords:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["_etcd-server-ssl._tcp", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !Join [
        " ",
        ["0 10 2380", !Join [".", ["etcd-0", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]],
      ]
      - !Join [
        " ",
        ["0 10 2380", !Join [".", ["etcd-1", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]],
      ]
      - !Join [
        " ",
        ["0 10 2380", !Join [".", ["etcd-2", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]],
      ]
      TTL: 60
      Type: SRV

  Etcd0Record:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["etcd-0", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp
      TTL: 60
      Type: A

  Etcd1Record:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["etcd-1", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp
      TTL: 60
      Type: A

  Etcd2Record:
    Condition: DoDns
    Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
    Properties:
      HostedZoneId: !Ref PrivateHostedZoneId
      Name: !Join [".", ["etcd-2", !Ref PrivateHostedZoneName]]
      ResourceRecords:
      - !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp
      TTL: 60
      Type: A

Outputs:
  PrivateIPs:
    Description: The control-plane node private IP addresses.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!GetAtt Master0.PrivateIp, !GetAtt Master1.PrivateIp, !GetAtt Master2.PrivateIp]
      ]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.13.16. Creating the worker nodes in AWS
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You can create worker nodes in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your cluster to use.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent a worker node.

Important

The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents one worker node. You must create a stack for each worker node.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your worker nodes, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.
  • You created the bootstrap machine.
  • You created the control plane machines.

Procedure

  1. Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the CloudFormation template requires: 

    [
  {
    "ParameterKey": "InfrastructureName",
    1 
    
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster-<random_string>"
    2 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "RhcosAmi",
    3 
    
    "ParameterValue": "ami-<random_string>"
    4 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "Subnet",
    5 
    
    "ParameterValue": "subnet-<random_string>"
    6 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "WorkerSecurityGroupId",
    7 
    
    "ParameterValue": "sg-<random_string>"
    8 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "IgnitionLocation",
    9 
    
    "ParameterValue": "https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/worker"
    10 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "CertificateAuthorities",
    11 
    
    "ParameterValue": ""
    12 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "WorkerInstanceProfileName",
    13 
    
    "ParameterValue": ""
    14 
    
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "WorkerInstanceType",
    15 
    
    "ParameterValue": "m4.2xlarge"
    16 
    
  }
]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The name for your cluster infrastructure that is encoded in your Ignition config files for the cluster.
    2
    Specify the infrastructure name that you extracted from the Ignition config file metadata, which has the format <cluster-name>-<random-string>.
    3
    Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI to use for the worker nodes.
    4
    Specify an AWS::EC2::Image::Id value.
    5
    A subnet, preferably private, to start the worker nodes on.
    6
    Specify a subnet from the PrivateSubnets value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    7
    The worker security group ID to associate with worker nodes.
    8
    Specify the WorkerSecurityGroupId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    9
    The location to fetch the bootstrap Ignition config file from.
    10
    Specify the generated Ignition config location, https://api-int.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>:22623/config/worker.
    11
    Base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    12
    Specify the value from the worker.ign file that is in the installation directory. This value is the long string with the format data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC…​xYz==.
    13
    The IAM profile to associate with worker nodes.
    14
    Specify the WorkerInstanceProfile parameter value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the security group and roles.
    15
    The type of AWS instance to use for the control plane machines.
    16
    Allowed values:
    • m4.large
    • m4.xlarge
    • m4.2xlarge
    • m4.4xlarge
    • m4.10xlarge
    • m4.16xlarge
    • m5.large
    • m5.xlarge
    • m5.2xlarge
    • m5.4xlarge
    • m5.8xlarge
    • m5.12xlarge
    • m5.16xlarge
    • m5a.large
    • m5a.xlarge
    • m5a.2xlarge
    • m5a.4xlarge
    • m5a.8xlarge
    • m5a.12xlarge
    • m5a.16xlarge
    • c4.large
    • c4.xlarge
    • c4.2xlarge
    • c4.4xlarge
    • c4.8xlarge
    • c5.large
    • c5.xlarge
    • c5.2xlarge
    • c5.4xlarge
    • c5.9xlarge
    • c5.12xlarge
    • c5.18xlarge
    • c5.24xlarge
    • c5a.large
    • c5a.xlarge
    • c5a.2xlarge
    • c5a.4xlarge
    • c5a.8xlarge
    • c5a.12xlarge
    • c5a.16xlarge
    • c5a.24xlarge
    • r4.large
    • r4.xlarge
    • r4.2xlarge
    • r4.4xlarge
    • r4.8xlarge
    • r4.16xlarge
    • r5.large
    • r5.xlarge
    • r5.2xlarge
    • r5.4xlarge
    • r5.8xlarge
    • r5.12xlarge
    • r5.16xlarge
    • r5.24xlarge
    • r5a.large
    • r5a.xlarge
    • r5a.2xlarge
    • r5a.4xlarge
    • r5a.8xlarge
    • r5a.12xlarge
    • r5a.16xlarge
    • r5a.24xlarge
    • t3.large
    • t3.xlarge
    • t3.2xlarge
    • t3a.large
    • t3a.xlarge
    • t3a.2xlarge
  2. Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the networking objects and load balancers that your cluster requires.
  3. Optional: If you specified an m5 instance type as the value for WorkerInstanceType, add that instance type to the WorkerInstanceType.AllowedValues parameter in the CloudFormation template.
  4. Optional: If you are deploying with an AWS Marketplace image, update the Worker0.type.properties.ImageID parameter with the AMI ID that you obtained from your subscription.

  5. Use the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent a worker node:

    Important

    You must enter the command on a single line. 

    $ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name>
    1 
    
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml \
    2 
    
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    <name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-worker-1. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
    2
    <template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
    3
    <parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.

    Example output

    arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:269333783861:stack/cluster-worker-1/729ee301-1c2a-11eb-348f-sd9888c65b59
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The CloudFormation template creates a stack that represents one worker node.

  6. Confirm that the template components exist: 

    $ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Continue to create worker stacks until you have created enough worker machines for your cluster. You can create additional worker stacks by referencing the same template and parameter files and specifying a different stack name.

    Important

    You must create at least two worker machines, so you must create at least two stacks that use this CloudFormation template.

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example 4.61. CloudFormation template for worker machines

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for OpenShift Cluster Node Launch (EC2 worker instance)

Parameters:
  InfrastructureName:
    AllowedPattern: ^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,26})$
    MaxLength: 27
    MinLength: 1
    ConstraintDescription: Infrastructure name must be alphanumeric, start with a letter, and have a maximum of 27 characters.
    Description: A short, unique cluster ID used to tag nodes for the kubelet cloud provider.
    Type: String
  RhcosAmi:
    Description: Current Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI to use for bootstrap.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Image::Id
  Subnet:
    Description: The subnets, recommend private, to launch the master nodes into.
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id
  WorkerSecurityGroupId:
    Description: The master security group ID to associate with master nodes.
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup::Id
  IgnitionLocation:
    Default: https://api-int.$CLUSTER_NAME.$DOMAIN:22623/config/worker
    Description: Ignition config file location.
    Type: String
  CertificateAuthorities:
    Default: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ABC...xYz==
    Description: Base64 encoded certificate authority string to use.
    Type: String
  WorkerInstanceProfileName:
    Description: IAM profile to associate with master nodes.
    Type: String
  WorkerInstanceType:
    Default: m5.large
    Type: String

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Cluster Information"
      Parameters:
      - InfrastructureName
    - Label:
        default: "Host Information"
      Parameters:
      - WorkerInstanceType
      - RhcosAmi
      - IgnitionLocation
      - CertificateAuthorities
      - WorkerSecurityGroupId
      - WorkerInstanceProfileName
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - Subnet
    ParameterLabels:
      Subnet:
        default: "Subnet"
      InfrastructureName:
        default: "Infrastructure Name"
      WorkerInstanceType:
        default: "Worker Instance Type"
      WorkerInstanceProfileName:
        default: "Worker Instance Profile Name"
      RhcosAmi:
        default: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS AMI ID"
      IgnitionLocation:
        default: "Worker Ignition Source"
      CertificateAuthorities:
        default: "Ignition CA String"
      WorkerSecurityGroupId:
        default: "Worker Security Group ID"

Resources:
  Worker0:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref RhcosAmi
      BlockDeviceMappings:
      - DeviceName: /dev/xvda
        Ebs:
          VolumeSize: "120"
          VolumeType: "gp2"
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref WorkerInstanceProfileName
      InstanceType: !Ref WorkerInstanceType
      NetworkInterfaces:
      - AssociatePublicIpAddress: "false"
        DeviceIndex: "0"
        GroupSet:
        - !Ref "WorkerSecurityGroupId"
        SubnetId: !Ref "Subnet"
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub
        - '{"ignition":{"config":{"merge":[{"source":"${SOURCE}"}]},"security":{"tls":{"certificateAuthorities":[{"source":"${CA_BUNDLE}"}]}},"version":"3.1.0"}}'
        - {
          SOURCE: !Ref IgnitionLocation,
          CA_BUNDLE: !Ref CertificateAuthorities,
        }
      Tags:
      - Key: !Join ["", ["kubernetes.io/cluster/", !Ref InfrastructureName]]
        Value: "shared"

Outputs:
  PrivateIP:
    Description: The compute node private IP address.
    Value: !GetAtt Worker0.PrivateIp
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you create all of the required infrastructure in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can start the bootstrap sequence that initializes the OpenShift Container Platform control plane.

Prerequisites

  • You configured an AWS account.
  • You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running aws configure.
  • You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
  • You created and configured a VPC and associated subnets in AWS.
  • You created and configured DNS, load balancers, and listeners in AWS.
  • You created the security groups and roles required for your cluster in AWS.
  • You created the bootstrap machine.
  • You created the control plane machines.
  • You created the worker nodes.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and start the bootstrap process that initializes the OpenShift Container Platform control plane: 

    $ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \
    1 
    
    --log-level=info
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
    2
    To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

    Example output

    INFO Waiting up to 20m0s for the Kubernetes API at https://api.mycluster.example.com:6443...
INFO API v1.22.1 up
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for bootstrapping to complete...
INFO It is now safe to remove the bootstrap resources
INFO Time elapsed: 1s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your OpenShift Container Platform control plane has initialized.

    Note

    After the control plane initializes, it sets up the compute nodes and installs additional services in the form of Operators.

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials: 

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: 

    $ oc whoami
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    system:admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.

Prerequisites

  • You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines: 

    $ oc get nodes
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.22.1
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.22.1
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.22.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The output lists all of the machines that you created.

    Note

    The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.

  2. Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster: 

    $ oc get csr
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

  3. If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

    Note

    Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.

    Note

    For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node.

    • To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR: 

      $ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.

    • To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command: 

      $ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      Note

      Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.

  4. Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster: 

    $ oc get csr
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

    • To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR: 

      $ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.

    • To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command: 

      $ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command: 

    $ oc get nodes
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.22.1
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.22.1
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.22.1
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.22.1
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.22.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status.

Additional information

4.13.20. Initial Operator configuration
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After the control plane initializes, you must immediately configure some Operators so that they all become available.

Prerequisites

  • Your control plane has initialized.

Procedure

  1. Watch the cluster components come online: 

    $ watch -n5 oc get clusteroperators
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME                                       VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   DEGRADED   SINCE
authentication                             4.9.0     True        False         False      19m
baremetal                                  4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
cloud-credential                           4.9.0     True        False         False      40m
cluster-autoscaler                         4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
config-operator                            4.9.0     True        False         False      38m
console                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      26m
csi-snapshot-controller                    4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
dns                                        4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
etcd                                       4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
image-registry                             4.9.0     True        False         False      31m
ingress                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      30m
insights                                   4.9.0     True        False         False      31m
kube-apiserver                             4.9.0     True        False         False      26m
kube-controller-manager                    4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
kube-scheduler                             4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
kube-storage-version-migrator              4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
machine-api                                4.9.0     True        False         False      29m
machine-approver                           4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
machine-config                             4.9.0     True        False         False      36m
marketplace                                4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
monitoring                                 4.9.0     True        False         False      29m
network                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      38m
node-tuning                                4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
openshift-apiserver                        4.9.0     True        False         False      32m
openshift-controller-manager               4.9.0     True        False         False      30m
openshift-samples                          4.9.0     True        False         False      32m
operator-lifecycle-manager                 4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog         4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver   4.9.0     True        False         False      32m
service-ca                                 4.9.0     True        False         False      38m
storage                                    4.9.0     True        False         False      37m
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Configure the Operators that are not available.

Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.

Procedure

  • Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding disableAllDefaultSources: true to the OperatorHub object: 

    $ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \
    -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Tip

Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration → Cluster Settings → Configuration → OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, delete, disable, and enable individual sources.

4.13.20.2. Image registry storage configuration
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Amazon Web Services provides default storage, which means the Image Registry Operator is available after installation. However, if the Registry Operator cannot create an S3 bucket and automatically configure storage, you must manually configure registry storage.

Instructions are shown for configuring a persistent volume, which is required for production clusters. Where applicable, instructions are shown for configuring an empty directory as the storage location, which is available for only non-production clusters.

Additional instructions are provided for allowing the image registry to use block storage types by using the Recreate rollout strategy during upgrades.

During installation, your cloud credentials are sufficient to create an Amazon S3 bucket and the Registry Operator will automatically configure storage.

If the Registry Operator cannot create an S3 bucket and automatically configure storage, you can create an S3 bucket and configure storage with the following procedure.

Prerequisites

  • You have a cluster on AWS with user-provisioned infrastructure.

  • For Amazon S3 storage, the secret is expected to contain two keys:

    • REGISTRY_STORAGE_S3_ACCESSKEY
    • REGISTRY_STORAGE_S3_SECRETKEY

Procedure

Use the following procedure if the Registry Operator cannot create an S3 bucket and automatically configure storage.

  1. Set up a Bucket Lifecycle Policy to abort incomplete multipart uploads that are one day old.

  2. Fill in the storage configuration in configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster: 

    $ oc edit configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example configuration

    storage:
  s3:
    bucket: <bucket-name>
    region: <region-name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Warning

To secure your registry images in AWS, block public access to the S3 bucket.

You must configure storage for the Image Registry Operator. For non-production clusters, you can set the image registry to an empty directory. If you do so, all images are lost if you restart the registry.

Procedure

  • To set the image registry storage to an empty directory: 

    $ oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io cluster --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"storage":{"emptyDir":{}}}}'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Warning

    Configure this option for only non-production clusters.

    If you run this command before the Image Registry Operator initializes its components, the oc patch command fails with the following error: 

    Error from server (NotFound): configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io "cluster" not found
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Wait a few minutes and run the command again.

4.13.21. Deleting the bootstrap resources
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After you complete the initial Operator configuration for the cluster, remove the bootstrap resources from Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Prerequisites

  • You completed the initial Operator configuration for your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Delete the bootstrap resources. If you used the CloudFormation template, delete its stack:

    • Delete the stack by using the AWS CLI: 

      $ aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name <name>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      <name> is the name of your bootstrap stack.
    • Delete the stack by using the AWS CloudFormation console.

4.13.22. Creating the Ingress DNS Records
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If you removed the DNS Zone configuration, manually create DNS records that point to the Ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard record or specific records. While the following procedure uses A records, you can use other record types that you require, such as CNAME or alias.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Determine the routes to create.

    • To create a wildcard record, use *.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>, where <cluster_name> is your cluster name, and <domain_name> is the Route 53 base domain for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

    • To create specific records, you must create a record for each route that your cluster uses, as shown in the output of the following command: 

      $ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      oauth-openshift.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
downloads-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
grafana-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<domain_name>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Retrieve the Ingress Operator load balancer status and note the value of the external IP address that it uses, which is shown in the EXTERNAL-IP column: 

    $ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP                            PORT(S)                      AGE
router-default   LoadBalancer   172.30.62.215   ab3...28.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com   80:31499/TCP,443:30693/TCP   5m
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Locate the hosted zone ID for the load balancer: 

    $ aws elb describe-load-balancers | jq -r '.LoadBalancerDescriptions[] | select(.DNSName == "<external_ip>").CanonicalHostedZoneNameID'
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <external_ip>, specify the value of the external IP address of the Ingress Operator load balancer that you obtained.

    Example output

    Z3AADJGX6KTTL2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The output of this command is the load balancer hosted zone ID.

  4. Obtain the public hosted zone ID for your cluster’s domain: 

    $ aws route53 list-hosted-zones-by-name \
            --dns-name "<domain_name>" \
    1 
    
            --query 'HostedZones[? Config.PrivateZone != `true` && Name == `<domain_name>.`].Id'
    2 
    
            --output text
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1 2
    For <domain_name>, specify the Route 53 base domain for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

    Example output

    /hostedzone/Z3URY6TWQ91KVV
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The public hosted zone ID for your domain is shown in the command output. In this example, it is Z3URY6TWQ91KVV.

  5. Add the alias records to your private zone: 

    $ aws route53 change-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id "<private_hosted_zone_id>" --change-batch '{
    1 
    
>   "Changes": [
>     {
>       "Action": "CREATE",
>       "ResourceRecordSet": {
>         "Name": "\\052.apps.<cluster_domain>",
    2 
    
>         "Type": "A",
>         "AliasTarget":{
>           "HostedZoneId": "<hosted_zone_id>",
    3 
    
>           "DNSName": "<external_ip>.",
    4 
    
>           "EvaluateTargetHealth": false
>         }
>       }
>     }
>   ]
> }'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <private_hosted_zone_id>, specify the value from the output of the CloudFormation template for DNS and load balancing.
    2
    For <cluster_domain>, specify the domain or subdomain that you use with your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
    3
    For <hosted_zone_id>, specify the public hosted zone ID for the load balancer that you obtained.
    4
    For <external_ip>, specify the value of the external IP address of the Ingress Operator load balancer. Ensure that you include the trailing period (.) in this parameter value.

  6. Add the records to your public zone: 

    $ aws route53 change-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id "<public_hosted_zone_id>"" --change-batch '{
    1 
    
>   "Changes": [
>     {
>       "Action": "CREATE",
>       "ResourceRecordSet": {
>         "Name": "\\052.apps.<cluster_domain>",
    2 
    
>         "Type": "A",
>         "AliasTarget":{
>           "HostedZoneId": "<hosted_zone_id>",
    3 
    
>           "DNSName": "<external_ip>.",
    4 
    
>           "EvaluateTargetHealth": false
>         }
>       }
>     }
>   ]
> }'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <public_hosted_zone_id>, specify the public hosted zone for your domain.
    2
    For <cluster_domain>, specify the domain or subdomain that you use with your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
    3
    For <hosted_zone_id>, specify the public hosted zone ID for the load balancer that you obtained.
    4
    For <external_ip>, specify the value of the external IP address of the Ingress Operator load balancer. Ensure that you include the trailing period (.) in this parameter value.

After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Amazon Web Service (AWS) user-provisioned infrastructure, monitor the deployment to completion.

Prerequisites

  • You removed the bootstrap node for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned AWS infrastructure.
  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. From the directory that contains the installation program, complete the cluster installation: 

    $ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

    Example output

    INFO Waiting up to 40m0s for the cluster at https://api.mycluster.example.com:6443 to initialize...
INFO Waiting up to 10m0s for the openshift-console route to be created...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Fe5en-ymBEc-Wt6NL"
INFO Time elapsed: 1s
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Important
    • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
    • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
  2. Register your cluster on the Cluster registration page.

The kubeadmin user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the installation host.
  • You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the password for the kubeadmin user from the kubeadmin-password file on the installation host: 

    $ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the kubeadmin password from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

  2. List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route: 

    $ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log log file on the installation host.

    Example output

    console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the kubeadmin user.

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.9, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

4.13.27. Next steps
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4.14. Uninstalling a cluster on AWS
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You can remove a cluster that you deployed to Amazon Web Services (AWS).

You can remove a cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure from your cloud.

Note

After uninstallation, check your cloud provider for any resources not removed properly, especially with User Provisioned Infrastructure (UPI) clusters. There might be resources that the installer did not create or that the installer is unable to access.

Prerequisites

  • Have a copy of the installation program that you used to deploy the cluster.
  • Have the files that the installation program generated when you created your cluster.

Procedure

  1. From the directory that contains the installation program on the computer that you used to install the cluster, run the following command: 

    $ ./openshift-install destroy cluster \
--dir <installation_directory> --log-level info
    1
    2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
    2
    To view different details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
    Note

    You must specify the directory that contains the cluster definition files for your cluster. The installation program requires the metadata.json file in this directory to delete the cluster.

  2. Optional: Delete the <installation_directory> directory and the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.

To clean up resources after uninstalling an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) in manual mode with STS, you can use the CCO utility (ccoctl) to remove the AWS resources that ccoctl created during installation.

Prerequisites

  • Extract and prepare the ccoctl binary.
  • Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the CCO in manual mode with STS.

Procedure

  • Delete the AWS resources that ccoctl created: 

    $ ccoctl aws delete --name=<name> --region=<aws_region>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    where:

    • <name> matches the name used to originally create and tag the cloud resources.

    • <aws-region> is the AWS region in which cloud resources will be deleted.

      Example output:

      2021/04/08 17:50:41 Identity Provider object .well-known/openid-configuration deleted from the bucket <name>-oidc
2021/04/08 17:50:42 Identity Provider object keys.json deleted from the bucket <name>-oidc
2021/04/08 17:50:43 Identity Provider bucket <name>-oidc deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:05 Policy <name>-openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-o associated with IAM Role <name>-openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-o deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:05 IAM Role <name>-openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-o deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:07 Policy <name>-openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials associated with IAM Role <name>-openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:07 IAM Role <name>-openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:08 Policy <name>-openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials associated with IAM Role <name>-openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:08 IAM Role <name>-openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:09 Policy <name>-openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials associated with IAM Role <name>-openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:10 IAM Role <name>-openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:11 Policy <name>-openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials associated with IAM Role <name>-openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:11 IAM Role <name>-openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials deleted
2021/04/08 17:51:39 Identity Provider with ARN arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com deleted
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

You can verify that the resources are deleted by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation.

Chapter 5. Installing on Azure
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5.1. Preparing to install on Azure
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5.1.1. Prerequisites
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Before installing OpenShift Container Platform on Microsoft Azure, you must configure an Azure account. See Configuring an Azure account for details about account configuration, account limits, public DNS zone configuration, required roles, creating service principals, and supported Azure regions.

If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, see Manually creating IAM for Azure for other options.

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure. The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, where the installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provision. If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisions, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself.

See Installation process for more information about installer-provisioned and user-provisioned installation processes.

You can install a cluster on Azure infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program, by using one of the following methods:

  • Installing a cluster quickly on Azure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on Azure infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. You can install a cluster quickly by using the default configuration options.
  • Installing a customized cluster on Azure: You can install a customized cluster on Azure infrastructure that the installation program provisions. The installation program allows for some customization to be applied at the installation stage. Many other customization options are available post-installation.
  • Installing a cluster on Azure with network customizations: You can customize your OpenShift Container Platform network configuration during installation, so that your cluster can coexist with your existing IP address allocations and adhere to your network requirements.
  • Installing a cluster on Azure into an existing VNet: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) on Azure. You can use this installation method if you have constraints set by the guidelines of your company, such as limits when creating new accounts or infrastructure.
  • Installing a private cluster on Azure: You can install a private cluster into an existing Azure Virtual Network (VNet) on Azure. You can use this method to deploy OpenShift Container Platform on an internal network that is not visible to the internet.
  • Installing a cluster on Azure into a government region: OpenShift Container Platform can be deployed into Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions that are specifically designed for US government agencies at the federal, state, and local level, as well as contractors, educational institutions, and other US customers that must run sensitive workloads on Azure.

You can install a cluster on Azure infrastructure that you provision, by using the following method:

5.1.4. Next steps
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5.2. Configuring an Azure account
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Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Microsoft Azure account.

Important

All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

5.2.1. Azure account limits
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The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Microsoft Azure components, and the default Azure subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints affect your ability to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

Important

Default limits vary by offer category types, such as Free Trial and Pay-As-You-Go, and by series, such as Dv2, F, and G. For example, the default for Enterprise Agreement subscriptions is 350 cores.

Check the limits for your subscription type and if necessary, increase quota limits for your account before you install a default cluster on Azure.

The following table summarizes the Azure components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

Expand
ComponentNumber of components required by defaultDefault Azure limitDescription

vCPU

40

20 per region

A default cluster requires 40 vCPUs, so you must increase the account limit.

By default, each cluster creates the following instances:

  • One bootstrap machine, which is removed after installation
  • Three control plane machines
  • Three compute machines

Because the bootstrap machine uses Standard_D4s_v3 machines, which use 4 vCPUs, the control plane machines use Standard_D8s_v3 virtual machines, which use 8 vCPUs, and the worker machines use Standard_D4s_v3 virtual machines, which use 4 vCPUs, a default cluster requires 40 vCPUs. The bootstrap node VM, which uses 4 vCPUs, is used only during installation.

To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, you must further increase the vCPU limit for your account to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you require.

By default, the installation program distributes control plane and compute machines across all availability zones within a region. To ensure high availability for your cluster, select a region with at least three availability zones. If your region contains fewer than three availability zones, the installation program places more than one control plane machine in the available zones.

OS Disk

7

 

VM OS disk must be able to sustain a tested and recommended minimum throughput of 5000 IOPS / 200MBps for control plane machines. This throughput can be provided by having a minimum of 1 TiB Premium SSD (P30). In Azure, disk performance is directly dependent on SSD disk sizes, so to achieve the throughput supported by Standard_D8s_v3, or other similar machine types available, and the target of 5000 IOPS, at least a P30 disk is required.

Host caching must be set to ReadOnly for low read latency and high read IOPS and throughput. The reads performed from the cache, which is present either in the VM memory or in the local SSD disk, are much faster than the reads from the data disk, which is in the blob storage.

VNet

1

1000 per region

Each default cluster requires one Virtual Network (VNet), which contains two subnets.

Network interfaces

7

65,536 per region

Each default cluster requires seven network interfaces. If you create more machines or your deployed workloads create load balancers, your cluster uses more network interfaces.

Network security groups

2

5000

Each cluster creates network security groups for each subnet in the VNet. The default cluster creates network security groups for the control plane and for the compute node subnets:

controlplane

Allows the control plane machines to be reached on port 6443 from anywhere

node

Allows worker nodes to be reached from the internet on ports 80 and 443

Network load balancers

3

1000 per region

Each cluster creates the following load balancers:

default

Public IP address that load balances requests to ports 80 and 443 across worker machines

internal

Private IP address that load balances requests to ports 6443 and 22623 across control plane machines

external

Public IP address that load balances requests to port 6443 across control plane machines

If your applications create more Kubernetes LoadBalancer service objects, your cluster uses more load balancers.

Public IP addresses

3

 

Each of the two public load balancers uses a public IP address. The bootstrap machine also uses a public IP address so that you can SSH into the machine to troubleshoot issues during installation. The IP address for the bootstrap node is used only during installation.

Private IP addresses

7

 

The internal load balancer, each of the three control plane machines, and each of the three worker machines each use a private IP address.

Spot VM vCPUs (optional)

0

If you configure spot VMs, your cluster must have two spot VM vCPUs for every compute node.

20 per region

This is an optional component. To use spot VMs, you must increase the Azure default limit to at least twice the number of compute nodes in your cluster.

Note

Using spot VMs for control plane nodes is not recommended.

5.2.2. Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure
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To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Microsoft Azure account you use must have a dedicated public hosted DNS zone in your account. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. This service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through Azure or another source.

    Note

    For more information about purchasing domains through Azure, see Buy a custom domain name for Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

  2. If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to Azure. See Migrate an active DNS name to Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

  3. Configure DNS for your domain. Follow the steps in the Tutorial: Host your domain in Azure DNS in the Azure documentation to create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain, extract the new authoritative name servers, and update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses.

    Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.

  4. If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain.

5.2.3. Increasing Azure account limits
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To increase an account limit, file a support request on the Azure portal.

Note

You can increase only one type of quota per support request.

Procedure

  1. From the Azure portal, click Help + support in the lower left corner.

  2. Click New support request and then select the required values:

    1. From the Issue type list, select Service and subscription limits (quotas).
    2. From the Subscription list, select the subscription to modify.
    3. From the Quota type list, select the quota to increase. For example, select Compute-VM (cores-vCPUs) subscription limit increases to increase the number of vCPUs, which is required to install a cluster.
    4. Click Next: Solutions.

  3. On the Problem Details page, provide the required information for your quota increase:

    1. Click Provide details and provide the required details in the Quota details window.
    2. In the SUPPORT METHOD and CONTACT INFO sections, provide the issue severity and your contact details.
  4. Click Next: Review + create and then click Create.

5.2.4. Required Azure roles
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OpenShift Container Platform needs a service principal so it can manage Microsoft Azure resources. Before you can create a service principal, your Azure account subscription must have the following roles:

  • User Access Administrator
  • Contributor

To set roles on the Azure portal, see the Manage access to Azure resources using RBAC and the Azure portal in the Azure documentation.

5.2.5. Creating a service principal
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Because OpenShift Container Platform and its installation program create Microsoft Azure resources by using the Azure Resource Manager, you must create a service principal to represent it.

Prerequisites

  • Install or update the Azure CLI.
  • Your Azure account has the required roles for the subscription that you use.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Azure CLI: 

    $ az login
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. If your Azure account uses subscriptions, ensure that you are using the right subscription:

    1. View the list of available accounts and record the tenantId value for the subscription you want to use for your cluster: 

      $ az account list --refresh
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      [
  {
    "cloudName": "AzureCloud",
    "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
    "isDefault": true,
    "name": "Subscription Name",
    "state": "Enabled",
    "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
    "user": {
      "name": "you@example.com",
      "type": "user"
    }
  }
]
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    2. View your active account details and confirm that the tenantId value matches the subscription you want to use: 

      $ az account show
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      {
  "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
  "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
  "isDefault": true,
  "name": "Subscription Name",
  "state": "Enabled",
  "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
      1 
      
  "user": {
    "name": "you@example.com",
    "type": "user"
  }
}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      1
      Ensure that the value of the tenantId parameter is the correct subscription ID.

    3. If you are not using the right subscription, change the active subscription: 

      $ az account set -s <subscription_id>
      1
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      Specify the subscription ID.

    4. Verify the subscription ID update: 

      $ az account show
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      {
  "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
  "id": "33212d16-bdf6-45cb-b038-f6565b61edda",
  "isDefault": true,
  "name": "Subscription Name",
  "state": "Enabled",
  "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee",
  "user": {
    "name": "you@example.com",
    "type": "user"
  }
}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Record the tenantId and id parameter values from the output. You need these values during the OpenShift Container Platform installation.

  4. Create the service principal for your account: 

    $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role Contributor --name <service_principal> \
    1 
    
  --scopes /subscriptions/<subscription_id>
    2 
    
  --years <years>
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the service principal name.
    2
    Specify the subscription ID.
    3
    Specify the number of years. By default, a service principal expires in one year. By using the --years option you can extend the validity of your service principal.

    Example output

    Creating 'Contributor' role assignment under scope '/subscriptions/<subscription_id>'
The output includes credentials that you must protect. Be sure that you do not
include these credentials in your code or check the credentials into your source
control. For more information, see https://aka.ms/azadsp-cli
{
  "appId": "ac461d78-bf4b-4387-ad16-7e32e328aec6",
  "displayName": <service_principal>",
  "password": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
  "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee"
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Record the values of the appId and password parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

  6. Assign the User Access Administrator role by running the following command: 

    $ az role assignment create --role "User Access Administrator" \
  --assignee-object-id $(az ad sp show --id <appId> --query id -o tsv)
    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    Specify the appId parameter value for your service principal.

5.2.6. Supported Azure Marketplace regions
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Installing a cluster by using the Azure Marketplace image is available to customers who purchase the offer in North America and EMEA.

While the offer must be purchased in North America or EMEA, you can deploy the cluster to any of the Azure public partitions that OpenShift Container Platform supports.

Note

Deploying a cluster by using the Azure Marketplace image is not supported for the Azure Government regions.

5.2.7. Supported Azure regions
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The installation program dynamically generates the list of available Microsoft Azure regions based on your subscription.

Supported Azure public regions
  • australiacentral (Australia Central)
  • australiaeast (Australia East)
  • australiasoutheast (Australia South East)
  • brazilsouth (Brazil South)
  • canadacentral (Canada Central)
  • canadaeast (Canada East)
  • centralindia (Central India)
  • centralus (Central US)
  • eastasia (East Asia)
  • eastus (East US)
  • eastus2 (East US 2)
  • francecentral (France Central)
  • germanywestcentral (Germany West Central)
  • japaneast (Japan East)
  • japanwest (Japan West)
  • koreacentral (Korea Central)
  • koreasouth (Korea South)
  • northcentralus (North Central US)
  • northeurope (North Europe)
  • norwayeast (Norway East)
  • qatarcentral (Qatar Central)
  • southafricanorth (South Africa North)
  • southcentralus (South Central US)
  • southeastasia (Southeast Asia)
  • southindia (South India)
  • switzerlandnorth (Switzerland North)
  • uaenorth (UAE North)
  • uksouth (UK South)
  • ukwest (UK West)
  • westcentralus (West Central US)
  • westeurope (West Europe)
  • westindia (West India)
  • westus (West US)
  • westus2 (West US 2)
Supported Azure Government regions

Support for the following Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions was added in OpenShift Container Platform version 4.6:

  • usgovtexas (US Gov Texas)
  • usgovvirginia (US Gov Virginia)

You can reference all available MAG regions in the Azure documentation. Other provided MAG regions are expected to work with OpenShift Container Platform, but have not been tested.

5.2.8. Next steps
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5.3. Manually creating IAM for Azure
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In environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace, you can put the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) into manual mode before you install the cluster.

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) manages cloud provider credentials as Kubernetes custom resource definitions (CRDs). You can configure the CCO to suit the security requirements of your organization by setting different values for the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml file.

If you prefer not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system project, you can set the credentialsMode parameter for the CCO to Manual when installing OpenShift Container Platform and manage your cloud credentials manually.

Using manual mode allows each cluster component to have only the permissions it requires, without storing an administrator-level credential in the cluster. You can also use this mode if your environment does not have connectivity to the cloud provider public IAM endpoint. However, you must manually reconcile permissions with new release images for every upgrade. You must also manually supply credentials for every component that requests them.

5.3.2. Manually create IAM
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The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the install-config.yaml file by running the following command: 

    $ openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
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    where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.

  2. Edit the install-config.yaml configuration file so that it contains the credentialsMode parameter set to Manual.

    Example install-config.yaml configuration file

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: cluster1.example.com
credentialsMode: Manual
    1 
    
compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
...
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    1
    This line is added to set the credentialsMode parameter to Manual.

  3. To generate the manifests, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program: 

    $ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
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