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Chapter 8. Direct Migration Requirements
Direct Migration is available with Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) 1.4.0 or later.
There are two parts of the Direct Migration:
- Direct Volume Migration
- Direct Image Migration
Direct Migration enables the migration of persistent volumes and internal images directly from the source cluster to the destination cluster without an intermediary replication repository (object storage).
8.1. Prerequisites
- Expose the internal registries for both clusters (source and destination) involved in the migration for external traffic.
- Ensure the remote source and destination clusters can communicate using OpenShift Container Platform routes on port 443.
Configure the exposed registry route in the source and destination MTC clusters; do this by specifying the
spec.exposedRegistryPathfield or from the MTC UI.Note- If the destination cluster is the same as the host cluster (where a migration controller exists), there is no need to configure the exposed registry route for that particular MTC cluster.
-
The
spec.exposedRegistryPathis required only for Direct Image Migration and not Direct Volume Migration.
-
Ensure the two spec flags in
MigPlancustom resource (CR)indirectImageMigrationandindirectVolumeMigrationare set tofalsefor Direct Migration to be performed. The default value for these flags isfalse.
The Direct Migration feature of MTC uses the Rsync utility.
8.2. Rsync configuration for direct volume migration
Direct Volume Migration (DVM) in MTC uses Rsync to synchronize files between the source and the target persistent volumes (PVs), using a direct connection between the two PVs.
Rsync is a command-line tool that allows you to transfer files and directories to local and remote destinations.
The rsync command used by DVM is optimized for clusters functioning as expected.
The MigrationController CR exposes the following variables to configure rsync_options in Direct Volume Migration:
| Variable | Type | Default value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| int | Not set |
When set to a positive integer, |
|
| bool |
|
Sets the |
|
| bool |
|
Sets the |
|
| bool |
|
Sets the |
|
| bool |
|
Sets the |
|
| string |
| Enables detailed logging in Rsync Pod. |
|
| string | Empty | Reserved for any other arbitrary options. |
-
Setting the options set through the variables above are global for all migrations. The configuration will take effect for all future migrations as soon as the Operator successfully reconciles the
MigrationControllerCR. Any ongoing migration can use the updated settings depending on which step it currently is in. Therefore, it is recommended that the settings be applied before running a migration. The users can always update the settings as needed. -
Use the
rsync_opt_extrasvariable with caution. Any options passed using this variable are appended to thersynccommand, with addition. Ensure you add white spaces when specifying more than one option. Any error in specifying options can lead to a failed migration. However, you can updateMigrationControllerCR as many times as you require for future migrations. -
Customizing the
rsync_opt_infoflag can adversely affect the progress reporting capabilities in MTC. However, removing progress reporting can have a performance advantage. This option should only be used when the performance of Rsync operation is observed to be unacceptable.
The default configuration used by DVM is tested in various environments. It is acceptable for most production use cases provided the clusters are healthy and performing well. These configuration variables should be used in case the default settings do not work and the Rsync operation fails.
8.2.1. Resource limit configurations for Rsync pods
The MigrationController CR exposes following variables to configure resource usage requirements and limits on Rsync:
| Variable | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| string |
| Source rsync pod’s CPU limit |
|
| string |
| Source rsync pod’s memory limit |
|
| string |
| Source rsync pod’s cpu requests |
|
| string |
| Source rsync pod’s memory requests |
|
| string |
| Target rsync pod’s cpu limit |
|
| string |
| Target rsync pod’s cpu requests |
|
| string |
| Target rsync pod’s memory limit |
|
| string |
| Target rsync pod’s memory requests |
8.2.1.1. Supplemental group configuration for Rsync pods
If Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) are using a shared storage, the access to storage can be configured by adding supplemental groups to Rsync pod definitions in order for the pods to allow access:
| Variable | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| string | Not Set | Comma separated list of supplemental groups for source Rsync pods |
|
| string | Not Set | Comma separated list of supplemental groups for target Rsync Pods |
For example, the MigrationController CR can be updated to set the previous values:
spec: src_supplemental_groups: "1000,2000" target_supplemental_groups: "2000,3000"
8.2.1.2. Rsync retry configuration
With Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) 1.4.3 and later, a new ability of retrying a failed Rsync operation is introduced.
By default, the migration controller retries Rsync until all of the data is successfully transferred from the source to the target volume or a specified number of retries is met. The default retry limit is set to 20.
For larger volumes, a limit of 20 retries may not be sufficient.
You can increase the retry limit by using the following variable in the MigrationController CR:
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: MigrationController metadata: name: migration-controller namespace: openshift-migration spec: [...] rsync_backoff_limit: 40
In this example, the retry limit is increased to 40.
8.2.1.3. Running Rsync as either root or non-root
OpenShift Container Platform environments have the PodSecurityAdmission controller enabled by default. This controller requires cluster administrators to enforce Pod Security Standards by means of namespace labels. All workloads in the cluster are expected to run one of the following Pod Security Standard levels: Privileged, Baseline or Restricted. Every cluster has its own default policy set.
To guarantee successful data transfer in all environments, Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) 1.7.5 introduced changes in Rsync pods, including running Rsync pods as non-root user by default. This ensures that data transfer is possible even for workloads that do not necessarily require higher privileges. This change was made because it is best to run workloads with the lowest level of privileges possible.
8.2.1.3.1. Manually overriding default non-root operation for data transfer
Although running Rsync pods as non-root user works in most cases, data transfer might fail when you run workloads as root user on the source side. MTC provides two ways to manually override default non-root operation for data transfer:
- Configure all migrations to run an Rsync pod as root on the destination cluster for all migrations.
- Run an Rsync pod as root on the destination cluster per migration.
In both cases, you must set the following labels on the source side of any namespaces that are running workloads with higher privileges before migration: enforce, audit, and warn.
To learn more about Pod Security Admission and setting values for labels, see Controlling pod security admission synchronization.
8.2.1.3.2. Configuring the MigrationController CR as root or non-root for all migrations
By default, Rsync runs as non-root.
On the destination cluster, you can configure the MigrationController CR to run Rsync as root.
Procedure
Configure the
MigrationControllerCR as follows:apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: MigrationController metadata: name: migration-controller namespace: openshift-migration spec: [...] migration_rsync_privileged: true
This configuration will apply to all future migrations.
8.2.1.3.3. Configuring the MigMigration CR as root or non-root per migration
On the destination cluster, you can configure the MigMigration CR to run Rsync as root or non-root, with the following non-root options:
- As a specific user ID (UID)
- As a specific group ID (GID)
Procedure
To run Rsync as root, configure the
MigMigrationCR according to this example:apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: MigMigration metadata: name: migration-controller namespace: openshift-migration spec: [...] runAsRoot: true
To run Rsync as a specific User ID (UID) or as a specific Group ID (GID), configure the
MigMigrationCR according to this example:apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: MigMigration metadata: name: migration-controller namespace: openshift-migration spec: [...] runAsUser: 10010001 runAsGroup: 3
8.2.2. MigCluster Configuration
For every MigCluster resource created in Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC), a ConfigMap named migration-cluster-config is created in the Migration Operator’s namespace on the cluster which MigCluster resource represents.
The migration-cluster-config allows you to configure MigCluster specific values. The Migration Operator manages the migration-cluster-config.
You can configure every value in the ConfigMap using the variables exposed in the MigrationController CR:
| Variable | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| string | No | Image to use for Stage Pods (applicable only to IndirectVolumeMigration) |
|
| string | No | Image to use for Migration Registry |
|
| string | No |
Type of endpoint for data transfer ( |
|
| string | No | Image to use for Rsync Pods (applicable only to DirectVolumeMigration) |
|
| bool | No | Whether to run Rsync Pods as privileged or not |
|
| bool | No |
Whether to run Rsync Pods as super privileged containers ( |
|
| string | No | Cluster’s subdomain |
|
| int | No | Readiness timeout (in seconds) for Migration Registry Deployment |
|
| int | No | Liveness timeout (in seconds) for Migration Registry Deployment |
|
| string | No | Subpath to validate exposed registry in a MigCluster (for example /v2) |
8.3. Direct migration known issues
8.3.1. Applying the Skip SELinux relabel workaround with spc_t automatically on workloads running on OpenShift Container Platform
When attempting to migrate a namespace with Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) and a substantial volume associated with it, the rsync-server may become frozen without any further information to troubleshoot the issue.
8.3.1.1. Diagnosing the need for the Skip SELinux relabel workaround
Search for an error of Unable to attach or mount volumes for pod…timed out waiting for the condition in the kubelet logs from the node where the rsync-server for the Direct Volume Migration (DVM) runs.
Example kubelet log
kubenswrapper[3879]: W0326 16:30:36.749224 3879 volume_linux.go:49] Setting volume ownership for /var/lib/kubelet/pods/8905d88e-6531-4d65-9c2a-eff11dc7eb29/volumes/kubernetes.io~csi/pvc-287d1988-3fd9-4517-a0c7-22539acd31e6/mount and fsGroup set. If the volume has a lot of files then setting volume ownership could be slow, see https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/69699 kubenswrapper[3879]: E0326 16:32:02.706363 3879 kubelet.go:1841] "Unable to attach or mount volumes for pod; skipping pod" err="unmounted volumes=[8db9d5b032dab17d4ea9495af12e085a], unattached volumes=[crane2-rsync-server-secret 8db9d5b032dab17d4ea9495af12e085a kube-api-access-dlbd2 crane2-stunnel-server-config crane2-stunnel-server-secret crane2-rsync-server-config]: timed out waiting for the condition" pod="caboodle-preprod/rsync-server" kubenswrapper[3879]: E0326 16:32:02.706496 3879 pod_workers.go:965] "Error syncing pod, skipping" err="unmounted volumes=[8db9d5b032dab17d4ea9495af12e085a], unattached volumes=[crane2-rsync-server-secret 8db9d5b032dab17d4ea9495af12e085a kube-api-access-dlbd2 crane2-stunnel-server-config crane2-stunnel-server-secret crane2-rsync-server-config]: timed out waiting for the condition" pod="caboodle-preprod/rsync-server" podUID=8905d88e-6531-4d65-9c2a-eff11dc7eb29
8.3.1.2. Resolving using the Skip SELinux relabel workaround
To resolve this issue, set the migration_rsync_super_privileged parameter to true in both the source and destination MigClusters using the MigrationController custom resource (CR).
Example MigrationController CR
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
name: migration-controller
namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
migration_rsync_super_privileged: true 1
azure_resource_group: ""
cluster_name: host
mig_namespace_limit: "10"
mig_pod_limit: "100"
mig_pv_limit: "100"
migration_controller: true
migration_log_reader: true
migration_ui: true
migration_velero: true
olm_managed: true
restic_timeout: 1h
version: 1.8.3
- 1
- The value of the
migration_rsync_super_privilegedparameter indicates whether or not to run Rsync Pods as super privileged containers (spc_t selinux context). Valid settings aretrueorfalse.
