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Chapter 8. OVN-Kubernetes network plugin
8.1. About the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin
The OpenShift Dedicated cluster uses a virtualized network for pod and service networks.
Part of Red Hat OpenShift Networking, the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin is the default network provider for OpenShift Dedicated. OVN-Kubernetes is based on Open Virtual Network (OVN) and provides an overlay-based networking implementation. A cluster that uses the OVN-Kubernetes plugin also runs Open vSwitch (OVS) on each node. OVN configures OVS on each node to implement the declared network configuration.
OVN-Kubernetes is the default networking solution for OpenShift Dedicated and single-node OpenShift deployments.
OVN-Kubernetes, which arose from the OVS project, uses many of the same constructs, such as open flow rules, to determine how packets travel through the network. For more information, see the Open Virtual Network website.
OVN-Kubernetes is a series of daemons for OVS that translate virtual network configurations into OpenFlow rules. OpenFlow is a protocol for communicating with network switches and routers, providing a means for remotely controlling the flow of network traffic on a network device so that network administrators can configure, manage, and monitor the flow of network traffic.
OVN-Kubernetes provides more of the advanced functionality not available with OpenFlow. OVN supports distributed virtual routing, distributed logical switches, access control, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and DNS. OVN implements distributed virtual routing within logic flows that equate to open flows. For example, if you have a pod that sends out a DHCP request to the DHCP server on the network, a logic flow rule in the request helps the OVN-Kubernetes handle the packet so that the server can respond with gateway, DNS server, IP address, and other information.
OVN-Kubernetes runs a daemon on each node. There are daemon sets for the databases and for the OVN controller that run on every node. The OVN controller programs the Open vSwitch daemon on the nodes to support the network provider features: egress IPs, firewalls, routers, hybrid networking, IPSEC encryption, IPv6, network policy, network policy logs, hardware offloading, and multicast.
8.1.1. OVN-Kubernetes purpose
The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin is an open-source, fully-featured Kubernetes CNI plugin that uses Open Virtual Network (OVN) to manage network traffic flows. OVN is a community developed, vendor-agnostic network virtualization solution. The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin uses the following technologies:
- OVN to manage network traffic flows.
- Kubernetes network policy support and logs, including ingress and egress rules.
- The Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation (Geneve) protocol, rather than Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN), to create an overlay network between nodes.
The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin supports the following capabilities:
- Hybrid clusters that can run both Linux and Microsoft Windows workloads. This environment is known as hybrid networking.
- Offloading of network data processing from the host central processing unit (CPU) to compatible network cards and data processing units (DPUs). This is known as hardware offloading.
- IPv4-primary dual-stack networking on bare-metal, VMware vSphere, IBM Power®, IBM Z®, and RHOSP platforms.
- IPv6 single-stack networking on a bare-metal platform.
- IPv6-primary dual-stack networking for a cluster running on a bare-metal, a VMware vSphere, or an RHOSP platform.
- Egress firewall devices and egress IP addresses.
- Egress router devices that operate in redirect mode.
- IPsec encryption of intracluster communications.
8.1.2. OVN-Kubernetes IPv6 and dual-stack limitations
The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin has the following limitations:
For clusters configured for dual-stack networking, both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic must use the same network interface as the default gateway. If this requirement is not met, pods on the host in the
ovnkube-nodedaemon set enter theCrashLoopBackOffstate. If you display a pod with a command such asoc get pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -l app=ovnkube-node -o yaml, thestatusfield contains more than one message about the default gateway, as shown in the following output:I1006 16:09:50.985852 60651 helper_linux.go:73] Found default gateway interface br-ex 192.168.127.1 I1006 16:09:50.985923 60651 helper_linux.go:73] Found default gateway interface ens4 fe80::5054:ff:febe:bcd4 F1006 16:09:50.985939 60651 ovnkube.go:130] multiple gateway interfaces detected: br-ex ens4
The only resolution is to reconfigure the host networking so that both IP families use the same network interface for the default gateway.
For clusters configured for dual-stack networking, both the IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables must contain the default gateway. If this requirement is not met, pods on the host in the
ovnkube-nodedaemon set enter theCrashLoopBackOffstate. If you display a pod with a command such asoc get pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -l app=ovnkube-node -o yaml, thestatusfield contains more than one message about the default gateway, as shown in the following output:I0512 19:07:17.589083 108432 helper_linux.go:74] Found default gateway interface br-ex 192.168.123.1 F0512 19:07:17.589141 108432 ovnkube.go:133] failed to get default gateway interface
The only resolution is to reconfigure the host networking so that both IP families contain the default gateway.
8.1.3. Session affinity
Session affinity is a feature that applies to Kubernetes Service objects. You can use session affinity if you want to ensure that each time you connect to a <service_VIP>:<Port>, the traffic is always load balanced to the same back end. For more information, including how to set session affinity based on a client’s IP address, see Session affinity.
Stickiness timeout for session affinity
The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin for OpenShift Dedicated calculates the stickiness timeout for a session from a client based on the last packet. For example, if you run a curl command 10 times, the sticky session timer starts from the tenth packet not the first. As a result, if the client is continuously contacting the service, then the session never times out. The timeout starts when the service has not received a packet for the amount of time set by the timeoutSeconds parameter.
