2.7. 使用 GnuTLS 为 TLS 服务器证书创建私钥和 CSR

流程

1. 在服务器系统中生成私钥，例如：

   $ certtool --generate-privkey --sec-param High --outfile <example-server.key>

2. 可选：使用您选择的文本编辑器准备一个简化创建 CSR 的配置文件，例如：

   $ vim <example_server.cnf>
   signing_key
   encryption_key
   key_agreement
   
   tls_www_server
   
   country = "US"
   organization = "Example Organization"
   cn = "server.example.com"
   
   dns_name = "example.com"
   dns_name = "server.example.com"
   ip_address = "192.168.0.1"
   ip_address = "::1"
   ip_address = "127.0.0.1"

3. 使用之前创建的私钥创建 CSR：

   $ certtool --generate-request --template <example-server.cfg> --load-privkey <example-server.key> --outfile <example-server.crq>

   如果省略 --template 选项，certool 工具会提示您输入额外的信息，例如：

   You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
   into your certificate request.
   What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
   There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
   For some fields there will be a default value,
   If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
   -----
   Generating a PKCS #10 certificate request...
   Country name (2 chars): <US>
   State or province name: <Washington>
   Locality name: <Seattle>
   Organization name: <Example Organization>
   Organizational unit name:
   Common name: <server.example.com>

验证

1. 从 CA 获取请求的证书后，检查证书的人类可读部分是否与您的要求匹配，例如：

   $ certtool --certificate-info --infile <example-server.crt>
   Certificate:
   …
           Issuer: CN = Example CA
           Validity
               Not Before: Feb  2 20:27:29 2023 GMT
               Not After : Feb  2 20:27:29 2024 GMT
           Subject: C = US, O = Example Organization, CN = server.example.com
           Subject Public Key Info:
               Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                   Public-Key: (256 bit)
   …
           X509v3 extensions:
               X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                   Digital Signature, Key Encipherment, Key Agreement
               X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
                   TLS Web Server Authentication
               X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
                   DNS:example.com, DNS:server.example.com, IP Address:192.168.0.1, IP
   …