Chapter 4. OADP Application backup and restore

4.1. Introduction to OpenShift API for Data Protection

The OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) product safeguards customer applications on OpenShift Container Platform. It offers comprehensive disaster recovery protection, covering OpenShift Container Platform applications, application-related cluster resources, persistent volumes, and internal images. OADP is also capable of backing up both containerized applications and virtual machines (VMs).

However, OADP does not serve as a disaster recovery solution for etcd or OpenShift Operators.

4.1.1. OpenShift API for Data Protection APIs

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) provides APIs that enable multiple approaches to customizing backups and preventing the inclusion of unnecessary or inappropriate resources.

OADP provides the following APIs:

4.1.1.1. Support for OpenShift API for Data Protection

Table 4.1. Supported versions of OADP
Version	OCP version	General availability	Full support ends	Maintenance ends	Extended Update Support (EUS)	Extended Update Support Term 2 (EUS Term 2)
1.4	4.14 4.15 4.16	10 Jul 2024	Release of 1.5	Release of 1.6	27 Jun 2026 EUS must be on OCP 4.16	27 Jun 2027 EUS Term 2 must be on OCP 4.16
1.3	4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15	29 Nov 2023	10 Jul 2024	Release of 1.5	31 Oct 2025 EUS must be on OCP 4.14	31 Oct 2026 EUS Term 2 must be on OCP 4.14

4.1.1.1.1. Unsupported versions of the OADP Operator

Table 4.2. Previous versions of the OADP Operator which are no longer supported
Version	General availability	Full support ended	Maintenance ended
1.2	14 Jun 2023	29 Nov 2023	10 Jul 2024
1.1	01 Sep 2022	14 Jun 2023	29 Nov 2023
1.0	09 Feb 2022	01 Sep 2022	14 Jun 2023

For more details about EUS, see Extended Update Support.

For more details about EUS Term 2, see Extended Update Support Term 2.

Additional resources

Backing up etcd

4.2. OADP release notes

4.2.1. OADP 1.4 release notes

The release notes for OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) describe new features and enhancements, deprecated features, product recommendations, known issues, and resolved issues.

Note

For additional information about OADP, see OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) FAQs

4.2.1.1. OADP 1.4.1 release notes

The OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) 1.4.1 release notes lists new features, resolved issues and bugs, and known issues.

4.2.1.1.1. New features

New DPA fields to update client qps and burst

You can now change Velero Server Kubernetes API queries per second and burst values by using the new Data Protection Application (DPA) fields. The new DPA fields are spec.configuration.velero.client-qps and spec.configuration.velero.client-burst, which both default to 100. OADP-4076

Enabling non-default algorithms with Kopia

With this update, you can now configure the hash, encryption, and splitter algorithms in Kopia to select non-default options to optimize performance for different backup workloads.

To configure these algorithms, set the env variable of a velero pod in the podConfig section of the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) configuration. If this variable is not set, or an unsupported algorithm is chosen, Kopia will default to its standard algorithms. OADP-4640

4.2.1.1.2. Resolved issues

Restoring a backup without pods is now successful

Previously, restoring a backup without pods and having StorageClass VolumeBindingMode set as WaitForFirstConsumer, resulted in the PartiallyFailed status with an error: fail to patch dynamic PV, err: context deadline exceeded. With this update, patching dynamic PV is skipped and restoring a backup is successful without any PartiallyFailed status. OADP-4231

PodVolumeBackup CR now displays correct message

Previously, the PodVolumeBackup custom resource (CR) generated an incorrect message, which was: get a podvolumebackup with status "InProgress" during the server starting, mark it as "Failed". With this update, the message produced is now:

found a podvolumebackup with status "InProgress" during the server starting,
mark it as "Failed".

OADP-4224

Overriding imagePullPolicy is now possible with DPA

Previously, OADP set the imagePullPolicy parameter to Always for all images. With this update, OADP checks if each image contains sha256 or sha512 digest, then it sets imagePullPolicy to IfNotPresent; otherwise imagePullPolicy is set to Always. You can now override this policy by using the new spec.containerImagePullPolicy DPA field. OADP-4172

OADP Velero can now retry updating the restore status if initial update fails

Previously, OADP Velero failed to update the restored CR status. This left the status at InProgress indefinitely. Components which relied on the backup and restore CR status to determine the completion would fail. With this update, the restore CR status for a restore correctly proceeds to the Completed or Failed status. OADP-3227

Restoring BuildConfig Build from a different cluster is successful without any errors

Previously, when performing a restore of the BuildConfig Build resource from a different cluster, the application generated an error on TLS verification to the internal image registry. The resulting error was failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority error. With this update, the restore of the BuildConfig build resources to a different cluster can proceed successfully without generating the failed to verify certificate error. OADP-4692

Restoring an empty PVC is successful

Previously, downloading data failed while restoring an empty persistent volume claim (PVC). It failed with the following error:

data path restore failed: Failed to run kopia restore: Unable to load
    snapshot : snapshot not found

With this update, the downloading of data proceeds to correct conclusion when restoring an empty PVC and the error message is not generated. OADP-3106

There is no Velero memory leak in CSI and DataMover plugins

Previously, a Velero memory leak was caused by using the CSI and DataMover plugins. When the backup ended, the Velero plugin instance was not deleted and the memory leak consumed memory until an Out of Memory (OOM) condition was generated in the Velero pod. With this update, there is no resulting Velero memory leak when using the CSI and DataMover plugins. OADP-4448

Post-hook operation does not start before the related PVs are released

Previously, due to the asynchronous nature of the Data Mover operation, a post-hook might be attempted before the Data Mover persistent volume claim (PVC) releases the persistent volumes (PVs) of the related pods. This problem would cause the backup to fail with a PartiallyFailed status. With this update, the post-hook operation is not started until the related PVs are released by the Data Mover PVC, eliminating the PartiallyFailed backup status. OADP-3140

Deploying a DPA works as expected in namespaces with more than 37 characters

When you install the OADP Operator in a namespace with more than 37 characters to create a new DPA, labeling the "cloud-credentials" Secret fails and the DPA reports the following error:

The generated label name is too long.

With this update, creating a DPA does not fail in namespaces with more than 37 characters in the name. OADP-3960

Restore is successfully completed by overriding the timeout error

Previously, in a large scale environment, the restore operation would result in a Partiallyfailed status with the error: fail to patch dynamic PV, err: context deadline exceeded. With this update, the resourceTimeout Velero server argument is used to override this timeout error resulting in a successful restore. OADP-4344

For a complete list of all issues resolved in this release, see the list of OADP 1.4.1 resolved issues in Jira.

4.2.1.1.3. Known issues

Cassandra application pods enter into the CrashLoopBackoff status after restoring OADP

After OADP restores, the Cassandra application pods might enter CrashLoopBackoff status. To work around this problem, delete the StatefulSet pods that are returning the error CrashLoopBackoff state after restoring OADP. The StatefulSet controller then recreates these pods and it runs normally. OADP-4407

Deployment referencing ImageStream is not restored properly leading to corrupted pod and volume contents

During a File System Backup (FSB) restore operation, a Deployment resource referencing an ImageStream is not restored properly. The restored pod that runs the FSB, and the postHook is terminated prematurely.

During the restore operation, the OpenShift Container Platform controller updates the spec.template.spec.containers[0].image field in the Deployment resource with an updated ImageStreamTag hash. The update triggers the rollout of a new pod, terminating the pod on which velero runs the FSB along with the post-hook. For more information about image stream trigger, see Triggering updates on image stream changes.

The workaround for this behavior is a two-step restore process:

Perform a restore excluding the Deployment resources, for example:

$ velero restore create <RESTORE_NAME> \
  --from-backup <BACKUP_NAME> \
  --exclude-resources=deployment.apps

Once the first restore is successful, perform a second restore by including these resources, for example:
```
$ velero restore create <RESTORE_NAME> \
  --from-backup <BACKUP_NAME> \
  --include-resources=deployment.apps
```
OADP-3954

4.2.1.2. OADP 1.4.0 release notes

The OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) 1.4.0 release notes lists resolved issues and known issues.

4.2.1.2.1. Resolved issues

Restore works correctly in OpenShift Container Platform 4.16

Previously, while restoring the deleted application namespace, the restore operation partially failed with the resource name may not be empty error in OpenShift Container Platform 4.16. With this update, restore works as expected in OpenShift Container Platform 4.16. OADP-4075

Data Mover backups work properly in the OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 cluster

Previously, Velero was using the earlier version of SDK where the Spec.SourceVolumeMode field did not exist. As a consequence, Data Mover backups failed in the OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 cluster on the external snapshotter with version 4.2. With this update, external snapshotter is upgraded to version 7.0 and later. As a result, backups do not fail in the OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 cluster. OADP-3922

For a complete list of all issues resolved in this release, see the list of OADP 1.4.0 resolved issues in Jira.

4.2.1.2.2. Known issues

Backup fails when checksumAlgorithm is not set for MCG

While performing a backup of any application with Noobaa as the backup location, if the checksumAlgorithm configuration parameter is not set, backup fails. To fix this problem, if you do not provide a value for checksumAlgorithm in the Backup Storage Location (BSL) configuration, an empty value is added. The empty value is only added for BSLs that are created using Data Protection Application (DPA) custom resource (CR), and this value is not added if BSLs are created using any other method. OADP-4274

For a complete list of all known issues in this release, see the list of OADP 1.4.0 known issues in Jira.

4.2.1.2.3. Upgrade notes

Note

Always upgrade to the next minor version. Do not skip versions. To update to a later version, upgrade only one channel at a time. For example, to upgrade from OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) 1.1 to 1.3, upgrade first to 1.2, and then to 1.3.

4.2.1.2.3.1. Changes from OADP 1.3 to 1.4

The Velero server has been updated from version 1.12 to 1.14. Note that there are no changes in the Data Protection Application (DPA).

This changes the following:

The velero-plugin-for-csi code is now available in the Velero code, which means an init container is no longer required for the plugin.
Velero changed client Burst and QPS defaults from 30 and 20 to 100 and 100, respectively.
The velero-plugin-for-aws plugin updated default value of the spec.config.checksumAlgorithm field in BackupStorageLocation objects (BSLs) from "" (no checksum calculation) to the CRC32 algorithm. The checksum algorithm types are known to work only with AWS. Several S3 providers require the md5sum to be disabled by setting the checksum algorithm to "". Confirm md5sum algorithm support and configuration with your storage provider.
In OADP 1.4, the default value for BSLs created within DPA for this configuration is "". This default value means that the md5sum is not checked, which is consistent with OADP 1.3. For BSLs created within DPA, update it by using the spec.backupLocations[].velero.config.checksumAlgorithm field in the DPA. If your BSLs are created outside DPA, you can update this configuration by using spec.config.checksumAlgorithm in the BSLs.

4.2.1.2.3.2. Backing up the DPA configuration

You must back up your current DataProtectionApplication (DPA) configuration.

Procedure

Save your current DPA configuration by running the following command:
Example command
```
$ oc get dpa -n openshift-adp -o yaml > dpa.orig.backup
```

4.2.1.2.3.3. Upgrading the OADP Operator

Use the following procedure when upgrading the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator.

Procedure

Change your subscription channel for the OADP Operator from stable-1.3 to stable-1.4.
Wait for the Operator and containers to update and restart.

Additional resources

Updating installed Operators

4.2.1.2.4. Converting DPA to the new version

To upgrade from OADP 1.3 to 1.4, no Data Protection Application (DPA) changes are required.

4.2.1.2.5. Verifying the upgrade

Use the following procedure to verify the upgrade.

Procedure

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/restic-9cq4q                                         1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/restic-m4lts                                         1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/restic-pv4kr                                         1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s

NAME                    DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/restic   3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.3. OADP performance

4.3.1. OADP recommended network settings

For a supported experience with OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), you should have a stable and resilient network across OpenShift nodes, S3 storage, and in supported cloud environments that meet OpenShift network requirement recommendations.

To ensure successful backup and restore operations for deployments with remote S3 buckets located off-cluster with suboptimal data paths, it is recommended that your network settings meet the following minimum requirements in such less optimal conditions:

Bandwidth (network upload speed to object storage): Greater than 2 Mbps for small backups and 10-100 Mbps depending on the data volume for larger backups.
Packet loss: 1%
Packet corruption: 1%
Latency: 100ms

Ensure that your OpenShift Container Platform network performs optimally and meets OpenShift Container Platform network requirements.

Important

Although Red Hat provides supports for standard backup and restore failures, it does not provide support for failures caused by network settings that do not meet the recommended thresholds.

4.4. OADP features and plugins

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) features provide options for backing up and restoring applications.

The default plugins enable Velero to integrate with certain cloud providers and to back up and restore OpenShift Container Platform resources.

4.4.1. OADP features

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) supports the following features:

Backup

You can use OADP to back up all applications on the OpenShift Platform, or you can filter the resources by type, namespace, or label.

OADP backs up Kubernetes objects and internal images by saving them as an archive file on object storage. OADP backs up persistent volumes (PVs) by creating snapshots with the native cloud snapshot API or with the Container Storage Interface (CSI). For cloud providers that do not support snapshots, OADP backs up resources and PV data with Restic.

Note

You must exclude Operators from the backup of an application for backup and restore to succeed.

Restore

You can restore resources and PVs from a backup. You can restore all objects in a backup or filter the objects by namespace, PV, or label.

Note

You must exclude Operators from the backup of an application for backup and restore to succeed.

Schedule

You can schedule backups at specified intervals.

Hooks

You can use hooks to run commands in a container on a pod, for example, fsfreeze to freeze a file system. You can configure a hook to run before or after a backup or restore. Restore hooks can run in an init container or in the application container.

4.4.2. OADP plugins

The OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) provides default Velero plugins that are integrated with storage providers to support backup and snapshot operations. You can create custom plugins based on the Velero plugins.

OADP also provides plugins for OpenShift Container Platform resource backups, OpenShift Virtualization resource backups, and Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.

Table 4.3. OADP plugins
OADP plugin	Function	Storage location
`aws`	Backs up and restores Kubernetes objects.	AWS S3
`aws`	Backs up and restores volumes with snapshots.	AWS EBS
`azure`	Backs up and restores Kubernetes objects.	Microsoft Azure Blob storage
`azure`	Backs up and restores volumes with snapshots.	Microsoft Azure Managed Disks
`gcp`	Backs up and restores Kubernetes objects.	Google Cloud Storage
`gcp`	Backs up and restores volumes with snapshots.	Google Compute Engine Disks
`openshift`	Backs up and restores OpenShift Container Platform resources. ^[1]	Object store
`kubevirt`	Backs up and restores OpenShift Virtualization resources. ^[2]	Object store
`csi`	Backs up and restores volumes with CSI snapshots. ^[3]	Cloud storage that supports CSI snapshots
`vsm`	VolumeSnapshotMover relocates snapshots from the cluster into an object store to be used during a restore process to recover stateful applications, in situations such as cluster deletion. ^[4]	Object store

Mandatory.
Virtual machine disks are backed up with CSI snapshots or Restic.
The csi plugin uses the Kubernetes CSI snapshot API.
- OADP 1.1 or later uses snapshot.storage.k8s.io/v1
- OADP 1.0 uses snapshot.storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
OADP 1.2 only.

4.4.3. About OADP Velero plugins

You can configure two types of plugins when you install Velero:

Default cloud provider plugins
Custom plugins

Both types of plugin are optional, but most users configure at least one cloud provider plugin.

4.4.3.1. Default Velero cloud provider plugins

You can install any of the following default Velero cloud provider plugins when you configure the oadp_v1alpha1_dpa.yaml file during deployment:

aws (Amazon Web Services)
gcp (Google Cloud Platform)
azure (Microsoft Azure)
openshift (OpenShift Velero plugin)
csi (Container Storage Interface)
kubevirt (KubeVirt)

You specify the desired default plugins in the oadp_v1alpha1_dpa.yaml file during deployment.

Example file

The following .yaml file installs the openshift, aws, azure, and gcp plugins:

 apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
 kind: DataProtectionApplication
 metadata:
   name: dpa-sample
 spec:
   configuration:
     velero:
       defaultPlugins:
       - openshift
       - aws
       - azure
       - gcp

4.4.3.2. Custom Velero plugins

You can install a custom Velero plugin by specifying the plugin image and name when you configure the oadp_v1alpha1_dpa.yaml file during deployment.

You specify the desired custom plugins in the oadp_v1alpha1_dpa.yaml file during deployment.

Example file

The following .yaml file installs the default openshift, azure, and gcp plugins and a custom plugin that has the name custom-plugin-example and the image quay.io/example-repo/custom-velero-plugin:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
 name: dpa-sample
spec:
 configuration:
   velero:
     defaultPlugins:
     - openshift
     - azure
     - gcp
     customPlugins:
     - name: custom-plugin-example
       image: quay.io/example-repo/custom-velero-plugin

4.4.3.3. Velero plugins returning "received EOF, stopping recv loop" message

Note

Velero plugins are started as separate processes. After the Velero operation has completed, either successfully or not, they exit. Receiving a received EOF, stopping recv loop message in the debug logs indicates that a plugin operation has completed. It does not mean that an error has occurred.

4.4.4. Supported architectures for OADP

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) supports the following architectures:

AMD64
ARM64
PPC64le
s390x

Note

OADP 1.2.0 and later versions support the ARM64 architecture.

4.4.5. OADP support for IBM Power and IBM Z

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) is platform neutral. The information that follows relates only to IBM Power® and to IBM Z®.

OADP 1.1.7 was tested successfully against OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 for both IBM Power® and IBM Z®. The sections that follow give testing and support information for OADP 1.1.7 in terms of backup locations for these systems.
OADP 1.2.3 was tested successfully against OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15 for both IBM Power® and IBM Z®. The sections that follow give testing and support information for OADP 1.2.3 in terms of backup locations for these systems.
OADP 1.3.3 was tested successfully against OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15 for both IBM Power® and IBM Z®. The sections that follow give testing and support information for OADP 1.3.3 in terms of backup locations for these systems.
OADP 1.4.1 was tested successfully against OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, 4.15, and 4.16 for both IBM Power® and IBM Z®. The sections that follow give testing and support information for OADP 1.4.1 in terms of backup locations for these systems.

4.4.5.1. OADP support for target backup locations using IBM Power

IBM Power® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 and 4.12, and OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) 1.1.7 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Power® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 and 4.12, and OADP 1.1.7 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.
IBM Power® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15, and OADP 1.2.3 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Power® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13. 4.14, and 4.15, and OADP 1.2.3 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.
IBM Power® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15, and OADP 1.3.3 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Power® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15, and OADP 1.3.3 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.
IBM Power® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, 4.15, and 4.16, and OADP 1.4.1 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Power® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, 4.15, and 4.16, and OADP 1.4.1 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.

4.4.5.2. OADP testing and support for target backup locations using IBM Z

IBM Z® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 and 4.12, and OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) 1.1.7 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Z® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 and 4.12, and OADP 1.1.7 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.
IBM Z® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15, and OADP 1.2.3 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Z® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14 and 4.15, and OADP 1.2.3 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.
IBM Z® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15, and 1.3.3 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Z® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 4.14, and 4.15, and 1.3.3 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.
IBM Z® running with OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, 4.15, and 4.16, and 1.4.1 was tested successfully against an AWS S3 backup location target. Although the test involved only an AWS S3 target, Red Hat supports running IBM Z® with OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, 4.15, and 4.16, and 1.4.1 against all S3 backup location targets, which are not AWS, as well.

4.4.5.2.1. Known issue of OADP using IBM Power(R) and IBM Z(R) platforms

Currently, there are backup method restrictions for Single-node OpenShift clusters deployed on IBM Power® and IBM Z® platforms. Only NFS storage is currently compatible with Single-node OpenShift clusters on these platforms. In addition, only the File System Backup (FSB) methods such as Kopia and Restic are supported for backup and restore operations. There is currently no workaround for this issue.

4.4.6. OADP plugins known issues

The following section describes known issues in OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) plugins:

4.4.6.1. Velero plugin panics during imagestream backups due to a missing secret

When the backup and the Backup Storage Location (BSL) are managed outside the scope of the Data Protection Application (DPA), the OADP controller, meaning the DPA reconciliation does not create the relevant oadp-<bsl_name>-<bsl_provider>-registry-secret.

When the backup is run, the OpenShift Velero plugin panics on the imagestream backup, with the following panic error:

024-02-27T10:46:50.028951744Z time="2024-02-27T10:46:50Z" level=error msg="Error backing up item"
backup=openshift-adp/<backup name> error="error executing custom action (groupResource=imagestreams.image.openshift.io,
namespace=<BSL Name>, name=postgres): rpc error: code = Aborted desc = plugin panicked:
runtime error: index out of range with length 1, stack trace: goroutine 94…

4.4.6.1.1. Workaround to avoid the panic error

To avoid the Velero plugin panic error, perform the following steps:

Label the custom BSL with the relevant label:

$ oc label BackupStorageLocation <bsl_name> app.kubernetes.io/component=bsl

After the BSL is labeled, wait until the DPA reconciles.
Note
You can force the reconciliation by making any minor change to the DPA itself.
When the DPA reconciles, confirm that the relevant oadp-<bsl_name>-<bsl_provider>-registry-secret has been created and that the correct registry data has been populated into it:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp get secret/oadp-<bsl_name>-<bsl_provider>-registry-secret -o json | jq -r '.data'
```

4.4.6.2. OpenShift ADP Controller segmentation fault

If you configure a DPA with both cloudstorage and restic enabled, the openshift-adp-controller-manager pod crashes and restarts indefinitely until the pod fails with a crash loop segmentation fault.

You can have either velero or cloudstorage defined, because they are mutually exclusive fields.

If you have both velero and cloudstorage defined, the openshift-adp-controller-manager fails.
If you have neither velero nor cloudstorage defined, the openshift-adp-controller-manager fails.

For more information about this issue, see OADP-1054.

4.4.6.2.1. OpenShift ADP Controller segmentation fault workaround

You must define either velero or cloudstorage when you configure a DPA. If you define both APIs in your DPA, the openshift-adp-controller-manager pod fails with a crash loop segmentation fault.

4.5. OADP use cases

4.5.1. Backup using OpenShift API for Data Protection and Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation (ODF)

Following is a use case for using OADP and ODF to back up an application.

4.5.1.1. Backing up an application using OADP and ODF

In this use case, you back up an application by using OADP and store the backup in an object storage provided by Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation (ODF).

You create a object bucket claim (OBC) to configure the backup storage location. You use ODF to configure an Amazon S3-compatible object storage bucket. ODF provides MultiCloud Object Gateway (NooBaa MCG) and Ceph Object Gateway, also known as RADOS Gateway (RGW), object storage service. In this use case, you use NooBaa MCG as the backup storage location.
You use the NooBaa MCG service with OADP by using the aws provider plugin.
You configure the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the backup storage location (BSL).
You create a backup custom resource (CR) and specify the application namespace to back up.
You create and verify the backup.

Prerequisites

You installed the OADP Operator.
You installed the ODF Operator.
You have an application with a database running in a separate namespace.

Procedure

Create an OBC manifest file to request a NooBaa MCG bucket as shown in the following example:

Example OBC

apiVersion: objectbucket.io/v1alpha1
kind: ObjectBucketClaim
metadata:
  name: test-obc 1
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  storageClassName: openshift-storage.noobaa.io
  generateBucketName: test-backup-bucket 2

1: The name of the object bucket claim.
2: The name of the bucket.

Create the OBC by running the following command:
```
$ oc create -f <obc_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the file name of the object bucket claim manifest.
When you create an OBC, ODF creates a secret and a config map with the same name as the object bucket claim. The secret has the bucket credentials, and the config map has information to access the bucket. To get the bucket name and bucket host from the generated config map, run the following command:
```
$ oc extract --to=- cm/test-obc 1
```
1
test-obc is the name of the OBC.
Example output
```
# BUCKET_NAME
backup-c20...41fd
# BUCKET_PORT
443
# BUCKET_REGION

# BUCKET_SUBREGION

# BUCKET_HOST
s3.openshift-storage.svc
```

To get the bucket credentials from the generated secret, run the following command:

$ oc extract --to=- secret/test-obc

Example output

# AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
ebYR....xLNMc
# AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
YXf...+NaCkdyC3QPym

Get the public URL for the S3 endpoint from the s3 route in the openshift-storage namespace by running the following command:
```
$ oc get route s3 -n openshift-storage
```
Create a cloud-credentials file with the object bucket credentials as shown in the following command:
```
[default]
aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>
```

Create the cloud-credentials secret with the cloud-credentials file content as shown in the following command:

$ oc create secret generic \
  cloud-credentials \
  -n openshift-adp \
  --from-file cloud=cloud-credentials

Configure the Data Protection Application (DPA) as shown in the following example:

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: oadp-backup
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: kopia
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - aws
        - openshift
        - csi
      defaultSnapshotMoveData: true 1
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          profile: "default"
          region: noobaa
          s3Url: https://s3.openshift-storage.svc 2
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
        provider: aws
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name:  cloud-credentials
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 3
          prefix: oadp

1: Set to true to use the OADP Data Mover to enable movement of Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots to a remote object storage.
2: This is the S3 URL of ODF storage.
3: Specify the bucket name.

Create the DPA by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <dpa_filename>
```

Verify that the DPA is created successfully by running the following command. In the example output, you can see the status object has type field set to Reconciled. This means, the DPA is successfully created.

$ oc get dpa -o yaml

Example output

apiVersion: v1
items:
- apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: DataProtectionApplication
  metadata:
    namespace: openshift-adp
    #...#
  spec:
    backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          #...#
  status:
    conditions:
    - lastTransitionTime: "20....9:54:02Z"
      message: Reconcile complete
      reason: Complete
      status: "True"
      type: Reconciled
kind: List
metadata:
  resourceVersion: ""

Verify that the backup storage location (BSL) is available by running the following command:

$ oc get bsl -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE   DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   3s               15s   true

Configure a backup CR as shown in the following example:

Example backup CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: test-backup
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <application_namespace> 1

1: Specify the namespace for the application to back up.

Create the backup CR by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <backup_cr_filename>
```

Verification

Verify that the backup object is in the Completed phase by running the following command. For more details, see the example output.

$ oc describe backup test-backup -n openshift-adp

Example output

Name:         test-backup
Namespace:    openshift-adp
# ....#
Status:
  Backup Item Operations Attempted:  1
  Backup Item Operations Completed:  1
  Completion Timestamp:              2024-09-25T10:17:01Z
  Expiration:                        2024-10-25T10:16:31Z
  Format Version:                    1.1.0
  Hook Status:
  Phase:  Completed
  Progress:
    Items Backed Up:  34
    Total Items:      34
  Start Timestamp:    2024-09-25T10:16:31Z
  Version:            1
Events:               <none>

4.5.2. OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) restore use case

Following is a use case for using OADP to restore a backup to a different namespace.

4.5.2.1. Restoring an application to a different namespace using OADP

Restore a backup of an application by using OADP to a new target namespace, test-restore-application. To restore a backup, you create a restore custom resource (CR) as shown in the following example. In the restore CR, the source namespace refers to the application namespace that you included in the backup. You then verify the restore by changing your project to the new restored namespace and verifying the resources.

Prerequisites

You installed the OADP Operator.
You have the backup of an application to be restored.

Procedure

Create a restore CR as shown in the following example:
Example restore CR
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Restore
metadata:
  name: test-restore 1
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupName: <backup_name> 2
  restorePVs: true
  namespaceMapping:
    <application_namespace>: test-restore-application 3
```
1
The name of the restore CR.
2
Specify the name of the backup.
3
namespaceMapping maps the source application namespace to the target application namespace. Specify the application namespace that you backed up. test-restore-application is the target namespace where you want to restore the backup.
Apply the restore CR by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <restore_cr_filename>
```

Verification

Verify that the restore is in the Completed phase by running the following command:
```
$ oc describe restore <restore_name> -n openshift-adp
```
Change to the restored namespace test-restore-application by running the following command:
```
$ oc project test-restore-application
```

Verify the restored resources such as persistent volume claim (pvc), service (svc), deployment, secret, and config map by running the following command:

$ oc get pvc,svc,deployment,secret,configmap

Example output

NAME                          STATUS   VOLUME
persistentvolumeclaim/mysql   Bound    pvc-9b3583db-...-14b86

NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/mysql      ClusterIP   172....157     <none>        3306/TCP   2m56s
service/todolist   ClusterIP   172.....15     <none>        8000/TCP   2m56s

NAME                    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/mysql   0/1     1            0           2m55s

NAME                                         TYPE                      DATA   AGE
secret/builder-dockercfg-6bfmd               kubernetes.io/dockercfg   1      2m57s
secret/default-dockercfg-hz9kz               kubernetes.io/dockercfg   1      2m57s
secret/deployer-dockercfg-86cvd              kubernetes.io/dockercfg   1      2m57s
secret/mysql-persistent-sa-dockercfg-rgp9b   kubernetes.io/dockercfg   1      2m57s

NAME                                 DATA   AGE
configmap/kube-root-ca.crt           1      2m57s
configmap/openshift-service-ca.crt   1      2m57s

4.6. Installing and configuring OADP

4.6.1. About installing OADP

As a cluster administrator, you install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) by installing the OADP Operator. The OADP Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

To back up Kubernetes resources and internal images, you must have object storage as a backup location, such as one of the following storage types:

Amazon Web Services
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud Platform
Multicloud Object Gateway
IBM Cloud® Object Storage S3
AWS S3 compatible object storage, such as Multicloud Object Gateway or MinIO

You can configure multiple backup storage locations within the same namespace for each individual OADP deployment.

Note

Unless specified otherwise, "NooBaa" refers to the open source project that provides lightweight object storage, while "Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG)" refers to the Red Hat distribution of NooBaa.

For more information on the MCG, see Accessing the Multicloud Object Gateway with your applications.

Important

The CloudStorage API, which automates the creation of a bucket for object storage, is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Note

The CloudStorage API is a Technology Preview feature when you use a CloudStorage object and want OADP to use the CloudStorage API to automatically create an S3 bucket for use as a BackupStorageLocation.

The CloudStorage API supports manually creating a BackupStorageLocation object by specifying an existing S3 bucket. The CloudStorage API that creates an S3 bucket automatically is currently only enabled for AWS S3 storage.

You can back up persistent volumes (PVs) by using snapshots or a File System Backup (FSB).

To back up PVs with snapshots, you must have a cloud provider that supports either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, such as one of the following cloud providers:

Amazon Web Services
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud Platform
CSI snapshot-enabled cloud provider, such as OpenShift Data Foundation

Note

If you want to use CSI backup on OCP 4.11 and later, install OADP 1.1.x.

OADP 1.0.x does not support CSI backup on OCP 4.11 and later. OADP 1.0.x includes Velero 1.7.x and expects the API group snapshot.storage.k8s.io/v1beta1, which is not present on OCP 4.11 and later.

If your cloud provider does not support snapshots or if your storage is NFS, you can back up applications with Backing up applications with File System Backup: Kopia or Restic on object storage.

You create a default Secret and then you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.1.1. AWS S3 compatible backup storage providers

OADP is compatible with many object storage providers for use with different backup and snapshot operations. Several object storage providers are fully supported, several are unsupported but known to work, and some have known limitations.

4.6.1.1.1. Supported backup storage providers

The following AWS S3 compatible object storage providers are fully supported by OADP through the AWS plugin for use as backup storage locations:

MinIO
Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG)
Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3
IBM Cloud® Object Storage S3
Ceph RADOS Gateway (Ceph Object Gateway)
Red Hat Container Storage
Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation

Note

The following compatible object storage providers are supported and have their own Velero object store plugins:

Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
Microsoft Azure

4.6.1.1.2. Unsupported backup storage providers

The following AWS S3 compatible object storage providers, are known to work with Velero through the AWS plugin, for use as backup storage locations, however, they are unsupported and have not been tested by Red Hat:

Oracle Cloud
DigitalOcean
NooBaa, unless installed using Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG)
Tencent Cloud
Ceph RADOS v12.2.7
Quobyte
Cloudian HyperStore

Note

Unless specified otherwise, "NooBaa" refers to the open source project that provides lightweight object storage, while "Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG)" refers to the Red Hat distribution of NooBaa.

For more information on the MCG, see Accessing the Multicloud Object Gateway with your applications.

4.6.1.1.3. Backup storage providers with known limitations

The following AWS S3 compatible object storage providers are known to work with Velero through the AWS plugin with a limited feature set:

Swift - It works for use as a backup storage location for backup storage, but is not compatible with Restic for filesystem-based volume backup and restore.

4.6.1.2. Configuring Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) for disaster recovery on OpenShift Data Foundation

If you use cluster storage for your MCG bucket backupStorageLocation on OpenShift Data Foundation, configure MCG as an external object store.

Warning

Failure to configure MCG as an external object store might lead to backups not being available.

Note

Unless specified otherwise, "NooBaa" refers to the open source project that provides lightweight object storage, while "Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG)" refers to the Red Hat distribution of NooBaa.

For more information on the MCG, see Accessing the Multicloud Object Gateway with your applications.

Procedure

Configure MCG as an external object store as described in Adding storage resources for hybrid or Multicloud.

Additional resources

Overview of backup and snapshot locations in the Velero documentation

4.6.1.3. About OADP update channels

When you install an OADP Operator, you choose an update channel. This channel determines which upgrades to the OADP Operator and to Velero you receive. You can switch channels at any time.

The following update channels are available:

The stable channel is now deprecated. The stable channel contains the patches (z-stream updates) of OADP ClusterServiceVersion for OADP.v1.1.z and older versions from OADP.v1.0.z.
The stable-1.0 channel is deprecated and is not supported.
The stable-1.1 channel is deprecated and is not supported.
The stable-1.2 channel is deprecated and is not supported.
The stable-1.3 channel contains OADP.v1.3.z, the most recent OADP 1.3 ClusterServiceVersion.
The stable-1.4 channel contains OADP.v1.4.z, the most recent OADP 1.4 ClusterServiceVersion.

For more information, see OpenShift Operator Life Cycles.

Which update channel is right for you?

The stable channel is now deprecated. If you are already using the stable channel, you will continue to get updates from OADP.v1.1.z.
Choose the stable-1.y update channel to install OADP 1.y and to continue receiving patches for it. If you choose this channel, you will receive all z-stream patches for version 1.y.z.

When must you switch update channels?

If you have OADP 1.y installed, and you want to receive patches only for that y-stream, you must switch from the stable update channel to the stable-1.y update channel. You will then receive all z-stream patches for version 1.y.z.
If you have OADP 1.0 installed, want to upgrade to OADP 1.1, and then receive patches only for OADP 1.1, you must switch from the stable-1.0 update channel to the stable-1.1 update channel. You will then receive all z-stream patches for version 1.1.z.
If you have OADP 1.y installed, with y greater than 0, and want to switch to OADP 1.0, you must uninstall your OADP Operator and then reinstall it using the stable-1.0 update channel. You will then receive all z-stream patches for version 1.0.z.

Note

You cannot switch from OADP 1.y to OADP 1.0 by switching update channels. You must uninstall the Operator and then reinstall it.

4.6.1.4. Installation of OADP on multiple namespaces

You can install OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) into multiple namespaces on the same cluster so that multiple project owners can manage their own OADP instance. This use case has been validated with File System Backup (FSB) and Container Storage Interface (CSI).

You install each instance of OADP as specified by the per-platform procedures contained in this document with the following additional requirements:

All deployments of OADP on the same cluster must be the same version, for example, 1.1.4. Installing different versions of OADP on the same cluster is not supported.
Each individual deployment of OADP must have a unique set of credentials and at least one BackupStorageLocation configuration. You can also use multiple BackupStorageLocation configurations within the same namespace.
By default, each OADP deployment has cluster-level access across namespaces. OpenShift Container Platform administrators need to review security and RBAC settings carefully and make any necessary changes to them to ensure that each OADP instance has the correct permissions.

Additional resources

Cluster service version

4.6.1.5. Velero CPU and memory requirements based on collected data

The following recommendations are based on observations of performance made in the scale and performance lab. The backup and restore resources can be impacted by the type of plugin, the amount of resources required by that backup or restore, and the respective data contained in the persistent volumes (PVs) related to those resources.

4.6.1.5.1. CPU and memory requirement for configurations

Configuration types	^[1] Average usage	^[2] Large usage	resourceTimeouts
CSI	Velero: CPU- Request 200m, Limits 1000m Memory - Request 256Mi, Limits 1024Mi	Velero: CPU- Request 200m, Limits 2000m Memory- Request 256Mi, Limits 2048Mi	N/A
Restic	^[3] Restic: CPU- Request 1000m, Limits 2000m Memory - Request 16Gi, Limits 32Gi	^[4] Restic: CPU - Request 2000m, Limits 8000m Memory - Request 16Gi, Limits 40Gi	900m
^[5] Data Mover	N/A	N/A	10m - average usage 60m - large usage

Configuration types

^[1] Average usage

^[2] Large usage

resourceTimeouts

CSI

Velero:

CPU- Request 200m, Limits 1000m

Memory - Request 256Mi, Limits 1024Mi

Velero:

CPU- Request 200m, Limits 2000m

Memory- Request 256Mi, Limits 2048Mi

N/A

Restic

^[3] Restic:

CPU- Request 1000m, Limits 2000m

Memory - Request 16Gi, Limits 32Gi

^[4] Restic:

CPU - Request 2000m, Limits 8000m

Memory - Request 16Gi, Limits 40Gi

900m

^[5] Data Mover

N/A

10m - average usage

60m - large usage

Average usage - use these settings for most usage situations.
Large usage - use these settings for large usage situations, such as a large PV (500GB Usage), multiple namespaces (100+), or many pods within a single namespace (2000 pods+), and for optimal performance for backup and restore involving large datasets.
Restic resource usage corresponds to the amount of data, and type of data. For example, many small files or large amounts of data can cause Restic to use large amounts of resources. The Velero documentation references 500m as a supplied default, for most of our testing we found a 200m request suitable with 1000m limit. As cited in the Velero documentation, exact CPU and memory usage is dependent on the scale of files and directories, in addition to environmental limitations.
Increasing the CPU has a significant impact on improving backup and restore times.
Data Mover - Data Mover default resourceTimeout is 10m. Our tests show that for restoring a large PV (500GB usage), it is required to increase the resourceTimeout to 60m.

Note

The resource requirements listed throughout the guide are for average usage only. For large usage, adjust the settings as described in the table above.

4.6.1.5.2. NodeAgent CPU for large usage

Testing shows that increasing NodeAgent CPU can significantly improve backup and restore times when using OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP).

Important

It is not recommended to use Kopia without limits in production environments on nodes running production workloads due to Kopia’s aggressive consumption of resources. However, running Kopia with limits that are too low results in CPU limiting and slow backups and restore situations. Testing showed that running Kopia with 20 cores and 32 Gi memory supported backup and restore operations of over 100 GB of data, multiple namespaces, or over 2000 pods in a single namespace.

Testing detected no CPU limiting or memory saturation with these resource specifications.

You can set these limits in Ceph MDS pods by following the procedure in Changing the CPU and memory resources on the rook-ceph pods.

You need to add the following lines to the storage cluster Custom Resource (CR) to set the limits:

   resources:
     mds:
       limits:
         cpu: "3"
         memory: 128Gi
       requests:
         cpu: "3"
         memory: 8Gi

4.6.2. Installing the OADP Operator

You can install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator on OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 by using Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM).

The OADP Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin privileges.

Procedure

In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators OperatorHub.
Use the Filter by keyword field to find the OADP Operator.
Select the OADP Operator and click Install.
Click Install to install the Operator in the openshift-adp project.
Click Operators Installed Operators to verify the installation.

4.6.2.1. OADP-Velero-OpenShift Container Platform version relationship

OADP version	Velero version	OpenShift Container Platform version
1.1.0	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.1	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.2	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.3	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.4	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.5	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.6	1.9	4.11 and later
1.1.7	1.9	4.11 and later
1.2.0	1.11	4.11 and later
1.2.1	1.11	4.11 and later
1.2.2	1.11	4.11 and later
1.2.3	1.11	4.11 and later
1.3.0	1.12	4.10 - 4.15
1.3.1	1.12	4.10 - 4.15
1.3.2	1.12	4.10 - 4.15
1.4.0	1.14	4.14 and later
1.4.1	1.14	4.14 and later

4.6.3. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with AWS S3 compatible storage

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 compatible storage by installing the OADP Operator. The Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

You configure AWS for Velero, create a default Secret, and then install the Data Protection Application. For more details, see Installing the OADP Operator.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. See Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments for details.

4.6.3.1. Configuring Amazon Web Services

You configure Amazon Web Services (AWS) for the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP).

Prerequisites

You must have the AWS CLI installed.

Procedure

Set the BUCKET variable:
```
$ BUCKET=<your_bucket>
```
Set the REGION variable:
```
$ REGION=<your_region>
```
Create an AWS S3 bucket:
```
$ aws s3api create-bucket \
    --bucket $BUCKET \
    --region $REGION \
    --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=$REGION 1
```
1
us-east-1 does not support a LocationConstraint. If your region is us-east-1, omit --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=$REGION.
Create an IAM user:
```
$ aws iam create-user --user-name velero 1
```
1
If you want to use Velero to back up multiple clusters with multiple S3 buckets, create a unique user name for each cluster.

Create a velero-policy.json file:

$ cat > velero-policy.json <<EOF
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "ec2:DescribeVolumes",
                "ec2:DescribeSnapshots",
                "ec2:CreateTags",
                "ec2:CreateVolume",
                "ec2:CreateSnapshot",
                "ec2:DeleteSnapshot"
            ],
            "Resource": "*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
                "s3:ListMultipartUploadParts"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::${BUCKET}/*"
            ]
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:GetBucketLocation",
                "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::${BUCKET}"
            ]
        }
    ]
}
EOF

Attach the policies to give the velero user the minimum necessary permissions:

$ aws iam put-user-policy \
  --user-name velero \
  --policy-name velero \
  --policy-document file://velero-policy.json

Create an access key for the velero user:

$ aws iam create-access-key --user-name velero

Example output

{
  "AccessKey": {
        "UserName": "velero",
        "Status": "Active",
        "CreateDate": "2017-07-31T22:24:41.576Z",
        "SecretAccessKey": <AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>,
        "AccessKeyId": <AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
  }
}

Create a credentials-velero file:
```
$ cat << EOF > ./credentials-velero
[default]
aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>
EOF
```
You use the credentials-velero file to create a Secret object for AWS before you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.3.2. About backup and snapshot locations and their secrets

You specify backup and snapshot locations and their secrets in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Backup locations

You specify AWS S3-compatible object storage as a backup location, such as Multicloud Object Gateway; Red Hat Container Storage; Ceph RADOS Gateway, also known as Ceph Object Gateway; Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation; or MinIO.

Velero backs up OpenShift Container Platform resources, Kubernetes objects, and internal images as an archive file on object storage.

Snapshot locations

If you use your cloud provider’s native snapshot API to back up persistent volumes, you must specify the cloud provider as the snapshot location.

If you use Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, you do not need to specify a snapshot location because you will create a VolumeSnapshotClass CR to register the CSI driver.

If you use File System Backup (FSB), you do not need to specify a snapshot location because FSB backs up the file system on object storage.

Secrets

If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location, you create a default Secret.

If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you create two secret objects:

Custom Secret for the backup location, which you specify in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Default Secret for the snapshot location, which is not referenced in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Important

The Data Protection Application requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail.

If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file.

4.6.3.2.1. Creating a default Secret

You create a default Secret if your backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location.

The default name of the Secret is cloud-credentials.

Note

The DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail. If the name of the backup location Secret is not specified, the default name is used.

If you do not want to use the backup location credentials during the installation, you can create a Secret with the default name by using an empty credentials-velero file.

Prerequisites

Your object storage and cloud storage, if any, must use the same credentials.
You must configure object storage for Velero.
You must create a credentials-velero file for the object storage in the appropriate format.

Procedure

Create a Secret with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

The Secret is referenced in the spec.backupLocations.credential block of the DataProtectionApplication CR when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.3.2.2. Creating profiles for different credentials

If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you create separate profiles in the credentials-velero file.

Then, you create a Secret object and specify the profiles in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Procedure

Create a credentials-velero file with separate profiles for the backup and snapshot locations, as in the following example:

[backupStorage]
aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>

[volumeSnapshot]
aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>

Create a Secret object with the credentials-velero file:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero 1

Add the profiles to the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
...
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: <prefix>
        config:
          region: us-east-1
          profile: "backupStorage"
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
  snapshotLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: aws
        config:
          region: us-west-2
          profile: "volumeSnapshot"

4.6.3.2.3. Configuring the backup storage location using AWS

You can configure the AWS backup storage location (BSL) as shown in the following example procedure.

Prerequisites

You have created an object storage bucket using AWS.
You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the BSL custom resource (CR) with values as applicable to your use case.
Backup storage location
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: BackupStorageLocation
metadata:
  name: default
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  provider: aws 1
  objectStorage:
    bucket: <bucket_name> 2
    prefix: <bucket_prefix> 3
  credential: 4
    key: cloud 5
    name: cloud-credentials 6
  config:
    region: <bucket_region> 7
    s3ForcePathStyle: "true" 8
    s3Url: <s3_url> 9
    publicUrl: <public_s3_url> 10
    serverSideEncryption: AES256 11
    kmsKeyId: "50..c-4da1-419f-a16e-ei...49f" 12
    customerKeyEncryptionFile: "/credentials/customer-key" 13
    signatureVersion: "1" 14
    profile: "default" 15
    insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true" 16
    enableSharedConfig: "true" 17
    tagging: "" 18
    checksumAlgorithm: "CRC32" 19
```
1 1
The name of the object store plugin. In this example, the plugin is aws. This field is required.
2
The name of the bucket in which to store backups. This field is required.
3
The prefix within the bucket in which to store backups. This field is optional.
4
The credentials for the backup storage location. You can set custom credentials. If custom credentials are not set, the default credentials' secret is used.
5
The key within the secret credentials' data.
6
The name of the secret containing the credentials.
7
The AWS region where the bucket is located. Optional if s3ForcePathStyle is false.
8
A boolean flag to decide whether to use path-style addressing instead of virtual hosted bucket addressing. Set to true if using a storage service such as MinIO or NooBaa. This is an optional field. The default value is false.
9
You can specify the AWS S3 URL here for explicitness. This field is primarily for storage services such as MinIO or NooBaa. This is an optional field.
10
This field is primarily used for storage services such as MinIO or NooBaa. This is an optional field.
11
The name of the server-side encryption algorithm to use for uploading objects, for example, AES256. This is an optional field.
12
Specify an AWS KMS key ID. You can format, as shown in the example, as an alias, such as alias/<KMS-key-alias-name>, or the full ARN to enable encryption of the backups stored in S3. Note that kmsKeyId cannot be used in with customerKeyEncryptionFile. This is an optional field.
13
Specify the file that has the SSE-C customer key to enable customer key encryption of the backups stored in S3. The file must contain a 32-byte string. The customerKeyEncryptionFile field points to a mounted secret within the velero container. Add the following key-value pair to the velero cloud-credentials secret: customer-key: <your_b64_encoded_32byte_string>. Note that the customerKeyEncryptionFile field cannot be used with the kmsKeyId field. The default value is an empty string (""), which means SSE-C is disabled. This is an optional field.
14
The version of the signature algorithm used to create signed URLs. You use signed URLs to download the backups, or fetch the logs. Valid values are 1 and 4. The default version is 4. This is an optional field.
15
The name of the AWS profile in the credentials file. The default value is default. This is an optional field.
16
Set the insecureSkipTLSVerify field to true if you do not want to verify the TLS certificate when connecting to the object store, for example, for self-signed certificates with MinIO. Setting to true is susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks and is not recommended for production workloads. The default value is false. This is an optional field.
17
Set the enableSharedConfig field to true if you want to load the credentials file as a shared config file. The default value is false. This is an optional field.
18
Specify the tags to annotate the AWS S3 objects. Specify the tags in key-value pairs. The default value is an empty string (""). This is an optional field.
19
Specify the checksum algorithm to use for uploading objects to S3. The supported values are: CRC32, CRC32C, SHA1, and SHA256. If you set the field as an empty string (""), the checksum check will be skipped. The default value is CRC32. This is an optional field.

4.6.3.2.4. Creating an OADP SSE-C encryption key for additional data security

Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 applies server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) as the base level of encryption for every bucket in Amazon S3.

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) encrypts data by using SSL/TLS, HTTPS, and the velero-repo-credentials secret when transferring the data from a cluster to storage. To protect backup data in case of lost or stolen AWS credentials, apply an additional layer of encryption.

The velero-plugin-for-aws plugin provides several additional encryption methods. You should review its configuration options and consider implementing additional encryption.

You can store your own encryption keys by using server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C). This feature provides additional security if your AWS credentials become exposed.

Warning

Be sure to store cryptographic keys in a secure and safe manner. Encrypted data and backups cannot be recovered if you do not have the encryption key.

Prerequisites

To make OADP mount a secret that contains your SSE-C key to the Velero pod at /credentials, use the following default secret name for AWS: cloud-credentials, and leave at least one of the following labels empty:
- dpa.spec.backupLocations[].velero.credential
- dpa.spec.snapshotLocations[].velero.credential
  This is a workaround for a known issue: https://issues.redhat.com/browse/OADP-3971.

Note

The following procedure contains an example of a spec:backupLocations block that does not specify credentials. This example would trigger an OADP secret mounting.

If you need the backup location to have credentials with a different name than cloud-credentials, you must add a snapshot location, such as the one in the following example, that does not contain a credential name. Because the example does not contain a credential name, the snapshot location will use cloud-credentials as its secret for taking snapshots.

Example snapshot location in a DPA without credentials specified

 snapshotLocations:
  - velero:
      config:
        profile: default
        region: <region>
      provider: aws
# ...

Procedure

Create an SSE-C encryption key:
1. Generate a random number and save it as a file named sse.key by running the following command:
```
$ dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=32 > sse.key
```
2. Encode the sse.key by using Base64 and save the result as a file named sse_encoded.key by running the following command:
```
$ cat sse.key | base64 > sse_encoded.key
```
3. Link the file named sse_encoded.key to a new file named customer-key by running the following command:
```
$ ln -s sse_encoded.key customer-key
```
Create an OpenShift Container Platform secret:
- If you are initially installing and configuring OADP, create the AWS credential and encryption key secret at the same time by running the following command:
```
$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials --namespace openshift-adp --from-file cloud=<path>/openshift_aws_credentials,customer-key=<path>/sse_encoded.key
```
- If you are updating an existing installation, edit the values of the cloud-credential secret block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: v1
data:
  cloud: W2Rfa2V5X2lkPSJBS0lBVkJRWUIyRkQ0TlFHRFFPQiIKYXdzX3NlY3JldF9hY2Nlc3Nfa2V5P<snip>rUE1mNWVSbTN5K2FpeWhUTUQyQk1WZHBOIgo=
  customer-key: v+<snip>TFIiq6aaXPbj8dhos=
kind: Secret
# ...
```
Edit the value of the customerKeyEncryptionFile attribute in the backupLocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:
```
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          customerKeyEncryptionFile: /credentials/customer-key
          profile: default
# ...
```
Warning
You must restart the Velero pod to remount the secret credentials properly on an existing installation.
The installation is complete, and you can back up and restore OpenShift Container Platform resources. The data saved in AWS S3 storage is encrypted with the new key, and you cannot download it from the AWS S3 console or API without the additional encryption key.

Verification

To verify that you cannot download the encrypted files without the inclusion of an additional key, create a test file, upload it, and then try to download it.

Create a test file by running the following command:
```
$ echo "encrypt me please" > test.txt
```

Upload the test file by running the following command:

$ aws s3api put-object \
  --bucket <bucket> \
  --key test.txt \
  --body test.txt \
  --sse-customer-key fileb://sse.key \
  --sse-customer-algorithm AES256

Try to download the file. In either the Amazon web console or the terminal, run the following command:
```
$ s3cmd get s3://<bucket>/test.txt test.txt
```
The download fails because the file is encrypted with an additional key.

Download the file with the additional encryption key by running the following command:

$ aws s3api get-object \
    --bucket <bucket> \
    --key test.txt \
    --sse-customer-key fileb://sse.key \
    --sse-customer-algorithm AES256 \
    downloaded.txt

Read the file contents by running the following command:
```
$ cat downloaded.txt
```
Example output
```
encrypt me please
```

Additional resources

You can also download the file with the additional encryption key backed up with Velcro by running a different command. See Downloading a file with an SSE-C encryption key for files backed up by Velero.

4.6.3.2.4.1. Downloading a file with an SSE-C encryption key for files backed up by Velero

When you are verifying an SSE-C encryption key, you can also download the file with the additional encryption key for files that were backed up with Velcro.

Procedure

Download the file with the additional encryption key for files backed up by Velero by running the following command:

$ aws s3api get-object \
  --bucket <bucket> \
  --key velero/backups/mysql-persistent-customerkeyencryptionfile4/mysql-persistent-customerkeyencryptionfile4.tar.gz \
  --sse-customer-key fileb://sse.key \
  --sse-customer-algorithm AES256 \
  --debug \
  velero_download.tar.gz

4.6.3.3. Configuring the Data Protection Application

You can configure the Data Protection Application by setting Velero resource allocations or enabling self-signed CA certificates.

4.6.3.3.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

Use the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint. Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

For more details, see Configuring node agents and node labels.

4.6.3.3.2. Enabling self-signed CA certificates

You must enable a self-signed CA certificate for object storage by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest to prevent a certificate signed by unknown authority error.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the spec.backupLocations.velero.objectStorage.caCert parameter and spec.backupLocations.velero.config parameters of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket>
          prefix: <prefix>
          caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "false" 2
# ...

1: Specify the Base64-encoded CA certificate string.
2: The insecureSkipTLSVerify configuration can be set to either "true" or "false". If set to "true", SSL/TLS security is disabled. If set to "false", SSL/TLS security is enabled.

4.6.3.3.2.1. Using CA certificates with the velero command aliased for Velero deployment

You might want to use the Velero CLI without installing it locally on your system by creating an alias for it.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

You must have the OpenShift CLI (oc) installed.

To use an aliased Velero command, run the following command:

$ alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'

Check that the alias is working by running the following command:

Example

$ velero version
Client:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP
	Git commit: -
Server:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP

To use a CA certificate with this command, you can add a certificate to the Velero deployment by running the following commands:

$ CA_CERT=$(oc -n openshift-adp get dataprotectionapplications.oadp.openshift.io <dpa-name> -o jsonpath='{.spec.backupLocations[0].velero.objectStorage.caCert}')

$ [[ -n $CA_CERT ]] && echo "$CA_CERT" | base64 -d | oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "cat > /tmp/your-cacert.txt" || echo "DPA BSL has no caCert"

$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert>.txt

To fetch the backup logs, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup logs  <backup_name>  --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert.txt>
```
You can use these logs to view failures and warnings for the resources that you cannot back up.
If the Velero pod restarts, the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file disappears, and you must re-create the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file by re-running the commands from the previous step.
You can check if the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file still exists, in the file location where you stored it, by running the following command:
```
$ oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "ls /tmp/your-cacert.txt"
/tmp/your-cacert.txt
```

In a future release of OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), we plan to mount the certificate to the Velero pod so that this step is not required.

4.6.3.4. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials.
If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials, which contains separate profiles for the backup and snapshot location credentials.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.
Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp 1
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift 2
        - aws
      resourceTimeout: 10m 3
    nodeAgent: 4
      enable: true 5
      uploaderType: kopia 6
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 7
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 8
          prefix: <prefix> 9
        config:
          region: <region>
          profile: "default"
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true" 10
          s3Url: <s3_url> 11
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials 12
  snapshotLocations: 13
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        config:
          region: <region> 14
          profile: "default"
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials 15
```
1
The default namespace for OADP is openshift-adp. The namespace is a variable and is configurable.
2
The openshift plugin is mandatory.
3
Specify how many minutes to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero CRD availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and backup repository availability. The default is 10m.
4
The administrative agent that routes the administrative requests to servers.
5
Set this value to true if you want to enable nodeAgent and perform File System Backup.
6
Enter kopia or restic as your uploader. You cannot change the selection after the installation. For the Built-in DataMover you must use Kopia. The nodeAgent deploys a daemon set, which means that the nodeAgent pods run on each working node. You can configure File System Backup by adding spec.defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true to the Backup CR.
7
Specify the nodes on which Kopia or Restic are available. By default, Kopia or Restic run on all nodes.
8
Specify a bucket as the backup storage location. If the bucket is not a dedicated bucket for Velero backups, you must specify a prefix.
9
Specify a prefix for Velero backups, for example, velero, if the bucket is used for multiple purposes.
10
Specify whether to force path style URLs for S3 objects (Boolean). Not Required for AWS S3. Required only for S3 compatible storage.
11
Specify the URL of the object store that you are using to store backups. Not required for AWS S3. Required only for S3 compatible storage.
12
Specify the name of the Secret object that you created. If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials, is used. If you specify a custom name, the custom name is used for the backup location.
13
Specify a snapshot location, unless you use CSI snapshots or a File System Backup (FSB) to back up PVs.
14
The snapshot location must be in the same region as the PVs.
15
Specify the name of the Secret object that you created. If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials, is used. If you specify a custom name, the custom name is used for the snapshot location. If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, create separate profiles in the credentials-velero file.
Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.6.3.4.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.3.5. Configuring the backup storage location with a MD5 checksum algorithm

You can configure the Backup Storage Location (BSL) in the Data Protection Application (DPA) to use a MD5 checksum algorithm for both Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and S3-compatible storage providers. The checksum algorithm calculates the checksum for uploading and downloading objects to Amazon S3. You can use one of the following options to set the checksumAlgorithm field in the spec.backupLocations.velero.config.checksumAlgorithm section of the DPA.

CRC32
CRC32C
SHA1
SHA256

Note

You can also set the checksumAlgorithm field to an empty value to skip the MD5 checksum check.

If you do not set a value for the checksumAlgorithm field, then the default value is set to CRC32.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.
You have configured Amazon S3, or S3-compatible object storage as a backup location.

Procedure

Configure the BSL in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
  - name: default
    velero:
      config:
        checksumAlgorithm: "" 1
        insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
        profile: "default"
        region: <bucket_region>
        s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
        s3Url: <bucket_url>
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: cloud-credentials
      default: true
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name>
        prefix: velero
      provider: aws
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - aws
      - csi

1: Specify the checksumAlgorithm. In this example, the checksumAlgorithm field is set to an empty value. You can select an option from the following list: CRC32, CRC32C, SHA1, SHA256.

Important

If you are using Noobaa as the object storage provider, and you do not set the spec.backupLocations.velero.config.checksumAlgorithm field in the DPA, an empty value of checksumAlgorithm is added to the BSL configuration.

The empty value is only added for BSLs that are created using the DPA. This value is not added if you create the BSL by using any other method.

4.6.3.6. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.3.7. Configuring the DPA with more than one BSL

You can configure the DPA with more than one BSL and specify the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must create the secrets by using the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Procedure

Configure the DPA with more than one BSL. See the following example.

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
#...
backupLocations:
  - name: aws 1
    velero:
      provider: aws
      default: true 2
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name> 3
        prefix: <prefix> 4
      config:
        region: <region_name> 5
        profile: "default"
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: cloud-credentials 6
  - name: odf 7
    velero:
      provider: aws
      default: false
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name>
        prefix: <prefix>
      config:
        profile: "default"
        region: <region_name>
        s3Url: <url> 8
        insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
        s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: <custom_secret_name_odf> 9
#...

1: Specify a name for the first BSL.
2: This parameter indicates that this BSL is the default BSL. If a BSL is not set in the Backup CR, the default BSL is used. You can set only one BSL as the default.
3: Specify the bucket name.
4: Specify a prefix for Velero backups; for example, velero.
5: Specify the AWS region for the bucket.
6: Specify the name of the default Secret object that you created.
7: Specify a name for the second BSL.
8: Specify the URL of the S3 endpoint.
9: Specify the correct name for the Secret; for example, custom_secret_name_odf. If you do not specify a Secret name, the default name is used.

Specify the BSL to be used in the backup CR. See the following example.

Example backup CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
# ...
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <namespace> 1
  storageLocation: <backup_storage_location> 2
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true

1: Specify the namespace to back up.
2: Specify the storage location.

4.6.3.7.1. Enabling CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR

You enable the Container Storage Interface (CSI) in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) in order to back up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots.

Prerequisites

The cloud provider must support CSI snapshots.

Procedure

Edit the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - csi 1

1: Add the csi default plugin.

4.6.3.7.2. Disabling the node agent in DataProtectionApplication

If you are not using Restic, Kopia, or DataMover for your backups, you can disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). Before you disable nodeAgent, ensure the OADP Operator is idle and not running any backups.

Procedure

To disable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to false. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: false  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Disables the node agent.
To enable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to true. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Enables the node agent.

You can set up a job to enable and disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication CR. For more information, see "Running tasks in pods using jobs".

Additional resources

4.6.4. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with IBM Cloud

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator on an IBM Cloud cluster to back up and restore applications on the cluster. You configure IBM Cloud Object Storage (COS) to store the backups.

4.6.4.1. Configuring the COS instance

You create an IBM Cloud Object Storage (COS) instance to store the OADP backup data. After you create the COS instance, configure the HMAC service credentials.

Prerequisites

You have an IBM Cloud Platform account.
You installed the IBM Cloud CLI.
You are logged in to IBM Cloud.

Procedure

Install the IBM Cloud Object Storage (COS) plugin by running the following command:
```
$ ibmcloud plugin install cos -f
```
Set a bucket name by running the following command:
```
$ BUCKET=<bucket_name>
```
Set a bucket region by running the following command:
```
$ REGION=<bucket_region> 1
```
1
Specify the bucket region, for example, eu-gb.
Create a resource group by running the following command:
```
$ ibmcloud resource group-create <resource_group_name>
```
Set the target resource group by running the following command:
```
$ ibmcloud target -g <resource_group_name>
```

Verify that the target resource group is correctly set by running the following command:

$ ibmcloud target

Example output

API endpoint:     https://cloud.ibm.com
Region:
User:             test-user
Account:          Test Account (fb6......e95) <-> 2...122
Resource group:   Default

In the example output, the resource group is set to Default.

Set a resource group name by running the following command:
```
$ RESOURCE_GROUP=<resource_group> 1
```
1
Specify the resource group name, for example, "default".
Create an IBM Cloud service-instance resource by running the following command:
```
$ ibmcloud resource service-instance-create \
<service_instance_name> \1
<service_name> \2
<service_plan> \3
<region_name> 4
```
1
Specify a name for the service-instance resource.
2
Specify the service name. Alternatively, you can specify a service ID.
3
Specify the service plan for your IBM Cloud account.
4
Specify the region name.
Example command
```
$ ibmcloud resource service-instance-create test-service-instance cloud-object-storage \ 1
standard \
global \
-d premium-global-deployment 2
```
1
The service name is cloud-object-storage.
2
The -d flag specifies the deployment name.

Extract the service instance ID by running the following command:

$ SERVICE_INSTANCE_ID=$(ibmcloud resource service-instance test-service-instance --output json | jq -r '.[0].id')

Create a COS bucket by running the following command:
```
$ ibmcloud cos bucket-create \//
--bucket $BUCKET \//
--ibm-service-instance-id $SERVICE_INSTANCE_ID \//
--region $REGION
```
Variables such as $BUCKET, $SERVICE_INSTANCE_ID, and $REGION are replaced by the values you set previously.

Create HMAC credentials by running the following command.

$ ibmcloud resource service-key-create test-key Writer --instance-name test-service-instance --parameters {\"HMAC\":true}

Extract the access key ID and the secret access key from the HMAC credentials and save them in the credentials-velero file. You can use the credentials-velero file to create a secret for the backup storage location. Run the following command:

$ cat > credentials-velero << __EOF__
[default]
aws_access_key_id=$(ibmcloud resource service-key test-key -o json  | jq -r '.[0].credentials.cos_hmac_keys.access_key_id')
aws_secret_access_key=$(ibmcloud resource service-key test-key -o json  | jq -r '.[0].credentials.cos_hmac_keys.secret_access_key')
__EOF__

4.6.4.2. Creating a default Secret

You create a default Secret if your backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location.

Note

The DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail. If the name of the backup location Secret is not specified, the default name is used.

If you do not want to use the backup location credentials during the installation, you can create a Secret with the default name by using an empty credentials-velero file.

Prerequisites

Your object storage and cloud storage, if any, must use the same credentials.
You must configure object storage for Velero.
You must create a credentials-velero file for the object storage in the appropriate format.

Procedure

Create a Secret with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

The Secret is referenced in the spec.backupLocations.credential block of the DataProtectionApplication CR when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.4.3. Creating secrets for different credentials

If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secret objects:

Backup location Secret with a custom name. The custom name is specified in the spec.backupLocations block of the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).
Snapshot location Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials. This Secret is not specified in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Create a credentials-velero file for the snapshot location in the appropriate format for your cloud provider.

Create a Secret for the snapshot location with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Create a credentials-velero file for the backup location in the appropriate format for your object storage.

Create a Secret for the backup location with a custom name:

$ oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Add the Secret with the custom name to the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
...
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: <provider>
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: <custom_secret> 1
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: <prefix>

1: Backup location Secret with custom name.

4.6.4.4. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.

Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  namespace: openshift-adp
  name: <dpa_name>
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - aws
      - csi
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: aws 1
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 2
          prefix: velero
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: 'true'
          profile: default
          region: <region_name> 3
          s3ForcePathStyle: 'true'
          s3Url: <s3_url> 4
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials 5

1: The provider is aws when you use IBM Cloud as a backup storage location.
2: Specify the IBM Cloud Object Storage (COS) bucket name.
3: Specify the COS region name, for example, eu-gb.
4: Specify the S3 URL of the COS bucket. For example, http://s3.eu-gb.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud. Here, eu-gb is the region name. Replace the region name according to your bucket region.
5: Defines the name of the secret you created by using the access key and the secret access key from the HMAC credentials.

Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.6.4.5. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

4.6.4.6. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.4.7. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.4.8. Configuring the DPA with more than one BSL

You can configure the DPA with more than one BSL and specify the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must create the secrets by using the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Procedure

Configure the DPA with more than one BSL. See the following example.

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
#...
backupLocations:
  - name: aws 1
    velero:
      provider: aws
      default: true 2
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name> 3
        prefix: <prefix> 4
      config:
        region: <region_name> 5
        profile: "default"
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: cloud-credentials 6
  - name: odf 7
    velero:
      provider: aws
      default: false
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name>
        prefix: <prefix>
      config:
        profile: "default"
        region: <region_name>
        s3Url: <url> 8
        insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
        s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: <custom_secret_name_odf> 9
#...

1: Specify a name for the first BSL.
2: This parameter indicates that this BSL is the default BSL. If a BSL is not set in the Backup CR, the default BSL is used. You can set only one BSL as the default.
3: Specify the bucket name.
4: Specify a prefix for Velero backups; for example, velero.
5: Specify the AWS region for the bucket.
6: Specify the name of the default Secret object that you created.
7: Specify a name for the second BSL.
8: Specify the URL of the S3 endpoint.
9: Specify the correct name for the Secret; for example, custom_secret_name_odf. If you do not specify a Secret name, the default name is used.

Specify the BSL to be used in the backup CR. See the following example.

Example backup CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
# ...
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <namespace> 1
  storageLocation: <backup_storage_location> 2
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true

1: Specify the namespace to back up.
2: Specify the storage location.

4.6.4.9. Disabling the node agent in DataProtectionApplication

If you are not using Restic, Kopia, or DataMover for your backups, you can disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). Before you disable nodeAgent, ensure the OADP Operator is idle and not running any backups.

Procedure

To disable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to false. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: false  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Disables the node agent.
To enable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to true. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Enables the node agent.

You can set up a job to enable and disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication CR. For more information, see "Running tasks in pods using jobs".

4.6.5. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with Microsoft Azure

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Microsoft Azure by installing the OADP Operator. The Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

You configure Azure for Velero, create a default Secret, and then install the Data Protection Application. For more details, see Installing the OADP Operator.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. See Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments for details.

4.6.5.1. Configuring Microsoft Azure

You configure Microsoft Azure for OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP).

Prerequisites

You must have the Azure CLI installed.

Tools that use Azure services should always have restricted permissions to make sure that Azure resources are safe. Therefore, instead of having applications sign in as a fully privileged user, Azure offers service principals. An Azure service principal is a name that can be used with applications, hosted services, or automated tools.

This identity is used for access to resources.

Create a service principal
Sign in using a service principal and password
Sign in using a service principal and certificate
Manage service principal roles
Create an Azure resource using a service principal
Reset service principal credentials

For more details, see Create an Azure service principal with Azure CLI.

4.6.5.2. About backup and snapshot locations and their secrets

You specify backup and snapshot locations and their secrets in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Backup locations

You specify AWS S3-compatible object storage as a backup location, such as Multicloud Object Gateway; Red Hat Container Storage; Ceph RADOS Gateway, also known as Ceph Object Gateway; Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation; or MinIO.

Velero backs up OpenShift Container Platform resources, Kubernetes objects, and internal images as an archive file on object storage.

Snapshot locations

If you use your cloud provider’s native snapshot API to back up persistent volumes, you must specify the cloud provider as the snapshot location.

If you use Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, you do not need to specify a snapshot location because you will create a VolumeSnapshotClass CR to register the CSI driver.

If you use File System Backup (FSB), you do not need to specify a snapshot location because FSB backs up the file system on object storage.

Secrets

If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location, you create a default Secret.

If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you create two secret objects:

Custom Secret for the backup location, which you specify in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Default Secret for the snapshot location, which is not referenced in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Important

The Data Protection Application requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail.

If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file.

4.6.5.2.1. Creating a default Secret

You create a default Secret if your backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location.

The default name of the Secret is cloud-credentials-azure.

Note

The DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail. If the name of the backup location Secret is not specified, the default name is used.

If you do not want to use the backup location credentials during the installation, you can create a Secret with the default name by using an empty credentials-velero file.

Prerequisites

Your object storage and cloud storage, if any, must use the same credentials.
You must configure object storage for Velero.
You must create a credentials-velero file for the object storage in the appropriate format.

Procedure

Create a Secret with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-azure -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

The Secret is referenced in the spec.backupLocations.credential block of the DataProtectionApplication CR when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.5.2.2. Creating secrets for different credentials

If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secret objects:

Backup location Secret with a custom name. The custom name is specified in the spec.backupLocations block of the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).
Snapshot location Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials-azure. This Secret is not specified in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Create a credentials-velero file for the snapshot location in the appropriate format for your cloud provider.

Create a Secret for the snapshot location with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-azure -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Create a credentials-velero file for the backup location in the appropriate format for your object storage.

Create a Secret for the backup location with a custom name:

$ oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Add the Secret with the custom name to the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
...
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group>
          storageAccount: <azure_storage_account_id>
          subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id>
          storageAccountKeyEnvVar: AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: <custom_secret> 1
        provider: azure
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: <prefix>
  snapshotLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group>
          subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id>
          incremental: "true"
        provider: azure

1: Backup location Secret with custom name.

4.6.5.3. Configuring the Data Protection Application

You can configure the Data Protection Application by setting Velero resource allocations or enabling self-signed CA certificates.

4.6.5.3.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

Use the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint. Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

For more details, see Configuring node agents and node labels.

4.6.5.3.2. Enabling self-signed CA certificates

You must enable a self-signed CA certificate for object storage by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest to prevent a certificate signed by unknown authority error.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the spec.backupLocations.velero.objectStorage.caCert parameter and spec.backupLocations.velero.config parameters of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket>
          prefix: <prefix>
          caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "false" 2
# ...

1: Specify the Base64-encoded CA certificate string.
2: The insecureSkipTLSVerify configuration can be set to either "true" or "false". If set to "true", SSL/TLS security is disabled. If set to "false", SSL/TLS security is enabled.

4.6.5.3.2.1. Using CA certificates with the velero command aliased for Velero deployment

You might want to use the Velero CLI without installing it locally on your system by creating an alias for it.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

You must have the OpenShift CLI (oc) installed.

To use an aliased Velero command, run the following command:

$ alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'

Check that the alias is working by running the following command:

Example

$ velero version
Client:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP
	Git commit: -
Server:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP

To use a CA certificate with this command, you can add a certificate to the Velero deployment by running the following commands:

$ CA_CERT=$(oc -n openshift-adp get dataprotectionapplications.oadp.openshift.io <dpa-name> -o jsonpath='{.spec.backupLocations[0].velero.objectStorage.caCert}')

$ [[ -n $CA_CERT ]] && echo "$CA_CERT" | base64 -d | oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "cat > /tmp/your-cacert.txt" || echo "DPA BSL has no caCert"

$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert>.txt

To fetch the backup logs, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup logs  <backup_name>  --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert.txt>
```
You can use these logs to view failures and warnings for the resources that you cannot back up.
If the Velero pod restarts, the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file disappears, and you must re-create the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file by re-running the commands from the previous step.
You can check if the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file still exists, in the file location where you stored it, by running the following command:
```
$ oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "ls /tmp/your-cacert.txt"
/tmp/your-cacert.txt
```

In a future release of OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), we plan to mount the certificate to the Velero pod so that this step is not required.

4.6.5.4. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials-azure.
If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secrets:
- Secret with a custom name for the backup location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
- Secret with another custom name for the snapshot location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.
Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp 1
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - azure
        - openshift 2
      resourceTimeout: 10m 3
    nodeAgent: 4
      enable: true 5
      uploaderType: kopia 6
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 7
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group> 8
          storageAccount: <azure_storage_account_id> 9
          subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id> 10
          storageAccountKeyEnvVar: AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials-azure  11
        provider: azure
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 12
          prefix: <prefix> 13
  snapshotLocations: 14
    - velero:
        config:
          resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group>
          subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id>
          incremental: "true"
        name: default
        provider: azure
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials-azure 15
```
1
The default namespace for OADP is openshift-adp. The namespace is a variable and is configurable.
2
The openshift plugin is mandatory.
3
Specify how many minutes to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero CRD availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and backup repository availability. The default is 10m.
4
The administrative agent that routes the administrative requests to servers.
5
Set this value to true if you want to enable nodeAgent and perform File System Backup.
6
Enter kopia or restic as your uploader. You cannot change the selection after the installation. For the Built-in DataMover you must use Kopia. The nodeAgent deploys a daemon set, which means that the nodeAgent pods run on each working node. You can configure File System Backup by adding spec.defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true to the Backup CR.
7
Specify the nodes on which Kopia or Restic are available. By default, Kopia or Restic run on all nodes.
8
Specify the Azure resource group.
9
Specify the Azure storage account ID.
10
Specify the Azure subscription ID.
11
If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials-azure, is used. If you specify a custom name, the custom name is used for the backup location.
12
Specify a bucket as the backup storage location. If the bucket is not a dedicated bucket for Velero backups, you must specify a prefix.
13
Specify a prefix for Velero backups, for example, velero, if the bucket is used for multiple purposes.
14
You do not need to specify a snapshot location if you use CSI snapshots or Restic to back up PVs.
15
Specify the name of the Secret object that you created. If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials-azure, is used. If you specify a custom name, the custom name is used for the backup location.
Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.6.5.5. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.5.5.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.5.5.2. Enabling CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR

You enable the Container Storage Interface (CSI) in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) in order to back up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots.

Prerequisites

The cloud provider must support CSI snapshots.

Procedure

Edit the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - csi 1

1: Add the csi default plugin.

4.6.5.5.3. Disabling the node agent in DataProtectionApplication

If you are not using Restic, Kopia, or DataMover for your backups, you can disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). Before you disable nodeAgent, ensure the OADP Operator is idle and not running any backups.

Procedure

To disable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to false. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: false  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Disables the node agent.
To enable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to true. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Enables the node agent.

You can set up a job to enable and disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication CR. For more information, see "Running tasks in pods using jobs".

Additional resources

4.6.6. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with Google Cloud Platform

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Google Cloud Platform (GCP) by installing the OADP Operator. The Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

You configure GCP for Velero, create a default Secret, and then install the Data Protection Application. For more details, see Installing the OADP Operator.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. See Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments for details.

4.6.6.1. Configuring Google Cloud Platform

You configure Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP).

Prerequisites

You must have the gcloud and gsutil CLI tools installed. See the Google cloud documentation for details.

Procedure

Log in to GCP:
```
$ gcloud auth login
```
Set the BUCKET variable:
```
$ BUCKET=<bucket> 1
```
1
Specify your bucket name.
Create the storage bucket:
```
$ gsutil mb gs://$BUCKET/
```
Set the PROJECT_ID variable to your active project:
```
$ PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
```

Create a service account:

$ gcloud iam service-accounts create velero \
    --display-name "Velero service account"

List your service accounts:
```
$ gcloud iam service-accounts list
```

Set the SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL variable to match its email value:

$ SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL=$(gcloud iam service-accounts list \
    --filter="displayName:Velero service account" \
    --format 'value(email)')

Attach the policies to give the velero user the minimum necessary permissions:

$ ROLE_PERMISSIONS=(
    compute.disks.get
    compute.disks.create
    compute.disks.createSnapshot
    compute.snapshots.get
    compute.snapshots.create
    compute.snapshots.useReadOnly
    compute.snapshots.delete
    compute.zones.get
    storage.objects.create
    storage.objects.delete
    storage.objects.get
    storage.objects.list
    iam.serviceAccounts.signBlob
)

Create the velero.server custom role:

$ gcloud iam roles create velero.server \
    --project $PROJECT_ID \
    --title "Velero Server" \
    --permissions "$(IFS=","; echo "${ROLE_PERMISSIONS[*]}")"

Add IAM policy binding to the project:

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT_ID \
    --member serviceAccount:$SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL \
    --role projects/$PROJECT_ID/roles/velero.server

Update the IAM service account:

$ gsutil iam ch serviceAccount:$SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL:objectAdmin gs://${BUCKET}

Save the IAM service account keys to the credentials-velero file in the current directory:
```
$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create credentials-velero \
    --iam-account $SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL
```
You use the credentials-velero file to create a Secret object for GCP before you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.6.2. About backup and snapshot locations and their secrets

You specify backup and snapshot locations and their secrets in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Backup locations

You specify AWS S3-compatible object storage as a backup location, such as Multicloud Object Gateway; Red Hat Container Storage; Ceph RADOS Gateway, also known as Ceph Object Gateway; Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation; or MinIO.

Velero backs up OpenShift Container Platform resources, Kubernetes objects, and internal images as an archive file on object storage.

Snapshot locations

If you use your cloud provider’s native snapshot API to back up persistent volumes, you must specify the cloud provider as the snapshot location.

If you use Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, you do not need to specify a snapshot location because you will create a VolumeSnapshotClass CR to register the CSI driver.

If you use File System Backup (FSB), you do not need to specify a snapshot location because FSB backs up the file system on object storage.

Secrets

If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location, you create a default Secret.

If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you create two secret objects:

Custom Secret for the backup location, which you specify in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Default Secret for the snapshot location, which is not referenced in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Important

The Data Protection Application requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail.

If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file.

4.6.6.2.1. Creating a default Secret

You create a default Secret if your backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location.

The default name of the Secret is cloud-credentials-gcp.

Note

The DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail. If the name of the backup location Secret is not specified, the default name is used.

If you do not want to use the backup location credentials during the installation, you can create a Secret with the default name by using an empty credentials-velero file.

Prerequisites

Your object storage and cloud storage, if any, must use the same credentials.
You must configure object storage for Velero.
You must create a credentials-velero file for the object storage in the appropriate format.

Procedure

Create a Secret with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-gcp -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

The Secret is referenced in the spec.backupLocations.credential block of the DataProtectionApplication CR when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.6.2.2. Creating secrets for different credentials

If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secret objects:

Backup location Secret with a custom name. The custom name is specified in the spec.backupLocations block of the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).
Snapshot location Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials-gcp. This Secret is not specified in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Create a credentials-velero file for the snapshot location in the appropriate format for your cloud provider.

Create a Secret for the snapshot location with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-gcp -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Create a credentials-velero file for the backup location in the appropriate format for your object storage.

Create a Secret for the backup location with a custom name:

$ oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Add the Secret with the custom name to the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
...
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: gcp
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: <custom_secret> 1
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: <prefix>
  snapshotLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: gcp
        default: true
        config:
          project: <project>
          snapshotLocation: us-west1

1: Backup location Secret with custom name.

4.6.6.3. Configuring the Data Protection Application

You can configure the Data Protection Application by setting Velero resource allocations or enabling self-signed CA certificates.

4.6.6.3.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

Use the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint. Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

For more details, see Configuring node agents and node labels.

4.6.6.3.2. Enabling self-signed CA certificates

You must enable a self-signed CA certificate for object storage by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest to prevent a certificate signed by unknown authority error.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the spec.backupLocations.velero.objectStorage.caCert parameter and spec.backupLocations.velero.config parameters of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket>
          prefix: <prefix>
          caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "false" 2
# ...

1: Specify the Base64-encoded CA certificate string.
2: The insecureSkipTLSVerify configuration can be set to either "true" or "false". If set to "true", SSL/TLS security is disabled. If set to "false", SSL/TLS security is enabled.

4.6.6.3.2.1. Using CA certificates with the velero command aliased for Velero deployment

You might want to use the Velero CLI without installing it locally on your system by creating an alias for it.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

You must have the OpenShift CLI (oc) installed.

To use an aliased Velero command, run the following command:

$ alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'

Check that the alias is working by running the following command:

Example

$ velero version
Client:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP
	Git commit: -
Server:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP

To use a CA certificate with this command, you can add a certificate to the Velero deployment by running the following commands:

$ CA_CERT=$(oc -n openshift-adp get dataprotectionapplications.oadp.openshift.io <dpa-name> -o jsonpath='{.spec.backupLocations[0].velero.objectStorage.caCert}')

$ [[ -n $CA_CERT ]] && echo "$CA_CERT" | base64 -d | oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "cat > /tmp/your-cacert.txt" || echo "DPA BSL has no caCert"

$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert>.txt

To fetch the backup logs, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup logs  <backup_name>  --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert.txt>
```
You can use these logs to view failures and warnings for the resources that you cannot back up.
If the Velero pod restarts, the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file disappears, and you must re-create the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file by re-running the commands from the previous step.
You can check if the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file still exists, in the file location where you stored it, by running the following command:
```
$ oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "ls /tmp/your-cacert.txt"
/tmp/your-cacert.txt
```

In a future release of OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), we plan to mount the certificate to the Velero pod so that this step is not required.

4.6.6.4. Google workload identity federation cloud authentication

Applications running outside Google Cloud use service account keys, such as usernames and passwords, to gain access to Google Cloud resources. These service account keys might become a security risk if they are not properly managed.

With Google’s workload identity federation, you can use Identity and Access Management (IAM) to offer IAM roles, including the ability to impersonate service accounts, to external identities. This eliminates the maintenance and security risks associated with service account keys.

Workload identity federation handles encrypting and decrypting certificates, extracting user attributes, and validation. Identity federation externalizes authentication, passing it over to Security Token Services (STS), and reduces the demands on individual developers. Authorization and controlling access to resources remain the responsibility of the application.

Note

Google workload identity federation is available for OADP 1.3.x and later.

When backing up volumes, OADP on GCP with Google workload identity federation authentication only supports CSI snapshots.

OADP on GCP with Google workload identity federation authentication does not support Volume Snapshot Locations (VSL) backups. For more details, see Google workload identity federation known issues.

If you do not use Google workload identity federation cloud authentication, continue to Installing the Data Protection Application.

Prerequisites

You have installed a cluster in manual mode with GCP Workload Identity configured.
You have access to the Cloud Credential Operator utility (ccoctl) and to the associated workload identity pool.

Procedure

Create an oadp-credrequest directory by running the following command:
```
$ mkdir -p oadp-credrequest
```

Create a CredentialsRequest.yaml file as following:

echo 'apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: oadp-operator-credentials
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
    kind: GCPProviderSpec
    permissions:
    - compute.disks.get
    - compute.disks.create
    - compute.disks.createSnapshot
    - compute.snapshots.get
    - compute.snapshots.create
    - compute.snapshots.useReadOnly
    - compute.snapshots.delete
    - compute.zones.get
    - storage.objects.create
    - storage.objects.delete
    - storage.objects.get
    - storage.objects.list
    - iam.serviceAccounts.signBlob
    skipServiceCheck: true
  secretRef:
    name: cloud-credentials-gcp
    namespace: <OPERATOR_INSTALL_NS>
  serviceAccountNames:
  - velero
' > oadp-credrequest/credrequest.yaml

Use the ccoctl utility to process the CredentialsRequest objects in the oadp-credrequest directory by running the following command:
```
$ ccoctl gcp create-service-accounts \
    --name=<name> \
    --project=<gcp_project_id> \
    --credentials-requests-dir=oadp-credrequest \
    --workload-identity-pool=<pool_id> \
    --workload-identity-provider=<provider_id>
```
The manifests/openshift-adp-cloud-credentials-gcp-credentials.yaml file is now available to use in the following steps.
Create a namespace by running the following command:
```
$ oc create namespace <OPERATOR_INSTALL_NS>
```

Apply the credentials to the namespace by running the following command:

$ oc apply -f manifests/openshift-adp-cloud-credentials-gcp-credentials.yaml

4.6.6.4.1. Google workload identity federation known issues

Volume Snapshot Location (VSL) backups finish with a PartiallyFailed phase when GCP workload identity federation is configured. Google workload identity federation authentication does not support VSL backups.

4.6.6.5. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials-gcp.
If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secrets:
- Secret with a custom name for the backup location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
- Secret with another custom name for the snapshot location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.
Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: <OPERATOR_INSTALL_NS> 1
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - gcp
        - openshift 2
      resourceTimeout: 10m 3
    nodeAgent: 4
      enable: true 5
      uploaderType: kopia 6
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 7
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: gcp
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud 8
          name: cloud-credentials-gcp 9
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 10
          prefix: <prefix> 11
  snapshotLocations: 12
    - velero:
        provider: gcp
        default: true
        config:
          project: <project>
          snapshotLocation: us-west1 13
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials-gcp 14
  backupImages: true 15
```
1
The default namespace for OADP is openshift-adp. The namespace is a variable and is configurable.
2
The openshift plugin is mandatory.
3
Specify how many minutes to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero CRD availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and backup repository availability. The default is 10m.
4
The administrative agent that routes the administrative requests to servers.
5
Set this value to true if you want to enable nodeAgent and perform File System Backup.
6
Enter kopia or restic as your uploader. You cannot change the selection after the installation. For the Built-in DataMover you must use Kopia. The nodeAgent deploys a daemon set, which means that the nodeAgent pods run on each working node. You can configure File System Backup by adding spec.defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true to the Backup CR.
7
Specify the nodes on which Kopia or Restic are available. By default, Kopia or Restic run on all nodes.
8
Secret key that contains credentials. For Google workload identity federation cloud authentication use service_account.json.
9
Secret name that contains credentials. If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials-gcp, is used.
10
Specify a bucket as the backup storage location. If the bucket is not a dedicated bucket for Velero backups, you must specify a prefix.
11
Specify a prefix for Velero backups, for example, velero, if the bucket is used for multiple purposes.
12
Specify a snapshot location, unless you use CSI snapshots or Restic to back up PVs.
13
The snapshot location must be in the same region as the PVs.
14
Specify the name of the Secret object that you created. If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials-gcp, is used. If you specify a custom name, the custom name is used for the backup location.
15
Google workload identity federation supports internal image backup. Set this field to false if you do not want to use image backup.
Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.6.6.6. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.6.6.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.6.6.2. Enabling CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR

You enable the Container Storage Interface (CSI) in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) in order to back up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots.

Prerequisites

The cloud provider must support CSI snapshots.

Procedure

Edit the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - csi 1

1: Add the csi default plugin.

4.6.6.6.3. Disabling the node agent in DataProtectionApplication

If you are not using Restic, Kopia, or DataMover for your backups, you can disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). Before you disable nodeAgent, ensure the OADP Operator is idle and not running any backups.

Procedure

To disable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to false. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: false  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Disables the node agent.
To enable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to true. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Enables the node agent.

You can set up a job to enable and disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication CR. For more information, see "Running tasks in pods using jobs".

Additional resources

4.6.7. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with Multicloud Object Gateway

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) by installing the OADP Operator. The Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

You configure Multicloud Object Gateway as a backup location. MCG is a component of OpenShift Data Foundation. You configure MCG as a backup location in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Important

The CloudStorage API, which automates the creation of a bucket for object storage, is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

You create a Secret for the backup location and then you install the Data Protection Application. For more details, see Installing the OADP Operator.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. For details, see Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments.

4.6.7.1. Retrieving Multicloud Object Gateway credentials

You must retrieve the Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) credentials, which you need to create a Secret custom resource (CR) for the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP).

Note

Although the MCG Operator is deprecated, the MCG plugin is still available for OpenShift Data Foundation. To download the plugin, browse to Download Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation and download the appropriate MCG plugin for your operating system.

Prerequisites

You must deploy OpenShift Data Foundation by using the appropriate Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation deployment guide.

Procedure

Obtain the S3 endpoint, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY by running the describe command on the NooBaa custom resource.
Create a credentials-velero file:
```
$ cat << EOF > ./credentials-velero
[default]
aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>
EOF
```
You use the credentials-velero file to create a Secret object when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.7.2. About backup and snapshot locations and their secrets

You specify backup and snapshot locations and their secrets in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Backup locations

You specify AWS S3-compatible object storage as a backup location, such as Multicloud Object Gateway; Red Hat Container Storage; Ceph RADOS Gateway, also known as Ceph Object Gateway; Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation; or MinIO.

Velero backs up OpenShift Container Platform resources, Kubernetes objects, and internal images as an archive file on object storage.

Snapshot locations

If you use your cloud provider’s native snapshot API to back up persistent volumes, you must specify the cloud provider as the snapshot location.

If you use Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, you do not need to specify a snapshot location because you will create a VolumeSnapshotClass CR to register the CSI driver.

If you use File System Backup (FSB), you do not need to specify a snapshot location because FSB backs up the file system on object storage.

Secrets

If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location, you create a default Secret.

If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you create two secret objects:

Custom Secret for the backup location, which you specify in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Default Secret for the snapshot location, which is not referenced in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Important

The Data Protection Application requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail.

If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file.

4.6.7.2.1. Creating a default Secret

You create a default Secret if your backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location.

The default name of the Secret is cloud-credentials.

Note

The DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail. If the name of the backup location Secret is not specified, the default name is used.

If you do not want to use the backup location credentials during the installation, you can create a Secret with the default name by using an empty credentials-velero file.

Prerequisites

Your object storage and cloud storage, if any, must use the same credentials.
You must configure object storage for Velero.
You must create a credentials-velero file for the object storage in the appropriate format.

Procedure

Create a Secret with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

The Secret is referenced in the spec.backupLocations.credential block of the DataProtectionApplication CR when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.7.2.2. Creating secrets for different credentials

If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secret objects:

Backup location Secret with a custom name. The custom name is specified in the spec.backupLocations block of the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).
Snapshot location Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials. This Secret is not specified in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Create a credentials-velero file for the snapshot location in the appropriate format for your cloud provider.

Create a Secret for the snapshot location with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Create a credentials-velero file for the backup location in the appropriate format for your object storage.

Create a Secret for the backup location with a custom name:

$ oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Add the Secret with the custom name to the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
...
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          profile: "default"
          region: <region_name> 1
          s3Url: <url>
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
        provider: aws
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name:  <custom_secret> 2
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: <prefix>

1: Specify the region, following the naming convention of the documentation of your object storage server.
2: Backup location Secret with custom name.

4.6.7.3. Configuring the Data Protection Application

You can configure the Data Protection Application by setting Velero resource allocations or enabling self-signed CA certificates.

4.6.7.3.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

Use the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint. Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

For more details, see Configuring node agents and node labels.

4.6.7.3.2. Enabling self-signed CA certificates

You must enable a self-signed CA certificate for object storage by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest to prevent a certificate signed by unknown authority error.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the spec.backupLocations.velero.objectStorage.caCert parameter and spec.backupLocations.velero.config parameters of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket>
          prefix: <prefix>
          caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "false" 2
# ...

1: Specify the Base64-encoded CA certificate string.
2: The insecureSkipTLSVerify configuration can be set to either "true" or "false". If set to "true", SSL/TLS security is disabled. If set to "false", SSL/TLS security is enabled.

4.6.7.3.2.1. Using CA certificates with the velero command aliased for Velero deployment

You might want to use the Velero CLI without installing it locally on your system by creating an alias for it.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

You must have the OpenShift CLI (oc) installed.

To use an aliased Velero command, run the following command:

$ alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'

Check that the alias is working by running the following command:

Example

$ velero version
Client:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP
	Git commit: -
Server:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP

To use a CA certificate with this command, you can add a certificate to the Velero deployment by running the following commands:

$ CA_CERT=$(oc -n openshift-adp get dataprotectionapplications.oadp.openshift.io <dpa-name> -o jsonpath='{.spec.backupLocations[0].velero.objectStorage.caCert}')

$ [[ -n $CA_CERT ]] && echo "$CA_CERT" | base64 -d | oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "cat > /tmp/your-cacert.txt" || echo "DPA BSL has no caCert"

$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert>.txt

To fetch the backup logs, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup logs  <backup_name>  --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert.txt>
```
You can use these logs to view failures and warnings for the resources that you cannot back up.
If the Velero pod restarts, the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file disappears, and you must re-create the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file by re-running the commands from the previous step.
You can check if the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file still exists, in the file location where you stored it, by running the following command:
```
$ oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "ls /tmp/your-cacert.txt"
/tmp/your-cacert.txt
```

In a future release of OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), we plan to mount the certificate to the Velero pod so that this step is not required.

4.6.7.4. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials.
If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secrets:
- Secret with a custom name for the backup location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
- Secret with another custom name for the snapshot location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.
Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp 1
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - aws 2
        - openshift 3
      resourceTimeout: 10m 4
    nodeAgent: 5
      enable: true 6
      uploaderType: kopia 7
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 8
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        config:
          profile: "default"
          region: <region_name> 9
          s3Url: <url> 10
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
        provider: aws
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials 11
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 12
          prefix: <prefix> 13
```
1
The default namespace for OADP is openshift-adp. The namespace is a variable and is configurable.
2
An object store plugin corresponding to your storage locations is required. For all S3 providers, the required plugin is aws. For Azure and GCP object stores, the azure or gcp plugin is required.
3
The openshift plugin is mandatory.
4
Specify how many minutes to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero CRD availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and backup repository availability. The default is 10m.
5
The administrative agent that routes the administrative requests to servers.
6
Set this value to true if you want to enable nodeAgent and perform File System Backup.
7
Enter kopia or restic as your uploader. You cannot change the selection after the installation. For the Built-in DataMover you must use Kopia. The nodeAgent deploys a daemon set, which means that the nodeAgent pods run on each working node. You can configure File System Backup by adding spec.defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true to the Backup CR.
8
Specify the nodes on which Kopia or Restic are available. By default, Kopia or Restic run on all nodes.
9
Specify the region, following the naming convention of the documentation of your object storage server.
10
Specify the URL of the S3 endpoint.
11
Specify the name of the Secret object that you created. If you do not specify this value, the default name, cloud-credentials, is used. If you specify a custom name, the custom name is used for the backup location.
12
Specify a bucket as the backup storage location. If the bucket is not a dedicated bucket for Velero backups, you must specify a prefix.
13
Specify a prefix for Velero backups, for example, velero, if the bucket is used for multiple purposes.
Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.6.7.5. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.7.5.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.7.5.2. Enabling CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR

You enable the Container Storage Interface (CSI) in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) in order to back up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots.

Prerequisites

The cloud provider must support CSI snapshots.

Procedure

Edit the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - csi 1

1: Add the csi default plugin.

4.6.7.5.3. Disabling the node agent in DataProtectionApplication

If you are not using Restic, Kopia, or DataMover for your backups, you can disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). Before you disable nodeAgent, ensure the OADP Operator is idle and not running any backups.

Procedure

To disable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to false. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: false  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Disables the node agent.
To enable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to true. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Enables the node agent.

You can set up a job to enable and disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication CR. For more information, see "Running tasks in pods using jobs".

Additional resources

4.6.8. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with OpenShift Data Foundation

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with OpenShift Data Foundation by installing the OADP Operator and configuring a backup location and a snapshot location. Then, you install the Data Protection Application.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

You can configure Multicloud Object Gateway or any AWS S3-compatible object storage as a backup location.

Important

The CloudStorage API, which automates the creation of a bucket for object storage, is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

You create a Secret for the backup location and then you install the Data Protection Application. For more details, see Installing the OADP Operator.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. For details, see Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments.

4.6.8.1. About backup and snapshot locations and their secrets

You specify backup and snapshot locations and their secrets in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).

Backup locations

You specify AWS S3-compatible object storage as a backup location, such as Multicloud Object Gateway; Red Hat Container Storage; Ceph RADOS Gateway, also known as Ceph Object Gateway; Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation; or MinIO.

Velero backs up OpenShift Container Platform resources, Kubernetes objects, and internal images as an archive file on object storage.

Snapshot locations

If you use your cloud provider’s native snapshot API to back up persistent volumes, you must specify the cloud provider as the snapshot location.

If you use Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, you do not need to specify a snapshot location because you will create a VolumeSnapshotClass CR to register the CSI driver.

If you use File System Backup (FSB), you do not need to specify a snapshot location because FSB backs up the file system on object storage.

Secrets

If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location, you create a default Secret.

If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you create two secret objects:

Custom Secret for the backup location, which you specify in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Default Secret for the snapshot location, which is not referenced in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Important

The Data Protection Application requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail.

If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file.

Additional resources

Creating an Object Bucket Claim using the OpenShift Web Console.

4.6.8.1.1. Creating a default Secret

You create a default Secret if your backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials or if you do not require a snapshot location.

The default name of the Secret is cloud-credentials, unless your backup storage provider has a default plugin, such as aws, azure, or gcp. In that case, the default name is specified in the provider-specific OADP installation procedure.

Note

The DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) requires a default Secret. Otherwise, the installation will fail. If the name of the backup location Secret is not specified, the default name is used.

If you do not want to use the backup location credentials during the installation, you can create a Secret with the default name by using an empty credentials-velero file.

Prerequisites

Your object storage and cloud storage, if any, must use the same credentials.
You must configure object storage for Velero.
You must create a credentials-velero file for the object storage in the appropriate format.

Procedure

Create a Secret with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

The Secret is referenced in the spec.backupLocations.credential block of the DataProtectionApplication CR when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.6.8.1.2. Creating secrets for different credentials

If your backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secret objects:

Backup location Secret with a custom name. The custom name is specified in the spec.backupLocations block of the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).
Snapshot location Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials. This Secret is not specified in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Create a credentials-velero file for the snapshot location in the appropriate format for your cloud provider.

Create a Secret for the snapshot location with the default name:

$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Create a credentials-velero file for the backup location in the appropriate format for your object storage.

Create a Secret for the backup location with a custom name:

$ oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero

Add the Secret with the custom name to the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
...
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: <provider>
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: <custom_secret> 1
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: <prefix>

1: Backup location Secret with custom name.

4.6.8.2. Configuring the Data Protection Application

You can configure the Data Protection Application by setting Velero resource allocations or enabling self-signed CA certificates.

4.6.8.2.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

Use the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint. Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

For more details, see Configuring node agents and node labels.

4.6.8.2.1.1. Adjusting Ceph CPU and memory requirements based on collected data

The following recommendations are based on observations of performance made in the scale and performance lab. The changes are specifically related to Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation (ODF). If working with ODF, consult the appropriate tuning guides for official recommendations.

4.6.8.2.1.1.1. CPU and memory requirement for configurations

Backup and restore operations require large amounts of CephFS PersistentVolumes (PVs). To avoid Ceph MDS pods restarting with an out-of-memory (OOM) error, the following configuration is suggested:

Configuration types	Request	Max limit
CPU	Request changed to 3	Max limit to 3
Memory	Request changed to 8 Gi	Max limit to 128 Gi

4.6.8.2.2. Enabling self-signed CA certificates

You must enable a self-signed CA certificate for object storage by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest to prevent a certificate signed by unknown authority error.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the spec.backupLocations.velero.objectStorage.caCert parameter and spec.backupLocations.velero.config parameters of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        provider: aws
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket>
          prefix: <prefix>
          caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "false" 2
# ...

1: Specify the Base64-encoded CA certificate string.
2: The insecureSkipTLSVerify configuration can be set to either "true" or "false". If set to "true", SSL/TLS security is disabled. If set to "false", SSL/TLS security is enabled.

4.6.8.2.2.1. Using CA certificates with the velero command aliased for Velero deployment

You might want to use the Velero CLI without installing it locally on your system by creating an alias for it.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

You must have the OpenShift CLI (oc) installed.

To use an aliased Velero command, run the following command:

$ alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'

Check that the alias is working by running the following command:

Example

$ velero version
Client:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP
	Git commit: -
Server:
	Version: v1.12.1-OADP

To use a CA certificate with this command, you can add a certificate to the Velero deployment by running the following commands:

$ CA_CERT=$(oc -n openshift-adp get dataprotectionapplications.oadp.openshift.io <dpa-name> -o jsonpath='{.spec.backupLocations[0].velero.objectStorage.caCert}')

$ [[ -n $CA_CERT ]] && echo "$CA_CERT" | base64 -d | oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "cat > /tmp/your-cacert.txt" || echo "DPA BSL has no caCert"

$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert>.txt

To fetch the backup logs, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup logs  <backup_name>  --cacert /tmp/<your_cacert.txt>
```
You can use these logs to view failures and warnings for the resources that you cannot back up.
If the Velero pod restarts, the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file disappears, and you must re-create the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file by re-running the commands from the previous step.
You can check if the /tmp/your-cacert.txt file still exists, in the file location where you stored it, by running the following command:
```
$ oc exec -n openshift-adp -i deploy/velero -c velero -- bash -c "ls /tmp/your-cacert.txt"
/tmp/your-cacert.txt
```

In a future release of OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), we plan to mount the certificate to the Velero pod so that this step is not required.

4.6.8.3. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials.
If the backup and snapshot locations use different credentials, you must create two Secrets:
- Secret with a custom name for the backup location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
- Secret with another custom name for the snapshot location. You add this Secret to the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.
Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp 1
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - aws 2
        - kubevirt 3
        - csi 4
        - openshift 5
      resourceTimeout: 10m 6
    nodeAgent: 7
      enable: true 8
      uploaderType: kopia 9
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 10
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: gcp 11
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: <default_secret> 12
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 13
          prefix: <prefix> 14
```
1
The default namespace for OADP is openshift-adp. The namespace is a variable and is configurable.
2
An object store plugin corresponding to your storage locations is required. For all S3 providers, the required plugin is aws. For Azure and GCP object stores, the azure or gcp plugin is required.
3
Optional: The kubevirt plugin is used with OpenShift Virtualization.
4
Specify the csi default plugin if you use CSI snapshots to back up PVs. The csi plugin uses the Velero CSI beta snapshot APIs. You do not need to configure a snapshot location.
5
The openshift plugin is mandatory.
6
Specify how many minutes to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero CRD availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and backup repository availability. The default is 10m.
7
The administrative agent that routes the administrative requests to servers.
8
Set this value to true if you want to enable nodeAgent and perform File System Backup.
9
Enter kopia or restic as your uploader. You cannot change the selection after the installation. For the Built-in DataMover you must use Kopia. The nodeAgent deploys a daemon set, which means that the nodeAgent pods run on each working node. You can configure File System Backup by adding spec.defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true to the Backup CR.
10
Specify the nodes on which Kopia or Restic are available. By default, Kopia or Restic run on all nodes.
11
Specify the backup provider.
12
Specify the correct default name for the Secret, for example, cloud-credentials-gcp, if you use a default plugin for the backup provider. If specifying a custom name, then the custom name is used for the backup location. If you do not specify a Secret name, the default name is used.
13
Specify a bucket as the backup storage location. If the bucket is not a dedicated bucket for Velero backups, you must specify a prefix.
14
Specify a prefix for Velero backups, for example, velero, if the bucket is used for multiple purposes.
Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

4.6.8.4. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.8.4.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.8.4.2. Creating an Object Bucket Claim for disaster recovery on OpenShift Data Foundation

If you use cluster storage for your Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) bucket backupStorageLocation on OpenShift Data Foundation, create an Object Bucket Claim (OBC) using the OpenShift Web Console.

Warning

Failure to configure an Object Bucket Claim (OBC) might lead to backups not being available.

Note

Unless specified otherwise, "NooBaa" refers to the open source project that provides lightweight object storage, while "Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG)" refers to the Red Hat distribution of NooBaa.

For more information on the MCG, see Accessing the Multicloud Object Gateway with your applications.

Procedure

Create an Object Bucket Claim (OBC) using the OpenShift web console as described in Creating an Object Bucket Claim using the OpenShift Web Console.

4.6.8.4.3. Enabling CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR

You enable the Container Storage Interface (CSI) in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) in order to back up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots.

Prerequisites

The cloud provider must support CSI snapshots.

Procedure

Edit the DataProtectionApplication CR, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - csi 1

1: Add the csi default plugin.

4.6.8.4.4. Disabling the node agent in DataProtectionApplication

If you are not using Restic, Kopia, or DataMover for your backups, you can disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). Before you disable nodeAgent, ensure the OADP Operator is idle and not running any backups.

Procedure

To disable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to false. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: false  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Disables the node agent.
To enable the nodeAgent, set the enable flag to true. See the following example:
Example DataProtectionApplication CR
```
# ...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true  1
    uploaderType: kopia
# ...
```
1
Enables the node agent.

You can set up a job to enable and disable the nodeAgent field in the DataProtectionApplication CR. For more information, see "Running tasks in pods using jobs".

Additional resources

4.6.9. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with OpenShift Virtualization

You can install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with OpenShift Virtualization by installing the OADP Operator and configuring a backup location. Then, you can install the Data Protection Application.

Back up and restore virtual machines by using the OpenShift API for Data Protection.

Note

OpenShift API for Data Protection with OpenShift Virtualization supports the following backup and restore storage options:

Container Storage Interface (CSI) backups
Container Storage Interface (CSI) backups with DataMover

The following storage options are excluded:

File system backup and restore
Volume snapshot backups and restores

For more information, see Backing up applications with File System Backup: Kopia or Restic.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. See Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments for details.

4.6.9.1. Installing and configuring OADP with OpenShift Virtualization

As a cluster administrator, you install OADP by installing the OADP Operator.

The latest version of the OADP Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Prerequisites

Access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

Install the OADP Operator according to the instructions for your storage provider.
Install the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the kubevirt and openshift OADP plugins.
Back up virtual machines by creating a Backup custom resource (CR).
Warning
Red Hat support is limited to only the following options:
- CSI backups
- CSI backups with DataMover.

You restore the Backup CR by creating a Restore CR.

Additional resources

4.6.9.2. Installing the Data Protection Application

You install the Data Protection Application (DPA) by creating an instance of the DataProtectionApplication API.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure object storage as a backup location.
If you use snapshots to back up PVs, your cloud provider must support either a native snapshot API or Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
If the backup and snapshot locations use the same credentials, you must create a Secret with the default name, cloud-credentials.
Note
If you do not want to specify backup or snapshot locations during the installation, you can create a default Secret with an empty credentials-velero file. If there is no default Secret, the installation will fail.

Procedure

Click Operators Installed Operators and select the OADP Operator.
Under Provided APIs, click Create instance in the DataProtectionApplication box.
Click YAML View and update the parameters of the DataProtectionApplication manifest:
```
apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
  namespace: openshift-adp 1
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
        - kubevirt 2
        - gcp 3
        - csi 4
        - openshift 5
      resourceTimeout: 10m 6
    nodeAgent: 7
      enable: true 8
      uploaderType: kopia 9
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 10
  backupLocations:
    - velero:
        provider: gcp 11
        default: true
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: <default_secret> 12
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name> 13
          prefix: <prefix> 14
```
1
The default namespace for OADP is openshift-adp. The namespace is a variable and is configurable.
2
The kubevirt plugin is mandatory for OpenShift Virtualization.
3
Specify the plugin for the backup provider, for example, gcp, if it exists.
4
The csi plugin is mandatory for backing up PVs with CSI snapshots. The csi plugin uses the Velero CSI beta snapshot APIs. You do not need to configure a snapshot location.
5
The openshift plugin is mandatory.
6
Specify how many minutes to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero CRD availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and backup repository availability. The default is 10m.
7
The administrative agent that routes the administrative requests to servers.
8
Set this value to true if you want to enable nodeAgent and perform File System Backup.
9
Enter kopia as your uploader to use the Built-in DataMover. The nodeAgent deploys a daemon set, which means that the nodeAgent pods run on each working node. You can configure File System Backup by adding spec.defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true to the Backup CR.
10
Specify the nodes on which Kopia are available. By default, Kopia runs on all nodes.
11
Specify the backup provider.
12
Specify the correct default name for the Secret, for example, cloud-credentials-gcp, if you use a default plugin for the backup provider. If specifying a custom name, then the custom name is used for the backup location. If you do not specify a Secret name, the default name is used.
13
Specify a bucket as the backup storage location. If the bucket is not a dedicated bucket for Velero backups, you must specify a prefix.
14
Specify a prefix for Velero backups, for example, velero, if the bucket is used for multiple purposes.
Click Create.

Verification

Verify the installation by viewing the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) resources by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8    2/2     Running   0          2m8s
pod/node-agent-9cq4q                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-m4lts                                     1/1     Running   0          94s
pod/node-agent-pv4kr                                     1/1     Running   0          95s
pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v                              1/1     Running   0          95s

NAME                                                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service   ClusterIP   172.30.70.140    <none>        8443/TCP   2m8s
service/openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc                   ClusterIP   172.30.10.0      <none>        8085/TCP   8h

NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/node-agent    3         3         3       3            3           <none>          96s

NAME                                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager    1/1     1            1           2m9s
deployment.apps/velero                              1/1     1            1           96s

NAME                                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47    1         1         1       2m9s
replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655                              1         1         1       96s

Verify that the DataProtectionApplication (DPA) is reconciled by running the following command:

$ oc get dpa dpa-sample -n openshift-adp -o jsonpath='{.status}'

Example output

{"conditions":[{"lastTransitionTime":"2023-10-27T01:23:57Z","message":"Reconcile complete","reason":"Complete","status":"True","type":"Reconciled"}]}

Verify the type is set to Reconciled.

Verify the backup storage location and confirm that the PHASE is Available by running the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocation -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME           PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
dpa-sample-1   Available   1s               3d16h   true

Warning

If you run a backup of a Microsoft Windows virtual machine (VM) immediately after the VM reboots, the backup might fail with a PartiallyFailed error. This is because, immediately after a VM boots, the Microsoft Windows Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) and Guest Agent (GA) service are not ready. The VSS and GA service being unready causes the backup to fail. In such a case, retry the backup a few minutes after the VM boots.

4.6.9.3. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

The burst setting determines how many requests can be sent to the velero server before the limit is applied. After the burst limit is reached, the queries per second (QPS) setting determines how many additional requests can be sent per second.

You can set the burst and QPS values of the velero server by configuring the Data Protection Application (DPA) with the burst and QPS values. You can use the dpa.configuration.velero.client-burst and dpa.configuration.velero.client-qps fields of the DPA to set the burst and QPS values.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

Configure the client-burst and the client-qps fields in the DPA as shown in the following example:

Example Data Protection Application

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: test-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
    - name: default
      velero:
        config:
          insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
          profile: "default"
          region: <bucket_region>
          s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
          s3Url: <bucket_url>
        credential:
          key: cloud
          name: cloud-credentials
        default: true
        objectStorage:
          bucket: <bucket_name>
          prefix: velero
        provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
    velero:
      client-burst: 500 1
      client-qps: 300 2
      defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - kubevirt

1: Specify the client-burst value. In this example, the client-burst field is set to 500.
2: Specify the client-qps value. In this example, the client-qps field is set to 300.

4.6.9.3.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

4.6.9.4. About incremental back up support

OADP supports incremental backups of block and Filesystem persistent volumes for both containerized, and OpenShift Virtualization workloads. The following table summarizes the support for File System Backup (FSB), Container Storage Interface (CSI), and CSI Data Mover:

Table 4.4. OADP backup support matrix for containerized workloads
Volume mode	FSB - Restic	FSB - Kopia	CSI	CSI Data Mover
Filesystem	S ^[1], I ^[2]	S ^[1], I ^[2]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]
Block	N ^[3]	N ^[3]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]

Table 4.5. OADP backup support matrix for OpenShift Virtualization workloads
Volume mode	FSB - Restic	FSB - Kopia	CSI	CSI Data Mover
Filesystem	N ^[3]	N ^[3]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]
Block	N ^[3]	N ^[3]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]

Backup supported
Incremental backup supported
Not supported

Note

The CSI Data Mover backups use Kopia regardless of uploaderType.

Important

Red Hat only supports the combination of OADP versions 1.3.0 and later, and OpenShift Virtualization versions 4.14 and later.

OADP versions before 1.3.0 are not supported for back up and restore of OpenShift Virtualization.

4.6.10. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with more than one Backup Storage Location

You can configure one or more backup storage locations (BSLs) in the Data Protection Application (DPA). You can also select the location to store the backup in when you create the backup. With this configuration, you can store your backups in the following ways:

To different regions
To a different storage provider

OADP supports multiple credentials for configuring more than one BSL, so that you can specify the credentials to use with any BSL.

4.6.10.1. Configuring the DPA with more than one BSL

You can configure the DPA with more than one BSL and specify the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must create the secrets by using the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Procedure

Configure the DPA with more than one BSL. See the following example.

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
#...
backupLocations:
  - name: aws 1
    velero:
      provider: aws
      default: true 2
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name> 3
        prefix: <prefix> 4
      config:
        region: <region_name> 5
        profile: "default"
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: cloud-credentials 6
  - name: odf 7
    velero:
      provider: aws
      default: false
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name>
        prefix: <prefix>
      config:
        profile: "default"
        region: <region_name>
        s3Url: <url> 8
        insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
        s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: <custom_secret_name_odf> 9
#...

1: Specify a name for the first BSL.
2: This parameter indicates that this BSL is the default BSL. If a BSL is not set in the Backup CR, the default BSL is used. You can set only one BSL as the default.
3: Specify the bucket name.
4: Specify a prefix for Velero backups; for example, velero.
5: Specify the AWS region for the bucket.
6: Specify the name of the default Secret object that you created.
7: Specify a name for the second BSL.
8: Specify the URL of the S3 endpoint.
9: Specify the correct name for the Secret; for example, custom_secret_name_odf. If you do not specify a Secret name, the default name is used.

Specify the BSL to be used in the backup CR. See the following example.

Example backup CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
# ...
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <namespace> 1
  storageLocation: <backup_storage_location> 2
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true

1: Specify the namespace to back up.
2: Specify the storage location.

4.6.10.2. OADP use case for two BSLs

In this use case, you configure the DPA with two storage locations by using two cloud credentials. You back up an application with a database by using the default BSL. OADP stores the backup resources in the default BSL. You then backup the application again by using the second BSL.

Prerequisites

You must install the OADP Operator.
You must configure two backup storage locations: AWS S3 and Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG).
You must have an application with a database deployed on a Red Hat OpenShift cluster.

Procedure

Create the first Secret for the AWS S3 storage provider with the default name by running the following command:
```
$ oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=<aws_credentials_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the cloud credentials file for AWS S3.
Create the second Secret for MCG with a custom name by running the following command:
```
$ oc create secret generic mcg-secret -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=<MCG_credentials_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the cloud credentials file for MCG. Note the name of the mcg-secret custom secret.

Configure the DPA with the two BSLs as shown in the following example.

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: two-bsl-dpa
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupLocations:
  - name: aws
    velero:
      config:
        profile: default
        region: <region_name> 1
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: cloud-credentials
      default: true
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name> 2
        prefix: velero
      provider: aws
  - name: mcg
    velero:
      config:
        insecureSkipTLSVerify: "true"
        profile: noobaa
        region: <region_name> 3
        s3ForcePathStyle: "true"
        s3Url: <s3_url> 4
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: mcg-secret 5
      objectStorage:
        bucket: <bucket_name_mcg> 6
        prefix: velero
      provider: aws
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: kopia
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - aws

1: Specify the AWS region for the bucket.
2: Specify the AWS S3 bucket name.
3: Specify the region, following the naming convention of the documentation of MCG.
4: Specify the URL of the S3 endpoint for MCG.
5: Specify the name of the custom secret for MCG storage.
6: Specify the MCG bucket name.

Create the DPA by running the following command:
```
$ oc create -f <dpa_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the file name of the DPA you configured.
Verify that the DPA has reconciled by running the following command:
```
$ oc get dpa -o yaml
```

Verify that the BSLs are available by running the following command:

$ oc get bsl

Example output

NAME   PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE     DEFAULT
aws    Available   5s               3m28s   true
mcg    Available   5s               3m28s

Create a backup CR with the default BSL.
Note
In the following example, the storageLocation field is not specified in the backup CR.
Example backup CR
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: test-backup1
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <mysql_namespace> 1
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true
```
1
Specify the namespace for the application installed in the cluster.
Create a backup by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <backup_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup CR file.
Verify that the backup completed with the default BSL by running the following command:
```
$ oc get backup <backup_name> -o yaml 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup.
Create a backup CR by using MCG as the BSL. In the following example, note that the second storageLocation value is specified at the time of backup CR creation.
Example backup CR
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: test-backup1
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <mysql_namespace> 1
  storageLocation: mcg 2
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true
```
1
Specify the namespace for the application installed in the cluster.
2
Specify the second storage location.
Create a second backup by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <backup_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup CR file.
Verify that the backup completed with the storage location as MCG by running the following command:
```
$ oc get backup <backup_name> -o yaml 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup.

Additional resources

Creating profiles for different credentials

4.6.11. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with more than one Volume Snapshot Location

You can configure one or more Volume Snapshot Locations (VSLs) to store the snapshots in different cloud provider regions.

4.6.11.1. Configuring the DPA with more than one VSL

You configure the DPA with more than one VSL and specify the credentials provided by the cloud provider. Make sure that you configure the snapshot location in the same region as the persistent volumes. See the following example.

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
#...
snapshotLocations:
  - velero:
      config:
        profile: default
        region: <region> 1
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: cloud-credentials
      provider: aws
  - velero:
      config:
        profile: default
        region: <region>
      credential:
        key: cloud
        name: <custom_credential> 2
      provider: aws
#...

1: Specify the region. The snapshot location must be in the same region as the persistent volumes.
2: Specify the custom credential name.

4.7. Uninstalling OADP

4.7.1. Uninstalling the OpenShift API for Data Protection

You uninstall the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) by deleting the OADP Operator. See Deleting Operators from a cluster for details.

4.8. OADP backing up

4.8.1. Backing up applications

Frequent backups might consume storage on the backup storage location. Check the frequency of backups, retention time, and the amount of data of the persistent volumes (PVs) if using non-local backups, for example, S3 buckets. Because all taken backup remains until expired, also check the time to live (TTL) setting of the schedule.

You can back up applications by creating a Backup custom resource (CR). For more information, see Creating a Backup CR.

The Backup CR creates backup files for Kubernetes resources and internal images on S3 object storage.
If your cloud provider has a native snapshot API or supports CSI snapshots, the Backup CR backs up persistent volumes (PVs) by creating snapshots. For more information about working with CSI snapshots, see Backing up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots.

For more information about CSI volume snapshots, see CSI volume snapshots.

Important

The CloudStorage API, which automates the creation of a bucket for object storage, is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Note

The CloudStorage API is a Technology Preview feature when you use a CloudStorage object and want OADP to use the CloudStorage API to automatically create an S3 bucket for use as a BackupStorageLocation.

The CloudStorage API supports manually creating a BackupStorageLocation object by specifying an existing S3 bucket. The CloudStorage API that creates an S3 bucket automatically is currently only enabled for AWS S3 storage.

If your cloud provider does not support snapshots or if your applications are on NFS data volumes, you can create backups by using Kopia or Restic. See Backing up applications with File System Backup: Kopia or Restic.

PodVolumeRestore fails with a …/.snapshot: read-only file system error

The …/.snapshot directory is a snapshot copy directory, which is used by several NFS servers. This directory has read-only access by default, so Velero cannot restore to this directory.

Do not give Velero write access to the .snapshot directory, and disable client access to this directory.

Additional resources

Important

The OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) does not support backing up volume snapshots that were created by other software.

4.8.1.1. Previewing resources before running backup and restore

OADP backs up application resources based on the type, namespace, or label. This means that you can view the resources after the backup is complete. Similarly, you can view the restored objects based on the namespace, persistent volume (PV), or label after a restore operation is complete. To preview the resources in advance, you can do a dry run of the backup and restore operations.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

To preview the resources included in the backup before running the actual backup, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup create <backup-name> --snapshot-volumes false 1
```
1
Specify the value of --snapshot-volumes parameter as false.
To know more details about the backup resources, run the following command:
```
$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup.
To preview the resources included in the restore before running the actual restore, run the following command:
```
$ velero restore create --from-backup <backup-name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup created to review the backup resources.
Important
The velero restore create command creates restore resources in the cluster. You must delete the resources created as part of the restore, after you review the resources.
To know more details about the restore resources, run the following command:
```
$ velero describe restore <restore_name> --details 1
```
1
Specify the name of the restore.

You can create backup hooks to run commands before or after the backup operation. See Creating backup hooks.

You can schedule backups by creating a Schedule CR instead of a Backup CR. See Scheduling backups using Schedule CR.

4.8.1.2. Known issues

OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 enforces a pod security admission (PSA) policy that can hinder the readiness of pods during a Restic restore process.

This issue has been resolved in the OADP 1.1.6 and OADP 1.2.2 releases, therefore it is recommended that users upgrade to these releases.

For more information, see Restic restore partially failing on OCP 4.15 due to changed PSA policy.

Additional resources

4.8.2. Creating a Backup CR

You back up Kubernetes resources, internal images, and persistent volumes (PVs) by creating a Backup custom resource (CR).

Prerequisites

You must install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator.
The DataProtectionApplication CR must be in a Ready state.
Backup location prerequisites:
- You must have S3 object storage configured for Velero.
- You must have a backup location configured in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
Snapshot location prerequisites:
- Your cloud provider must have a native snapshot API or support Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.
- For CSI snapshots, you must create a VolumeSnapshotClass CR to register the CSI driver.
- You must have a volume location configured in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Retrieve the backupStorageLocations CRs by entering the following command:

$ oc get backupStorageLocations -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAMESPACE       NAME              PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE   DEFAULT
openshift-adp   velero-sample-1   Available   11s              31m

Create a Backup CR, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: <backup>
  labels:
    velero.io/storage-location: default
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  hooks: {}
  includedNamespaces:
  - <namespace> 1
  includedResources: [] 2
  excludedResources: [] 3
  storageLocation: <velero-sample-1> 4
  ttl: 720h0m0s
  labelSelector: 5
    matchLabels:
      app: <label_1>
      app: <label_2>
      app: <label_3>
  orLabelSelectors: 6
  - matchLabels:
      app: <label_1>
      app: <label_2>
      app: <label_3>
```
1
Specify an array of namespaces to back up.
2
Optional: Specify an array of resources to include in the backup. Resources might be shortcuts (for example, 'po' for 'pods') or fully-qualified. If unspecified, all resources are included.
3
Optional: Specify an array of resources to exclude from the backup. Resources might be shortcuts (for example, 'po' for 'pods') or fully-qualified.
4
Specify the name of the backupStorageLocations CR.
5
Map of {key,value} pairs of backup resources that have all the specified labels.
6
Map of {key,value} pairs of backup resources that have one or more of the specified labels.

Verify that the status of the Backup CR is Completed:

$ oc get backup -n openshift-adp <backup> -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}'

4.8.3. Backing up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots

You back up persistent volumes with Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots by editing the VolumeSnapshotClass custom resource (CR) of the cloud storage before you create the Backup CR, see CSI volume snapshots.

For more information, see Creating a Backup CR.

Prerequisites

The cloud provider must support CSI snapshots.
You must enable CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Procedure

Add the metadata.labels.velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class: "true" key-value pair to the VolumeSnapshotClass CR:
Example configuration file
```
apiVersion: snapshot.storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: VolumeSnapshotClass
metadata:
  name: <volume_snapshot_class_name>
  labels:
    velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class: "true" 1
  annotations:
    snapshot.storage.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: true 2
driver: <csi_driver>
deletionPolicy: <deletion_policy_type> 3
```
1
Must be set to true.
2
Must be set to true.
3
OADP supports the Retain and Delete deletion policy types for CSI and Data Mover backup and restore. For the OADP 1.2 Data Mover, set the deletion policy type to Retain.

Next steps

You can now create a Backup CR.

4.8.4. Backing up applications with File System Backup: Kopia or Restic

You can use OADP to back up and restore Kubernetes volumes attached to pods from the file system of the volumes. This process is called File System Backup (FSB) or Pod Volume Backup (PVB). It is accomplished by using modules from the open source backup tools Restic or Kopia.

If your cloud provider does not support snapshots or if your applications are on NFS data volumes, you can create backups by using FSB.

Note

Restic is installed by the OADP Operator by default. If you prefer, you can install Kopia instead.

FSB integration with OADP provides a solution for backing up and restoring almost any type of Kubernetes volumes. This integration is an additional capability of OADP and is not a replacement for existing functionality.

You back up Kubernetes resources, internal images, and persistent volumes with Kopia or Restic by editing the Backup custom resource (CR).

You do not need to specify a snapshot location in the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Note

In OADP version 1.3 and later, you can use either Kopia or Restic for backing up applications.

For the Built-in DataMover, you must use Kopia.

In OADP version 1.2 and earlier, you can only use Restic for backing up applications.

Important

FSB does not support backing up hostPath volumes. For more information, see FSB limitations.

PodVolumeRestore fails with a …/.snapshot: read-only file system error

The …/.snapshot directory is a snapshot copy directory, which is used by several NFS servers. This directory has read-only access by default, so Velero cannot restore to this directory.

Do not give Velero write access to the .snapshot directory, and disable client access to this directory.

Additional resources

Prerequisites

You must install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator.
You must not disable the default nodeAgent installation by setting spec.configuration.nodeAgent.enable to false in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
You must select Kopia or Restic as the uploader by setting spec.configuration.nodeAgent.uploaderType to kopia or restic in the DataProtectionApplication CR.
The DataProtectionApplication CR must be in a Ready state.

Procedure

Create the Backup CR, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: <backup>
  labels:
    velero.io/storage-location: default
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true 1
...
```
1
In OADP version 1.2 and later, add the defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true setting within the spec block. In OADP version 1.1, add defaultVolumesToRestic: true.

4.8.5. Creating backup hooks

When performing a backup, it is possible to specify one or more commands to execute in a container within a pod, based on the pod being backed up.

The commands can be configured to performed before any custom action processing (Pre hooks), or after all custom actions have been completed and any additional items specified by the custom action have been backed up (Post hooks).

You create backup hooks to run commands in a container in a pod by editing the Backup custom resource (CR).

Procedure

Add a hook to the spec.hooks block of the Backup CR, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: <backup>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  hooks:
    resources:
      - name: <hook_name>
        includedNamespaces:
        - <namespace> 1
        excludedNamespaces: 2
        - <namespace>
        includedResources: []
        - pods 3
        excludedResources: [] 4
        labelSelector: 5
          matchLabels:
            app: velero
            component: server
        pre: 6
          - exec:
              container: <container> 7
              command:
              - /bin/uname 8
              - -a
              onError: Fail 9
              timeout: 30s 10
        post: 11
...
```
1
Optional: You can specify namespaces to which the hook applies. If this value is not specified, the hook applies to all namespaces.
2
Optional: You can specify namespaces to which the hook does not apply.
3
Currently, pods are the only supported resource that hooks can apply to.
4
Optional: You can specify resources to which the hook does not apply.
5
Optional: This hook only applies to objects matching the label. If this value is not specified, the hook applies to all objects.
6
Array of hooks to run before the backup.
7
Optional: If the container is not specified, the command runs in the first container in the pod.
8
This is the entry point for the init container being added.
9
Allowed values for error handling are Fail and Continue. The default is Fail.
10
Optional: How long to wait for the commands to run. The default is 30s.
11
This block defines an array of hooks to run after the backup, with the same parameters as the pre-backup hooks.

4.8.6. Scheduling backups using Schedule CR

The schedule operation allows you to create a backup of your data at a particular time, specified by a Cron expression.

You schedule backups by creating a Schedule custom resource (CR) instead of a Backup CR.

Warning

Leave enough time in your backup schedule for a backup to finish before another backup is created.

For example, if a backup of a namespace typically takes 10 minutes, do not schedule backups more frequently than every 15 minutes.

Prerequisites

You must install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator.
The DataProtectionApplication CR must be in a Ready state.

Procedure

Retrieve the backupStorageLocations CRs:

$ oc get backupStorageLocations -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAMESPACE       NAME              PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE   DEFAULT
openshift-adp   velero-sample-1   Available   11s              31m

Create a Schedule CR, as in the following example:

$ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Schedule
metadata:
  name: <schedule>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  schedule: 0 7 * * * 1
  template:
    hooks: {}
    includedNamespaces:
    - <namespace> 2
    storageLocation: <velero-sample-1> 3
    defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true 4
    ttl: 720h0m0s
EOF

1

cron expression to schedule the backup, for example, 0 7 * * * to perform a backup every day at 7:00.

Note

To schedule a backup at specific intervals, enter the <duration_in_minutes> in the following format:

  schedule: "*/10 * * * *"

Enter the minutes value between quotation marks (" ").

2

Array of namespaces to back up.

3

Name of the backupStorageLocations CR.

4

Optional: In OADP version 1.2 and later, add the defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true key-value pair to your configuration when performing backups of volumes with Restic. In OADP version 1.1, add the defaultVolumesToRestic: true key-value pair when you back up volumes with Restic.

Verify that the status of the Schedule CR is Completed after the scheduled backup runs:
```
$ oc get schedule -n openshift-adp <schedule> -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}'
```

4.8.7. Deleting backups

You can remove backup files by deleting the Backup custom resource (CR).

Warning

After you delete the Backup CR and the associated object storage data, you cannot recover the deleted data.

Prerequisites

You created a Backup CR.
You know the name of the Backup CR and the namespace that contains it.
You downloaded the Velero CLI tool.
You can access the Velero binary in your cluster.

Procedure

Choose one of the following actions to delete the Backup CR:
- To delete the Backup CR and keep the associated object storage data, run the following command:
```
$ oc delete backup <backup_CR_name> -n <velero_namespace>
```
- To delete the Backup CR and delete the associated object storage data, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup delete <backup_CR_name> -n <velero_namespace>
```
  Where:
  <backup_CR_name>
  The name of the Backup custom resource.
  <velero_namespace>
  The namespace that contains the Backup custom resource.

4.8.8. About Kopia

Kopia is a fast and secure open-source backup and restore tool that allows you to create encrypted snapshots of your data and save the snapshots to remote or cloud storage of your choice.

Kopia supports network and local storage locations, and many cloud or remote storage locations, including:

Amazon S3 and any cloud storage that is compatible with S3
Azure Blob Storage
Google Cloud Storage platform

Kopia uses content-addressable storage for snapshots:

Snapshots are always incremental; data that is already included in previous snapshots is not re-uploaded to the repository. A file is only uploaded to the repository again if it is modified.
Stored data is deduplicated; if multiple copies of the same file exist, only one of them is stored.
If files are moved or renamed, Kopia can recognize that they have the same content and does not upload them again.

4.8.8.1. OADP integration with Kopia

OADP 1.3 supports Kopia as the backup mechanism for pod volume backup in addition to Restic. You must choose one or the other at installation by setting the uploaderType field in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). The possible values are restic or kopia. If you do not specify an uploaderType, OADP 1.3 defaults to using Kopia as the backup mechanism. The data is written to and read from a unified repository.

The following example shows a DataProtectionApplication CR configured for using Kopia:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: dpa-sample
spec:
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: kopia
# ...

4.9. OADP restoring

4.9.1. Restoring applications

You restore application backups by creating a Restore custom resource (CR). See Creating a Restore CR.

You can create restore hooks to run commands in a container in a pod by editing the Restore CR. See Creating restore hooks.

4.9.1.1. Previewing resources before running backup and restore

OADP backs up application resources based on the type, namespace, or label. This means that you can view the resources after the backup is complete. Similarly, you can view the restored objects based on the namespace, persistent volume (PV), or label after a restore operation is complete. To preview the resources in advance, you can do a dry run of the backup and restore operations.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.

Procedure

To preview the resources included in the backup before running the actual backup, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup create <backup-name> --snapshot-volumes false 1
```
1
Specify the value of --snapshot-volumes parameter as false.
To know more details about the backup resources, run the following command:
```
$ velero describe backup <backup_name> --details 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup.
To preview the resources included in the restore before running the actual restore, run the following command:
```
$ velero restore create --from-backup <backup-name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup created to review the backup resources.
Important
The velero restore create command creates restore resources in the cluster. You must delete the resources created as part of the restore, after you review the resources.
To know more details about the restore resources, run the following command:
```
$ velero describe restore <restore_name> --details 1
```
1
Specify the name of the restore.

4.9.1.2. Creating a Restore CR

You restore a Backup custom resource (CR) by creating a Restore CR.

Prerequisites

You must install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator.
The DataProtectionApplication CR must be in a Ready state.
You must have a Velero Backup CR.
The persistent volume (PV) capacity must match the requested size at backup time. Adjust the requested size if needed.

Procedure

Create a Restore CR, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Restore
metadata:
  name: <restore>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupName: <backup> 1
  includedResources: [] 2
  excludedResources:
  - nodes
  - events
  - events.events.k8s.io
  - backups.velero.io
  - restores.velero.io
  - resticrepositories.velero.io
  restorePVs: true 3
```
1
Name of the Backup CR.
2
Optional: Specify an array of resources to include in the restore process. Resources might be shortcuts (for example, po for pods) or fully-qualified. If unspecified, all resources are included.
3
Optional: The restorePVs parameter can be set to false to turn off restore of PersistentVolumes from VolumeSnapshot of Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots or from native snapshots when VolumeSnapshotLocation is configured.
Verify that the status of the Restore CR is Completed by entering the following command:
```
$ oc get restore -n openshift-adp <restore> -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}'
```
Verify that the backup resources have been restored by entering the following command:
```
$ oc get all -n <namespace> 1
```
1
Namespace that you backed up.

If you restore DeploymentConfig with volumes or if you use post-restore hooks, run the dc-post-restore.sh cleanup script by entering the following command:

$ bash dc-restic-post-restore.sh -> dc-post-restore.sh

Note

During the restore process, the OADP Velero plug-ins scale down the DeploymentConfig objects and restore the pods as standalone pods. This is done to prevent the cluster from deleting the restored DeploymentConfig pods immediately on restore and to allow the restore and post-restore hooks to complete their actions on the restored pods. The cleanup script shown below removes these disconnected pods and scales any DeploymentConfig objects back up to the appropriate number of replicas.

Example 4.1. dc-restic-post-restore.sh dc-post-restore.sh cleanup script

#!/bin/bash
set -e

# if sha256sum exists, use it to check the integrity of the file
if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  CHECKSUM_CMD="sha256sum"
else
  CHECKSUM_CMD="shasum -a 256"
fi

label_name () {
    if [ "${#1}" -le "63" ]; then
	echo $1
	return
    fi
    sha=$(echo -n $1|$CHECKSUM_CMD)
    echo "${1:0:57}${sha:0:6}"
}

if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then
    echo "usage: ${BASH_SOURCE} restore-name"
    exit 1
fi

echo "restore: $1"

label=$(label_name $1)
echo "label:   $label"

echo Deleting disconnected restore pods
oc delete pods --all-namespaces -l oadp.openshift.io/disconnected-from-dc=$label

for dc in $(oc get dc --all-namespaces -l oadp.openshift.io/replicas-modified=$label -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace}{","}{.metadata.name}{","}{.metadata.annotations.oadp\.openshift\.io/original-replicas}{","}{.metadata.annotations.oadp\.openshift\.io/original-paused}{"\n"}')
do
    IFS=',' read -ra dc_arr <<< "$dc"
    if [ ${#dc_arr[0]} -gt 0 ]; then
	echo Found deployment ${dc_arr[0]}/${dc_arr[1]}, setting replicas: ${dc_arr[2]}, paused: ${dc_arr[3]}
	cat <<EOF | oc patch dc  -n ${dc_arr[0]} ${dc_arr[1]} --patch-file /dev/stdin
spec:
  replicas: ${dc_arr[2]}
  paused: ${dc_arr[3]}
EOF
    fi
done

4.9.1.3. Creating restore hooks

You create restore hooks to run commands in a container in a pod by editing the Restore custom resource (CR).

You can create two types of restore hooks:

An init hook adds an init container to a pod to perform setup tasks before the application container starts.
If you restore a Restic backup, the restic-wait init container is added before the restore hook init container.
An exec hook runs commands or scripts in a container of a restored pod.

Procedure

Add a hook to the spec.hooks block of the Restore CR, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Restore
metadata:
  name: <restore>
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  hooks:
    resources:
      - name: <hook_name>
        includedNamespaces:
        - <namespace> 1
        excludedNamespaces:
        - <namespace>
        includedResources:
        - pods 2
        excludedResources: []
        labelSelector: 3
          matchLabels:
            app: velero
            component: server
        postHooks:
        - init:
            initContainers:
            - name: restore-hook-init
              image: alpine:latest
              volumeMounts:
              - mountPath: /restores/pvc1-vm
                name: pvc1-vm
              command:
              - /bin/ash
              - -c
            timeout: 4
        - exec:
            container: <container> 5
            command:
            - /bin/bash 6
            - -c
            - "psql < /backup/backup.sql"
            waitTimeout: 5m 7
            execTimeout: 1m 8
            onError: Continue 9
```
1
Optional: Array of namespaces to which the hook applies. If this value is not specified, the hook applies to all namespaces.
2
Currently, pods are the only supported resource that hooks can apply to.
3
Optional: This hook only applies to objects matching the label selector.
4
Optional: Timeout specifies the maximum length of time Velero waits for initContainers to complete.
5
Optional: If the container is not specified, the command runs in the first container in the pod.
6
This is the entrypoint for the init container being added.
7
Optional: How long to wait for a container to become ready. This should be long enough for the container to start and for any preceding hooks in the same container to complete. If not set, the restore process waits indefinitely.
8
Optional: How long to wait for the commands to run. The default is 30s.
9
Allowed values for error handling are Fail and Continue:
Continue: Only command failures are logged.
Fail: No more restore hooks run in any container in any pod. The status of the Restore CR will be PartiallyFailed.

Important

During a File System Backup (FSB) restore operation, a Deployment resource referencing an ImageStream is not restored properly. The restored pod that runs the FSB, and the postHook is terminated prematurely.

This happens because, during the restore operation, OpenShift controller updates the spec.template.spec.containers[0].image field in the Deployment resource with an updated ImageStreamTag hash. The update triggers the rollout of a new pod, terminating the pod on which velero runs the FSB and the post restore hook. For more information about image stream trigger, see "Triggering updates on image stream changes".

The workaround for this behavior is a two-step restore process:

First, perform a restore excluding the Deployment resources, for example:

$ velero restore create <RESTORE_NAME> \
  --from-backup <BACKUP_NAME> \
  --exclude-resources=deployment.apps

After the first restore is successful, perform a second restore by including these resources, for example:

$ velero restore create <RESTORE_NAME> \
  --from-backup <BACKUP_NAME> \
  --include-resources=deployment.apps

Additional resources

Triggering updates on image stream changes

4.10. OADP and ROSA

4.10.1. Backing up applications on ROSA clusters using OADP

You can use OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) clusters to back up and restore application data.

ROSA is a fully-managed, turnkey application platform that allows you to deliver value to your customers by building and deploying applications.

ROSA provides seamless integration with a wide range of Amazon Web Services (AWS) compute, database, analytics, machine learning, networking, mobile, and other services to speed up the building and delivery of differentiating experiences to your customers.

You can subscribe to the service directly from your AWS account.

After you create your clusters, you can operate your clusters with the OpenShift Container Platform web console or through Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. You can also use ROSA with OpenShift APIs and command-line interface (CLI) tools.

For additional information about ROSA installation, see Installing Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) interactive walkthrough.

Before installing OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), you must set up role and policy credentials for OADP so that it can use the Amazon Web Services API.

This process is performed in the following two stages:

Prepare AWS credentials
Install the OADP Operator and give it an IAM role

4.10.1.1. Preparing AWS credentials for OADP

An Amazon Web Services account must be prepared and configured to accept an OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) installation.

Procedure

Create the following environment variables by running the following commands:

Important

Change the cluster name to match your ROSA cluster, and ensure you are logged into the cluster as an administrator. Ensure that all fields are outputted correctly before continuing.

$ export CLUSTER_NAME=my-cluster 1
  export ROSA_CLUSTER_ID=$(rosa describe cluster -c ${CLUSTER_NAME} --output json | jq -r .id)
  export REGION=$(rosa describe cluster -c ${CLUSTER_NAME} --output json | jq -r .region.id)
  export OIDC_ENDPOINT=$(oc get authentication.config.openshift.io cluster -o jsonpath='{.spec.serviceAccountIssuer}' | sed 's|^https://||')
  export AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)
  export CLUSTER_VERSION=$(rosa describe cluster -c ${CLUSTER_NAME} -o json | jq -r .version.raw_id | cut -f -2 -d '.')
  export ROLE_NAME="${CLUSTER_NAME}-openshift-oadp-aws-cloud-credentials"
  export SCRATCH="/tmp/${CLUSTER_NAME}/oadp"
  mkdir -p ${SCRATCH}
  echo "Cluster ID: ${ROSA_CLUSTER_ID}, Region: ${REGION}, OIDC Endpoint:
  ${OIDC_ENDPOINT}, AWS Account ID: ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}"

1: Replace my-cluster with your ROSA cluster name.

On the AWS account, create an IAM policy to allow access to AWS S3:

Check to see if the policy exists by running the following command:

$ POLICY_ARN=$(aws iam list-policies --query "Policies[?PolicyName=='RosaOadpVer1'].{ARN:Arn}" --output text) 1

1: Replace RosaOadp with your policy name.

Enter the following command to create the policy JSON file and then create the policy in ROSA:

Note

If the policy ARN is not found, the command creates the policy. If the policy ARN already exists, the if statement intentionally skips the policy creation.

$ if [[ -z "${POLICY_ARN}" ]]; then
  cat << EOF > ${SCRATCH}/policy.json 1
  {
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:CreateBucket",
        "s3:DeleteBucket",
        "s3:PutBucketTagging",
        "s3:GetBucketTagging",
        "s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration",
        "s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration",
        "s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration",
        "s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration",
        "s3:GetBucketLocation",
        "s3:ListBucket",
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject",
        "s3:DeleteObject",
        "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads",
        "s3:AbortMultipartUploads",
        "s3:ListMultipartUploadParts",
        "s3:DescribeSnapshots",
        "ec2:DescribeVolumes",
        "ec2:DescribeVolumeAttribute",
        "ec2:DescribeVolumesModifications",
        "ec2:DescribeVolumeStatus",
        "ec2:CreateTags",
        "ec2:CreateVolume",
        "ec2:CreateSnapshot",
        "ec2:DeleteSnapshot"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
   ]}
EOF

  POLICY_ARN=$(aws iam create-policy --policy-name "RosaOadpVer1" \
  --policy-document file:///${SCRATCH}/policy.json --query Policy.Arn \
  --tags Key=rosa_openshift_version,Value=${CLUSTER_VERSION} Key=rosa_role_prefix,Value=ManagedOpenShift Key=operator_namespace,Value=openshift-oadp Key=operator_name,Value=openshift-oadp \
  --output text)
  fi

1: SCRATCH is a name for a temporary directory created for the environment variables.

View the policy ARN by running the following command:
```
$ echo ${POLICY_ARN}
```

Create an IAM role trust policy for the cluster:

Create the trust policy file by running the following command:

$ cat <<EOF > ${SCRATCH}/trust-policy.json
  {
      "Version":2012-10-17",
      "Statement": [{
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Principal": {
          "Federated": "arn:aws:iam::${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}:oidc-provider/${OIDC_ENDPOINT}"
        },
        "Action": "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
        "Condition": {
          "StringEquals": {
            "${OIDC_ENDPOINT}:sub": [
              "system:serviceaccount:openshift-adp:openshift-adp-controller-manager",
              "system:serviceaccount:openshift-adp:velero"]
          }
        }
      }]
  }
EOF

Create the role by running the following command:

$ ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam create-role --role-name \
  "${ROLE_NAME}" \
  --assume-role-policy-document file://${SCRATCH}/trust-policy.json \
--tags Key=rosa_cluster_id,Value=${ROSA_CLUSTER_ID} Key=rosa_openshift_version,Value=${CLUSTER_VERSION} Key=rosa_role_prefix,Value=ManagedOpenShift Key=operator_namespace,Value=openshift-adp Key=operator_name,Value=openshift-oadp \
   --query Role.Arn --output text)

View the role ARN by running the following command:
```
$ echo ${ROLE_ARN}
```

Attach the IAM policy to the IAM role by running the following command:

$ aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}" \
  --policy-arn ${POLICY_ARN}

4.10.1.2. Installing the OADP Operator and providing the IAM role

AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) is a global web service that provides short-term credentials for IAM or federated users. OpenShift Container Platform (ROSA) with STS is the recommended credential mode for ROSA clusters. This document describes how to install OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) on ROSA with AWS STS.

Important

Restic is unsupported.

Kopia file system backup (FSB) is supported when backing up file systems that do not have Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshotting support.

Example file systems include the following:

Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)
Network File System (NFS)
emptyDir volumes
Local volumes

For backing up volumes, OADP on ROSA with AWS STS supports only native snapshots and Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.

In an Amazon ROSA cluster that uses STS authentication, restoring backed-up data in a different AWS region is not supported.

The Data Mover feature is not currently supported in ROSA clusters. You can use native AWS S3 tools for moving data.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift Container Platform ROSA cluster with the required access and tokens. For instructions, see the previous procedure Preparing AWS credentials for OADP. If you plan to use two different clusters for backing up and restoring, you must prepare AWS credentials, including ROLE_ARN, for each cluster.

Procedure

Create an OpenShift Container Platform secret from your AWS token file by entering the following commands:
1. Create the credentials file:
```
$ cat <<EOF > ${SCRATCH}/credentials
  [default]
  role_arn = ${ROLE_ARN}
  web_identity_token_file = /var/run/secrets/openshift/serviceaccount/token
EOF
```
2. Create a namespace for OADP:
```
$ oc create namespace openshift-adp
```
3. Create the OpenShift Container Platform secret:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp create secret generic cloud-credentials \
  --from-file=${SCRATCH}/credentials
```
  Note
  In OpenShift Container Platform versions 4.15 and later, the OADP Operator supports a new standardized STS workflow through the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) and Cloud Credentials Operator (CCO). In this workflow, you do not need to create the above secret, you only need to supply the role ARN during the installation of OLM-managed operators using the OpenShift Container Platform web console, for more information see Installing from OperatorHub using the web console.
  The preceding secret is created automatically by CCO.
Install the OADP Operator:
1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, browse to Operators OperatorHub.
2. Search for the OADP Operator.
3. In the role_ARN field, paste the role_arn that you created previously and click Install.

Create AWS cloud storage using your AWS credentials by entering the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: CloudStorage
  metadata:
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    creationSecret:
      key: credentials
      name: cloud-credentials
    enableSharedConfig: true
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
    provider: aws
    region: $REGION
EOF

Check your application’s storage default storage class by entering the following command:

$ oc get pvc -n <namespace>

Example output

NAME     STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
applog   Bound    pvc-351791ae-b6ab-4e8b-88a4-30f73caf5ef8   1Gi        RWO            gp3-csi        4d19h
mysql    Bound    pvc-16b8e009-a20a-4379-accc-bc81fedd0621   1Gi        RWO            gp3-csi        4d19h

Get the storage class by running the following command:

$ oc get storageclass

Example output

NAME                PROVISIONER             RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE      ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
gp2                 kubernetes.io/aws-ebs   Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h
gp2-csi             ebs.csi.aws.com         Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h
gp3                 ebs.csi.aws.com         Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h
gp3-csi (default)   ebs.csi.aws.com         Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h

Note

The following storage classes will work:

gp3-csi
gp2-csi
gp3
gp2

If the application or applications that are being backed up are all using persistent volumes (PVs) with Container Storage Interface (CSI), it is advisable to include the CSI plugin in the OADP DPA configuration.

Create the DataProtectionApplication resource to configure the connection to the storage where the backups and volume snapshots are stored:

If you are using only CSI volumes, deploy a Data Protection Application by entering the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: DataProtectionApplication
  metadata:
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    backupImages: true 1
    features:
      dataMover:
        enable: false
    backupLocations:
    - bucket:
        cloudStorageRef:
          name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
        credential:
          key: credentials
          name: cloud-credentials
        prefix: velero
        default: true
        config:
          region: ${REGION}
    configuration:
      velero:
        defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - csi
      restic:
        enable: false
EOF

1: ROSA supports internal image backup. Set this field to false if you do not want to use image backup.

If you are using CSI or non-CSI volumes, deploy a Data Protection Application by entering the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: DataProtectionApplication
  metadata:
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    backupImages: true 1
    features:
      dataMover:
         enable: false
    backupLocations:
    - bucket:
        cloudStorageRef:
          name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
        credential:
          key: credentials
          name: cloud-credentials
        prefix: velero
        default: true
        config:
          region: ${REGION}
    configuration:
      velero:
        defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
      nodeAgent: 2
        enable: false
        uploaderType: restic
    snapshotLocations:
      - velero:
          config:
            credentialsFile: /tmp/credentials/openshift-adp/cloud-credentials-credentials 3
            enableSharedConfig: "true" 4
            profile: default 5
            region: ${REGION} 6
          provider: aws
EOF

1: ROSA supports internal image backup. Set this field to false if you do not want to use image backup.
2: See the important note regarding the nodeAgent attribute.
3: The credentialsFile field is the mounted location of the bucket credential on the pod.
4: The enableSharedConfig field allows the snapshotLocations to share or reuse the credential defined for the bucket.
5: Use the profile name set in the AWS credentials file.
6: Specify region as your AWS region. This must be the same as the cluster region.

You are now ready to back up and restore OpenShift Container Platform applications, as described in Backing up applications.

Important

The enable parameter of restic is set to false in this configuration, because OADP does not support Restic in ROSA environments.

If you use OADP 1.2, replace this configuration:

nodeAgent:
  enable: false
  uploaderType: restic

with the following configuration:

restic:
  enable: false

If you want to use two different clusters for backing up and restoring, the two clusters must have the same AWS S3 storage names in both the cloud storage CR and the OADP DataProtectionApplication configuration.

Additional resources

4.10.1.3. Example: Backing up workload on OADP ROSA STS, with an optional cleanup

4.10.1.3.1. Performing a backup with OADP and ROSA STS

The following example hello-world application has no persistent volumes (PVs) attached. Perform a backup with OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) STS.

Either Data Protection Application (DPA) configuration will work.

Create a workload to back up by running the following commands:

$ oc create namespace hello-world

$ oc new-app -n hello-world --image=docker.io/openshift/hello-openshift

Expose the route by running the following command:

$ oc expose service/hello-openshift -n hello-world

Check that the application is working by running the following command:

$ curl `oc get route/hello-openshift -n hello-world -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}'`

Example output

Hello OpenShift!

Back up the workload by running the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: velero.io/v1
  kind: Backup
  metadata:
    name: hello-world
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    includedNamespaces:
    - hello-world
    storageLocation: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa-1
    ttl: 720h0m0s
EOF

Wait until the backup is completed and then run the following command:

$ watch "oc -n openshift-adp get backup hello-world -o json | jq .status"

Example output

{
  "completionTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:20:44Z",
  "expiration": "2022-10-07T22:20:22Z",
  "formatVersion": "1.1.0",
  "phase": "Completed",
  "progress": {
    "itemsBackedUp": 58,
    "totalItems": 58
  },
  "startTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:20:22Z",
  "version": 1
}

Delete the demo workload by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete ns hello-world
```

Restore the workload from the backup by running the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: velero.io/v1
  kind: Restore
  metadata:
    name: hello-world
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    backupName: hello-world
EOF

Wait for the Restore to finish by running the following command:

$ watch "oc -n openshift-adp get restore hello-world -o json | jq .status"

Example output

{
  "completionTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:25:47Z",
  "phase": "Completed",
  "progress": {
    "itemsRestored": 38,
    "totalItems": 38
  },
  "startTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:25:28Z",
  "warnings": 9
}

Check that the workload is restored by running the following command:

$ oc -n hello-world get pods

Example output

NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hello-openshift-9f885f7c6-kdjpj   1/1     Running   0          90s

Check the JSONPath by running the following command:

$ curl `oc get route/hello-openshift -n hello-world -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}'`

Example output

Hello OpenShift!

Note

For troubleshooting tips, see the OADP team’s troubleshooting documentation.

4.10.1.3.2. Cleaning up a cluster after a backup with OADP and ROSA STS

If you need to uninstall the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator together with the backups and the S3 bucket from this example, follow these instructions.

Procedure

Delete the workload by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete ns hello-world
```
Delete the Data Protection Application (DPA) by running the following command:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp delete dpa ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa
```

Delete the cloud storage by running the following command:

$ oc -n openshift-adp delete cloudstorage ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp

Warning

If this command hangs, you might need to delete the finalizer by running the following command:

$ oc -n openshift-adp patch cloudstorage ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp -p '{"metadata":{"finalizers":null}}' --type=merge

If the Operator is no longer required, remove it by running the following command:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp delete subscription oadp-operator
```
Remove the namespace from the Operator:
```
$ oc delete ns openshift-adp
```
If the backup and restore resources are no longer required, remove them from the cluster by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete backup hello-world
```
To delete backup, restore and remote objects in AWS S3 run the following command:
```
$ velero backup delete hello-world
```
If you no longer need the Custom Resource Definitions (CRD), remove them from the cluster by running the following command:
```
$ for CRD in `oc get crds | grep velero | awk '{print $1}'`; do oc delete crd $CRD; done
```

Delete the AWS S3 bucket by running the following commands:

$ aws s3 rm s3://${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp --recursive

$ aws s3api delete-bucket --bucket ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp

Detach the policy from the role by running the following command:

$ aws iam detach-role-policy --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}"  --policy-arn "${POLICY_ARN}"

Delete the role by running the following command:
```
$ aws iam delete-role --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}"
```

4.11. OADP and AWS STS

4.11.1. Backing up applications on AWS STS using OADP

You install the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Amazon Web Services (AWS) by installing the OADP Operator. The Operator installs Velero 1.14.

Note

Starting from OADP 1.0.4, all OADP 1.0.z versions can only be used as a dependency of the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and are not available as a standalone Operator.

You configure AWS for Velero, create a default Secret, and then install the Data Protection Application. For more details, see Installing the OADP Operator.

To install the OADP Operator in a restricted network environment, you must first disable the default OperatorHub sources and mirror the Operator catalog. See Using Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments for details.

You can install OADP on an AWS Security Token Service (STS) (AWS STS) cluster manually. Amazon AWS provides AWS STS as a web service that enables you to request temporary, limited-privilege credentials for users. You use STS to provide trusted users with temporary access to resources via API calls, your AWS console, or the AWS command line interface (CLI).

Before installing OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP), you must set up role and policy credentials for OADP so that it can use the Amazon Web Services API.

This process is performed in the following two stages:

Prepare AWS credentials.
Install the OADP Operator and give it an IAM role.

4.11.1.1. Preparing AWS STS credentials for OADP

An Amazon Web Services account must be prepared and configured to accept an OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) installation. Prepare the AWS credentials by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Define the cluster_name environment variable by running the following command:
```
$ export CLUSTER_NAME= <AWS_cluster_name> 1
```
1
The variable can be set to any value.

Retrieve all of the details of the cluster such as the AWS_ACCOUNT_ID, OIDC_ENDPOINT by running the following command:

$ export CLUSTER_VERSION=$(oc get clusterversion version -o jsonpath='{.status.desired.version}{"\n"}')

export AWS_CLUSTER_ID=$(oc get clusterversion version -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterID}{"\n"}')

export OIDC_ENDPOINT=$(oc get authentication.config.openshift.io cluster -o jsonpath='{.spec.serviceAccountIssuer}' | sed 's|^https://||')

export REGION=$(oc get infrastructures cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.aws.region}' --allow-missing-template-keys=false || echo us-east-2)

export AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)

export ROLE_NAME="${CLUSTER_NAME}-openshift-oadp-aws-cloud-credentials"

Create a temporary directory to store all of the files by running the following command:
```
$ export SCRATCH="/tmp/${CLUSTER_NAME}/oadp"
mkdir -p ${SCRATCH}
```

Display all of the gathered details by running the following command:

$ echo "Cluster ID: ${AWS_CLUSTER_ID}, Region: ${REGION}, OIDC Endpoint:
${OIDC_ENDPOINT}, AWS Account ID: ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}"

On the AWS account, create an IAM policy to allow access to AWS S3:

Check to see if the policy exists by running the following commands:

$ export POLICY_NAME="OadpVer1" 1

1: The variable can be set to any value.

$ POLICY_ARN=$(aws iam list-policies --query "Policies[?PolicyName=='$POLICY_NAME'].{ARN:Arn}" --output text)

Enter the following command to create the policy JSON file and then create the policy:

Note

If the policy ARN is not found, the command creates the policy. If the policy ARN already exists, the if statement intentionally skips the policy creation.

$ if [[ -z "${POLICY_ARN}" ]]; then
cat << EOF > ${SCRATCH}/policy.json
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
 {
   "Effect": "Allow",
   "Action": [
     "s3:CreateBucket",
     "s3:DeleteBucket",
     "s3:PutBucketTagging",
     "s3:GetBucketTagging",
     "s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration",
     "s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration",
     "s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration",
     "s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration",
     "s3:GetBucketLocation",
     "s3:ListBucket",
     "s3:GetObject",
     "s3:PutObject",
     "s3:DeleteObject",
     "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads",
     "s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
     "s3:ListMultipartUploadParts",
     "ec2:DescribeSnapshots",
     "ec2:DescribeVolumes",
     "ec2:DescribeVolumeAttribute",
     "ec2:DescribeVolumesModifications",
     "ec2:DescribeVolumeStatus",
     "ec2:CreateTags",
     "ec2:CreateVolume",
     "ec2:CreateSnapshot",
     "ec2:DeleteSnapshot"
   ],
   "Resource": "*"
 }
]}
EOF

POLICY_ARN=$(aws iam create-policy --policy-name $POLICY_NAME \
--policy-document file:///${SCRATCH}/policy.json --query Policy.Arn \
--tags Key=openshift_version,Value=${CLUSTER_VERSION} Key=operator_namespace,Value=openshift-adp Key=operator_name,Value=oadp \
--output text) 1
fi

1: SCRATCH is a name for a temporary directory created for storing the files.

View the policy ARN by running the following command:
```
$ echo ${POLICY_ARN}
```

Create an IAM role trust policy for the cluster:

Create the trust policy file by running the following command:

$ cat <<EOF > ${SCRATCH}/trust-policy.json
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [{
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Federated": "arn:aws:iam::${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}:oidc-provider/${OIDC_ENDPOINT}"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "${OIDC_ENDPOINT}:sub": [
            "system:serviceaccount:openshift-adp:openshift-adp-controller-manager",
            "system:serviceaccount:openshift-adp:velero"]
        }
      }
    }]
}
EOF

Create an IAM role trust policy for the cluster by running the following command:

$ ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam create-role --role-name \
  "${ROLE_NAME}" \
  --assume-role-policy-document file://${SCRATCH}/trust-policy.json \
  --tags Key=cluster_id,Value=${AWS_CLUSTER_ID}  Key=openshift_version,Value=${CLUSTER_VERSION} Key=operator_namespace,Value=openshift-adp Key=operator_name,Value=oadp --query Role.Arn --output text)

View the role ARN by running the following command:
```
$ echo ${ROLE_ARN}
```

Attach the IAM policy to the IAM role by running the following command:

$ aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}" --policy-arn ${POLICY_ARN}

4.11.1.1.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

You set the CPU and memory resource allocations for the Velero pod by editing the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest.

Prerequisites

You must have the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator installed.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.ResourceAllocations block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: <dpa_sample>
spec:
# ...
  configuration:
    velero:
      podConfig:
        nodeSelector: <node_selector> 1
        resourceAllocations: 2
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 256Mi

1: Specify the node selector to be supplied to Velero podSpec.
2: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Note

Kopia is an option in OADP 1.3 and later releases. You can use Kopia for file system backups, and Kopia is your only option for Data Mover cases with the built-in Data Mover.

Kopia is more resource intensive than Restic, and you might need to adjust the CPU and memory requirements accordingly.

4.11.1.2. Installing the OADP Operator and providing the IAM role

AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) is a global web service that provides short-term credentials for IAM or federated users. This document describes how to install OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) on an AWS STS cluster manually.

Important

Restic and Kopia are not supported in the OADP AWS STS environment. Verify that the Restic and Kopia node agent is disabled. For backing up volumes, OADP on AWS STS supports only native snapshots and Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.

In an AWS cluster that uses STS authentication, restoring backed-up data in a different AWS region is not supported.

The Data Mover feature is not currently supported in AWS STS clusters. You can use native AWS S3 tools for moving data.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift Container Platform AWS STS cluster with the required access and tokens. For instructions, see the previous procedure Preparing AWS credentials for OADP. If you plan to use two different clusters for backing up and restoring, you must prepare AWS credentials, including ROLE_ARN, for each cluster.

Procedure

Create an OpenShift Container Platform secret from your AWS token file by entering the following commands:
1. Create the credentials file:
```
$ cat <<EOF > ${SCRATCH}/credentials
  [default]
  role_arn = ${ROLE_ARN}
  web_identity_token_file = /var/run/secrets/openshift/serviceaccount/token
EOF
```
2. Create a namespace for OADP:
```
$ oc create namespace openshift-adp
```
3. Create the OpenShift Container Platform secret:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp create secret generic cloud-credentials \
  --from-file=${SCRATCH}/credentials
```
  Note
  In OpenShift Container Platform versions 4.14 and later, the OADP Operator supports a new standardized STS workflow through the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) and Cloud Credentials Operator (CCO). In this workflow, you do not need to create the above secret, you only need to supply the role ARN during the installation of OLM-managed operators using the OpenShift Container Platform web console, for more information see Installing from OperatorHub using the web console.
  The preceding secret is created automatically by CCO.
Install the OADP Operator:
1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, browse to Operators OperatorHub.
2. Search for the OADP Operator.
3. In the role_ARN field, paste the role_arn that you created previously and click Install.

Create AWS cloud storage using your AWS credentials by entering the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: CloudStorage
  metadata:
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    creationSecret:
      key: credentials
      name: cloud-credentials
    enableSharedConfig: true
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
    provider: aws
    region: $REGION
EOF

Check your application’s storage default storage class by entering the following command:

$ oc get pvc -n <namespace>

Example output

NAME     STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
applog   Bound    pvc-351791ae-b6ab-4e8b-88a4-30f73caf5ef8   1Gi        RWO            gp3-csi        4d19h
mysql    Bound    pvc-16b8e009-a20a-4379-accc-bc81fedd0621   1Gi        RWO            gp3-csi        4d19h

Get the storage class by running the following command:

$ oc get storageclass

Example output

NAME                PROVISIONER             RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE      ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
gp2                 kubernetes.io/aws-ebs   Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h
gp2-csi             ebs.csi.aws.com         Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h
gp3                 ebs.csi.aws.com         Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h
gp3-csi (default)   ebs.csi.aws.com         Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4d21h

Note

The following storage classes will work:

gp3-csi
gp2-csi
gp3
gp2

If the application or applications that are being backed up are all using persistent volumes (PVs) with Container Storage Interface (CSI), it is advisable to include the CSI plugin in the OADP DPA configuration.

Create the DataProtectionApplication resource to configure the connection to the storage where the backups and volume snapshots are stored:

If you are using only CSI volumes, deploy a Data Protection Application by entering the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: DataProtectionApplication
  metadata:
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    backupImages: true 1
    features:
      dataMover:
        enable: false
    backupLocations:
    - bucket:
        cloudStorageRef:
          name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
        credential:
          key: credentials
          name: cloud-credentials
        prefix: velero
        default: true
        config:
          region: ${REGION}
    configuration:
      velero:
        defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
        - csi
      restic:
        enable: false
EOF

1: Set this field to false if you do not want to use image backup.

If you are using CSI or non-CSI volumes, deploy a Data Protection Application by entering the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
  kind: DataProtectionApplication
  metadata:
    name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    backupImages: true 1
    features:
      dataMover:
         enable: false
    backupLocations:
    - bucket:
        cloudStorageRef:
          name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp
        credential:
          key: credentials
          name: cloud-credentials
        prefix: velero
        default: true
        config:
          region: ${REGION}
    configuration:
      velero:
        defaultPlugins:
        - openshift
        - aws
      nodeAgent: 2
        enable: false
        uploaderType: restic
    snapshotLocations:
      - velero:
          config:
            credentialsFile: /tmp/credentials/openshift-adp/cloud-credentials-credentials 3
            enableSharedConfig: "true" 4
            profile: default 5
            region: ${REGION} 6
          provider: aws
EOF

1: Set this field to false if you do not want to use image backup.
2: See the important note regarding the nodeAgent attribute.
3: The credentialsFile field is the mounted location of the bucket credential on the pod.
4: The enableSharedConfig field allows the snapshotLocations to share or reuse the credential defined for the bucket.
5: Use the profile name set in the AWS credentials file.
6: Specify region as your AWS region. This must be the same as the cluster region.

You are now ready to back up and restore OpenShift Container Platform applications, as described in Backing up applications.

Important

If you use OADP 1.2, replace this configuration:

nodeAgent:
  enable: false
  uploaderType: restic

with the following configuration:

restic:
  enable: false

If you want to use two different clusters for backing up and restoring, the two clusters must have the same AWS S3 storage names in both the cloud storage CR and the OADP DataProtectionApplication configuration.

Additional resources

4.11.1.3. Backing up workload on OADP AWS STS, with an optional cleanup

4.11.1.3.1. Performing a backup with OADP and AWS STS

The following example hello-world application has no persistent volumes (PVs) attached. Perform a backup with OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with Amazon Web Services (AWS) (AWS STS).

Either Data Protection Application (DPA) configuration will work.

Create a workload to back up by running the following commands:

$ oc create namespace hello-world

$ oc new-app -n hello-world --image=docker.io/openshift/hello-openshift

Expose the route by running the following command:

$ oc expose service/hello-openshift -n hello-world

Check that the application is working by running the following command:

$ curl `oc get route/hello-openshift -n hello-world -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}'`

Example output

Hello OpenShift!

Back up the workload by running the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: velero.io/v1
  kind: Backup
  metadata:
    name: hello-world
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    includedNamespaces:
    - hello-world
    storageLocation: ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa-1
    ttl: 720h0m0s
EOF

Wait until the backup has completed and then run the following command:

$ watch "oc -n openshift-adp get backup hello-world -o json | jq .status"

Example output

{
  "completionTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:20:44Z",
  "expiration": "2022-10-07T22:20:22Z",
  "formatVersion": "1.1.0",
  "phase": "Completed",
  "progress": {
    "itemsBackedUp": 58,
    "totalItems": 58
  },
  "startTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:20:22Z",
  "version": 1
}

Delete the demo workload by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete ns hello-world
```

Restore the workload from the backup by running the following command:

$ cat << EOF | oc create -f -
  apiVersion: velero.io/v1
  kind: Restore
  metadata:
    name: hello-world
    namespace: openshift-adp
  spec:
    backupName: hello-world
EOF

Wait for the Restore to finish by running the following command:

$ watch "oc -n openshift-adp get restore hello-world -o json | jq .status"

Example output

{
  "completionTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:25:47Z",
  "phase": "Completed",
  "progress": {
    "itemsRestored": 38,
    "totalItems": 38
  },
  "startTimestamp": "2022-09-07T22:25:28Z",
  "warnings": 9
}

Check that the workload is restored by running the following command:

$ oc -n hello-world get pods

Example output

NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hello-openshift-9f885f7c6-kdjpj   1/1     Running   0          90s

Check the JSONPath by running the following command:

$ curl `oc get route/hello-openshift -n hello-world -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}'`

Example output

Hello OpenShift!

Note

For troubleshooting tips, see the OADP team’s troubleshooting documentation.

4.11.1.3.2. Cleaning up a cluster after a backup with OADP and AWS STS

If you need to uninstall the OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator together with the backups and the S3 bucket from this example, follow these instructions.

Procedure

Delete the workload by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete ns hello-world
```
Delete the Data Protection Application (DPA) by running the following command:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp delete dpa ${CLUSTER_NAME}-dpa
```

Delete the cloud storage by running the following command:

$ oc -n openshift-adp delete cloudstorage ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp

Important

If this command hangs, you might need to delete the finalizer by running the following command:

$ oc -n openshift-adp patch cloudstorage ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp -p '{"metadata":{"finalizers":null}}' --type=merge

If the Operator is no longer required, remove it by running the following command:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp delete subscription oadp-operator
```
Remove the namespace from the Operator by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete ns openshift-adp
```
If the backup and restore resources are no longer required, remove them from the cluster by running the following command:
```
$ oc delete backup hello-world
```
To delete backup, restore and remote objects in AWS S3, run the following command:
```
$ velero backup delete hello-world
```
If you no longer need the Custom Resource Definitions (CRD), remove them from the cluster by running the following command:
```
$ for CRD in `oc get crds | grep velero | awk '{print $1}'`; do oc delete crd $CRD; done
```

Delete the AWS S3 bucket by running the following commands:

$ aws s3 rm s3://${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp --recursive

$ aws s3api delete-bucket --bucket ${CLUSTER_NAME}-oadp

Detach the policy from the role by running the following command:

$ aws iam detach-role-policy --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}"  --policy-arn "${POLICY_ARN}"

Delete the role by running the following command:
```
$ aws iam delete-role --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}"
```

4.12. OADP Data Mover

4.12.1. About the OADP Data Mover

OADP includes a built-in Data Mover that you can use to move Container Storage Interface (CSI) volume snapshots to a remote object store. The built-in Data Mover allows you to restore stateful applications from the remote object store if a failure, accidental deletion, or corruption of the cluster occurs. It uses Kopia as the uploader mechanism to read the snapshot data and write to the unified repository.

OADP supports CSI snapshots on the following:

Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation
Any other cloud storage provider with the Container Storage Interface (CSI) driver that supports the Kubernetes Volume Snapshot API

Important

The OADP built-in Data Mover, which was introduced in OADP 1.3 as a Technology Preview, is now fully supported for both containerized and virtual machine workloads.

4.12.1.1. Enabling the built-in Data Mover

To enable the built-in Data Mover, you must include the CSI plugin and enable the node agent in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR). The node agent is a Kubernetes daemonset that hosts data movement modules. These include the Data Mover controller, uploader, and the repository.

Example DataProtectionApplication manifest

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: dpa-sample
spec:
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true 1
      uploaderType: kopia 2
    velero:
      defaultPlugins:
      - openshift
      - aws
      - csi 3
      defaultSnapshotMoveData: true
      defaultVolumesToFSBackup: 4
      featureFlags:
      - EnableCSI
# ...

1: The flag to enable the node agent.
2: The type of uploader. The possible values are restic or kopia. The built-in Data Mover uses Kopia as the default uploader mechanism regardless of the value of the uploaderType field.
3: The CSI plugin included in the list of default plugins.
4: In OADP 1.3.1 and later, set to true if you use Data Mover only for volumes that opt out of fs-backup. Set to false if you use Data Mover by default for volumes.

4.12.1.2. Built-in Data Mover controller and custom resource definitions (CRDs)

The built-in Data Mover feature introduces three new API objects defined as CRDs for managing backup and restore:

DataDownload: Represents a data download of a volume snapshot. The CSI plugin creates one DataDownload object per volume to be restored. The DataDownload CR includes information about the target volume, the specified Data Mover, the progress of the current data download, the specified backup repository, and the result of the current data download after the process is complete.
DataUpload: Represents a data upload of a volume snapshot. The CSI plugin creates one DataUpload object per CSI snapshot. The DataUpload CR includes information about the specified snapshot, the specified Data Mover, the specified backup repository, the progress of the current data upload, and the result of the current data upload after the process is complete.
BackupRepository: Represents and manages the lifecycle of the backup repositories. OADP creates a backup repository per namespace when the first CSI snapshot backup or restore for a namespace is requested.

4.12.1.3. About incremental back up support

OADP supports incremental backups of block and Filesystem persistent volumes for both containerized, and OpenShift Virtualization workloads. The following table summarizes the support for File System Backup (FSB), Container Storage Interface (CSI), and CSI Data Mover:

Table 4.6. OADP backup support matrix for containerized workloads
Volume mode	FSB - Restic	FSB - Kopia	CSI	CSI Data Mover
Filesystem	S ^[1], I ^[2]	S ^[1], I ^[2]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]
Block	N ^[3]	N ^[3]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]

Table 4.7. OADP backup support matrix for OpenShift Virtualization workloads
Volume mode	FSB - Restic	FSB - Kopia	CSI	CSI Data Mover
Filesystem	N ^[3]	N ^[3]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]
Block	N ^[3]	N ^[3]	S ^[1]	S ^[1], I ^[2]

Backup supported
Incremental backup supported
Not supported

Note

The CSI Data Mover backups use Kopia regardless of uploaderType.

4.12.2. Backing up and restoring CSI snapshots data movement

You can back up and restore persistent volumes by using the OADP 1.3 Data Mover.

4.12.2.1. Backing up persistent volumes with CSI snapshots

You can use the OADP Data Mover to back up Container Storage Interface (CSI) volume snapshots to a remote object store.

Prerequisites

You have access to the cluster with the cluster-admin role.
You have installed the OADP Operator.
You have included the CSI plugin and enabled the node agent in the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR).
You have an application with persistent volumes running in a separate namespace.
You have added the metadata.labels.velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class: "true" key-value pair to the VolumeSnapshotClass CR.

Procedure

Create a YAML file for the Backup object, as in the following example:
Example Backup CR
```
kind: Backup
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
metadata:
  name: backup
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  csiSnapshotTimeout: 10m0s
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: 1
  includedNamespaces:
  - mysql-persistent
  itemOperationTimeout: 4h0m0s
  snapshotMoveData: true 2
  storageLocation: default
  ttl: 720h0m0s
  volumeSnapshotLocations:
  - dpa-sample-1
# ...
```
1
Set to true if you use Data Mover only for volumes that opt out of fs-backup. Set to false if you use Data Mover by default for volumes.
2
Set to true to enable movement of CSI snapshots to remote object storage.
Note
If you format the volume by using XFS filesystem and the volume is at 100% capacity, the backup fails with a no space left on device error. For example:
```
Error: relabel failed /var/lib/kubelet/pods/3ac..34/volumes/ \
kubernetes.io~csi/pvc-684..12c/mount: lsetxattr /var/lib/kubelet/ \
pods/3ac..34/volumes/kubernetes.io~csi/pvc-68..2c/mount/data-xfs-103: \
no space left on device
```
In this scenario, consider resizing the volume or using a different filesystem type, for example, ext4, so that the backup completes successfully.
Apply the manifest:
```
$ oc create -f backup.yaml
```
A DataUpload CR is created after the snapshot creation is complete.

Verification

Verify that the snapshot data is successfully transferred to the remote object store by monitoring the status.phase field of the DataUpload CR. Possible values are In Progress, Completed, Failed, or Canceled. The object store is configured in the backupLocations stanza of the DataProtectionApplication CR.

Run the following command to get a list of all DataUpload objects:

$ oc get datauploads -A

Example output

NAMESPACE       NAME                  STATUS      STARTED   BYTES DONE   TOTAL BYTES   STORAGE LOCATION   AGE     NODE
openshift-adp   backup-test-1-sw76b   Completed   9m47s     108104082    108104082     dpa-sample-1       9m47s   ip-10-0-150-57.us-west-2.compute.internal
openshift-adp   mongo-block-7dtpf     Completed   14m       1073741824   1073741824    dpa-sample-1       14m     ip-10-0-150-57.us-west-2.compute.internal

Check the value of the status.phase field of the specific DataUpload object by running the following command:

$ oc get datauploads <dataupload_name> -o yaml

Example output

apiVersion: velero.io/v2alpha1
kind: DataUpload
metadata:
  name: backup-test-1-sw76b
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupStorageLocation: dpa-sample-1
  csiSnapshot:
    snapshotClass: ""
    storageClass: gp3-csi
    volumeSnapshot: velero-mysql-fq8sl
  operationTimeout: 10m0s
  snapshotType: CSI
  sourceNamespace: mysql-persistent
  sourcePVC: mysql
status:
  completionTimestamp: "2023-11-02T16:57:02Z"
  node: ip-10-0-150-57.us-west-2.compute.internal
  path: /host_pods/15116bac-cc01-4d9b-8ee7-609c3bef6bde/volumes/kubernetes.io~csi/pvc-eead8167-556b-461a-b3ec-441749e291c4/mount
  phase: Completed 1
  progress:
    bytesDone: 108104082
    totalBytes: 108104082
  snapshotID: 8da1c5febf25225f4577ada2aeb9f899
  startTimestamp: "2023-11-02T16:56:22Z"

1: Indicates that snapshot data is successfully transferred to the remote object store.

4.12.2.2. Restoring CSI volume snapshots

You can restore a volume snapshot by creating a Restore CR.

Note

You cannot restore Volsync backups from OADP 1.2 with the OAPD 1.3 built-in Data Mover. It is recommended to do a file system backup of all of your workloads with Restic prior to upgrading to OADP 1.3.

Prerequisites

You have access to the cluster with the cluster-admin role.
You have an OADP Backup CR from which to restore the data.

Procedure

Create a YAML file for the Restore CR, as in the following example:

Example Restore CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Restore
metadata:
  name: restore
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupName: <backup>
# ...

Apply the manifest:
```
$ oc create -f restore.yaml
```
A DataDownload CR is created when the restore starts.

Verification

You can monitor the status of the restore process by checking the status.phase field of the DataDownload CR. Possible values are In Progress, Completed, Failed, or Canceled.

To get a list of all DataDownload objects, run the following command:

$ oc get datadownloads -A

Example output

NAMESPACE       NAME                   STATUS      STARTED   BYTES DONE   TOTAL BYTES   STORAGE LOCATION   AGE     NODE
openshift-adp   restore-test-1-sk7lg   Completed   7m11s     108104082    108104082     dpa-sample-1       7m11s   ip-10-0-150-57.us-west-2.compute.internal

Enter the following command to check the value of the status.phase field of the specific DataDownload object:

$ oc get datadownloads <datadownload_name> -o yaml

Example output

apiVersion: velero.io/v2alpha1
kind: DataDownload
metadata:
  name: restore-test-1-sk7lg
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  backupStorageLocation: dpa-sample-1
  operationTimeout: 10m0s
  snapshotID: 8da1c5febf25225f4577ada2aeb9f899
  sourceNamespace: mysql-persistent
  targetVolume:
    namespace: mysql-persistent
    pv: ""
    pvc: mysql
status:
  completionTimestamp: "2023-11-02T17:01:24Z"
  node: ip-10-0-150-57.us-west-2.compute.internal
  phase: Completed 1
  progress:
    bytesDone: 108104082
    totalBytes: 108104082
  startTimestamp: "2023-11-02T17:00:52Z"

1: Indicates that the CSI snapshot data is successfully restored.

4.12.2.3. Deletion policy for OADP 1.3

The deletion policy determines rules for removing data from a system, specifying when and how deletion occurs based on factors such as retention periods, data sensitivity, and compliance requirements. It manages data removal effectively while meeting regulations and preserving valuable information.

4.12.2.3.1. Deletion policy guidelines for OADP 1.3

Review the following deletion policy guidelines for the OADP 1.3:

In OADP 1.3.x, when using any type of backup and restore methods, you can set the deletionPolicy field to Retain or Delete in the VolumeSnapshotClass custom resource (CR).

4.12.3. Overriding Kopia hashing, encryption, and splitter algorithms

You can override the default values of Kopia hashing, encryption, and splitter algorithms by using specific environment variables in the Data Protection Application (DPA).

4.12.3.1. Configuring the DPA to override Kopia hashing, encryption, and splitter algorithms

You can use an OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) option to override the default Kopia algorithms for hashing, encryption, and splitter to improve Kopia performance or to compare performance metrics. You can set the following environment variables in the spec.configuration.velero.podConfig.env section of the DPA:

KOPIA_HASHING_ALGORITHM
KOPIA_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
KOPIA_SPLITTER_ALGORITHM

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.
You have created the secret by using the credentials provided by the cloud provider.

Procedure

Configure the DPA with the environment variables for hashing, encryption, and splitter as shown in the following example.

Example DPA

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
#...
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true 1
    uploaderType: kopia 2
  velero:
    defaultPlugins:
    - openshift
    - aws
    - csi 3
    defaultSnapshotMoveData: true
    podConfig:
      env:
        - name: KOPIA_HASHING_ALGORITHM
          value: <hashing_algorithm_name> 4
        - name: KOPIA_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
          value: <encryption_algorithm_name> 5
        - name: KOPIA_SPLITTER_ALGORITHM
          value: <splitter_algorithm_name> 6

1: Enable the nodeAgent.
2: Specify the uploaderType as kopia.
3: Include the csi plugin.
4: Specify a hashing algorithm. For example, BLAKE3-256.
5: Specify an encryption algorithm. For example, CHACHA20-POLY1305-HMAC-SHA256.
6: Specify a splitter algorithm. For example, DYNAMIC-8M-RABINKARP.

4.12.3.2. Use case for overriding Kopia hashing, encryption, and splitter algorithms

The use case example demonstrates taking a backup of an application by using Kopia environment variables for hashing, encryption, and splitter. You store the backup in an AWS S3 bucket. You then verify the environment variables by connecting to the Kopia repository.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.
You have an AWS S3 bucket configured as the backup storage location.
You have created the secret by using the credentials provided by the cloud provider.
You have installed the Kopia client.
You have an application with persistent volumes running in a separate namespace.

Procedure

Configure the Data Protection Application (DPA) as shown in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
name: <dpa_name> 1
namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
backupLocations:
- name: aws
  velero:
    config:
      profile: default
      region: <region_name> 2
    credential:
      key: cloud
      name: cloud-credentials 3
    default: true
    objectStorage:
      bucket: <bucket_name> 4
      prefix: velero
    provider: aws
configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    uploaderType: kopia
  velero:
    defaultPlugins:
    - openshift
    - aws
    - csi 5
    defaultSnapshotMoveData: true
    podConfig:
      env:
        - name: KOPIA_HASHING_ALGORITHM
          value: BLAKE3-256 6
        - name: KOPIA_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
          value: CHACHA20-POLY1305-HMAC-SHA256 7
        - name: KOPIA_SPLITTER_ALGORITHM
          value: DYNAMIC-8M-RABINKARP 8

1: Specify a name for the DPA.
2: Specify the region for the backup storage location.
3: Specify the name of the default Secret object.
4: Specify the AWS S3 bucket name.
5: Include the csi plugin.
6: Specify the hashing algorithm as BLAKE3-256.
7: Specify the encryption algorithm as CHACHA20-POLY1305-HMAC-SHA256.
8: Specify the splitter algorithm as DYNAMIC-8M-RABINKARP.

Create the DPA by running the following command:
```
$ oc create -f <dpa_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the file name of the DPA you configured.
Verify that the DPA has reconciled by running the following command:
```
$ oc get dpa -o yaml
```

Create a backup CR as shown in the following example:

Example backup CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  name: test-backup
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - <application_namespace> 1
  defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true

1: Specify the namespace for the application installed in the cluster.

Create a backup by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <backup_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup CR file.
Verify that the backup completed by running the following command:
```
$ oc get backup <backup_name> -o yaml 1
```
1
Specify the name of the backup.

Verification

Connect to the Kopia repository by running the following command:
```
$ kopia repository connect s3 \
  --bucket=<bucket_name> \ 1
  --prefix=velero/kopia/<application_namespace> \ 2
  --password=static-passw0rd \ 3
  --access-key="<aws_s3_access_key>" \ 4
  --secret-access-key="<aws_s3_secret_access_key>" \ 5
```
1
Specify the AWS S3 bucket name.
2
Specify the namespace for the application.
3
This is the Kopia password to connect to the repository.
4
Specify the AWS S3 access key.
5
Specify the AWS S3 storage provider secret access key.
Note
If you are using a storage provider other than AWS S3, you will need to add --endpoint, the bucket endpoint URL parameter, to the command.

Verify that Kopia uses the environment variables that are configured in the DPA for the backup by running the following command:

$ kopia repository status

Example output

Config file:         /../.config/kopia/repository.config

Description:         Repository in S3: s3.amazonaws.com <bucket_name>
# ...

Storage type:        s3
Storage capacity:    unbounded
Storage config:      {
                       "bucket": <bucket_name>,
                       "prefix": "velero/kopia/<application_namespace>/",
                       "endpoint": "s3.amazonaws.com",
                       "accessKeyID": <access_key>,
                       "secretAccessKey": "****************************************",
                       "sessionToken": ""
                     }

Unique ID:           58....aeb0
Hash:                BLAKE3-256
Encryption:          CHACHA20-POLY1305-HMAC-SHA256
Splitter:            DYNAMIC-8M-RABINKARP
Format version:      3
# ...

4.12.3.3. Benchmarking Kopia hashing, encryption, and splitter algorithms

You can run Kopia commands to benchmark the hashing, encryption, and splitter algorithms. Based on the benchmarking results, you can select the most suitable algorithm for your workload. In this procedure, you run the Kopia benchmarking commands from a pod on the cluster. The benchmarking results can vary depending on CPU speed, available RAM, disk speed, current I/O load, and so on.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OADP Operator.
You have an application with persistent volumes running in a separate namespace.
You have run a backup of the application with Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots.

Procedure

Configure a pod as shown in the following example. Make sure you are using the oadp-mustgather image for OADP version 1.3 and later.

Example pod configuration

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: oadp-mustgather-pod
  labels:
    purpose: user-interaction
spec:
  containers:
  - name: oadp-mustgather-container
    image: registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel9:v1.3
    command: ["sleep"]
    args: ["infinity"]

Note

The Kopia client is available in the oadp-mustgather image.

Create the pod by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <pod_config_file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the name of the YAML file for the pod configuration.
Verify that the Security Context Constraints (SCC) on the pod is anyuid, so that Kopia can connect to the repository.
```
$ oc describe pod/oadp-mustgather-pod | grep scc
```
Example output
```
openshift.io/scc: anyuid
```
Connect to the pod via SSH by running the following command:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp rsh pod/oadp-mustgather-pod
```
Connect to the Kopia repository by running the following command:
```
sh-5.1# kopia repository connect s3 \
  --bucket=<bucket_name> \ 1
  --prefix=velero/kopia/<application_namespace> \ 2
  --password=static-passw0rd \ 3
  --access-key="<access_key>" \ 4
  --secret-access-key="<secret_access_key>" \ 5
  --endpoint=<bucket_endpoint> \ 6
```
1
Specify the object storage provider bucket name.
2
Specify the namespace for the application.
3
This is the Kopia password to connect to the repository.
4
Specify the object storage provider access key.
5
Specify the object storage provider secret access key.
6
Specify the bucket endpoint. You do not need to specify the bucket endpoint, if you are using AWS S3 as the storage provider.
Note
This is an example command. The command can vary based on the object storage provider.

To benchmark the hashing algorithm, run the following command:

sh-5.1# kopia benchmark hashing

Example output

Benchmarking hash 'BLAKE2B-256' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'BLAKE2B-256-128' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'BLAKE2S-128' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'BLAKE2S-256' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'BLAKE3-256' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'BLAKE3-256-128' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'HMAC-SHA224' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'HMAC-SHA256' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'HMAC-SHA256-128' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'HMAC-SHA3-224' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking hash 'HMAC-SHA3-256' (100 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
     Hash                 Throughput
-----------------------------------------------------------------
  0. BLAKE3-256           15.3 GB / second
  1. BLAKE3-256-128       15.2 GB / second
  2. HMAC-SHA256-128      6.4 GB / second
  3. HMAC-SHA256          6.4 GB / second
  4. HMAC-SHA224          6.4 GB / second
  5. BLAKE2B-256-128      4.2 GB / second
  6. BLAKE2B-256          4.1 GB / second
  7. BLAKE2S-256          2.9 GB / second
  8. BLAKE2S-128          2.9 GB / second
  9. HMAC-SHA3-224        1.6 GB / second
 10. HMAC-SHA3-256        1.5 GB / second
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Fastest option for this machine is: --block-hash=BLAKE3-256

To benchmark the encryption algorithm, run the following command:

sh-5.1# kopia benchmark encryption

Example output

Benchmarking encryption 'AES256-GCM-HMAC-SHA256'... (1000 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
Benchmarking encryption 'CHACHA20-POLY1305-HMAC-SHA256'... (1000 x 1048576 bytes, parallelism 1)
     Encryption                     Throughput
-----------------------------------------------------------------
  0. AES256-GCM-HMAC-SHA256         2.2 GB / second
  1. CHACHA20-POLY1305-HMAC-SHA256  1.8 GB / second
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Fastest option for this machine is: --encryption=AES256-GCM-HMAC-SHA256

To benchmark the splitter algorithm, run the following command:

sh-5.1# kopia benchmark splitter

Example output

splitting 16 blocks of 32MiB each, parallelism 1
DYNAMIC                     747.6 MB/s count:107 min:9467 10th:2277562 25th:2971794 50th:4747177 75th:7603998 90th:8388608 max:8388608
DYNAMIC-128K-BUZHASH        718.5 MB/s count:3183 min:3076 10th:80896 25th:104312 50th:157621 75th:249115 90th:262144 max:262144
DYNAMIC-128K-RABINKARP      164.4 MB/s count:3160 min:9667 10th:80098 25th:106626 50th:162269 75th:250655 90th:262144 max:262144
# ...
FIXED-512K                  102.9 TB/s count:1024 min:524288 10th:524288 25th:524288 50th:524288 75th:524288 90th:524288 max:524288
FIXED-8M                    566.3 TB/s count:64 min:8388608 10th:8388608 25th:8388608 50th:8388608 75th:8388608 90th:8388608 max:8388608
-----------------------------------------------------------------
  0. FIXED-8M                  566.3 TB/s   count:64 min:8388608 10th:8388608 25th:8388608 50th:8388608 75th:8388608 90th:8388608 max:8388608
  1. FIXED-4M                  425.8 TB/s   count:128 min:4194304 10th:4194304 25th:4194304 50th:4194304 75th:4194304 90th:4194304 max:4194304
  # ...
 22. DYNAMIC-128K-RABINKARP    164.4 MB/s   count:3160 min:9667 10th:80098 25th:106626 50th:162269 75th:250655 90th:262144 max:262144

4.13. Troubleshooting

You can debug Velero custom resources (CRs) by using the OpenShift CLI tool or the Velero CLI tool. The Velero CLI tool provides more detailed logs and information.

You can check installation issues, backup and restore CR issues, and Restic issues.

You can collect logs and CR information by using the must-gather tool.

You can obtain the Velero CLI tool by:

Downloading the Velero CLI tool
Accessing the Velero binary in the Velero deployment in the cluster

4.13.1. Downloading the Velero CLI tool

You can download and install the Velero CLI tool by following the instructions on the Velero documentation page.

The page includes instructions for:

macOS by using Homebrew
GitHub
Windows by using Chocolatey

Prerequisites

You have access to a Kubernetes cluster, v1.16 or later, with DNS and container networking enabled.
You have installed kubectl locally.

Procedure

Open a browser and navigate to "Install the CLI" on the Velero website.
Follow the appropriate procedure for macOS, GitHub, or Windows.
Download the Velero version appropriate for your version of OADP and OpenShift Container Platform.

4.13.1.1. OADP-Velero-OpenShift Container Platform version relationship

OADP version	Velero version	OpenShift Container Platform version
1.1.0	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.1	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.2	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.3	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.4	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.5	1.9	4.9 and later
1.1.6	1.9	4.11 and later
1.1.7	1.9	4.11 and later
1.2.0	1.11	4.11 and later
1.2.1	1.11	4.11 and later
1.2.2	1.11	4.11 and later
1.2.3	1.11	4.11 and later
1.3.0	1.12	4.10 - 4.15
1.3.1	1.12	4.10 - 4.15
1.3.2	1.12	4.10 - 4.15
1.4.0	1.14	4.14 and later
1.4.1	1.14	4.14 and later

4.13.2. Accessing the Velero binary in the Velero deployment in the cluster

You can use a shell command to access the Velero binary in the Velero deployment in the cluster.

Prerequisites

Your DataProtectionApplication custom resource has a status of Reconcile complete.

Procedure

Enter the following command to set the needed alias:

$ alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'

4.13.3. Debugging Velero resources with the OpenShift CLI tool

You can debug a failed backup or restore by checking Velero custom resources (CRs) and the Velero pod log with the OpenShift CLI tool.

Velero CRs

Use the oc describe command to retrieve a summary of warnings and errors associated with a Backup or Restore CR:

$ oc describe <velero_cr> <cr_name>

Velero pod logs

Use the oc logs command to retrieve the Velero pod logs:

$ oc logs pod/<velero>

Velero pod debug logs

You can specify the Velero log level in the DataProtectionApplication resource as shown in the following example.

Note

This option is available starting from OADP 1.0.3.

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
  name: velero-sample
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      logLevel: warning

The following logLevel values are available:

trace
debug
info
warning
error
fatal
panic

It is recommended to use debug for most logs.

4.13.4. Debugging Velero resources with the Velero CLI tool

You can debug Backup and Restore custom resources (CRs) and retrieve logs with the Velero CLI tool.

The Velero CLI tool provides more detailed information than the OpenShift CLI tool.

Syntax

Use the oc exec command to run a Velero CLI command:

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  <backup_restore_cr> <command> <cr_name>

Example

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  backup describe 0e44ae00-5dc3-11eb-9ca8-df7e5254778b-2d8ql

Help option

Use the velero --help option to list all Velero CLI commands:

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  --help

Describe command

Use the velero describe command to retrieve a summary of warnings and errors associated with a Backup or Restore CR:

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  <backup_restore_cr> describe <cr_name>

Example

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  backup describe 0e44ae00-5dc3-11eb-9ca8-df7e5254778b-2d8ql

The following types of restore errors and warnings are shown in the output of a velero describe request:

Velero: A list of messages related to the operation of Velero itself, for example, messages related to connecting to the cloud, reading a backup file, and so on
Cluster: A list of messages related to backing up or restoring cluster-scoped resources
Namespaces: A list of list of messages related to backing up or restoring resources stored in namespaces

One or more errors in one of these categories results in a Restore operation receiving the status of PartiallyFailed and not Completed. Warnings do not lead to a change in the completion status.

Important

For resource-specific errors, that is, Cluster and Namespaces errors, the restore describe --details output includes a resource list that lists all resources that Velero succeeded in restoring. For any resource that has such an error, check to see if the resource is actually in the cluster.
If there are Velero errors, but no resource-specific errors, in the output of a describe command, it is possible that the restore completed without any actual problems in restoring workloads, but carefully validate post-restore applications.
For example, if the output contains PodVolumeRestore or node agent-related errors, check the status of PodVolumeRestores and DataDownloads. If none of these are failed or still running, then volume data might have been fully restored.

Logs command

Use the velero logs command to retrieve the logs of a Backup or Restore CR:

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  <backup_restore_cr> logs <cr_name>

Example

$ oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  restore logs ccc7c2d0-6017-11eb-afab-85d0007f5a19-x4lbf

4.13.5. Pods crash or restart due to lack of memory or CPU

If a Velero or Restic pod crashes due to a lack of memory or CPU, you can set specific resource requests for either of those resources.

Additional resources

CPU and memory requirements

4.13.5.1. Setting resource requests for a Velero pod

You can use the configuration.velero.podConfig.resourceAllocations specification field in the oadp_v1alpha1_dpa.yaml file to set specific resource requests for a Velero pod.

Procedure

Set the cpu and memory resource requests in the YAML file:

Example Velero file

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
configuration:
  velero:
    podConfig:
      resourceAllocations: 1
        requests:
          cpu: 200m
          memory: 256Mi

1: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

4.13.5.2. Setting resource requests for a Restic pod

You can use the configuration.restic.podConfig.resourceAllocations specification field to set specific resource requests for a Restic pod.

Procedure

Set the cpu and memory resource requests in the YAML file:

Example Restic file

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
configuration:
  restic:
    podConfig:
      resourceAllocations: 1
        requests:
          cpu: 1000m
          memory: 16Gi

1: The resourceAllocations listed are for average usage.

Important

The values for the resource request fields must follow the same format as Kubernetes resource requirements. Also, if you do not specify configuration.velero.podConfig.resourceAllocations or configuration.restic.podConfig.resourceAllocations, the default resources specification for a Velero pod or a Restic pod is as follows:

requests:
  cpu: 500m
  memory: 128Mi

4.13.6. PodVolumeRestore fails to complete when StorageClass is NFS

The restore operation fails when there is more than one volume during a NFS restore by using Restic or Kopia. PodVolumeRestore either fails with the following error or keeps trying to restore before finally failing.

Error message

Velero: pod volume restore failed: data path restore failed: \
Failed to run kopia restore: Failed to copy snapshot data to the target: \
restore error: copy file: error creating file: \
open /host_pods/b4d...6/volumes/kubernetes.io~nfs/pvc-53...4e5/userdata/base/13493/2681: \
no such file or directory

Cause

The NFS mount path is not unique for the two volumes to restore. As a result, the velero lock files use the same file on the NFS server during the restore, causing the PodVolumeRestore to fail.

Solution

You can resolve this issue by setting up a unique pathPattern for each volume, while defining the StorageClass for nfs-subdir-external-provisioner in the deploy/class.yaml file. Use the following nfs-subdir-external-provisioner StorageClass example:

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: nfs-client
provisioner: k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner
parameters:
  pathPattern: "${.PVC.namespace}/${.PVC.annotations.nfs.io/storage-path}" 1
  onDelete: delete

1: Specifies a template for creating a directory path by using PVC metadata such as labels, annotations, name, or namespace. To specify metadata, use ${.PVC.<metadata>}. For example, to name a folder: <pvc-namespace>-<pvc-name>, use ${.PVC.namespace}-${.PVC.name} as pathPattern.

4.13.7. Issues with Velero and admission webhooks

Velero has limited abilities to resolve admission webhook issues during a restore. If you have workloads with admission webhooks, you might need to use an additional Velero plugin or make changes to how you restore the workload.

Typically, workloads with admission webhooks require you to create a resource of a specific kind first. This is especially true if your workload has child resources because admission webhooks typically block child resources.

For example, creating or restoring a top-level object such as service.serving.knative.dev typically creates child resources automatically. If you do this first, you will not need to use Velero to create and restore these resources. This avoids the problem of child resources being blocked by an admission webhook that Velero might use.

4.13.7.1. Restoring workarounds for Velero backups that use admission webhooks

This section describes the additional steps required to restore resources for several types of Velero backups that use admission webhooks.

4.13.7.1.1. Restoring Knative resources

You might encounter problems using Velero to back up Knative resources that use admission webhooks.

You can avoid such problems by restoring the top level Service resource first whenever you back up and restore Knative resources that use admission webhooks.

Procedure

Restore the top level service.serving.knavtive.dev Service resource:

$ velero restore <restore_name> \
  --from-backup=<backup_name> --include-resources \
  service.serving.knavtive.dev

4.13.7.1.2. Restoring IBM AppConnect resources

If you experience issues when you use Velero to a restore an IBM® AppConnect resource that has an admission webhook, you can run the checks in this procedure.

Procedure

Check if you have any mutating admission plugins of kind: MutatingWebhookConfiguration in the cluster:
```
$ oc get mutatingwebhookconfigurations
```
Examine the YAML file of each kind: MutatingWebhookConfiguration to ensure that none of its rules block creation of the objects that are experiencing issues. For more information, see the official Kubernetes documentation.
Check that any spec.version in type: Configuration.appconnect.ibm.com/v1beta1 used at backup time is supported by the installed Operator.

4.13.7.2. OADP plugins known issues

The following section describes known issues in OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) plugins:

4.13.7.2.1. Velero plugin panics during imagestream backups due to a missing secret

When the backup and the Backup Storage Location (BSL) are managed outside the scope of the Data Protection Application (DPA), the OADP controller, meaning the DPA reconciliation does not create the relevant oadp-<bsl_name>-<bsl_provider>-registry-secret.

When the backup is run, the OpenShift Velero plugin panics on the imagestream backup, with the following panic error:

024-02-27T10:46:50.028951744Z time="2024-02-27T10:46:50Z" level=error msg="Error backing up item"
backup=openshift-adp/<backup name> error="error executing custom action (groupResource=imagestreams.image.openshift.io,
namespace=<BSL Name>, name=postgres): rpc error: code = Aborted desc = plugin panicked:
runtime error: index out of range with length 1, stack trace: goroutine 94…

4.13.7.2.1.1. Workaround to avoid the panic error

To avoid the Velero plugin panic error, perform the following steps:

Label the custom BSL with the relevant label:

$ oc label BackupStorageLocation <bsl_name> app.kubernetes.io/component=bsl

After the BSL is labeled, wait until the DPA reconciles.
Note
You can force the reconciliation by making any minor change to the DPA itself.
When the DPA reconciles, confirm that the relevant oadp-<bsl_name>-<bsl_provider>-registry-secret has been created and that the correct registry data has been populated into it:
```
$ oc -n openshift-adp get secret/oadp-<bsl_name>-<bsl_provider>-registry-secret -o json | jq -r '.data'
```

4.13.7.2.2. OpenShift ADP Controller segmentation fault

If you configure a DPA with both cloudstorage and restic enabled, the openshift-adp-controller-manager pod crashes and restarts indefinitely until the pod fails with a crash loop segmentation fault.

You can have either velero or cloudstorage defined, because they are mutually exclusive fields.

If you have both velero and cloudstorage defined, the openshift-adp-controller-manager fails.
If you have neither velero nor cloudstorage defined, the openshift-adp-controller-manager fails.

For more information about this issue, see OADP-1054.

4.13.7.2.2.1. OpenShift ADP Controller segmentation fault workaround

You must define either velero or cloudstorage when you configure a DPA. If you define both APIs in your DPA, the openshift-adp-controller-manager pod fails with a crash loop segmentation fault.

4.13.7.3. Velero plugins returning "received EOF, stopping recv loop" message

Note

Velero plugins are started as separate processes. After the Velero operation has completed, either successfully or not, they exit. Receiving a received EOF, stopping recv loop message in the debug logs indicates that a plugin operation has completed. It does not mean that an error has occurred.

Additional resources

4.13.8. Installation issues

You might encounter issues caused by using invalid directories or incorrect credentials when you install the Data Protection Application.

4.13.8.1. Backup storage contains invalid directories

The Velero pod log displays the error message, Backup storage contains invalid top-level directories.

Cause

The object storage contains top-level directories that are not Velero directories.

Solution

If the object storage is not dedicated to Velero, you must specify a prefix for the bucket by setting the spec.backupLocations.velero.objectStorage.prefix parameter in the DataProtectionApplication manifest.

4.13.8.2. Incorrect AWS credentials

The oadp-aws-registry pod log displays the error message, InvalidAccessKeyId: The AWS Access Key Id you provided does not exist in our records.

The Velero pod log displays the error message, NoCredentialProviders: no valid providers in chain.

Cause

The credentials-velero file used to create the Secret object is incorrectly formatted.

Solution

Ensure that the credentials-velero file is correctly formatted, as in the following example:

Example credentials-velero file

[default] 1
aws_access_key_id=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE 2
aws_secret_access_key=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

1: AWS default profile.
2: Do not enclose the values with quotation marks (", ').

4.13.9. OADP Operator issues

The OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) Operator might encounter issues caused by problems it is not able to resolve.

4.13.9.1. OADP Operator fails silently

The S3 buckets of an OADP Operator might be empty, but when you run the command oc get po -n <OADP_Operator_namespace>, you see that the Operator has a status of Running. In such a case, the Operator is said to have failed silently because it incorrectly reports that it is running.

Cause

The problem is caused when cloud credentials provide insufficient permissions.

Solution

Retrieve a list of backup storage locations (BSLs) and check the manifest of each BSL for credential issues.

Procedure

Run one of the following commands to retrieve a list of BSLs:
1. Using the OpenShift CLI:
```
$ oc get backupstoragelocation -A
```
2. Using the Velero CLI:
```
$ velero backup-location get -n <OADP_Operator_namespace>
```
Using the list of BSLs, run the following command to display the manifest of each BSL, and examine each manifest for an error.
```
$ oc get backupstoragelocation -n <namespace> -o yaml
```

Example result

apiVersion: v1
items:
- apiVersion: velero.io/v1
  kind: BackupStorageLocation
  metadata:
    creationTimestamp: "2023-11-03T19:49:04Z"
    generation: 9703
    name: example-dpa-1
    namespace: openshift-adp-operator
    ownerReferences:
    - apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
      blockOwnerDeletion: true
      controller: true
      kind: DataProtectionApplication
      name: example-dpa
      uid: 0beeeaff-0287-4f32-bcb1-2e3c921b6e82
    resourceVersion: "24273698"
    uid: ba37cd15-cf17-4f7d-bf03-8af8655cea83
  spec:
    config:
      enableSharedConfig: "true"
      region: us-west-2
    credential:
      key: credentials
      name: cloud-credentials
    default: true
    objectStorage:
      bucket: example-oadp-operator
      prefix: example
    provider: aws
  status:
    lastValidationTime: "2023-11-10T22:06:46Z"
    message: "BackupStorageLocation \"example-dpa-1\" is unavailable: rpc
      error: code = Unknown desc = WebIdentityErr: failed to retrieve credentials\ncaused
      by: AccessDenied: Not authorized to perform sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity\n\tstatus
      code: 403, request id: d3f2e099-70a0-467b-997e-ff62345e3b54"
    phase: Unavailable
kind: List
metadata:
  resourceVersion: ""

4.13.10. OADP timeouts

Extending a timeout allows complex or resource-intensive processes to complete successfully without premature termination. This configuration can reduce the likelihood of errors, retries, or failures.

Ensure that you balance timeout extensions in a logical manner so that you do not configure excessively long timeouts that might hide underlying issues in the process. Carefully consider and monitor an appropriate timeout value that meets the needs of the process and the overall system performance.

The following are various OADP timeouts, with instructions of how and when to implement these parameters:

4.13.10.1. Restic timeout

The spec.configuration.nodeAgent.timeout parameter defines the Restic timeout. The default value is 1h.

Use the Restic timeout parameter in the nodeAgent section for the following scenarios:

For Restic backups with total PV data usage that is greater than 500GB.

If backups are timing out with the following error:

level=error msg="Error backing up item" backup=velero/monitoring error="timed out waiting for all PodVolumeBackups to complete"

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.nodeAgent.timeout block of the DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) manifest, as shown in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
 name: <dpa_name>
spec:
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
      timeout: 1h
# ...

4.13.10.2. Velero resource timeout

resourceTimeout defines how long to wait for several Velero resources before timeout occurs, such as Velero custom resource definition (CRD) availability, volumeSnapshot deletion, and repository availability. The default is 10m.

Use the resourceTimeout for the following scenarios:

For backups with total PV data usage that is greater than 1TB. This parameter is used as a timeout value when Velero tries to clean up or delete the Container Storage Interface (CSI) snapshots, before marking the backup as complete.
- A sub-task of this cleanup tries to patch VSC and this timeout can be used for that task.
To create or ensure a backup repository is ready for filesystem based backups for Restic or Kopia.
To check if the Velero CRD is available in the cluster before restoring the custom resource (CR) or resource from the backup.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.resourceTimeout block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
 name: <dpa_name>
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      resourceTimeout: 10m
# ...

4.13.10.3. Data Mover timeout

timeout is a user-supplied timeout to complete VolumeSnapshotBackup and VolumeSnapshotRestore. The default value is 10m.

Use the Data Mover timeout for the following scenarios:

If creation of VolumeSnapshotBackups (VSBs) and VolumeSnapshotRestores (VSRs), times out after 10 minutes.
For large scale environments with total PV data usage that is greater than 500GB. Set the timeout for 1h.
With the VolumeSnapshotMover (VSM) plugin.
Only with OADP 1.1.x.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.features.dataMover.timeout block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
 name: <dpa_name>
spec:
  features:
    dataMover:
      timeout: 10m
# ...

4.13.10.4. CSI snapshot timeout

CSISnapshotTimeout specifies the time during creation to wait until the CSI VolumeSnapshot status becomes ReadyToUse, before returning error as timeout. The default value is 10m.

Use the CSISnapshotTimeout for the following scenarios:

With the CSI plugin.
For very large storage volumes that may take longer than 10 minutes to snapshot. Adjust this timeout if timeouts are found in the logs.

Note

Typically, the default value for CSISnapshotTimeout does not require adjustment, because the default setting can accommodate large storage volumes.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.csiSnapshotTimeout block of the Backup CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
 name: <backup_name>
spec:
 csiSnapshotTimeout: 10m
# ...

4.13.10.5. Velero default item operation timeout

defaultItemOperationTimeout defines how long to wait on asynchronous BackupItemActions and RestoreItemActions to complete before timing out. The default value is 1h.

Use the defaultItemOperationTimeout for the following scenarios:

Only with Data Mover 1.2.x.
To specify the amount of time a particular backup or restore should wait for the Asynchronous actions to complete. In the context of OADP features, this value is used for the Asynchronous actions involved in the Container Storage Interface (CSI) Data Mover feature.
When defaultItemOperationTimeout is defined in the Data Protection Application (DPA) using the defaultItemOperationTimeout, it applies to both backup and restore operations. You can use itemOperationTimeout to define only the backup or only the restore of those CRs, as described in the following "Item operation timeout - restore", and "Item operation timeout - backup" sections.

Procedure

Edit the values in the spec.configuration.velero.defaultItemOperationTimeout block of the DataProtectionApplication CR manifest, as in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
metadata:
 name: <dpa_name>
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      defaultItemOperationTimeout: 1h
# ...

4.13.10.6. Item operation timeout - restore

ItemOperationTimeout specifies the time that is used to wait for RestoreItemAction operations. The default value is 1h.

Use the restore ItemOperationTimeout for the following scenarios:

Only with Data Mover 1.2.x.
For Data Mover uploads and downloads to or from the BackupStorageLocation. If the restore action is not completed when the timeout is reached, it will be marked as failed. If Data Mover operations are failing due to timeout issues, because of large storage volume sizes, then this timeout setting may need to be increased.

Procedure

Edit the values in the Restore.spec.itemOperationTimeout block of the Restore CR manifest, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Restore
metadata:
 name: <restore_name>
spec:
 itemOperationTimeout: 1h
# ...
```

4.13.10.7. Item operation timeout - backup

ItemOperationTimeout specifies the time used to wait for asynchronous BackupItemAction operations. The default value is 1h.

Use the backup ItemOperationTimeout for the following scenarios:

Only with Data Mover 1.2.x.
For Data Mover uploads and downloads to or from the BackupStorageLocation. If the backup action is not completed when the timeout is reached, it will be marked as failed. If Data Mover operations are failing due to timeout issues, because of large storage volume sizes, then this timeout setting may need to be increased.

Procedure

Edit the values in the Backup.spec.itemOperationTimeout block of the Backup CR manifest, as in the following example:
```
apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
 name: <backup_name>
spec:
 itemOperationTimeout: 1h
# ...
```

4.13.11. Backup and Restore CR issues

You might encounter these common issues with Backup and Restore custom resources (CRs).

4.13.11.1. Backup CR cannot retrieve volume

The Backup CR displays the error message, InvalidVolume.NotFound: The volume ‘vol-xxxx’ does not exist.

Cause

The persistent volume (PV) and the snapshot locations are in different regions.

Solution

Edit the value of the spec.snapshotLocations.velero.config.region key in the DataProtectionApplication manifest so that the snapshot location is in the same region as the PV.
Create a new Backup CR.

4.13.11.2. Backup CR status remains in progress

The status of a Backup CR remains in the InProgress phase and does not complete.

Cause

If a backup is interrupted, it cannot be resumed.

Solution

Retrieve the details of the Backup CR:

$ oc -n {namespace} exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero \
  backup describe <backup>

Delete the Backup CR:
```
$ oc delete backup <backup> -n openshift-adp
```
You do not need to clean up the backup location because a Backup CR in progress has not uploaded files to object storage.
Create a new Backup CR.

View the Velero backup details

$ velero backup describe <backup-name> --details

4.13.11.3. Backup CR status remains in PartiallyFailed

The status of a Backup CR without Restic in use remains in the PartiallyFailed phase and does not complete. A snapshot of the affiliated PVC is not created.

Cause

If the backup is created based on the CSI snapshot class, but the label is missing, CSI snapshot plugin fails to create a snapshot. As a result, the Velero pod logs an error similar to the following:

time="2023-02-17T16:33:13Z" level=error msg="Error backing up item" backup=openshift-adp/user1-backup-check5 error="error executing custom action (groupResource=persistentvolumeclaims, namespace=busy1, name=pvc1-user1): rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed to get volumesnapshotclass for storageclass ocs-storagecluster-ceph-rbd: failed to get volumesnapshotclass for provisioner openshift-storage.rbd.csi.ceph.com, ensure that the desired volumesnapshot class has the velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class label" logSource="/remote-source/velero/app/pkg/backup/backup.go:417" name=busybox-79799557b5-vprq

Solution

Delete the Backup CR:

$ oc delete backup <backup> -n openshift-adp

If required, clean up the stored data on the BackupStorageLocation to free up space.

Apply label velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class=true to the VolumeSnapshotClass object:

$ oc label volumesnapshotclass/<snapclass_name> velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class=true

Create a new Backup CR.

4.13.12. Restic issues

You might encounter these issues when you back up applications with Restic.

4.13.12.1. Restic permission error for NFS data volumes with root_squash enabled

The Restic pod log displays the error message: controller=pod-volume-backup error="fork/exec/usr/bin/restic: permission denied".

Cause

If your NFS data volumes have root_squash enabled, Restic maps to nfsnobody and does not have permission to create backups.

Solution

You can resolve this issue by creating a supplemental group for Restic and adding the group ID to the DataProtectionApplication manifest:

Create a supplemental group for Restic on the NFS data volume.
Set the setgid bit on the NFS directories so that group ownership is inherited.

Add the spec.configuration.nodeAgent.supplementalGroups parameter and the group ID to the DataProtectionApplication manifest, as shown in the following example:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
# ...
spec:
  configuration:
    nodeAgent:
      enable: true
      uploaderType: restic
      supplementalGroups:
      - <group_id> 1
# ...

1: Specify the supplemental group ID.

Wait for the Restic pods to restart so that the changes are applied.

4.13.12.2. Restic Backup CR cannot be recreated after bucket is emptied

If you create a Restic Backup CR for a namespace, empty the object storage bucket, and then recreate the Backup CR for the same namespace, the recreated Backup CR fails.

The velero pod log displays the following error message: stderr=Fatal: unable to open config file: Stat: The specified key does not exist.\nIs there a repository at the following location?.

Cause

Velero does not recreate or update the Restic repository from the ResticRepository manifest if the Restic directories are deleted from object storage. See Velero issue 4421 for more information.

Solution

Remove the related Restic repository from the namespace by running the following command:

$ oc delete resticrepository openshift-adp <name_of_the_restic_repository>

In the following error log, mysql-persistent is the problematic Restic repository. The name of the repository appears in italics for clarity.

 time="2021-12-29T18:29:14Z" level=info msg="1 errors
 encountered backup up item" backup=velero/backup65
 logSource="pkg/backup/backup.go:431" name=mysql-7d99fc949-qbkds
 time="2021-12-29T18:29:14Z" level=error msg="Error backing up item"
 backup=velero/backup65 error="pod volume backup failed: error running
 restic backup, stderr=Fatal: unable to open config file: Stat: The
 specified key does not exist.\nIs there a repository at the following
 location?\ns3:http://minio-minio.apps.mayap-oadp-
 veleo-1234.qe.devcluster.openshift.com/mayapvelerooadp2/velero1/
 restic/mysql-persistent\n: exit status 1" error.file="/remote-source/
 src/github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/pkg/restic/backupper.go:184"
 error.function="github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/
 pkg/restic.(*backupper).BackupPodVolumes"
 logSource="pkg/backup/backup.go:435" name=mysql-7d99fc949-qbkds

4.13.12.3. Restic restore partially failing on OCP 4.14 due to changed PSA policy

OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 enforces a Pod Security Admission (PSA) policy that can hinder the readiness of pods during a Restic restore process.

If a SecurityContextConstraints (SCC) resource is not found when a pod is created, and the PSA policy on the pod is not set up to meet the required standards, pod admission is denied.

This issue arises due to the resource restore order of Velero.

Sample error

\"level=error\" in line#2273: time=\"2023-06-12T06:50:04Z\"
level=error msg=\"error restoring mysql-869f9f44f6-tp5lv: pods\\\
"mysql-869f9f44f6-tp5lv\\\" is forbidden: violates PodSecurity\\\
"restricted:v1.24\\\": privil eged (container \\\"mysql\\\
" must not set securityContext.privileged=true),
allowPrivilegeEscalation != false (containers \\\
"restic-wait\\\", \\\"mysql\\\" must set securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false), unrestricted capabilities (containers \\\
"restic-wait\\\", \\\"mysql\\\" must set securityContext.capabilities.drop=[\\\"ALL\\\"]), seccompProfile (pod or containers \\\
"restic-wait\\\", \\\"mysql\\\" must set securityContext.seccompProfile.type to \\\
"RuntimeDefault\\\" or \\\"Localhost\\\")\" logSource=\"/remote-source/velero/app/pkg/restore/restore.go:1388\" restore=openshift-adp/todolist-backup-0780518c-08ed-11ee-805c-0a580a80e92c\n
velero container contains \"level=error\" in line#2447: time=\"2023-06-12T06:50:05Z\"
level=error msg=\"Namespace todolist-mariadb,
resource restore error: error restoring pods/todolist-mariadb/mysql-869f9f44f6-tp5lv: pods \\\
"mysql-869f9f44f6-tp5lv\\\" is forbidden: violates PodSecurity \\\"restricted:v1.24\\\": privileged (container \\\
"mysql\\\" must not set securityContext.privileged=true),
allowPrivilegeEscalation != false (containers \\\
"restic-wait\\\",\\\"mysql\\\" must set securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false), unrestricted capabilities (containers \\\
"restic-wait\\\", \\\"mysql\\\" must set securityContext.capabilities.drop=[\\\"ALL\\\"]), seccompProfile (pod or containers \\\
"restic-wait\\\", \\\"mysql\\\" must set securityContext.seccompProfile.type to \\\
"RuntimeDefault\\\" or \\\"Localhost\\\")\"
logSource=\"/remote-source/velero/app/pkg/controller/restore_controller.go:510\"
restore=openshift-adp/todolist-backup-0780518c-08ed-11ee-805c-0a580a80e92c\n]",

Solution

In your DPA custom resource (CR), check or set the restore-resource-priorities field on the Velero server to ensure that securitycontextconstraints is listed in order before pods in the list of resources:

$ oc get dpa -o yaml

Example DPA CR

# ...
configuration:
  restic:
    enable: true
  velero:
    args:
      restore-resource-priorities: 'securitycontextconstraints,customresourcedefinitions,namespaces,storageclasses,volumesnapshotclass.snapshot.storage.k8s.io,volumesnapshotcontents.snapshot.storage.k8s.io,volumesnapshots.snapshot.storage.k8s.io,datauploads.velero.io,persistentvolumes,persistentvolumeclaims,serviceaccounts,secrets,configmaps,limitranges,pods,replicasets.apps,clusterclasses.cluster.x-k8s.io,endpoints,services,-,clusterbootstraps.run.tanzu.vmware.com,clusters.cluster.x-k8s.io,clusterresourcesets.addons.cluster.x-k8s.io' 1
    defaultPlugins:
    - gcp
    - openshift

1: If you have an existing restore resource priority list, ensure you combine that existing list with the complete list.

Ensure that the security standards for the application pods are aligned, as provided in Fixing PodSecurity Admission warnings for deployments, to prevent deployment warnings. If the application is not aligned with security standards, an error can occur regardless of the SCC.

Note

This solution is temporary, and ongoing discussions are in progress to address it.

Additional resources

Fixing PodSecurity Admission warnings for deployments

4.13.13. Using the must-gather tool

You can collect logs, metrics, and information about OADP custom resources by using the must-gather tool.

The must-gather data must be attached to all customer cases.

You can run the must-gather tool with the following data collection options:

Full must-gather data collection collects Prometheus metrics, pod logs, and Velero CR information for all namespaces where the OADP Operator is installed.
Essential must-gather data collection collects pod logs and Velero CR information for a specific duration of time, for example, one hour or 24 hours. Prometheus metrics and duplicate logs are not included.
must-gather data collection with timeout. Data collection can take a long time if there are many failed Backup CRs. You can improve performance by setting a timeout value.
Prometheus metrics data dump downloads an archive file containing the metrics data collected by Prometheus.

Prerequisites

You must be logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.
You must have the OpenShift CLI (oc) installed.
You must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.x with OADP 1.2.
You must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.x with OADP 1.3.

Procedure

Navigate to the directory where you want to store the must-gather data.
Run the oc adm must-gather command for one of the following data collection options:
- Full must-gather data collection, including Prometheus metrics:
  1. For OADP 1.2, run the following command:
    $ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel8:v1.2
  2. For OADP 1.3, run the following command:
    $ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel9:v1.3
    The data is saved as must-gather/must-gather.tar.gz. You can upload this file to a support case on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Essential must-gather data collection, without Prometheus metrics, for a specific time duration:
```
$ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel8:v1.1 \
  -- /usr/bin/gather_<time>_essential 1
```
  1
  Specify the time in hours. Allowed values are 1h, 6h, 24h, 72h, or all, for example, gather_1h_essential or gather_all_essential.
- must-gather data collection with timeout:
```
$ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel8:v1.1 \
  -- /usr/bin/gather_with_timeout <timeout> 1
```
  1
  Specify a timeout value in seconds.
- Prometheus metrics data dump:
  1. For OADP 1.2, run the following command:
    $ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel8:v1.2 -- /usr/bin/gather_metrics_dump
  2. For OADP 1.3, run the following command:
    $ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel9:v1.3 -- /usr/bin/gather_metrics_dump
    This operation can take a long time. The data is saved as must-gather/metrics/prom_data.tar.gz.

Additional resources

Gathering cluster data

4.13.13.1. Using must-gather with insecure TLS connections

If a custom CA certificate is used, the must-gather pod fails to grab the output for velero logs/describe. To use the must-gather tool with insecure TLS connections, you can pass the gather_without_tls flag to the must-gather command.

Procedure

Pass the gather_without_tls flag, with value set to true, to the must-gather tool by using the following command:

$ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel9:v1.3 -- /usr/bin/gather_without_tls <true/false>

By default, the flag value is set to false. Set the value to true to allow insecure TLS connections.

4.13.13.2. Combining options when using the must-gather tool

Currently, it is not possible to combine must-gather scripts, for example specifying a timeout threshold while permitting insecure TLS connections. In some situations, you can get around this limitation by setting up internal variables on the must-gather command line, such as the following example:

oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel9:v1.3 -- skip_tls=true /usr/bin/gather_with_timeout <timeout_value_in_seconds>

In this example, set the skip_tls variable before running the gather_with_timeout script. The result is a combination of gather_with_timeout and gather_without_tls.

The only other variables that you can specify this way are the following:

logs_since, with a default value of 72h
request_timeout, with a default value of 0s

If DataProtectionApplication custom resource (CR) is configured with s3Url and insecureSkipTLS: true, the CR does not collect the necessary logs because of a missing CA certificate. To collect those logs, run the must-gather command with the following option:

$ oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel9:v1.3 -- /usr/bin/gather_without_tls true

4.13.14. OADP Monitoring

The OpenShift Container Platform provides a monitoring stack that allows users and administrators to effectively monitor and manage their clusters, as well as monitor and analyze the workload performance of user applications and services running on the clusters, including receiving alerts if an event occurs.

Additional resources

Monitoring stack

4.13.14.1. OADP monitoring setup

The OADP Operator leverages an OpenShift User Workload Monitoring provided by the OpenShift Monitoring Stack for retrieving metrics from the Velero service endpoint. The monitoring stack allows creating user-defined Alerting Rules or querying metrics by using the OpenShift Metrics query front end.

With enabled User Workload Monitoring, it is possible to configure and use any Prometheus-compatible third-party UI, such as Grafana, to visualize Velero metrics.

Monitoring metrics requires enabling monitoring for the user-defined projects and creating a ServiceMonitor resource to scrape those metrics from the already enabled OADP service endpoint that resides in the openshift-adp namespace.

Prerequisites

You have access to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an account with cluster-admin permissions.
You have created a cluster monitoring config map.

Procedure

Edit the cluster-monitoring-config ConfigMap object in the openshift-monitoring namespace:
```
$ oc edit configmap cluster-monitoring-config -n openshift-monitoring
```
Add or enable the enableUserWorkload option in the data section’s config.yaml field:
```
apiVersion: v1
data:
  config.yaml: |
    enableUserWorkload: true 1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
# ...
```
1
Add this option or set to true

Wait a short period of time to verify the User Workload Monitoring Setup by checking if the following components are up and running in the openshift-user-workload-monitoring namespace:

$ oc get pods -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring

Example output

NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
prometheus-operator-6844b4b99c-b57j9   2/2     Running   0          43s
prometheus-user-workload-0             5/5     Running   0          32s
prometheus-user-workload-1             5/5     Running   0          32s
thanos-ruler-user-workload-0           3/3     Running   0          32s
thanos-ruler-user-workload-1           3/3     Running   0          32s

Verify the existence of the user-workload-monitoring-config ConfigMap in the openshift-user-workload-monitoring. If it exists, skip the remaining steps in this procedure.
```
$ oc get configmap user-workload-monitoring-config -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring
```
Example output
```
Error from server (NotFound): configmaps "user-workload-monitoring-config" not found
```
Create a user-workload-monitoring-config ConfigMap object for the User Workload Monitoring, and save it under the 2_configure_user_workload_monitoring.yaml file name:
Example output
```
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: user-workload-monitoring-config
  namespace: openshift-user-workload-monitoring
data:
  config.yaml: |
```

Apply the 2_configure_user_workload_monitoring.yaml file:

$ oc apply -f 2_configure_user_workload_monitoring.yaml
configmap/user-workload-monitoring-config created

4.13.14.2. Creating OADP service monitor

OADP provides an openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc service which is created when the DPA is configured. The service monitor used by the user workload monitoring must point to the defined service.

Get details about the service by running the following commands:

Procedure

Ensure the openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc service exists. It should contain app.kubernetes.io/name=velero label, which will be used as selector for the ServiceMonitor object.

$ oc get svc -n openshift-adp -l app.kubernetes.io/name=velero

Example output

NAME                               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc   ClusterIP   172.30.38.244   <none>        8085/TCP   1h

Create a ServiceMonitor YAML file that matches the existing service label, and save the file as 3_create_oadp_service_monitor.yaml. The service monitor is created in the openshift-adp namespace where the openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc service resides.

Example ServiceMonitor object

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
  labels:
    app: oadp-service-monitor
  name: oadp-service-monitor
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  endpoints:
  - interval: 30s
    path: /metrics
    targetPort: 8085
    scheme: http
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: "velero"

Apply the 3_create_oadp_service_monitor.yaml file:

$ oc apply -f 3_create_oadp_service_monitor.yaml

Example output

servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/oadp-service-monitor created

Verification

Confirm that the new service monitor is in an Up state by using the Administrator perspective of the OpenShift Container Platform web console:
1. Navigate to the Observe Targets page.
2. Ensure the Filter is unselected or that the User source is selected and type openshift-adp in the Text search field.
3. Verify that the status for the Status for the service monitor is Up.
  Figure 4.1. OADP metrics targets

4.13.14.3. Creating an alerting rule

The OpenShift Container Platform monitoring stack allows to receive Alerts configured using Alerting Rules. To create an Alerting rule for the OADP project, use one of the Metrics which are scraped with the user workload monitoring.

Procedure

Create a PrometheusRule YAML file with the sample OADPBackupFailing alert and save it as 4_create_oadp_alert_rule.yaml.

Sample OADPBackupFailing alert

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  name: sample-oadp-alert
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  groups:
  - name: sample-oadp-backup-alert
    rules:
    - alert: OADPBackupFailing
      annotations:
        description: 'OADP had {{$value | humanize}} backup failures over the last 2 hours.'
        summary: OADP has issues creating backups
      expr: |
        increase(velero_backup_failure_total{job="openshift-adp-velero-metrics-svc"}[2h]) > 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning

In this sample, the Alert displays under the following conditions:

There is an increase of new failing backups during the 2 last hours that is greater than 0 and the state persists for at least 5 minutes.
If the time of the first increase is less than 5 minutes, the Alert will be in a Pending state, after which it will turn into a Firing state.

Apply the 4_create_oadp_alert_rule.yaml file, which creates the PrometheusRule object in the openshift-adp namespace:
```
$ oc apply -f 4_create_oadp_alert_rule.yaml
```
Example output
```
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/sample-oadp-alert created
```

Verification

After the Alert is triggered, you can view it in the following ways:
- In the Developer perspective, select the Observe menu.
- In the Administrator perspective under the Observe Alerting menu, select User in the Filter box. Otherwise, by default only the Platform Alerts are displayed.
  Figure 4.2. OADP backup failing alert

Additional resources

Managing alerts

4.13.14.4. List of available metrics

These are the list of metrics provided by the OADP together with their Types.

Metric name	Description	Type
`kopia_content_cache_hit_bytes`	Number of bytes retrieved from the cache	Counter
`kopia_content_cache_hit_count`	Number of times content was retrieved from the cache	Counter
`kopia_content_cache_malformed`	Number of times malformed content was read from the cache	Counter
`kopia_content_cache_miss_count`	Number of times content was not found in the cache and fetched	Counter
`kopia_content_cache_missed_bytes`	Number of bytes retrieved from the underlying storage	Counter
`kopia_content_cache_miss_error_count`	Number of times content could not be found in the underlying storage	Counter
`kopia_content_cache_store_error_count`	Number of times content could not be saved in the cache	Counter
`kopia_content_get_bytes`	Number of bytes retrieved using `GetContent()`	Counter
`kopia_content_get_count`	Number of times `GetContent()` was called	Counter
`kopia_content_get_error_count`	Number of times `GetContent()` was called and the result was an error	Counter
`kopia_content_get_not_found_count`	Number of times `GetContent()` was called and the result was not found	Counter
`kopia_content_write_bytes`	Number of bytes passed to `WriteContent()`	Counter
`kopia_content_write_count`	Number of times `WriteContent()` was called	Counter
`velero_backup_attempt_total`	Total number of attempted backups	Counter
`velero_backup_deletion_attempt_total`	Total number of attempted backup deletions	Counter
`velero_backup_deletion_failure_total`	Total number of failed backup deletions	Counter
`velero_backup_deletion_success_total`	Total number of successful backup deletions	Counter
`velero_backup_duration_seconds`	Time taken to complete backup, in seconds	Histogram
`velero_backup_failure_total`	Total number of failed backups	Counter
`velero_backup_items_errors`	Total number of errors encountered during backup	Gauge
`velero_backup_items_total`	Total number of items backed up	Gauge
`velero_backup_last_status`	Last status of the backup. A value of 1 is success, 0.	Gauge
`velero_backup_last_successful_timestamp`	Last time a backup ran successfully, Unix timestamp in seconds	Gauge
`velero_backup_partial_failure_total`	Total number of partially failed backups	Counter
`velero_backup_success_total`	Total number of successful backups	Counter
`velero_backup_tarball_size_bytes`	Size, in bytes, of a backup	Gauge
`velero_backup_total`	Current number of existent backups	Gauge
`velero_backup_validation_failure_total`	Total number of validation failed backups	Counter
`velero_backup_warning_total`	Total number of warned backups	Counter
`velero_csi_snapshot_attempt_total`	Total number of CSI attempted volume snapshots	Counter
`velero_csi_snapshot_failure_total`	Total number of CSI failed volume snapshots	Counter
`velero_csi_snapshot_success_total`	Total number of CSI successful volume snapshots	Counter
`velero_restore_attempt_total`	Total number of attempted restores	Counter
`velero_restore_failed_total`	Total number of failed restores	Counter
`velero_restore_partial_failure_total`	Total number of partially failed restores	Counter
`velero_restore_success_total`	Total number of successful restores	Counter
`velero_restore_total`	Current number of existent restores	Gauge
`velero_restore_validation_failed_total`	Total number of failed restores failing validations	Counter
`velero_volume_snapshot_attempt_total`	Total number of attempted volume snapshots	Counter
`velero_volume_snapshot_failure_total`	Total number of failed volume snapshots	Counter
`velero_volume_snapshot_success_total`	Total number of successful volume snapshots	Counter

4.13.14.5. Viewing metrics using the Observe UI

You can view metrics in the OpenShift Container Platform web console from the Administrator or Developer perspective, which must have access to the openshift-adp project.

Procedure

Navigate to the Observe Metrics page:
- If you are using the Developer perspective, follow these steps:
  1. Select Custom query, or click on the Show PromQL link.
  2. Type the query and click Enter.
- If you are using the Administrator perspective, type the expression in the text field and select Run Queries.
  Figure 4.3. OADP metrics query

4.14. APIs used with OADP

The document provides information about the following APIs that you can use with OADP:

Velero API
OADP API

4.14.1. Velero API

Velero API documentation is maintained by Velero, not by Red Hat. It can be found at Velero API types.

4.14.2. OADP API

The following tables provide the structure of the OADP API:

Table 4.8. DataProtectionApplicationSpec
Property	Type	Description
`backupLocations`	[] `BackupLocation`	Defines the list of configurations to use for `BackupStorageLocations`.
`snapshotLocations`	[] `SnapshotLocation`	Defines the list of configurations to use for `VolumeSnapshotLocations`.
`unsupportedOverrides`	map [ UnsupportedImageKey ] string	Can be used to override the deployed dependent images for development. Options are `veleroImageFqin`, `awsPluginImageFqin`, `openshiftPluginImageFqin`, `azurePluginImageFqin`, `gcpPluginImageFqin`, `csiPluginImageFqin`, `dataMoverImageFqin`, `resticRestoreImageFqin`, `kubevirtPluginImageFqin`, and `operator-type`.
`podAnnotations`	map [ string ] string	Used to add annotations to pods deployed by Operators.
`podDnsPolicy`	`DNSPolicy`	Defines the configuration of the DNS of a pod.
`podDnsConfig`	`PodDNSConfig`	Defines the DNS parameters of a pod in addition to those generated from `DNSPolicy`.
`backupImages`	*bool	Used to specify whether or not you want to deploy a registry for enabling backup and restore of images.
`configuration`	*`ApplicationConfig`	Used to define the data protection application’s server configuration.
`features`	*`Features`	Defines the configuration for the DPA to enable the Technology Preview features.

Complete schema definitions for the OADP API.

Table 4.9. BackupLocation
Property	Type	Description
`velero`	*velero.BackupStorageLocationSpec	Location to store volume snapshots, as described in Backup Storage Location.
`bucket`	*CloudStorageLocation	[Technology Preview] Automates creation of a bucket at some cloud storage providers for use as a backup storage location.

Important

The bucket parameter is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Complete schema definitions for the type BackupLocation.

Table 4.10. SnapshotLocation
Property	Type	Description
`velero`	*VolumeSnapshotLocationSpec	Location to store volume snapshots, as described in Volume Snapshot Location.

Complete schema definitions for the type SnapshotLocation.

Table 4.11. ApplicationConfig
Property	Type	Description
`velero`	*VeleroConfig	Defines the configuration for the Velero server.
`restic`	*ResticConfig	Defines the configuration for the Restic server.

Complete schema definitions for the type ApplicationConfig.

Table 4.12. VeleroConfig
Property	Type	Description
`featureFlags`	[] string	Defines the list of features to enable for the Velero instance.
`defaultPlugins`	[] string	The following types of default Velero plugins can be installed: `aws`,`azure`, `csi`, `gcp`, `kubevirt`, and `openshift`.
`customPlugins`	[]CustomPlugin	Used for installation of custom Velero plugins. Default and custom plugins are described in OADP plugins
`restoreResourcesVersionPriority`	string	Represents a config map that is created if defined for use in conjunction with the `EnableAPIGroupVersions` feature flag. Defining this field automatically adds `EnableAPIGroupVersions` to the Velero server feature flag.
`noDefaultBackupLocation`	bool	To install Velero without a default backup storage location, you must set the `noDefaultBackupLocation` flag in order to confirm installation.
`podConfig`	*`PodConfig`	Defines the configuration of the `Velero` pod.
`logLevel`	string	Velero server’s log level (use `debug` for the most granular logging, leave unset for Velero default). Valid options are `trace`, `debug`, `info`, `warning`, `error`, `fatal`, and `panic`.

Complete schema definitions for the type VeleroConfig.

Table 4.13. CustomPlugin
Property	Type	Description
`name`	string	Name of custom plugin.
`image`	string	Image of custom plugin.

Complete schema definitions for the type CustomPlugin.

Table 4.14. ResticConfig
Property	Type	Description
`enable`	*bool	If set to `true`, enables backup and restore using Restic. If set to `false`, snapshots are needed.
`supplementalGroups`	[]int64	Defines the Linux groups to be applied to the `Restic` pod.
`timeout`	string	A user-supplied duration string that defines the Restic timeout. Default value is `1hr` (1 hour). A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as `300ms`, -1.5h` or `2h45m`. Valid time units are `ns`, `us` (or `µs`), `ms`, `s`, `m`, and `h`.
`podConfig`	*`PodConfig`	Defines the configuration of the `Restic` pod.

Complete schema definitions for the type ResticConfig.

Table 4.15. PodConfig
Property	Type	Description
`nodeSelector`	map [ string ] string	Defines the `nodeSelector` to be supplied to a `Velero` `podSpec` or a `Restic` `podSpec`. For more details, see Configuring node agents and node labels.
`tolerations`	[]Toleration	Defines the list of tolerations to be applied to a Velero deployment or a Restic `daemonset`.
`resourceAllocations`	ResourceRequirements	Set specific resource `limits` and `requests` for a `Velero` pod or a `Restic` pod as described in Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations.
`labels`	map [ string ] string	Labels to add to pods.

4.14.2.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

The DPA of OADP uses the nodeSelector field to select which nodes can run the node agent. The nodeSelector field is the simplest recommended form of node selection constraint.

Any label specified must match the labels on each node.

The correct way to run the node agent on any node you choose is for you to label the nodes with a custom label:

$ oc label node/<node_name> node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent=""

Use the same custom label in the DPA.spec.configuration.nodeAgent.podConfig.nodeSelector, which you used for labeling nodes. For example:

configuration:
  nodeAgent:
    enable: true
    podConfig:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/nodeAgent: ""

The following example is an anti-pattern of nodeSelector and does not work unless both labels, 'node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""' and 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""', are on the node:

    configuration:
      nodeAgent:
        enable: true
        podConfig:
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
            node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

Complete schema definitions for the type PodConfig.

Table 4.16. Features
Property	Type	Description
`dataMover`	*`DataMover`	Defines the configuration of the Data Mover.

Complete schema definitions for the type Features.

Table 4.17. DataMover
Property	Type	Description
`enable`	bool	If set to `true`, deploys the volume snapshot mover controller and a modified CSI Data Mover plugin. If set to `false`, these are not deployed.
`credentialName`	string	User-supplied Restic `Secret` name for Data Mover.
`timeout`	string	A user-supplied duration string for `VolumeSnapshotBackup` and `VolumeSnapshotRestore` to complete. Default is `10m` (10 minutes). A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as `300ms`, -1.5h` or `2h45m`. Valid time units are `ns`, `us` (or `µs`), `ms`, `s`, `m`, and `h`.

The OADP API is more fully detailed in OADP Operator.

4.15. Advanced OADP features and functionalities

This document provides information about advanced features and functionalities of OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP).

4.15.1. Working with different Kubernetes API versions on the same cluster

4.15.1.1. Listing the Kubernetes API group versions on a cluster

A source cluster might offer multiple versions of an API, where one of these versions is the preferred API version. For example, a source cluster with an API named Example might be available in the example.com/v1 and example.com/v1beta2 API groups.

If you use Velero to back up and restore such a source cluster, Velero backs up only the version of that resource that uses the preferred version of its Kubernetes API.

To return to the above example, if example.com/v1 is the preferred API, then Velero only backs up the version of a resource that uses example.com/v1. Moreover, the target cluster needs to have example.com/v1 registered in its set of available API resources in order for Velero to restore the resource on the target cluster.

Therefore, you need to generate a list of the Kubernetes API group versions on your target cluster to be sure the preferred API version is registered in its set of available API resources.

Procedure

Enter the following command:

$ oc api-resources

4.15.1.2. About Enable API Group Versions

By default, Velero only backs up resources that use the preferred version of the Kubernetes API. However, Velero also includes a feature, Enable API Group Versions, that overcomes this limitation. When enabled on the source cluster, this feature causes Velero to back up all Kubernetes API group versions that are supported on the cluster, not only the preferred one. After the versions are stored in the backup .tar file, they are available to be restored on the destination cluster.

For example, a source cluster with an API named Example might be available in the example.com/v1 and example.com/v1beta2 API groups, with example.com/v1 being the preferred API.

Without the Enable API Group Versions feature enabled, Velero backs up only the preferred API group version for Example, which is example.com/v1. With the feature enabled, Velero also backs up example.com/v1beta2.

When the Enable API Group Versions feature is enabled on the destination cluster, Velero selects the version to restore on the basis of the order of priority of API group versions.

Note

Enable API Group Versions is still in beta.

Velero uses the following algorithm to assign priorities to API versions, with 1 as the top priority:

Preferred version of the destination cluster
Preferred version of the source_ cluster
Common non-preferred supported version with the highest Kubernetes version priority

Additional resources

Enable API Group Versions Feature

4.15.1.3. Using Enable API Group Versions

You can use Velero’s Enable API Group Versions feature to back up all Kubernetes API group versions that are supported on a cluster, not only the preferred one.

Note

Enable API Group Versions is still in beta.

Procedure

Configure the EnableAPIGroupVersions feature flag:

apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/vialpha1
kind: DataProtectionApplication
...
spec:
  configuration:
    velero:
      featureFlags:
      - EnableAPIGroupVersions

Additional resources

Enable API Group Versions Feature

4.15.2. Backing up data from one cluster and restoring it to another cluster

4.15.2.1. About backing up data from one cluster and restoring it on another cluster

OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) is designed to back up and restore application data in the same OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) is designed to migrate containers, including application data, from one OpenShift Container Platform cluster to another cluster.

You can use OADP to back up application data from one OpenShift Container Platform cluster and restore it on another cluster. However, doing so is more complicated than using MTC or using OADP to back up and restore on the same cluster.

To successfully use OADP to back up data from one cluster and restore it to another cluster, you must take into account the following factors, in addition to the prerequisites and procedures that apply to using OADP to back up and restore data on the same cluster:

Operators
Use of Velero
UID and GID ranges

4.15.2.1.1. Operators

You must exclude Operators from the backup of an application for backup and restore to succeed.

4.15.2.1.2. Use of Velero

Velero, which OADP is built upon, does not natively support migrating persistent volume snapshots across cloud providers. To migrate volume snapshot data between cloud platforms, you must either enable the Velero Restic file system backup option, which backs up volume contents at the file system level, or use the OADP Data Mover for CSI snapshots.

Note

In OADP 1.1 and earlier, the Velero Restic file system backup option is called restic. In OADP 1.2 and later, the Velero Restic file system backup option is called file-system-backup.

You must also use Velero’s File System Backup to migrate data between AWS regions or between Microsoft Azure regions.
Velero does not support restoring data to a cluster with an earlier Kubernetes version than the source cluster.
It is theoretically possible to migrate workloads to a destination with a later Kubernetes version than the source, but you must consider the compatibility of API groups between clusters for each custom resource. If a Kubernetes version upgrade breaks the compatibility of core or native API groups, you must first update the impacted custom resources.

4.15.2.2. About determining which pod volumes to back up

Before you start a backup operation by using File System Backup (FSB), you must specify which pods contain a volume that you want to back up. Velero refers to this process as "discovering" the appropriate pod volumes.

Velero supports two approaches for determining pod volumes. Use the opt-in or the opt-out approach to allow Velero to decide between an FSB, a volume snapshot, or a Data Mover backup.

Opt-in approach: With the opt-in approach, volumes are backed up using snapshot or Data Mover by default. FSB is used on specific volumes that are opted-in by annotations.
Opt-out approach: With the opt-out approach, volumes are backed up using FSB by default. Snapshots or Data Mover is used on specific volumes that are opted-out by annotations.

4.15.2.2.1. Limitations

FSB does not support backing up and restoring hostpath volumes. However, FSB does support backing up and restoring local volumes.
Velero uses a static, common encryption key for all backup repositories it creates. This static key means that anyone who can access your backup storage can also decrypt your backup data. It is essential that you limit access to backup storage.
For PVCs, every incremental backup chain is maintained across pod reschedules.
For pod volumes that are not PVCs, such as emptyDir volumes, if a pod is deleted or recreated, for example, by a ReplicaSet or a deployment, the next backup of those volumes will be a full backup and not an incremental backup. It is assumed that the lifecycle of a pod volume is defined by its pod.
Even though backup data can be kept incrementally, backing up large files, such as a database, can take a long time. This is because FSB uses deduplication to find the difference that needs to be backed up.
FSB reads and writes data from volumes by accessing the file system of the node on which the pod is running. For this reason, FSB can only back up volumes that are mounted from a pod and not directly from a PVC. Some Velero users have overcome this limitation by running a staging pod, such as a BusyBox or Alpine container with an infinite sleep, to mount these PVC and PV pairs before performing a Velero backup..
FSB expects volumes to be mounted under <hostPath>/<pod UID>, with <hostPath> being configurable. Some Kubernetes systems, for example, vCluster, do not mount volumes under the <pod UID> subdirectory, and VFSB does not work with them as expected.

4.15.2.2.2. Backing up pod volumes by using the opt-in method

You can use the opt-in method to specify which volumes need to be backed up by File System Backup (FSB). You can do this by using the backup.velero.io/backup-volumes command.

Procedure

On each pod that contains one or more volumes that you want to back up, enter the following command:
```
$ oc -n <your_pod_namespace> annotate pod/<your_pod_name> \
  backup.velero.io/backup-volumes=<your_volume_name_1>, \ <your_volume_name_2>>,...,<your_volume_name_n>
```
where:
<your_volume_name_x>
specifies the name of the xth volume in the pod specification.

4.15.2.2.3. Backing up pod volumes by using the opt-out method

When using the opt-out approach, all pod volumes are backed up by using File System Backup (FSB), although there are some exceptions:

Volumes that mount the default service account token, secrets, and configuration maps.
hostPath volumes

You can use the opt-out method to specify which volumes not to back up. You can do this by using the backup.velero.io/backup-volumes-excludes command.

Procedure

On each pod that contains one or more volumes that you do not want to back up, run the following command:
```
$ oc -n <your_pod_namespace> annotate pod/<your_pod_name> \
  backup.velero.io/backup-volumes-excludes=<your_volume_name_1>, \ <your_volume_name_2>>,...,<your_volume_name_n>
```
where:
<your_volume_name_x>
specifies the name of the xth volume in the pod specification.

Note

You can enable this behavior for all Velero backups by running the velero install command with the --default-volumes-to-fs-backup flag.

4.15.2.3. UID and GID ranges

If you back up data from one cluster and restore it to another cluster, problems might occur with UID (User ID) and GID (Group ID) ranges. The following section explains these potential issues and mitigations:

Summary of the issues

The namespace UID and GID ranges might change depending on the destination cluster. OADP does not back up and restore OpenShift UID range metadata. If the backed up application requires a specific UID, ensure the range is availableupon restore. For more information about OpenShift’s UID and GID ranges, see A Guide to OpenShift and UIDs.

Detailed description of the issues

When you create a namespace in OpenShift Container Platform by using the shell command oc create namespace, OpenShift Container Platform assigns the namespace a unique User ID (UID) range from its available pool of UIDs, a Supplemental Group (GID) range, and unique SELinux MCS labels. This information is stored in the metadata.annotations field of the cluster. This information is part of the Security Context Constraints (SCC) annotations, which comprise of the following components:

openshift.io/sa.scc.mcs
openshift.io/sa.scc.supplemental-groups
openshift.io/sa.scc.uid-range

When you use OADP to restore the namespace, it automatically uses the information in metadata.annotations without resetting it for the destination cluster. As a result, the workload might not have access to the backed up data if any of the following is true:

There is an existing namespace with other SCC annotations, for example, on another cluster. In this case, OADP uses the existing namespace during the backup instead of the namespace you want to restore.
A label selector was used during the backup, but the namespace in which the workloads are executed does not have the label. In this case, OADP does not back up the namespace, but creates a new namespace during the restore that does not contain the annotations of the backed up namespace. This results in a new UID range being assigned to the namespace.
This can be an issue for customer workloads if OpenShift Container Platform assigns a pod a securityContext UID to a pod based on namespace annotations that have changed since the persistent volume data was backed up.
The UID of the container no longer matches the UID of the file owner.
An error occurs because OpenShift Container Platform has not changed the UID range of the destination cluster to match the backup cluster data. As a result, the backup cluster has a different UID than the destination cluster, which means that the application cannot read or write data on the destination cluster.
Mitigations
You can use one or more of the following mitigations to resolve the UID and GID range issues:
Simple mitigations:
- If you use a label selector in the Backup CR to filter the objects to include in the backup, be sure to add this label selector to the namespace that contains the workspace.
- Remove any pre-existing version of a namespace on the destination cluster before attempting to restore a namespace with the same name.
Advanced mitigations:
- Fix UID ranges after migration by Resolving overlapping UID ranges in OpenShift namespaces after migration. Step 1 is optional.

For an in-depth discussion of UID and GID ranges in OpenShift Container Platform with an emphasis on overcoming issues in backing up data on one cluster and restoring it on another, see A Guide to OpenShift and UIDs.

4.15.2.4. Backing up data from one cluster and restoring it to another cluster

In general, you back up data from one OpenShift Container Platform cluster and restore it on another OpenShift Container Platform cluster in the same way that you back up and restore data to the same cluster. However, there are some additional prerequisites and differences in the procedure when backing up data from one OpenShift Container Platform cluster and restoring it on another.

Prerequisites

All relevant prerequisites for backing up and restoring on your platform (for example, AWS, Microsoft Azure, GCP, and so on), especially the prerequisites for the Data Protection Application (DPA), are described in the relevant sections of this guide.

Procedure

Make the following additions to the procedures given for your platform:
- Ensure that the backup store location (BSL) and volume snapshot location have the same names and paths to restore resources to another cluster.
- Share the same object storage location credentials across the clusters.
- For best results, use OADP to create the namespace on the destination cluster.
- If you use the Velero file-system-backup option, enable the --default-volumes-to-fs-backup flag for use during backup by running the following command:
```
$ velero backup create <backup_name> --default-volumes-to-fs-backup <any_other_options>
```

Note

In OADP 1.2 and later, the Velero Restic option is called file-system-backup.

4.15.3. OADP storage class mapping

4.15.3.1. Storage class mapping

Storage class mapping allows you to define rules or policies specifying which storage class should be applied to different types of data. This feature automates the process of determining storage classes based on access frequency, data importance, and cost considerations. It optimizes storage efficiency and cost-effectiveness by ensuring that data is stored in the most suitable storage class for its characteristics and usage patterns.

You can use the change-storage-class-config field to change the storage class of your data objects, which lets you optimize costs and performance by moving data between different storage tiers, such as from standard to archival storage, based on your needs and access patterns.

4.15.3.1.1. Storage class mapping with Migration Toolkit for Containers

You can use the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) to migrate containers, including application data, from one OpenShift Container Platform cluster to another cluster and for storage class mapping and conversion. You can convert the storage class of a persistent volume (PV) by migrating it within the same cluster. To do so, you must create and run a migration plan in the MTC web console.

4.15.3.1.2. Mapping storage classes with OADP

You can use OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) with the Velero plugin v1.1.0 and later to change the storage class of a persistent volume (PV) during restores, by configuring a storage class mapping in the config map in the Velero namespace.

To deploy ConfigMap with OADP, use the change-storage-class-config field. You must change the storage class mapping based on your cloud provider.

Procedure

Change the storage class mapping by running the following command:
```
$ cat change-storageclass.yaml
```

Create a config map in the Velero namespace as shown in the following example:

Example

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: change-storage-class-config
  namespace: openshift-adp
  labels:
    velero.io/plugin-config: ""
    velero.io/change-storage-class: RestoreItemAction
data:
  standard-csi: ssd-csi

Save your storage class mapping preferences by running the following command:
```
$ oc create -f change-storage-class-config
```

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4.1. Introduction to OpenShift API for Data Protection

4.1.1. OpenShift API for Data Protection APIs

4.1.1.1. Support for OpenShift API for Data Protection

4.1.1.1.1. Unsupported versions of the OADP Operator

4.2. OADP release notes

4.2.1. OADP 1.4 release notes

4.2.1.1. OADP 1.4.1 release notes

4.2.1.1.1. New features

4.2.1.1.2. Resolved issues

4.2.1.1.3. Known issues

4.2.1.2. OADP 1.4.0 release notes

4.2.1.2.1. Resolved issues

4.2.1.2.2. Known issues

4.2.1.2.3. Upgrade notes

4.2.1.2.3.1. Changes from OADP 1.3 to 1.4

4.2.1.2.3.2. Backing up the DPA configuration

4.2.1.2.3.3. Upgrading the OADP Operator

4.2.1.2.4. Converting DPA to the new version

4.2.1.2.5. Verifying the upgrade

4.3. OADP performance

4.3.1. OADP recommended network settings

4.4. OADP features and plugins

4.4.1. OADP features

4.4.2. OADP plugins

4.4.3. About OADP Velero plugins

4.4.3.1. Default Velero cloud provider plugins

4.4.3.2. Custom Velero plugins

4.4.3.3. Velero plugins returning "received EOF, stopping recv loop" message

4.4.4. Supported architectures for OADP

4.4.5. OADP support for IBM Power and IBM Z

4.4.5.1. OADP support for target backup locations using IBM Power

4.4.5.2. OADP testing and support for target backup locations using IBM Z

4.4.5.2.1. Known issue of OADP using IBM Power(R) and IBM Z(R) platforms

4.4.6. OADP plugins known issues

4.4.6.1. Velero plugin panics during imagestream backups due to a missing secret

4.4.6.1.1. Workaround to avoid the panic error

4.4.6.2. OpenShift ADP Controller segmentation fault

4.4.6.2.1. OpenShift ADP Controller segmentation fault workaround

4.5. OADP use cases

4.5.1. Backup using OpenShift API for Data Protection and Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation (ODF)

4.5.1.1. Backing up an application using OADP and ODF

4.5.2. OpenShift API for Data Protection (OADP) restore use case

4.5.2.1. Restoring an application to a different namespace using OADP

4.6. Installing and configuring OADP

4.6.1. About installing OADP

4.6.1.1. AWS S3 compatible backup storage providers

4.6.1.1.1. Supported backup storage providers

4.6.1.1.2. Unsupported backup storage providers

4.6.1.1.3. Backup storage providers with known limitations

4.6.1.2. Configuring Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) for disaster recovery on OpenShift Data Foundation

4.6.1.3. About OADP update channels

4.6.1.4. Installation of OADP on multiple namespaces

4.6.1.5. Velero CPU and memory requirements based on collected data

4.6.1.5.1. CPU and memory requirement for configurations

4.6.1.5.2. NodeAgent CPU for large usage

4.6.2. Installing the OADP Operator

4.6.2.1. OADP-Velero-OpenShift Container Platform version relationship

4.6.3. Configuring the OpenShift API for Data Protection with AWS S3 compatible storage

4.6.3.1. Configuring Amazon Web Services

4.6.3.2. About backup and snapshot locations and their secrets

Backup locations

Snapshot locations

Secrets

4.6.3.2.1. Creating a default Secret

4.6.3.2.2. Creating profiles for different credentials

4.6.3.2.3. Configuring the backup storage location using AWS

4.6.3.2.4. Creating an OADP SSE-C encryption key for additional data security

4.6.3.2.4.1. Downloading a file with an SSE-C encryption key for files backed up by Velero

4.6.3.3. Configuring the Data Protection Application

4.6.3.3.1. Setting Velero CPU and memory resource allocations

4.6.3.3.2. Enabling self-signed CA certificates

4.6.3.3.2.1. Using CA certificates with the velero command aliased for Velero deployment

4.6.3.4. Installing the Data Protection Application

4.6.3.4.1. Configuring node agents and node labels

4.6.3.5. Configuring the backup storage location with a MD5 checksum algorithm

4.6.3.6. Configuring the DPA with client burst and QPS settings

4.6.3.7. Configuring the DPA with more than one BSL

4.6.3.7.1. Enabling CSI in the DataProtectionApplication CR