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Chapter 13. Using special characters in GNOME


In GNOME, you can use the Compose Key to type special characters from different languages and symbol sets, including those not available on your keyboard. You can enter and view special characters from different languages and symbol sets, making it easy to work with diverse character sets in GNOME.

To input these special characters, you can define one of the existing keys on your keyboard as a Compose Key. Once enabled, the Compose Key allows you to type special characters and symbols by pressing multiple keys in a specific sequence.

13.1. Enabling the Compose Key for an individual user

You can enable the Compose Key from the Settings menu while logged in as the user.

Procedure

  1. Click on the Activities button in the upper-left corner of the screen.
  2. Type Settings and click on the Settings icon to open the Settings application.
  3. In the Settings window, click on Keyboard in the left sidebar.
  4. Scroll down and select the Compose Key option.
  5. Toggle the slider to enable the Compose Key.
  6. Select the key you want to use as the Compose Key.
  7. Once you have selected the Compose Key, close the Settings window.

Now the Compose Key is enabled, and you can use it to input special characters and symbols by pressing the Compose Key, followed by the corresponding sequence of keys.

To see available multi-key sequences for composing special characters, use:

$ grep "<Multi_key>" /usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • Press the Compose Key, then type the sequence of keys for the special character you want to input. For example, to type ©, press the Compose Key, then press o and c.

13.2. Enabling the Compose Key for another user

You can enable the Compose Key for another user with the gsettings utility.

Prerequisites

  • Administrative access.

Procedure

  1. Allow all clients to connect to the X server:

    # xhost +
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  2. Run the following command to set the Compose Key:

    # su - <username> -c "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options \"['compose:<compose_key>']\""
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Replace <username> with the username of the user for whom you want to enable the Compose Key. Replace <compose_key> with the key you want to use as the Compose Key. You can use the ralt option to designate the right Alt key as the Compose Key.

    To see other Compose Key options that you can use to set up a Compose Key on your keyboard, use:

    $ grep compose /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  3. Resets the access control:

    # xhost -
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • To check the Compose Key settings for another user, use:

    # su - <username> -c "gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Replace <username> with the username of the user for whom you want to check the Compose Key setting.

13.3. Enabling the Compose Key for all users

You can enable the Compose Key for all users by creating a dconf configuration file.

Prerequisites

  • Administrative access.

Procedure

  1. Create the /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-compose-key configuration file with the following content:

    [org/gnome/desktop/input-sources]
    xkb-options=['compose:<compose_key>']
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Replace <compose_key> with the key you want to use as the Compose Key. You can use the ralt option to designate the right Alt key as the Compose Key.

    To see other Compose Key options that you can use to set up a Compose Key on your keyboard, use:

    $ grep compose /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  2. Update the dconf database with the new configuration:

    # dconf update
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  3. Restart your system or log out and log back in to your GNOME session for the changes to take effect.

Now the Compose Key is enabled for all users on the system and they can use it to input special characters and symbols by pressing the Compose Key, followed by the corresponding sequence of keys.

Verification

  • Press the Compose Key, then type the sequence of keys for the special character you want to input. For example, to type ©, press the Compose Key, then press o and c.

13.4. Compose Key sequences for special characters

The table showcases Compose Key sequences used to input special characters with diacritics or accents in GNOME. Each row displays a Compose Key sequence alongside its corresponding result

Expand
Table 13.1. Compose Key sequences for special characters
Compose Key SequenceResult

Compose+'+letter

Letter with acute accent (é, á, ñ)

Compose+`+letter

Letter with grave accent (è, ù, ò)

Compose+"+letter

Letter with umlaut or diaeresis (ë, ö, ü)

Compose+-+letter

Letter with macron (ā, ē, ō)

Compose+/+letter

Letter with stroke or diacritic (ø, ł, ǿ)

Compose+=+letter

Letter with double acute accent (ő, ű, ȁ)

Compose+.+letter

Letter with dot above (ȧ, ċ, ḋ)

Compose+,+letter

Letter with cedilla (ç, ş, ņ)

Compose+^+letter

Letter with circumflex accent (â, ê, î)

Compose+~+letter

Letter with tilde accent (ã, ñ, õ)

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