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Chapter 3. Configuration

Hibernate is designed to operate in many different environments and, as such, there is a broad range of configuration parameters. Fortunately, most have sensible default values and Hibernate is distributed with an example hibernate.properties file in etc/ that displays the various options. Simply put the example file in your classpath and customize it to suit your needs.

3.1. Programmatic configuration
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An instance of org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration represents an entire set of mappings of an application's Java types to an SQL database. The org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration is used to build an immutable org.hibernate.SessionFactory. The mappings are compiled from various XML mapping files.
You can obtain a org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration instance by instantiating it directly and specifying XML mapping documents. If the mapping files are in the classpath, use addResource(). For example: 
Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
    .addResource("Item.hbm.xml")
    .addResource("Bid.hbm.xml");
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An alternative way is to specify the mapped class and allow Hibernate to find the mapping document for you: 
Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
    .addClass(org.hibernate.auction.Item.class)
    .addClass(org.hibernate.auction.Bid.class);
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Hibernate will then search for mapping files named /org/hibernate/auction/Item.hbm.xml and /org/hibernate/auction/Bid.hbm.xml in the classpath. This approach eliminates any hardcoded filenames.
A org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration also allows you to specify configuration properties. For example: 
Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
    .addClass(org.hibernate.auction.Item.class)
    .addClass(org.hibernate.auction.Bid.class)
    .setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect")
    .setProperty("hibernate.connection.datasource", "java:comp/env/jdbc/test")
    .setProperty("hibernate.order_updates", "true");
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This is not the only way to pass configuration properties to Hibernate. Some alternative options include:
  1. Pass an instance of java.util.Properties to Configuration.setProperties().
  2. Place a file named hibernate.properties in a root directory of the classpath.
  3. Set System properties using java -Dproperty=value.
  4. Include <property> elements in hibernate.cfg.xml (this is discussed later).
If you want to get started quicklyhibernate.properties is the easiest approach.
The org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration is intended as a startup-time object that will be discarded once a SessionFactory is created.
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