Red Hat Satellite

Question 1

问：

我无法使用 RHN Satellite 用户界面。应该检查哪个日志文件？

Answer

答：

如果您无法在 RHN Satellite 用户界面中查看、调度或者使用 kickstart，请查看 /var/log/tomcat5/catalina.out 日志文件。

有关其它所有用户界面错误，请查看 /var/log/httpd/error_log 日志文件。

Question 2

问：

我得到 Error downloading kickstart file 出错信息。出了什么问题，如何修复？

Answer

答：

这个出错信息一般是因为网络问题。要确定哪里出了问题，请运行 cobbler check 命令，并查看输出结果，您应该看到类似如下信息：

cobbler check
The following potential problems were detected:
#0: reposync is not installed, need for cobbler reposync, install/upgrade yum-utils?
#1: yumdownloader is not installed, needed for cobbler repo add with --rpm-list parameter, install/upgrade yum-utils?
#2: The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed
#3: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman to use them

# cobbler check
The following potential problems were detected:
#0: reposync is not installed, need for cobbler reposync, install/upgrade yum-utils?
#1: yumdownloader is not installed, needed for cobbler repo add with --rpm-list parameter, install/upgrade yum-utils?
#2: The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed
#3: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman to use them

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如果 cobbler check 没有提供任何回答，请检查：

确定 httpd 正在运行：service httpd status
确定 cobblerd 正在运行：service cobblerd status

确定您可在不同主机中使用 wget 提取上述文件：

wget http://satellite.example.com/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel5-i386-u3:1:Example-Org

wget http://satellite.example.com/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel5-i386-u3:1:Example-Org

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Question 3

问：

我得到软件包安装出错信息：The file chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm cannot be opened。是什么问题，该如何修复？

Answer

答：

客户端将根据 kickstart 中的 --url 参数从 RHN Satellite 中提取内容。例如：

url --url http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3

url --url http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3

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如果您看到出错信息指出 Anaconda 无法找到映像或者软件包，检查该 kickstart 中的 URL 会生成 200 OK 响应。您可以尝试使用 wget 在那个 URL 定位该文件：

wget http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3
--2011-08-19 15:06:55--  http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3
Resolving satellite.example.com... 10.10.77.131
Connecting to satellite.example.com|10.10.77.131|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 0 [text/plain]
Saving to: `ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3.1'
2011-08-19 15:06:55 (0.00 B/s) - `ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3.1' saved [0/0]

wget http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3
--2011-08-19 15:06:55--  http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3
Resolving satellite.example.com... 10.10.77.131
Connecting to satellite.example.com|10.10.77.131|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 0 [text/plain]
Saving to: `ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3.1'
2011-08-19 15:06:55 (0.00 B/s) - `ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3.1' saved [0/0]

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如果您得到 200 OK 之外的响应，请检查出错日志发现问题所在。您还可以通过搜索 access_log 文件检查 Anaconda 具体尝试下载的文件：

grep chkconfig /var/log/httpd/access_log
10.10.77.131 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:12:36 -0400] "GET /rhn/common/DownloadFile.do?url=/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-
5-u3/Server  /chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 206 24744 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"
10.10.76.143 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:12:36 -0400] "GET /ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3/Server/chkconfig-
1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 206 24744 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"
10.10.76.143 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:14:20 -0400] "GET /ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3/Server/chkconfig-
1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 200 162580 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"
10.10.77.131 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:14:20 -0400] "GET /rhn/common/DownloadFile.do?url=/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-
5-u3/Server/chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 200 162580 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"

# grep chkconfig /var/log/httpd/access_log
10.10.77.131 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:12:36 -0400] "GET /rhn/common/DownloadFile.do?url=/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-
5-u3/Server  /chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 206 24744 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"
10.10.76.143 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:12:36 -0400] "GET /ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3/Server/chkconfig-
1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 206 24744 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"
10.10.76.143 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:14:20 -0400] "GET /ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3/Server/chkconfig-  
1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 200 162580 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"
10.10.77.131 - - [19/Aug/2011:15:14:20 -0400] "GET /rhn/common/DownloadFile.do?url=/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server- 
5-u3/Server/chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm HTTP/1.1" 200 162580 "-" "urlgrabber/3.1.0 yum/3.2.19"

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如果那些请求没有出现在 access_log 文件中，则该系统就应该有联网设置问题。如果该请求没有出现但生成出错信息，请检查出错日志。

您还可以手动下载这些文件看该软件包是否可用：

wget http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3/Server/chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm

wget http://satellite.example.com/ks/dist/ks-rhel-i386-server-5-u3/Server/chkconfig-1.3.30.1-2.i386.rpm

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Question 4

问：

我收到标题为 "WEB TRACEBACK" 的电子邮件。我该怎么办？

Answer

答：

典型的回溯电子邮件应类似：

Subject: WEB TRACEBACK from satellite.example.com
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2011 20:28:01 -0400
From: RHN Satellite <dev-null@redhat.com>
To: admin@example.com

java.lang.RuntimeException: XmlRpcException calling cobbler.
	at com.redhat.rhn.manager.kickstart.cobbler.CobblerXMLRPCHelper.invokeMethod(CobblerXMLRPCHelper.java:72)
	at com.redhat.rhn.taskomatic.task.CobblerSyncTask.execute(CobblerSyncTask.java:76)
	at com.redhat.rhn.taskomatic.task.SingleThreadedTestableTask.execute(SingleThreadedTestableTask.java:54)
	at org.quartz.core.JobRunShell.run(JobRunShell.java:203)
	at org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool$WorkerThread.run(SimpleThreadPool.java:520)
Caused by: redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException: The response could not be parsed.
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.handleResponse(XmlRpcClient.java:434)
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.endCall(XmlRpcClient.java:376)
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.invoke(XmlRpcClient.java:165)
	at com.redhat.rhn.manager.kickstart.cobbler.CobblerXMLRPCHelper.invokeMethod(CobblerXMLRPCHelper.java:69)
	... 4 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 503 for URL: http://someserver.example.com:80/cobbler_api
	at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1236)
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.handleResponse(XmlRpcClient.java:420)
	... 7 more

Subject: WEB TRACEBACK from satellite.example.com
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2011 20:28:01 -0400
From: RHN Satellite <dev-null@redhat.com>
To: admin@example.com

java.lang.RuntimeException: XmlRpcException calling cobbler.
	at com.redhat.rhn.manager.kickstart.cobbler.CobblerXMLRPCHelper.invokeMethod(CobblerXMLRPCHelper.java:72)
	at com.redhat.rhn.taskomatic.task.CobblerSyncTask.execute(CobblerSyncTask.java:76)
	at com.redhat.rhn.taskomatic.task.SingleThreadedTestableTask.execute(SingleThreadedTestableTask.java:54)
	at org.quartz.core.JobRunShell.run(JobRunShell.java:203)
	at org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool$WorkerThread.run(SimpleThreadPool.java:520)
Caused by: redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException: The response could not be parsed.
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.handleResponse(XmlRpcClient.java:434)
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.endCall(XmlRpcClient.java:376)
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.invoke(XmlRpcClient.java:165)
	at com.redhat.rhn.manager.kickstart.cobbler.CobblerXMLRPCHelper.invokeMethod(CobblerXMLRPCHelper.java:69)
	... 4 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 503 for URL: http://someserver.example.com:80/cobbler_api
	at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1236)
	at redstone.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient.handleResponse(XmlRpcClient.java:420)
	... 7 more

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这表明 Cobbler 在与 taskomatic 服务沟通时有问题。尝试检查如下内容：

确定 httpd 正在运行：service httpd status
确定 cobblerd 正在运行：service cobblerd status
确定没有阻止 localhost 连接的防火墙规则

Question 5

问：

我运行 rhnreg_ks 命令时失败，显示 ERROR: unable to read system id。这是什么问题？

Answer

答：

在 kickstart 结尾有一个 %post 部分，这部分可在 RHN Satellite 中注册该机器：

begin Red Hat management server registration
mkdir -p /usr/share/rhn/
wget http://satellite.example.com/pub/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT -O /usr/share/rhn/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT
perl -npe 's/RHNS-CA-CERT/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT/g' -i /etc/sysconfig/rhn/*
rhnreg_ks --serverUrl=https://satellite.example.com/XMLRPC --sslCACert=/usr/share/rhn/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT --activationkey=1-c8d01e2f23c6bbaedd0f6507e9ac079d
end Red Hat management server registration

# begin Red Hat management server registration
mkdir -p /usr/share/rhn/
wget http://satellite.example.com/pub/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT -O /usr/share/rhn/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT   
perl -npe 's/RHNS-CA-CERT/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT/g' -i /etc/sysconfig/rhn/*  
rhnreg_ks --serverUrl=https://satellite.example.com/XMLRPC --sslCACert=/usr/share/rhn/RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT --activationkey=1-c8d01e2f23c6bbaedd0f6507e9ac079d
# end Red Hat management server registration

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按添加的顺序进行解读，即：

创建一个目录，并在其中保存用于 RHN Satellite 的自定义 SSL 证书。
提取要在注册过程中使用的 SSL 证书。
搜索并替换 rhn-register 中的 SSL 证书字符串；然后使用该 SSL 证书和激活码在 RHN Satellite 注册。每个 kickstart 侧写都有一个激活码，它可保证将该系统分配给正确的基本频道和子频道，并获得正确的系统授权。如果要重新指配现有系统，该激活码还将保证它与之前的系统侧写关联。

如果 rhnreg_ks 命令失败，您会在 ks-post.log 日志文件中看到出错信息：

ERROR: unable to read system id.

ERROR: unable to read system id.

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如果您执行 rhn_check 且该系统还没有在 RHN Satellite 中注册也会出现这些出错信息。

解决这个问题最好的方法是在完成 kickstart 后查看 kickstart 文件，并在命令提示符后复制-粘贴上面的四步。这可生成可用的出错信息帮助您找出问题。

Question 6

问：

Kickstart 的目录结构是什么？

Answer

答：

保存 kickstart 文件的基本路径为 /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/。在这个目录中，原始 kickstart 位于 upload 子目录中，而使用向导创建的文件保存在 wizard 子目录中：

Raw Kickstarts: /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/upload/$profile_name--$org_id.cfg
Wizard Kickstarts: /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/wizard/$profile_name--$org_id.cfg

Raw Kickstarts: /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/upload/$profile_name--$org_id.cfg
Wizard Kickstarts: /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/wizard/$profile_name--$org_id.cfg

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Question 7

问：

Cobbler 片断的目录结构是什么？

Answer

答：

Cobbler 片断保存在 /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/snippets。Cobbler 使用符号链接 /var/lib/cobbler/snippets/spacewalk 访问片断。

Snippets:  /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/snippets/$org_id/$snippet_name

Snippets:  /var/lib/rhn/kickstarts/snippets/$org_id/$snippet_name

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重要

RHN Satellite RPM 需要 Cobbler kickstart 和片断目录保存在其默认位置，不要更改。

第 5 章故障排除

5.1. Web 界面
复制链接

5.2. Anaconda
复制链接

5.3. 回溯（Tracback）
复制链接

5.4. 注册
复制链接

5.5. Kickstart 和片断
复制链接

学习

尝试、购买和销售

社区

关于红帽文档

让开源更具包容性

關於紅帽

Theme

Red Hat legal and privacy links

Red Hat legal and privacy links

第 5 章 故障排除

5.1. Web 界面复制链接链接已复制到粘贴板!

5.2. Anaconda复制链接链接已复制到粘贴板!

5.3. 回溯（Tracback）复制链接链接已复制到粘贴板!

5.4. 注册复制链接链接已复制到粘贴板!

5.5. Kickstart 和片断复制链接链接已复制到粘贴板!

学习

尝试、购买和销售

社区

关于红帽文档

让开源更具包容性

關於紅帽

Theme

Red Hat legal and privacy links

Red Hat legal and privacy links

第 5 章故障排除

5.1. Web 界面
复制链接

5.2. Anaconda
复制链接

5.3. 回溯（Tracback）
复制链接

5.4. 注册
复制链接

5.5. Kickstart 和片断
复制链接