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第 9 章 Avoiding listen queue lock contention

Queue lock contention can cause packet drops and higher CPU usage and, consequently, a higher latency. You can avoid queue lock contention on the receive (RX) and transmit (TX) queue by tuning your application and using transmit packet steering.

Improving the performance of multi-threaded network server applications on multi-core systems can be done by opening the port with the SO_REUSEPORT or SO_REUSEPORT_BPF socket option. Without these, all threads must share a single socket to receive incoming traffic.

Using a single socket causes:

  • Significant contention on the receive buffer, which can cause packet drops and higher CPU usage.
  • A significant increase of CPU usage
  • Possibly packet drops
Packet flow diagram: Lock contention caused by using only a single UDP socket

With the SO_REUSEPORT or SO_REUSEPORT_BPF socket option, multiple sockets on one host can bind to the same port:

Packet flow diagram: Using the `SO_REUSEPORT` and `SO_REUSEPORT_BPF` socket options to avoid lock contention

For further details, see the socket(7) man page and the /usr/src/debug/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>/tools/testing/selftests/net/reuseport_bpf_cpu.c file on your system.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides a code example of how to use the SO_REUSEPORT socket options in the kernel sources. To access the code example:

  1. Enable the rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-debug-rpms repository: 

    # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-debug-rpms

  2. Install the kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 package: 

    # dnf install kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64
  3. The code example is now available in the /usr/src/debug/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>/tools/testing/selftests/net/reuseport_bpf_cpu.c file.
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