2.11. Debugging nftables rules

Procedure

1. Add a new rule with the counter parameter to the chain. The following example adds a rule with a counter that allows TCP traffic on port 22 and counts the packets and traffic that match this rule:

   # nft add rule inet example_table example_chain tcp dport 22 counter accept

2. To display the counter values:

   # nft list ruleset
   table inet example_table {
     chain example_chain {
       type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
       tcp dport ssh counter packets 6872 bytes 105448565 accept
     }
   }

Procedure

1. Display the rules in the chain including their handles:

   # nft --handle list chain inet example_table example_chain
   table inet example_table {
     chain example_chain { # handle 1
       type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
       tcp dport ssh accept # handle 4
     }
   }

2. Add the counter by replacing the rule but with the counter parameter. The following example replaces the rule displayed in the previous step and adds a counter:

   # nft replace rule inet example_table example_chain handle 4 tcp dport 22 counter accept

3. To display the counter values:

   # nft list ruleset
   table inet example_table {
     chain example_chain {
       type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
       tcp dport ssh counter packets 6872 bytes 105448565 accept
     }
   }

Procedure

1. Display the rules in the chain including their handles:

   # nft --handle list chain inet example_table example_chain
   table inet example_table {
     chain example_chain { # handle 1
       type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
       tcp dport ssh accept # handle 4
     }
   }

2. Add the tracing feature by replacing the rule but with the meta nftrace set 1 parameters. The following example replaces the rule displayed in the previous step and enables tracing:

   # nft replace rule inet example_table example_chain handle 4 tcp dport 22 meta nftrace set 1 accept

3. Use the nft monitor command to display the tracing. The following example filters the output of the command to display only entries that contain inet example_table example_chain:

   # nft monitor | grep "inet example_table example_chain"
   trace id 3c5eb15e inet example_table example_chain packet: iif "enp1s0" ether saddr 52:54:00:17:ff:e4 ether daddr 52:54:00:72:2f:6e ip saddr 192.0.2.1 ip daddr 192.0.2.2 ip dscp cs0 ip ecn not-ect ip ttl 64 ip id 49710 ip protocol tcp ip length 60 tcp sport 56728 tcp dport ssh tcp flags == syn tcp window 64240
   trace id 3c5eb15e inet example_table example_chain rule tcp dport ssh nftrace set 1 accept (verdict accept)
   ...

   警告

   Depending on the number of rules with tracing enabled and the amount of matching traffic, the nft monitor command can display a lot of output. Use grep or other utilities to filter the output.