3.10.8. Example: Monitor CPU usage

If you want to monitor an instance’s performance, you would start by examining the gnocchi database to identify which metrics you can monitor, such as memory or CPU usage. For example, run gnocchi resource show against an instance to identify which metrics can be monitored:

Query the available metrics for a particular instance UUID:

gnocchi resource show --type instance d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66

$ gnocchi resource show --type instance d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field                 | Value                                                               |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| created_by_project_id | 44adccdc32614688ae765ed4e484f389                                    |
| created_by_user_id    | c24fa60e46d14f8d847fca90531b43db                                    |
| creator               | c24fa60e46d14f8d847fca90531b43db:44adccdc32614688ae765ed4e484f389   |
| display_name          | test-instance                                                       |
| ended_at              | None                                                                |
| flavor_id             | 14c7c918-df24-481c-b498-0d3ec57d2e51                                |
| flavor_name           | m1.tiny                                                             |
| host                  | overcloud-compute-0                                                 |
| id                    | d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66                                |
| image_ref             | e75dff7b-3408-45c2-9a02-61fbfbf054d7                                |
| metrics               | compute.instance.booting.time: c739a70d-2d1e-45c1-8c1b-4d28ff2403ac |
|                       | cpu.delta: 700ceb7c-4cff-4d92-be2f-6526321548d6                     |
|                       | cpu: 716d6128-1ea6-430d-aa9c-ceaff2a6bf32                           |
|                       | cpu_l3_cache: 3410955e-c724-48a5-ab77-c3050b8cbe6e                  |
|                       | cpu_util: b148c392-37d6-4c8f-8609-e15fc15a4728                      |
|                       | disk.allocation: 9dd464a3-acf8-40fe-bd7e-3cb5fb12d7cc               |
|                       | disk.capacity: c183d0da-e5eb-4223-a42e-855675dd1ec6                 |
|                       | disk.ephemeral.size: 15d1d828-fbb4-4448-b0f2-2392dcfed5b6           |
|                       | disk.iops: b8009e70-daee-403f-94ed-73853359a087                     |
|                       | disk.latency: 1c648176-18a6-4198-ac7f-33ee628b82a9                  |
|                       | disk.read.bytes.rate: eb35828f-312f-41ce-b0bc-cb6505e14ab7          |
|                       | disk.read.bytes: de463be7-769b-433d-9f22-f3265e146ec8               |
|                       | disk.read.requests.rate: 588ca440-bd73-4fa9-a00c-8af67262f4fd       |
|                       | disk.read.requests: 53e5d599-6cad-47de-b814-5cb23e8aaf24            |
|                       | disk.root.size: cee9d8b1-181e-4974-9427-aa7adb3b96d9                |
|                       | disk.usage: 4d724c99-7947-4c6d-9816-abbbc166f6f3                    |
|                       | disk.write.bytes.rate: 45b8da6e-0c89-4a6c-9cce-c95d49d9cc8b         |
|                       | disk.write.bytes: c7734f1b-b43a-48ee-8fe4-8a31b641b565              |
|                       | disk.write.requests.rate: 96ba2f22-8dd6-4b89-b313-1e0882c4d0d6      |
|                       | disk.write.requests: 553b7254-be2d-481b-9d31-b04c93dbb168           |
|                       | memory.bandwidth.local: 187f29d4-7c70-4ae2-86d1-191d11490aad        |
|                       | memory.bandwidth.total: eb09a4fc-c202-4bc3-8c94-aa2076df7e39        |
|                       | memory.resident: 97cfb849-2316-45a6-9545-21b1d48b0052               |
|                       | memory.swap.in: f0378d8f-6927-4b76-8d34-a5931799a301                |
|                       | memory.swap.out: c5fba193-1a1b-44c8-82e3-9fdc9ef21f69               |
|                       | memory.usage: 7958d06d-7894-4ca1-8c7e-72ba572c1260                  |
|                       | memory: a35c7eab-f714-4582-aa6f-48c92d4b79cd                        |
|                       | perf.cache.misses: da69636d-d210-4b7b-bea5-18d4959e95c1             |
|                       | perf.cache.references: e1955a37-d7e4-4b12-8a2a-51de4ec59efd         |
|                       | perf.cpu.cycles: 5d325d44-b297-407a-b7db-cc9105549193               |
|                       | perf.instructions: 973d6c6b-bbeb-4a13-96c2-390a63596bfc             |
|                       | vcpus: 646b53d0-0168-4851-b297-05d96cc03ab2                         |
| original_resource_id  | d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66                                |
| project_id            | 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b                                    |
| revision_end          | None                                                                |
| revision_start        | 2017-11-16T04:00:27.081865+00:00                                    |
| server_group          | None                                                                |
| started_at            | 2017-11-16T01:09:20.668344+00:00                                    |
| type                  | instance                                                            |
| user_id               | 1dbf5787b2ee46cf9fa6a1dfea9c9996                                    |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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In this result, the metrics value lists the components you can monitor using Aodh alarms, for example cpu_util.

To monitor CPU usage, you will need the cpu_util metric. To see more information on this metric:

gnocchi metric show --resource d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66 cpu_util

$ gnocchi metric show --resource d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66 cpu_util
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field                              | Value                                                             |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| archive_policy/aggregation_methods | std, count, min, max, sum, mean                                   |
| archive_policy/back_window         | 0                                                                 |
| archive_policy/definition          | - points: 8640, granularity: 0:05:00, timespan: 30 days, 0:00:00  |
| archive_policy/name                | low                                                               |
| created_by_project_id              | 44adccdc32614688ae765ed4e484f389                                  |
| created_by_user_id                 | c24fa60e46d14f8d847fca90531b43db                                  |
| creator                            | c24fa60e46d14f8d847fca90531b43db:44adccdc32614688ae765ed4e484f389 |
| id                                 | b148c392-37d6-4c8f-8609-e15fc15a4728                              |
| name                               | cpu_util                                                          |
| resource/created_by_project_id     | 44adccdc32614688ae765ed4e484f389                                  |
| resource/created_by_user_id        | c24fa60e46d14f8d847fca90531b43db                                  |
| resource/creator                   | c24fa60e46d14f8d847fca90531b43db:44adccdc32614688ae765ed4e484f389 |
| resource/ended_at                  | None                                                              |
| resource/id                        | d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66                              |
| resource/original_resource_id      | d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66                              |
| resource/project_id                | 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b                                  |
| resource/revision_end              | None                                                              |
| resource/revision_start            | 2017-11-17T00:05:27.516421+00:00                                  |
| resource/started_at                | 2017-11-16T01:09:20.668344+00:00                                  |
| resource/type                      | instance                                                          |
| resource/user_id                   | 1dbf5787b2ee46cf9fa6a1dfea9c9996                                  |
| unit                               | None                                                              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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archive_policy - Defines the aggregation interval for calculating the std, count, min, max, sum, mean values.

Use Aodh to create a monitoring task that queries cpu_util. This task will trigger events based on the settings you specify. For example, to raise a log entry when an instance’s CPU spikes over 80% for an extended duration:

aodh alarm create \
  --project-id 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b \
  --name high-cpu \
  --type gnocchi_resources_threshold \
  --description 'High CPU usage' \
  --metric cpu_util \
  --threshold 80.0 \
  --comparison-operator ge \
  --aggregation-method mean \
  --granularity 300 \
  --evaluation-periods 1 \
  --alarm-action 'log://' \
  --ok-action 'log://' \
  --resource-type instance \
  --resource-id d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field                     | Value                                |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| aggregation_method        | mean                                 |
| alarm_actions             | [u'log://']                          |
| alarm_id                  | 1625015c-49b8-4e3f-9427-3c312a8615dd |
| comparison_operator       | ge                                   |
| description               | High CPU usage                       |
| enabled                   | True                                 |
| evaluation_periods        | 1                                    |
| granularity               | 300                                  |
| insufficient_data_actions | []                                   |
| metric                    | cpu_util                             |
| name                      | high-cpu                             |
| ok_actions                | [u'log://']                          |
| project_id                | 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b     |
| repeat_actions            | False                                |
| resource_id               | d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66 |
| resource_type             | instance                             |
| severity                  | low                                  |
| state                     | insufficient data                    |
| state_reason              | Not evaluated yet                    |
| state_timestamp           | 2017-11-16T05:20:48.891365           |
| threshold                 | 80.0                                 |
| time_constraints          | []                                   |
| timestamp                 | 2017-11-16T05:20:48.891365           |
| type                      | gnocchi_resources_threshold          |
| user_id                   | 1dbf5787b2ee46cf9fa6a1dfea9c9996     |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+

aodh alarm create \
  --project-id 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b \
  --name high-cpu \
  --type gnocchi_resources_threshold \
  --description 'High CPU usage' \
  --metric cpu_util \
  --threshold 80.0 \
  --comparison-operator ge \
  --aggregation-method mean \
  --granularity 300 \
  --evaluation-periods 1 \
  --alarm-action 'log://' \
  --ok-action 'log://' \
  --resource-type instance \
  --resource-id d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field                     | Value                                |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| aggregation_method        | mean                                 |
| alarm_actions             | [u'log://']                          |
| alarm_id                  | 1625015c-49b8-4e3f-9427-3c312a8615dd |
| comparison_operator       | ge                                   |
| description               | High CPU usage                       |
| enabled                   | True                                 |
| evaluation_periods        | 1                                    |
| granularity               | 300                                  |
| insufficient_data_actions | []                                   |
| metric                    | cpu_util                             |
| name                      | high-cpu                             |
| ok_actions                | [u'log://']                          |
| project_id                | 3cee262b907b4040b26b678d7180566b     |
| repeat_actions            | False                                |
| resource_id               | d71cdf9a-51dc-4bba-8170-9cd95edd3f66 |
| resource_type             | instance                             |
| severity                  | low                                  |
| state                     | insufficient data                    |
| state_reason              | Not evaluated yet                    |
| state_timestamp           | 2017-11-16T05:20:48.891365           |
| threshold                 | 80.0                                 |
| time_constraints          | []                                   |
| timestamp                 | 2017-11-16T05:20:48.891365           |
| type                      | gnocchi_resources_threshold          |
| user_id                   | 1dbf5787b2ee46cf9fa6a1dfea9c9996     |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+

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comparison-operator - The ge operator defines that the alarm will trigger if the CPU usage is greater than (or equal to) 80%.
granularity - Metrics have an archive policy associated with them; the policy can have various granularities (for example, 5 minutes aggregation for 1 hour + 1 hour aggregation over a month). The granularity value must match the duration described in the archive policy.
evaluation-periods - Number of granularity periods that need to pass before the alarm will trigger. For example, setting this value to 2 will mean that the CPU usage will need to be over 80% for two polling periods before the alarm will trigger.
[u'log://'] - This value will log events to your Aodh log file.
注記
You can define different actions to run when an alarm is triggered (alarm_actions), and when it returns to a normal state (ok_actions), such as a webhook URL.

To check if your alarm has been triggered, query the alarm’s history:

aodh alarm-history show 1625015c-49b8-4e3f-9427-3c312a8615dd --fit-width
+----------------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| timestamp                  | type             | detail                                                                                                                                            | event_id                             |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 2017-11-16T05:21:47.850094 | state transition | {"transition_reason": "Transition to ok due to 1 samples inside threshold, most recent: 0.0366665763", "state": "ok"}                             | 3b51f09d-ded1-4807-b6bb-65fdc87669e4 |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

aodh alarm-history show 1625015c-49b8-4e3f-9427-3c312a8615dd --fit-width
+----------------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| timestamp                  | type             | detail                                                                                                                                            | event_id                             |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 2017-11-16T05:21:47.850094 | state transition | {"transition_reason": "Transition to ok due to 1 samples inside threshold, most recent: 0.0366665763", "state": "ok"}                             | 3b51f09d-ded1-4807-b6bb-65fdc87669e4 |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

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3.10.8. Example: Monitor CPU usage

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