第 11 章 使用集群计数器

绑定后，当上述所有更新方法达到较低或上限时，所有更新方法都会抛出 CounterOutOfBoundsException。例外有以下方法检查到达哪个侧绑定：

public boolean isUpperBoundReached();
public boolean isLowerBoundReached();

在以下用例中，强计数器更适合：

StrongCounter counter = counterManager.getStrongCounter("unbounded_counter");

// incrementing the counter
System.out.println("new value is " + counter.incrementAndGet().get());

// decrement the counter's value by 100 using the functional API
counter.addAndGet(-100).thenApply(v -> {
   System.out.println("new value is " + v);
   return null;
}).get();

// alternative, you can do some work while the counter is updated
CompletableFuture<Long> f = counter.addAndGet(10);
// ... do some work ...
System.out.println("new value is " + f.get());

// and then, check the current value
System.out.println("current value is " + counter.getValue().get());

// finally, reset to initial value
counter.reset().get();
System.out.println("current value is " + counter.getValue().get());

// or set to a new value if zero
System.out.println("compare and set succeeded? " + counter.compareAndSet(0, 1));

以下是使用绑定计数器的另一个示例：

StrongCounter counter = counterManager.getStrongCounter("bounded_counter");

// incrementing the counter
try {
    System.out.println("new value is " + counter.addAndGet(100).get());
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
    Throwable cause = e.getCause();
    if (cause instanceof CounterOutOfBoundsException) {
       if (((CounterOutOfBoundsException) cause).isUpperBoundReached()) {
          System.out.println("ops, upper bound reached.");
       } else if (((CounterOutOfBoundsException) cause).isLowerBoundReached()) {
          System.out.println("ops, lower bound reached.");
       }
    }
}

// now using the functional API
counter.addAndGet(-100).handle((v, throwable) -> {
   if (throwable != null) {
      Throwable cause = throwable.getCause();
      if (cause instanceof CounterOutOfBoundsException) {
         if (((CounterOutOfBoundsException) cause).isUpperBoundReached()) {
            System.out.println("ops, upper bound reached.");
         } else if (((CounterOutOfBoundsException) cause).isLowerBoundReached()) {
            System.out.println("ops, lower bound reached.");
         }
      }
      return null;
   }
   System.out.println("new value is " + v);
   return null;
}).get();

compare-and-set 与 Compare-and-swap 示例：

StrongCounter counter = counterManager.getStrongCounter("my-counter");
long oldValue, newValue;
do {
   oldValue = counter.getValue().get();
   newValue = someLogic(oldValue);
} while (!counter.compareAndSet(oldValue, newValue).get());

使用 compare-and-swap，它会保存一个调用计数器调用(counter.getValue （)）

StrongCounter counter = counterManager.getStrongCounter("my-counter");
long oldValue = counter.getValue().get();
long currentValue, newValue;
do {
   currentValue = oldValue;
   newValue = someLogic(oldValue);
} while ((oldValue = counter.compareAndSwap(oldValue, newValue).get()) != currentValue);

要将强计数器用作速率限制器，请配置 上限 和 lifespan 参数，如下所示：

// 5 request per minute
CounterConfiguration configuration = CounterConfiguration.builder(CounterType.BOUNDED_STRONG)
      .upperBound(5)
      .lifespan(60000)
      .build();
counterManager.defineCounter("rate_limiter", configuration);
StrongCounter counter = counterManager.getStrongCounter("rate_limiter");

// on each operation, invoke
try {
   counter.incrementAndGet().get();
   // continue with operation
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
   Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
   if (e.getCause() instanceof CounterOutOfBoundsException) {
      // maximum rate. discard operation
      return;
   } else {
      // unexpected error, handling property
   }
}

WeakCounter 添加以下方法：

default CompletableFuture<Void> increment() {
   return add(1L);
}

default CompletableFuture<Void> decrement() {
   return add(-1L);
}

CompletableFuture<Void> add(long delta);

它们与 'StrongCounter's 类似，但它们不会返回新值。

当不需要更新操作，或者不需要计数器的值时，弱计数器最适合的情况。收集统计信息是此类用例的良好示例。

以下是弱计数器用法的示例。

WeakCounter counter = counterManager.getWeakCounter("my_counter");

// increment the counter and check its result
counter.increment().get();
System.out.println("current value is " + counter.getValue());

CompletableFuture<Void> f = counter.add(-100);
//do some work
f.get(); //wait until finished
System.out.println("current value is " + counter.getValue().get());

//using the functional API
counter.reset().whenComplete((aVoid, throwable) -> System.out.println("Reset done " + (throwable == null ? "successfully" : "unsuccessfully"))).get();
System.out.println("current value is " + counter.getValue().get());