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26.2. Introducing kernel resource controllers

Kernel resource controllers enable the functionality of control groups. RHEL 10 supports various controllers for control groups version 1 (cgroups-v1) and control groups version 2 (cgroups-v2).

A resource controller, also called a control group subsystem, is a kernel subsystem that represents a single resource, such as CPU time, memory, network bandwidth or disk I/O. The Linux kernel provides a range of resource controllers that are mounted automatically by the systemd service manager.

You can find a list of the currently mounted resource controllers in the /proc/cgroups file.

Controllers available for cgroups-v1
  • blkio: Sets limits on input/output access to and from block devices.
  • cpu: Adjusts the parameters of the default scheduler for a control group’s tasks. The cpu controller is mounted together with the cpuacct controller on the same mount.
  • cpuacct: Creates automatic reports on CPU resources used by tasks in a control group. The cpuacct controller is mounted together with the cpu controller on the same mount.
  • cpuset:Restricts control group tasks to run only on a specified subset of CPUs and to direct the tasks to use memory only on specified memory nodes.
  • devices: Controls access to devices for tasks in a control group.
  • freezer: Suspends or resumes tasks in a control group.
  • memory: Sets limits on memory use by tasks in a control group and generates automatic reports on memory resources used by those tasks.
  • net_cls: Tags network packets with a class identifier (classid) that enables the Linux traffic controller (the tc command) to identify packets that originate from a particular control group task. A subsystem of net_cls, the net_filter (iptables), can also use this tag to perform actions on such packets.
  • net_filter: Tags network sockets with a firewall identifier (fwid) that allows the Linux firewall to identify packets that originate from a particular control group task (by using the iptables command).
  • net_prio: Sets the priority of network traffic.
  • pids: Sets limits for multiple processes and their children in a control group.
  • perf_event: Groups tasks for monitoring by the perf performance monitoring and reporting utility.
  • rdma: Sets limits on Remote Direct Memory Access/InfiniBand specific resources in a control group.
  • hugetlb: Limits the usage of large size virtual memory pages by tasks in a control group.
Controllers available for cgroups-v2
  • io: Sets limits on input/output access to and from block devices.
  • memory: Sets limits on memory use by tasks in a control group and generates automatic reports on memory resources used by those tasks.
  • pids: Sets limits for multiple processes and their children in a control group.
  • rdma: Sets limits on Remote Direct Memory Access/InfiniBand specific resources in a control group.
  • cpu: Adjusts the parameters of the default scheduler for a control group’s tasks and creates automatic reports on CPU resources used by tasks in a control group.
  • cpuset: Restricts control group tasks to run only on a specified subset of CPUs and to direct the tasks to use memory only on specified memory nodes. Supports only the core functionality (cpus{,.effective}, mems{,.effective}) with a new partition feature.
  • perf_event: Groups tasks for monitoring by the perf performance monitoring and reporting utility. perf_event is enabled automatically on the v2 hierarchy.
重要

A resource controller can be used either in a cgroups-v1 hierarchy or a cgroups-v2 hierarchy, not simultaneously in both.

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