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Chapter 72. Cassandra CQL Component
Available as of Camel version 2.15
Apache Cassandra is an open source NoSQL database designed to handle large amounts on commodity hardware. Like Amazon’s DynamoDB, Cassandra has a peer-to-peer and master-less architecture to avoid single point of failure and garanty high availability. Like Google’s BigTable, Cassandra data is structured using column families which can be accessed through the Thrift RPC API or a SQL-like API called CQL.
This component aims at integrating Cassandra 2.0+ using the CQL3 API (not the Thrift API). It’s based on Cassandra Java Driver provided by DataStax.
Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml
:
pom.xml
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId> <artifactId>camel-cassandraql</artifactId> <version>x.y.z</version> <!-- use the same version as your Camel core version --> </dependency>
72.1. URI format
The endpoint can initiate the Cassandra connection or use an existing one.
URI | Description |
---|---|
| Single host, default port, usual for testing |
| Multi host, default port |
| Multi host, custom port |
| Default port and keyspace |
| Provided Session reference |
| Provided Cluster reference |
To fine tune the Cassandra connection (SSL options, pooling options, load balancing policy, retry policy, reconnection policy…), create your own Cluster instance and give it to the Camel endpoint.
72.2. Cassandra Options
The Cassandra CQL component has no options.
The Cassandra CQL endpoint is configured using URI syntax:
cql:beanRef:hosts:port/keyspace
with the following path and query parameters:
72.2.1. Path Parameters (4 parameters):
Name | Description | Default | Type |
---|---|---|---|
beanRef | beanRef is defined using bean:id | String | |
hosts | Hostname(s) cassansdra server(s). Multiple hosts can be separated by comma. | String | |
port | Port number of cassansdra server(s) | Integer | |
keyspace | Keyspace to use | String |
72.2.2. Query Parameters (29 parameters):
Name | Description | Default | Type |
---|---|---|---|
cluster (common) | To use the Cluster instance (you would normally not use this option) | Cluster | |
clusterName (common) | Cluster name | String | |
consistencyLevel (common) | Consistency level to use | ConsistencyLevel | |
cql (common) | CQL query to perform. Can be overridden with the message header with key CamelCqlQuery. | String | |
loadBalancingPolicy (common) | To use a specific LoadBalancingPolicy | String | |
password (common) | Password for session authentication | String | |
prepareStatements (common) | Whether to use PreparedStatements or regular Statements | true | boolean |
resultSetConversionStrategy (common) | To use a custom class that implements logic for converting ResultSet into message body ALL, ONE, LIMIT_10, LIMIT_100… | String | |
session (common) | To use the Session instance (you would normally not use this option) | Session | |
username (common) | Username for session authentication | String | |
bridgeErrorHandler (consumer) | Allows for bridging the consumer to the Camel routing Error Handler, which mean any exceptions occurred while the consumer is trying to pickup incoming messages, or the likes, will now be processed as a message and handled by the routing Error Handler. By default the consumer will use the org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler to deal with exceptions, that will be logged at WARN or ERROR level and ignored. | false | boolean |
sendEmptyMessageWhenIdle (consumer) | If the polling consumer did not poll any files, you can enable this option to send an empty message (no body) instead. | false | boolean |
exceptionHandler (consumer) | To let the consumer use a custom ExceptionHandler. Notice if the option bridgeErrorHandler is enabled then this options is not in use. By default the consumer will deal with exceptions, that will be logged at WARN or ERROR level and ignored. | ExceptionHandler | |
exchangePattern (consumer) | Sets the exchange pattern when the consumer creates an exchange. | ExchangePattern | |
pollStrategy (consumer) | A pluggable org.apache.camel.PollingConsumerPollingStrategy allowing you to provide your custom implementation to control error handling usually occurred during the poll operation before an Exchange have been created and being routed in Camel. | PollingConsumerPoll Strategy | |
synchronous (advanced) | Sets whether synchronous processing should be strictly used, or Camel is allowed to use asynchronous processing (if supported). | false | boolean |
backoffErrorThreshold (scheduler) | The number of subsequent error polls (failed due some error) that should happen before the backoffMultipler should kick-in. | int | |
backoffIdleThreshold (scheduler) | The number of subsequent idle polls that should happen before the backoffMultipler should kick-in. | int | |
backoffMultiplier (scheduler) | To let the scheduled polling consumer backoff if there has been a number of subsequent idles/errors in a row. The multiplier is then the number of polls that will be skipped before the next actual attempt is happening again. When this option is in use then backoffIdleThreshold and/or backoffErrorThreshold must also be configured. | int | |
delay (scheduler) | Milliseconds before the next poll. You can also specify time values using units, such as 60s (60 seconds), 5m30s (5 minutes and 30 seconds), and 1h (1 hour). | 500 | long |
greedy (scheduler) | If greedy is enabled, then the ScheduledPollConsumer will run immediately again, if the previous run polled 1 or more messages. | false | boolean |
initialDelay (scheduler) | Milliseconds before the first poll starts. You can also specify time values using units, such as 60s (60 seconds), 5m30s (5 minutes and 30 seconds), and 1h (1 hour). | 1000 | long |
runLoggingLevel (scheduler) | The consumer logs a start/complete log line when it polls. This option allows you to configure the logging level for that. | TRACE | LoggingLevel |
scheduledExecutorService (scheduler) | Allows for configuring a custom/shared thread pool to use for the consumer. By default each consumer has its own single threaded thread pool. | ScheduledExecutor Service | |
scheduler (scheduler) | To use a cron scheduler from either camel-spring or camel-quartz2 component | none | ScheduledPollConsumer Scheduler |
schedulerProperties (scheduler) | To configure additional properties when using a custom scheduler or any of the Quartz2, Spring based scheduler. | Map | |
startScheduler (scheduler) | Whether the scheduler should be auto started. | true | boolean |
timeUnit (scheduler) | Time unit for initialDelay and delay options. | MILLISECONDS | TimeUnit |
useFixedDelay (scheduler) | Controls if fixed delay or fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details. | true | boolean |
72.3. Messages
72.3.1. Incoming Message
The Camel Cassandra endpoint expects a bunch of simple objects (Object
or Object[]
or Collection<Object>
) which will be bound to the CQL statement as query parameters. If message body is null or empty, then CQL query will be executed without binding parameters.
Headers:
-
CamelCqlQuery
(optional,String
orRegularStatement
): CQL query either as a plain String or built using theQueryBuilder
.
72.3.2. Outgoing Message
The Camel Cassandra endpoint produces one or many a Cassandra Row objects depending on the resultSetConversionStrategy
:
-
List<Row>
ifresultSetConversionStrategy
isALL
orLIMIT_[0-9]+
-
Single` Row` if
resultSetConversionStrategy
isONE
-
Anything else, if
resultSetConversionStrategy
is a custom implementation of theResultSetConversionStrategy
72.4. Repositories
Cassandra can be used to store message keys or messages for the idempotent and aggregation EIP.
Cassandra might not be the best tool for queuing use cases yet, read Cassandra anti-patterns queues and queue like datasets. It’s advised to use LeveledCompaction and a small GC grace setting for these tables to allow tombstoned rows to be removed quickly.
72.5. Idempotent repository
The NamedCassandraIdempotentRepository
stores messages keys in a Cassandra table like this:
CAMEL_IDEMPOTENT.cql
CREATE TABLE CAMEL_IDEMPOTENT ( NAME varchar, -- Repository name KEY varchar, -- Message key PRIMARY KEY (NAME, KEY) ) WITH compaction = {'class':'LeveledCompactionStrategy'} AND gc_grace_seconds = 86400;
This repository implementation uses lightweight transactions (also known as Compare and Set) and requires Cassandra 2.0.7+.
Alternatively, the CassandraIdempotentRepository
does not have a NAME
column and can be extended to use a different data model.
Option | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
|
| Table name |
|
| Primary key columns |
|
Repository name, value used for | |
| Key time to live | |
|
Consistency level used to insert/delete key: | |
|
Consistency level used to read/check key: |
72.6. Aggregation repository
The NamedCassandraAggregationRepository
stores exchanges by correlation key in a Cassandra table like this:
CAMEL_AGGREGATION.cql
CREATE TABLE CAMEL_AGGREGATION ( NAME varchar, -- Repository name KEY varchar, -- Correlation id EXCHANGE_ID varchar, -- Exchange id EXCHANGE blob, -- Serialized exchange PRIMARY KEY (NAME, KEY) ) WITH compaction = {'class':'LeveledCompactionStrategy'} AND gc_grace_seconds = 86400;
Alternatively, the CassandraAggregationRepository
does not have a NAME
column and can be extended to use a different data model.
Option | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
|
| Table name |
|
| Primary key columns |
|
| Exchange Id column |
|
| Exchange content column |
|
Repository name, value used for | |
| Exchange time to live | |
|
Consistency level used to insert/delete exchange: | |
|
Consistency level used to read/check exchange: |