Installing on AWS
Installing OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services
Abstract
Chapter 1. Installation methods
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS) using installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure. The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, where the installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provision. If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisions, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on a single node, which is a specialized installation method that is ideal for edge computing environments.
1.1. Installing a cluster on installer-provisioned infrastructure
You can install a cluster on AWS infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program, by using one of the following methods:
- Installing a cluster quickly on AWS: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. You can install a cluster quickly by using the default configuration options.
- Installing a customized cluster on AWS: You can install a customized cluster on AWS infrastructure that the installation program provisions. The installation program allows for some customization to be applied at the installation stage. Many other customization options are available post-installation.
- Installing a cluster on AWS with network customizations: You can customize your OpenShift Container Platform network configuration during installation, so that your cluster can coexist with your existing IP address allocations and adhere to your network requirements.
- Installing a cluster on AWS in a restricted network: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS on installer-provisioned infrastructure by using an internal mirror of the installation release content. You can use this method to install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components.
- Installing a cluster on an existing Virtual Private Cloud: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on an existing AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). You can use this installation method if you have constraints set by the guidelines of your company, such as limits when creating new accounts or infrastructure.
- Installing a private cluster on an existing VPC: You can install a private cluster on an existing AWS VPC. You can use this method to deploy OpenShift Container Platform on an internal network that is not visible to the internet.
- Installing a cluster on AWS into a government or secret region: OpenShift Container Platform can be deployed into AWS regions that are specifically designed for US government agencies at the federal, state, and local level, as well as contractors, educational institutions, and other US customers that must run sensitive workloads in the cloud.
1.2. Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure
You can install a cluster on AWS infrastructure that you provision, by using one of the following methods:
- Installing a cluster on AWS infrastructure that you provide: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS infrastructure that you provide. You can use the provided CloudFormation templates to create stacks of AWS resources that represent each of the components required for an OpenShift Container Platform installation.
- Installing a cluster on AWS in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on AWS infrastructure that you provide by using an internal mirror of the installation release content. You can use this method to install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components. You can also use this installation method to ensure that your clusters only use container images that satisfy your organizational controls on external content. While you can install OpenShift Container Platform by using the mirrored content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the AWS APIs.
1.3. Installing a cluster on a single node
Installing OpenShift Container Platform on a single node alleviates some of the requirements for high availability and large scale clusters. However, you must address the requirements for installing on a single node, and the additional requirements for installing single-node OpenShift on a cloud provider. After addressing the requirements for single node installation, use the Installing a customized cluster on AWS procedure to install the cluster. The installing single-node OpenShift manually section contains an exemplary install-config.yaml
file when installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on a single node.
1.4. Additional resources
Chapter 2. Configuring an AWS account
Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure an Amazon Web Services (AWS) account.
2.1. Configuring Route 53
To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in your Route 53 service. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The Route 53 service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.
Procedure
Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through AWS or another source.
NoteIf you purchase a new domain through AWS, it takes time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through AWS, see Registering Domain Names Using Amazon Route 53 in the AWS documentation.
- If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to AWS. See Making Amazon Route 53 the DNS Service for an Existing Domain in the AWS documentation.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain. See Creating a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as
openshiftcorp.com
, or subdomain, such asclusters.openshiftcorp.com
.- Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Getting the Name Servers for a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation.
- Update the registrar records for the AWS Route 53 name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to a Route 53 service in a different accounts, see the following topic in the AWS documentation: Adding or Changing Name Servers or Glue Records.
- If you are using a subdomain, add its delegation records to the parent domain. This gives Amazon Route 53 responsibility for the subdomain. Follow the delegation procedure outlined by the DNS provider of the parent domain. See Creating a subdomain that uses Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service without migrating the parent domain in the AWS documentation for an example high level procedure.
2.1.1. Ingress Operator endpoint configuration for AWS Route 53
If you install in either Amazon Web Services (AWS) GovCloud (US) US-West or US-East region, the Ingress Operator uses us-gov-west-1
region for Route53 and tagging API clients.
The Ingress Operator uses https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com
as the tagging API endpoint if a tagging custom endpoint is configured that includes the string 'us-gov-east-1'.
For more information on AWS GovCloud (US) endpoints, see the Service Endpoints in the AWS documentation about GovCloud (US).
Private, disconnected installations are not supported for AWS GovCloud when you install in the us-gov-east-1
region.
Example Route 53 configuration
platform: aws: region: us-gov-west-1 serviceEndpoints: - name: ec2 url: https://ec2.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com - name: elasticloadbalancing url: https://elasticloadbalancing.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com - name: route53 url: https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com 1 - name: tagging url: https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com 2
- 1
- Route 53 defaults to
https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com
for both AWS GovCloud (US) regions. - 2
- Only the US-West region has endpoints for tagging. Omit this parameter if your cluster is in another region.
2.2. AWS account limits
The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Amazon Web Services (AWS) components, and the default Service Limits affect your ability to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters. If you use certain cluster configurations, deploy your cluster in certain AWS regions, or run multiple clusters from your account, you might need to request additional resources for your AWS account.
The following table summarizes the AWS components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OpenShift Container Platform clusters.
Component | Number of clusters available by default | Default AWS limit | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Instance Limits | Varies | Varies | By default, each cluster creates the following instances:
These instance type counts are within a new account’s default limit. To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, review your account limits to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you need.
In most regions, the worker machines use an |
Elastic IPs (EIPs) | 0 to 1 | 5 EIPs per account | To provision the cluster in a highly available configuration, the installation program creates a public and private subnet for each availability zone within a region. Each private subnet requires a NAT Gateway, and each NAT gateway requires a separate elastic IP. Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region. To take advantage of the default high availability, install the cluster in a region with at least three availability zones. To install a cluster in a region with more than five availability zones, you must increase the EIP limit. Important
To use the |
Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) | 5 | 5 VPCs per region | Each cluster creates its own VPC. |
Elastic Load Balancing (ELB/NLB) | 3 | 20 per region |
By default, each cluster creates internal and external network load balancers for the master API server and a single Classic Load Balancer for the router. Deploying more Kubernetes |
NAT Gateways | 5 | 5 per availability zone | The cluster deploys one NAT gateway in each availability zone. |
Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) | At least 12 | 350 per region |
The default installation creates 21 ENIs and an ENI for each availability zone in your region. For example, the Additional ENIs are created for additional machines and ELB load balancers that are created by cluster usage and deployed workloads. |
VPC Gateway | 20 | 20 per account | Each cluster creates a single VPC Gateway for S3 access. |
S3 buckets | 99 | 100 buckets per account | Because the installation process creates a temporary bucket and the registry component in each cluster creates a bucket, you can create only 99 OpenShift Container Platform clusters per AWS account. |
Security Groups | 250 | 2,500 per account | Each cluster creates 10 distinct security groups. |
2.3. Required AWS permissions for the IAM user
Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources
in the region us-east-1
to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region.
When you attach the AdministratorAccess
policy to the IAM user that you create in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you grant that user all of the required permissions. To deploy all components of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, the IAM user requires the following permissions:
Example 2.1. Required EC2 permissions for installation
-
ec2:AttachNetworkInterface
-
ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress
-
ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
-
ec2:CopyImage
-
ec2:CreateNetworkInterface
-
ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
-
ec2:CreateTags
-
ec2:CreateVolume
-
ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
-
ec2:DeleteSnapshot
-
ec2:DeleteTags
-
ec2:DeregisterImage
-
ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes
-
ec2:DescribeAddresses
-
ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones
-
ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions
-
ec2:DescribeImages
-
ec2:DescribeInstanceAttribute
-
ec2:DescribeInstanceCreditSpecifications
-
ec2:DescribeInstances
-
ec2:DescribeInstanceTypes
-
ec2:DescribeInternetGateways
-
ec2:DescribeKeyPairs
-
ec2:DescribeNatGateways
-
ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls
-
ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces
-
ec2:DescribePrefixLists
-
ec2:DescribePublicIpv4Pools
(only required ifpublicIpv4Pool
is specified ininstall-config.yaml
) -
ec2:DescribeRegions
-
ec2:DescribeRouteTables
-
ec2:DescribeSecurityGroupRules
-
ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups
-
ec2:DescribeSubnets
-
ec2:DescribeTags
-
ec2:DescribeVolumes
-
ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute
-
ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink
-
ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport
-
ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints
-
ec2:DescribeVpcs
-
ec2:DisassociateAddress
(only required ifpublicIpv4Pool
is specified ininstall-config.yaml
) -
ec2:GetEbsDefaultKmsKeyId
-
ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
-
ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute
-
ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress
-
ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
-
ec2:RunInstances
-
ec2:TerminateInstances
Example 2.2. Required permissions for creating network resources during installation
-
ec2:AllocateAddress
-
ec2:AssociateAddress
-
ec2:AssociateDhcpOptions
-
ec2:AssociateRouteTable
-
ec2:AttachInternetGateway
-
ec2:CreateDhcpOptions
-
ec2:CreateInternetGateway
-
ec2:CreateNatGateway
-
ec2:CreateRoute
-
ec2:CreateRouteTable
-
ec2:CreateSubnet
-
ec2:CreateVpc
-
ec2:CreateVpcEndpoint
-
ec2:ModifySubnetAttribute
-
ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute
If you use an existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), your account does not require these permissions for creating network resources.
Example 2.3. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELB) for installation
-
elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
-
elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
-
elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeInstanceHealth
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeListeners
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTags
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroupAttributes
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetHealth
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
-
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets
-
elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener
-
elasticloadbalancing:SetSecurityGroups
OpenShift Container Platform uses both the ELB and ELBv2 API services to provision load balancers. The permission list shows permissions required by both services. A known issue exists in the AWS web console where both services use the same elasticloadbalancing
action prefix but do not recognize the same actions. You can ignore the warnings about the service not recognizing certain elasticloadbalancing
actions.
Example 2.4. Required IAM permissions for installation
-
iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile
-
iam:CreateInstanceProfile
-
iam:CreateRole
-
iam:DeleteInstanceProfile
-
iam:DeleteRole
-
iam:DeleteRolePolicy
-
iam:GetInstanceProfile
-
iam:GetRole
-
iam:GetRolePolicy
-
iam:GetUser
-
iam:ListInstanceProfilesForRole
-
iam:ListRoles
-
iam:ListUsers
-
iam:PassRole
-
iam:PutRolePolicy
-
iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile
-
iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy
-
iam:TagInstanceProfile
-
iam:TagRole
-
If you specify an existing IAM role in the
install-config.yaml
file, the following IAM permissions are not required:iam:CreateRole
,iam:DeleteRole
,iam:DeleteRolePolicy
, andiam:PutRolePolicy
. -
If you have not created a load balancer in your AWS account, the IAM user also requires the
iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole
permission.
Example 2.5. Required Route 53 permissions for installation
-
route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets
-
route53:ChangeTagsForResource
-
route53:CreateHostedZone
-
route53:DeleteHostedZone
-
route53:GetChange
-
route53:GetHostedZone
-
route53:ListHostedZones
-
route53:ListHostedZonesByName
-
route53:ListResourceRecordSets
-
route53:ListTagsForResource
-
route53:UpdateHostedZoneComment
Example 2.6. Required Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) permissions for installation
-
s3:CreateBucket
-
s3:DeleteBucket
-
s3:GetAccelerateConfiguration
-
s3:GetBucketAcl
-
s3:GetBucketCors
-
s3:GetBucketLocation
-
s3:GetBucketLogging
-
s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration
-
s3:GetBucketPolicy
-
s3:GetBucketRequestPayment
-
s3:GetBucketTagging
-
s3:GetBucketVersioning
-
s3:GetBucketWebsite
-
s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration
-
s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration
-
s3:GetReplicationConfiguration
-
s3:ListBucket
-
s3:PutBucketAcl
-
s3:PutBucketPolicy
-
s3:PutBucketTagging
-
s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration
Example 2.7. S3 permissions that cluster Operators require
-
s3:DeleteObject
-
s3:GetObject
-
s3:GetObjectAcl
-
s3:GetObjectTagging
-
s3:GetObjectVersion
-
s3:PutObject
-
s3:PutObjectAcl
-
s3:PutObjectTagging
Example 2.8. Required permissions to delete base cluster resources
-
autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
-
ec2:DeleteNetworkInterface
-
ec2:DeletePlacementGroup
-
ec2:DeleteVolume
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
-
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroups
-
iam:DeleteAccessKey
-
iam:DeleteUser
-
iam:DeleteUserPolicy
-
iam:ListAttachedRolePolicies
-
iam:ListInstanceProfiles
-
iam:ListRolePolicies
-
iam:ListUserPolicies
-
s3:DeleteObject
-
s3:ListBucketVersions
-
tag:GetResources
Example 2.9. Required permissions to delete network resources
-
ec2:DeleteDhcpOptions
-
ec2:DeleteInternetGateway
-
ec2:DeleteNatGateway
-
ec2:DeleteRoute
-
ec2:DeleteRouteTable
-
ec2:DeleteSubnet
-
ec2:DeleteVpc
-
ec2:DeleteVpcEndpoints
-
ec2:DetachInternetGateway
-
ec2:DisassociateRouteTable
-
ec2:ReleaseAddress
-
ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation
If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions to delete network resources. Instead, your account only requires the tag:UntagResources
permission to delete network resources.
Example 2.10. Optional permissions for installing a cluster with a custom Key Management Service (KMS) key
-
kms:CreateGrant
-
kms:Decrypt
-
kms:DescribeKey
-
kms:Encrypt
-
kms:GenerateDataKey
-
kms:GenerateDataKeyWithoutPlainText
-
kms:ListGrants
-
kms:RevokeGrant
Example 2.11. Required permissions to delete a cluster with shared instance roles
-
iam:UntagRole
Example 2.12. Additional IAM and S3 permissions that are required to create manifests
-
iam:GetUserPolicy
-
iam:ListAccessKeys
-
iam:PutUserPolicy
-
iam:TagUser
-
s3:AbortMultipartUpload
-
s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock
-
s3:ListBucket
-
s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads
-
s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
-
s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration
If you are managing your cloud provider credentials with mint mode, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateAccessKey
and iam:CreateUser
permissions.
Example 2.13. Optional permissions for instance and quota checks for installation
-
ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings
-
servicequotas:ListAWSDefaultServiceQuotas
Example 2.14. Optional permissions for the cluster owner account when installing a cluster on a shared VPC
-
sts:AssumeRole
Example 2.15. Required permissions for enabling Bring your own public IPv4 addresses (BYOIP) feature for installation
-
ec2:DescribePublicIpv4Pools
-
ec2:DisassociateAddress
2.4. Creating an IAM user
Each Amazon Web Services (AWS) account contains a root user account that is based on the email address you used to create the account. This is a highly-privileged account, and it is recommended to use it for only initial account and billing configuration, creating an initial set of users, and securing the account.
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, create a secondary IAM administrative user. As you complete the Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account procedure in the AWS documentation, set the following options:
Procedure
-
Specify the IAM user name and select
Programmatic access
. Attach the
AdministratorAccess
policy to ensure that the account has sufficient permission to create the cluster. This policy provides the cluster with the ability to grant credentials to each OpenShift Container Platform component. The cluster grants the components only the credentials that they require.NoteWhile it is possible to create a policy that grants the all of the required AWS permissions and attach it to the user, this is not the preferred option. The cluster will not have the ability to grant additional credentials to individual components, so the same credentials are used by all components.
- Optional: Add metadata to the user by attaching tags.
-
Confirm that the user name that you specified is granted the
AdministratorAccess
policy. Record the access key ID and secret access key values. You must use these values when you configure your local machine to run the installation program.
ImportantYou cannot use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device to authenticate to AWS when you deploy a cluster. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-term credentials.
2.5. IAM Policies and AWS authentication
By default, the installation program creates instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate.
To enable pulling images from the Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) as a postinstallation task in a single-node OpenShift cluster, you must add the AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly
policy to the IAM role associated with the cluster’s control plane role.
However, you can create your own IAM roles and specify them as part of the installation process. You might need to specify your own roles to deploy the cluster or to manage the cluster after installation. For example:
- Your organization’s security policies require that you use a more restrictive set of permissions to install the cluster.
- After the installation, the cluster is configured with an Operator that requires access to additional services.
If you choose to specify your own IAM roles, you can take the following steps:
- Begin with the default policies and adapt as required. For more information, see "Default permissions for IAM instance profiles".
- To create a policy template that is based on the cluster’s activity, see "Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates".
2.5.1. Default permissions for IAM instance profiles
By default, the installation program creates IAM instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane and worker instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate.
The following lists specify the default permissions for control plane and compute machines:
Example 2.16. Default IAM role permissions for control plane instance profiles
-
ec2:AttachVolume
-
ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
-
ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
-
ec2:CreateTags
-
ec2:CreateVolume
-
ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
-
ec2:DeleteVolume
-
ec2:Describe*
-
ec2:DetachVolume
-
ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
-
ec2:ModifyVolume
-
ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
-
elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
-
elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
-
elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerPolicy
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
-
elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
-
elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteListener
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancerListeners
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
-
elasticloadbalancing:Describe*
-
elasticloadbalancing:DetachLoadBalancerFromSubnets
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyListener
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
-
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
-
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
-
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets
-
elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesForBackendServer
-
elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener
-
kms:DescribeKey
Example 2.17. Default IAM role permissions for compute instance profiles
-
ec2:DescribeInstances
-
ec2:DescribeRegions
2.5.2. Specifying an existing IAM role
Instead of allowing the installation program to create IAM instance profiles with the default permissions, you can use the install-config.yaml
file to specify an existing IAM role for control plane and compute instances.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file.
Procedure
Update
compute.platform.aws.iamRole
with an existing role for the compute machines.Sample
install-config.yaml
file with an IAM role for compute instancescompute: - hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker platform: aws: iamRole: ExampleRole
Update
controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole
with an existing role for the control plane machines.Sample
install-config.yaml
file with an IAM role for control plane instancescontrolPlane: hyperthreading: Enabled name: master platform: aws: iamRole: ExampleRole
- Save the file and reference it when installing the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
To change or update an IAM account after the cluster has been installed, see RHOCP 4 AWS cloud-credentials access key is expired (Red Hat Knowledgebase).
Additional resources
2.5.3. Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates
The minimal set of permissions that the control plane and compute instance profiles require depends on how the cluster is configured for its daily operation.
One way to determine which permissions the cluster instances require is to use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template:
- A policy template contains the permissions the cluster has used over a specified period of time.
- You can then use the template to create policies with fine-grained permissions.
Procedure
The overall process could be:
- Ensure that CloudTrail is enabled. CloudTrail records all of the actions and events in your AWS account, including the API calls that are required to create a policy template. For more information, see the AWS documentation for working with CloudTrail.
- Create an instance profile for control plane instances and an instance profile for compute instances. Be sure to assign each role a permissive policy, such as PowerUserAccess. For more information, see the AWS documentation for creating instance profile roles.
- Install the cluster in a development environment and configure it as required. Be sure to deploy all of applications the cluster will host in a production environment.
- Test the cluster thoroughly. Testing the cluster ensures that all of the required API calls are logged.
- Use the IAM Access Analyzer to create a policy template for each instance profile. For more information, see the AWS documentation for generating policies based on the CloudTrail logs.
- Create and add a fine-grained policy to each instance profile.
- Remove the permissive policy from each instance profile.
- Deploy a production cluster using the existing instance profiles with the new policies.
You can add IAM Conditions to your policy to make it more restrictive and compliant with your organization security requirements.
2.6. Supported AWS Marketplace regions
Installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is available to customers who purchase the offer in North America.
While the offer must be purchased in North America, you can deploy the cluster to any of the following supported paritions:
- Public
- GovCloud
Deploying a OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported for the AWS secret regions or China regions.
2.7. Supported AWS regions
You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following regions.
Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources
in the region us-east-1
to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region.
2.7.1. AWS public regions
The following AWS public regions are supported:
-
af-south-1
(Cape Town) -
ap-east-1
(Hong Kong) -
ap-northeast-1
(Tokyo) -
ap-northeast-2
(Seoul) -
ap-northeast-3
(Osaka) -
ap-south-1
(Mumbai) -
ap-south-2
(Hyderabad) -
ap-southeast-1
(Singapore) -
ap-southeast-2
(Sydney) -
ap-southeast-3
(Jakarta) -
ap-southeast-4
(Melbourne) -
ca-central-1
(Central) -
ca-west-1
(Calgary) -
eu-central-1
(Frankfurt) -
eu-central-2
(Zurich) -
eu-north-1
(Stockholm) -
eu-south-1
(Milan) -
eu-south-2
(Spain) -
eu-west-1
(Ireland) -
eu-west-2
(London) -
eu-west-3
(Paris) -
il-central-1
(Tel Aviv) -
me-central-1
(UAE) -
me-south-1
(Bahrain) -
sa-east-1
(São Paulo) -
us-east-1
(N. Virginia) -
us-east-2
(Ohio) -
us-west-1
(N. California) -
us-west-2
(Oregon)
2.7.2. AWS GovCloud regions
The following AWS GovCloud regions are supported:
-
us-gov-west-1
-
us-gov-east-1
2.7.3. AWS SC2S and C2S secret regions
The following AWS secret regions are supported:
-
us-isob-east-1
Secret Commercial Cloud Services (SC2S) -
us-iso-east-1
Commercial Cloud Services (C2S)
2.7.4. AWS China regions
The following AWS China regions are supported:
-
cn-north-1
(Beijing) -
cn-northwest-1
(Ningxia)
2.8. Next steps
Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
- Quickly install a cluster with default options on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with cloud customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in AWS by using CloudFormation templates
Chapter 3. Installer-provisioned infrastructure
3.1. Preparing to install a cluster on AWS
You prepare to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on AWS by completing the following steps:
- Verifying internet connectivity for your cluster.
- Configuring an AWS account.
Downloading the installation program.
NoteIf you are installing in a disconnected environment, you extract the installation program from the mirrored content. For more information, see Mirroring images for a disconnected installation.
Installing the OpenShift CLI (
oc
).NoteIf you are installing in a disconnected environment, install
oc
to the mirror host.- Generating an SSH key pair. You can use this key pair to authenticate into the OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s nodes after it is deployed.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-system
namespace, manually creating long-term credentials for AWS or configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials with Amazon Web Services Security Token Service (AWS STS).
3.1.1. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.17, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
3.1.2. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with at least 1.2 GB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Go to the Cluster Type page on the Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider from the Run it yourself section of the page.
- Select your host operating system and architecture from the dropdown menus under OpenShift Installer and click Download Installer.
Place the downloaded file in the directory where you want to store the installation configuration files.
Important- The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both of the files are required to delete the cluster.
- Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
Alternatively, you can retrieve the installation program from the Red Hat Customer Portal, where you can specify a version of the installation program to download. However, you must have an active subscription to access this page.
3.1.3. Installing the OpenShift CLI
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.17. Download and install the new version of oc
.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.17 Linux Clients entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.17 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
oc
command:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.17 macOS Clients entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.17 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
Verify your installation by using an
oc
command:$ oc <command>
3.1.4. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the
x86_64
,ppc64le
, ands390x
architectures, do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
3.1.5. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.17, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
3.2. Installing a cluster on AWS
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.17, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) that uses the default configuration options.
3.2.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
ImportantIf you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-term credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
3.2.2. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You have verified that the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
-
Verify that the directory has the
Provide values at the prompts:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select aws as the platform to target.
If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
NoteThe AWS access key ID and secret access key are stored in
~/.aws/credentials
in the home directory of the current user on the installation host. You are prompted for the credentials by the installation program if the credentials for the exported profile are not present in the file. Any credentials that you provide to the installation program are stored in the file.- Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Optional: Remove or disable the
AdministratorAccess
policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.NoteThe elevated permissions provided by the
AdministratorAccess
policy are required only during installation.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Additional resources
- See Configuration and credential file settings in the AWS documentation for more information about AWS profile and credential configuration.
3.2.3. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
3.2.4. Logging in to the cluster by using the web console
The kubeadmin
user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin
user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
Prerequisites
- You have access to the installation host.
- You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.
Procedure
Obtain the password for the
kubeadmin
user from thekubeadmin-password
file on the installation host:$ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
NoteAlternatively, you can obtain the
kubeadmin
password from the<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route:
$ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
NoteAlternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.Example output
console console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> console https reencrypt/Redirect None
-
Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the
kubeadmin
user.
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
3.2.5. Next steps
- Validating an installation.
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
- If necessary, you can remove cloud provider credentials.
3.3. Installing a cluster on AWS with customizations
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.17, you can install a customized cluster on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Amazon Web Services (AWS). To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before you install the cluster.
The scope of the OpenShift Container Platform installation configurations is intentionally narrow. It is designed for simplicity and ensured success. You can complete many more OpenShift Container Platform configuration tasks after an installation completes.
3.3.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
ImportantIf you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use long-term credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
3.3.2. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
If you are deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image, you must first subscribe through AWS. Subscribing to the offer provides you with the AMI ID that the installation program uses to deploy compute nodes.
Prerequisites
- You have an AWS account to purchase the offer. This account does not have to be the same account that is used to install the cluster.
Procedure
- Complete the OpenShift Container Platform subscription from the AWS Marketplace.
Record the AMI ID for your specific AWS Region. As part of the installation process, you must update the
install-config.yaml
file with this value before deploying the cluster.Sample
install-config.yaml
file with AWS Marketplace compute nodesapiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com compute: - hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker platform: aws: amiID: ami-06c4d345f7c207239 1 type: m5.4xlarge replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster platform: aws: region: us-east-2 2 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
3.3.3. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Prerequisites
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select AWS as the platform to target.
- If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
- Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
Modify the
install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.NoteIf you are installing a three-node cluster, be sure to set the
compute.replicas
parameter to0
. This ensures that the cluster’s control planes are schedulable. For more information, see "Installing a three-node cluster on AWS".Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
Additional resources
3.3.3.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
As of OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, RHCOS is based on RHEL version 9.2, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. The following list contains the minimum instruction set architectures (ISA) that each architecture requires:
- x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
- ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
- IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
- s390x architecture requires z14 ISA
For more information, see RHEL Architectures.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
3.3.3.2. Tested instance types for AWS
The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Use the machine types included in the following charts for your AWS instances. If you use an instance type that is not listed in the chart, ensure that the instance size you use matches the minimum resource requirements that are listed in the section named "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
Example 3.1. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture
-
c4.*
-
c5.*
-
c5a.*
-
i3.*
-
m4.*
-
m5.*
-
m5a.*
-
m6a.*
-
m6i.*
-
r4.*
-
r5.*
-
r5a.*
-
r6i.*
-
t3.*
-
t3a.*
3.3.3.3. Tested instance types for AWS on 64-bit ARM infrastructures
The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) 64-bit ARM instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Use the machine types included in the following charts for your AWS ARM instances. If you use an instance type that is not listed in the chart, ensure that the instance size you use matches the minimum resource requirements that are listed in "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
Example 3.2. Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture
-
c6g.*
-
c7g.*
-
m6g.*
-
m7g.*
-
r8g.*
3.3.3.4. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for AWS
You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml
) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 credentialsMode: Mint 2 controlPlane: 3 4 hyperthreading: Enabled 5 name: master platform: aws: zones: - us-west-2a - us-west-2b rootVolume: iops: 4000 size: 500 type: io1 6 metadataService: authentication: Optional 7 type: m6i.xlarge replicas: 3 compute: 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: aws: rootVolume: iops: 2000 size: 500 type: io1 10 metadataService: authentication: Optional 11 type: c5.4xlarge zones: - us-west-2c replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 13 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: aws: region: us-west-2 14 propagateUserTags: true 15 userTags: adminContact: jdoe costCenter: 7536 amiID: ami-0c5d3e03c0ab9b19a 16 serviceEndpoints: 17 - name: ec2 url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com fips: false 18 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 19 pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 20
- 1 12 14 20
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2
- Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode. By default, the CCO uses the root credentials in the
kube-system
namespace to dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the "About the Cloud Credential Operator" section in the Authentication and authorization guide. - 3 8 15
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 4
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 5 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as
m4.2xlarge
orm5.2xlarge
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 6 10
- To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as
io1
and setiops
to2000
. - 7 11
- Whether to require the Amazon EC2 Instance Metadata Service v2 (IMDSv2). To require IMDSv2, set the parameter value to
Required
. To allow the use of both IMDSv1 and IMDSv2, set the parameter value toOptional
. If no value is specified, both IMDSv1 and IMDSv2 are allowed.NoteThe IMDS configuration for control plane machines that is set during cluster installation can only be changed by using the AWS CLI. The IMDS configuration for compute machines can be changed by using compute machine sets.
- 13
- The cluster network plugin to install. The default value
OVNKubernetes
is the only supported value. - 16
- The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
- 17
- The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the
https
protocol and the host must trust the certificate. - 18
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Switching RHEL to FIPS mode.
When running Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) booted in FIPS mode, OpenShift Container Platform core components use the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures.
- 19
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.
3.3.3.5. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com,elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com,s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. If you have added the AmazonEC2
,Elastic Load Balancing
, andS3
VPC endpoints to your VPC, you must add these endpoints to thenoProxy
field. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
3.3.4. Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project
By default, administrator secrets are stored in the kube-system
project. If you configured the credentialsMode
parameter in the install-config.yaml
file to Manual
, you must use one of the following alternatives:
- To manage long-term cloud credentials manually, follow the procedure in Manually creating long-term credentials.
- To implement short-term credentials that are managed outside the cluster for individual components, follow the procedures in Configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials.
3.3.4.1. Manually creating long-term credentials
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system
namespace.
Procedure
If you did not set the
credentialsMode
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
configuration file toManual
, modify the value as shown:Sample configuration file snippet
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com credentialsMode: Manual # ...
If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
custom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
This command creates a YAML file for each
CredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
objectapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component_credentials_request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AWSProviderSpec statementEntries: - effect: Allow action: - iam:GetUser - iam:GetUserPolicy - iam:ListAccessKeys resource: "*" ...
Create YAML files for secrets in the
openshift-install
manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in thespec.secretRef
for eachCredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
object with secretsapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component_credentials_request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AWSProviderSpec statementEntries: - effect: Allow action: - s3:CreateBucket - s3:DeleteBucket resource: "*" ... secretRef: name: <component_secret> namespace: <component_namespace> ...
Sample
Secret
objectapiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: <component_secret> namespace: <component_namespace> data: aws_access_key_id: <base64_encoded_aws_access_key_id> aws_secret_access_key: <base64_encoded_aws_secret_access_key>
Before upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.
3.3.4.2. Configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials
To install a cluster that is configured to use the AWS Security Token Service (STS), you must configure the CCO utility and create the required AWS resources for your cluster.
3.3.4.2.1. Configuring the Cloud Credential Operator utility
To create and manage cloud credentials from outside of the cluster when the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) is operating in manual mode, extract and prepare the CCO utility (ccoctl
) binary.
The ccoctl
utility is a Linux binary that must run in a Linux environment.
Prerequisites
- You have access to an OpenShift Container Platform account with cluster administrator access.
-
You have installed the OpenShift CLI (
oc
).
You have created an AWS account for the
ccoctl
utility to use with the following permissions:Example 3.3. Required AWS permissions
Required
iam
permissions-
iam:CreateOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:CreateRole
-
iam:DeleteOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:DeleteRole
-
iam:DeleteRolePolicy
-
iam:GetOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:GetRole
-
iam:GetUser
-
iam:ListOpenIDConnectProviders
-
iam:ListRolePolicies
-
iam:ListRoles
-
iam:PutRolePolicy
-
iam:TagOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:TagRole
Required
s3
permissions-
s3:CreateBucket
-
s3:DeleteBucket
-
s3:DeleteObject
-
s3:GetBucketAcl
-
s3:GetBucketTagging
-
s3:GetObject
-
s3:GetObjectAcl
-
s3:GetObjectTagging
-
s3:ListBucket
-
s3:PutBucketAcl
-
s3:PutBucketPolicy
-
s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
-
s3:PutBucketTagging
-
s3:PutObject
-
s3:PutObjectAcl
-
s3:PutObjectTagging
Required
cloudfront
permissions-
cloudfront:ListCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentities
-
cloudfront:ListDistributions
-
cloudfront:ListTagsForResource
If you plan to store the OIDC configuration in a private S3 bucket that is accessed by the IAM identity provider through a public CloudFront distribution URL, the AWS account that runs the
ccoctl
utility requires the following additional permissions:Example 3.4. Additional permissions for a private S3 bucket with CloudFront
-
cloudfront:CreateCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:CreateDistribution
-
cloudfront:DeleteCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:DeleteDistribution
-
cloudfront:GetCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:GetCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentityConfig
-
cloudfront:GetDistribution
-
cloudfront:TagResource
-
cloudfront:UpdateDistribution
NoteThese additional permissions support the use of the
--create-private-s3-bucket
option when processing credentials requests with theccoctl aws create-all
command.-
Procedure
Set a variable for the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Obtain the CCO container image from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ CCO_IMAGE=$(oc adm release info --image-for='cloud-credential-operator' $RELEASE_IMAGE -a ~/.pull-secret)
NoteEnsure that the architecture of the
$RELEASE_IMAGE
matches the architecture of the environment in which you will use theccoctl
tool.Extract the
ccoctl
binary from the CCO container image within the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc image extract $CCO_IMAGE \ --file="/usr/bin/ccoctl.<rhel_version>" \1 -a ~/.pull-secret
- 1
- For
<rhel_version>
, specify the value that corresponds to the version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) that the host uses. If no value is specified,ccoctl.rhel8
is used by default. The following values are valid:-
rhel8
: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 8. -
rhel9
: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 9.
-
Change the permissions to make
ccoctl
executable by running the following command:$ chmod 775 ccoctl.<rhel_version>
Verification
To verify that
ccoctl
is ready to use, display the help file. Use a relative file name when you run the command, for example:$ ./ccoctl.rhel9
Example output
OpenShift credentials provisioning tool Usage: ccoctl [command] Available Commands: aws Manage credentials objects for AWS cloud azure Manage credentials objects for Azure gcp Manage credentials objects for Google cloud help Help about any command ibmcloud Manage credentials objects for {ibm-cloud-title} nutanix Manage credentials objects for Nutanix Flags: -h, --help help for ccoctl Use "ccoctl [command] --help" for more information about a command.
3.3.4.2.2. Creating AWS resources with the Cloud Credential Operator utility
You have the following options when creating AWS resources:
-
You can use the
ccoctl aws create-all
command to create the AWS resources automatically. This is the quickest way to create the resources. See Creating AWS resources with a single command. -
If you need to review the JSON files that the
ccoctl
tool creates before modifying AWS resources, or if the process theccoctl
tool uses to create AWS resources automatically does not meet the requirements of your organization, you can create the AWS resources individually. See Creating AWS resources individually.
3.3.4.2.2.1. Creating AWS resources with a single command
If the process the ccoctl
tool uses to create AWS resources automatically meets the requirements of your organization, you can use the ccoctl aws create-all
command to automate the creation of AWS resources.
Otherwise, you can create the AWS resources individually. For more information, see "Creating AWS resources individually".
By default, ccoctl
creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir
flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>
to refer to this directory.
Prerequisites
You must have:
-
Extracted and prepared the
ccoctl
binary.
Procedure
Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
NoteThis command might take a few moments to run.
Use the
ccoctl
tool to process allCredentialsRequest
objects by running the following command:$ ccoctl aws create-all \ --name=<name> \1 --region=<aws_region> \2 --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \3 --output-dir=<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir> \4 --create-private-s3-bucket 5
- 1
- Specify the name used to tag any cloud resources that are created for tracking.
- 2
- Specify the AWS region in which cloud resources will be created.
- 3
- Specify the directory containing the files for the component
CredentialsRequest
objects. - 4
- Optional: Specify the directory in which you want the
ccoctl
utility to create objects. By default, the utility creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. - 5
- Optional: By default, the
ccoctl
utility stores the OpenID Connect (OIDC) configuration files in a public S3 bucket and uses the S3 URL as the public OIDC endpoint. To store the OIDC configuration in a private S3 bucket that is accessed by the IAM identity provider through a public CloudFront distribution URL instead, use the--create-private-s3-bucket
parameter.
NoteIf your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the
TechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set, you must include the--enable-tech-preview
parameter.
Verification
To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the
<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
directory:$ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
Example output
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-operator-iam-ro-creds-credentials.yaml openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-api-capa-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
You can verify that the IAM roles are created by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation on listing IAM roles.
3.3.4.2.2.2. Creating AWS resources individually
You can use the ccoctl
tool to create AWS resources individually. This option might be useful for an organization that shares the responsibility for creating these resources among different users or departments.
Otherwise, you can use the ccoctl aws create-all
command to create the AWS resources automatically. For more information, see "Creating AWS resources with a single command".
By default, ccoctl
creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir
flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>
to refer to this directory.
Some ccoctl
commands make AWS API calls to create or modify AWS resources. You can use the --dry-run
flag to avoid making API calls. Using this flag creates JSON files on the local file system instead. You can review and modify the JSON files and then apply them with the AWS CLI tool using the --cli-input-json
parameters.
Prerequisites
-
Extract and prepare the
ccoctl
binary.
Procedure
Generate the public and private RSA key files that are used to set up the OpenID Connect provider for the cluster by running the following command:
$ ccoctl aws create-key-pair
Example output
2021/04/13 11:01:02 Generating RSA keypair 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Writing private key to /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.private 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Writing public key to /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.public 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Copying signing key for use by installer
where
serviceaccount-signer.private
andserviceaccount-signer.public
are the generated key files.This command also creates a private key that the cluster requires during installation in
/<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls/bound-service-account-signing-key.key
.Create an OpenID Connect identity provider and S3 bucket on AWS by running the following command:
$ ccoctl aws create-identity-provider \ --name=<name> \1 --region=<aws_region> \2 --public-key-file=<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.public 3
Example output
2021/04/13 11:16:09 Bucket <name>-oidc created 2021/04/13 11:16:10 OpenID Connect discovery document in the S3 bucket <name>-oidc at .well-known/openid-configuration updated 2021/04/13 11:16:10 Reading public key 2021/04/13 11:16:10 JSON web key set (JWKS) in the S3 bucket <name>-oidc at keys.json updated 2021/04/13 11:16:18 Identity Provider created with ARN: arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
where
openid-configuration
is a discovery document andkeys.json
is a JSON web key set file.This command also creates a YAML configuration file in
/<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml
. This file sets the issuer URL field for the service account tokens that the cluster generates, so that the AWS IAM identity provider trusts the tokens.Create IAM roles for each component in the cluster:
Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
Use the
ccoctl
tool to process allCredentialsRequest
objects by running the following command:$ ccoctl aws create-iam-roles \ --name=<name> \ --region=<aws_region> \ --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \ --identity-provider-arn=arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
NoteFor AWS environments that use alternative IAM API endpoints, such as GovCloud, you must also specify your region with the
--region
parameter.If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the
TechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set, you must include the--enable-tech-preview
parameter.For each
CredentialsRequest
object,ccoctl
creates an IAM role with a trust policy that is tied to the specified OIDC identity provider, and a permissions policy as defined in eachCredentialsRequest
object from the OpenShift Container Platform release image.
Verification
To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the
<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
directory:$ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
Example output
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-operator-iam-ro-creds-credentials.yaml openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-api-capa-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
You can verify that the IAM roles are created by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation on listing IAM roles.
3.3.4.2.3. Incorporating the Cloud Credential Operator utility manifests
To implement short-term security credentials managed outside the cluster for individual components, you must move the manifest files that the Cloud Credential Operator utility (ccoctl
) created to the correct directories for the installation program.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
-
You have configured the Cloud Credential Operator utility (
ccoctl
). -
You have created the cloud provider resources that are required for your cluster with the
ccoctl
utility.
Procedure
If you did not set the
credentialsMode
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
configuration file toManual
, modify the value as shown:Sample configuration file snippet
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com credentialsMode: Manual # ...
If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Copy the manifests that the
ccoctl
utility generated to themanifests
directory that the installation program created by running the following command:$ cp /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/* ./manifests/
Copy the
tls
directory that contains the private key to the installation directory:$ cp -a /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls .
3.3.5. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You have verified that the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
Optional: Remove or disable the
AdministratorAccess
policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.NoteThe elevated permissions provided by the
AdministratorAccess
policy are required only during installation.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
3.3.6. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
3.3.7. Logging in to the cluster by using the web console
The kubeadmin
user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin
user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
Prerequisites
- You have access to the installation host.
- You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.
Procedure
Obtain the password for the
kubeadmin
user from thekubeadmin-password
file on the installation host:$ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
NoteAlternatively, you can obtain the
kubeadmin
password from the<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route:
$ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
NoteAlternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.Example output
console console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> console https reencrypt/Redirect None
-
Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the
kubeadmin
user.
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
3.3.8. Next steps
- Validating an installation.
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
- If necessary, you can remove cloud provider credentials.
3.4. Installing a cluster on AWS with network customizations
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.17, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) with customized network configuration options. By customizing your network configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations.
You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation, and you can modify only kubeProxy
configuration parameters in a running cluster.
3.4.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
ImportantIf you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-term credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
3.4.2. Network configuration phases
There are two phases prior to OpenShift Container Platform installation where you can customize the network configuration.
- Phase 1
You can customize the following network-related fields in the
install-config.yaml
file before you create the manifest files:-
networking.networkType
-
networking.clusterNetwork
-
networking.serviceNetwork
networking.machineNetwork
For more information, see "Installation configuration parameters".
NoteSet the
networking.machineNetwork
to match the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) where the preferred subnet is located.ImportantThe CIDR range
172.17.0.0/16
is reserved bylibVirt
. You cannot use any other CIDR range that overlaps with the172.17.0.0/16
CIDR range for networks in your cluster.
-
- Phase 2
-
After creating the manifest files by running
openshift-install create manifests
, you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify. You can use the manifest to specify advanced network configuration.
During phase 2, you cannot override the values that you specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml
file. However, you can customize the network plugin during phase 2.
3.4.3. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Prerequisites
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select AWS as the platform to target.
- If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
- Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
-
Modify the
install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
Additional resources
3.4.3.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
As of OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, RHCOS is based on RHEL version 9.2, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. The following list contains the minimum instruction set architectures (ISA) that each architecture requires:
- x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
- ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
- IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
- s390x architecture requires z14 ISA
For more information, see RHEL Architectures.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
3.4.3.2. Tested instance types for AWS
The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Use the machine types included in the following charts for your AWS instances. If you use an instance type that is not listed in the chart, ensure that the instance size you use matches the minimum resource requirements that are listed in the section named "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
Example 3.5. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture
-
c4.*
-
c5.*
-
c5a.*
-
i3.*
-
m4.*
-
m5.*
-
m5a.*
-
m6a.*
-
m6i.*
-
r4.*
-
r5.*
-
r5a.*
-
r6i.*
-
t3.*
-
t3a.*
3.4.3.3. Tested instance types for AWS on 64-bit ARM infrastructures
The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) 64-bit ARM instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Use the machine types included in the following charts for your AWS ARM instances. If you use an instance type that is not listed in the chart, ensure that the instance size you use matches the minimum resource requirements that are listed in "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
Example 3.6. Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture
-
c6g.*
-
c7g.*
-
m6g.*
-
m7g.*
-
r8g.*
3.4.3.4. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for AWS
You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml
) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 credentialsMode: Mint 2 controlPlane: 3 4 hyperthreading: Enabled 5 name: master platform: aws: zones: - us-west-2a - us-west-2b rootVolume: iops: 4000 size: 500 type: io1 6 metadataService: authentication: Optional 7 type: m6i.xlarge replicas: 3 compute: 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: aws: rootVolume: iops: 2000 size: 500 type: io1 10 metadataService: authentication: Optional 11 type: c5.4xlarge zones: - us-west-2c replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: 13 clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 14 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: aws: region: us-west-2 15 propagateUserTags: true 16 userTags: adminContact: jdoe costCenter: 7536 amiID: ami-0c5d3e03c0ab9b19a 17 serviceEndpoints: 18 - name: ec2 url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com fips: false 19 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 20 pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 21
- 1 12 15 21
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2
- Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode. By default, the CCO uses the root credentials in the
kube-system
namespace to dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the "About the Cloud Credential Operator" section in the Authentication and authorization guide. - 3 8 13 16
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 4
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 5 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as
m4.2xlarge
orm5.2xlarge
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 6 10
- To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as
io1
and setiops
to2000
. - 7 11
- Whether to require the Amazon EC2 Instance Metadata Service v2 (IMDSv2). To require IMDSv2, set the parameter value to
Required
. To allow the use of both IMDSv1 and IMDSv2, set the parameter value toOptional
. If no value is specified, both IMDSv1 and IMDSv2 are allowed.NoteThe IMDS configuration for control plane machines that is set during cluster installation can only be changed by using the AWS CLI. The IMDS configuration for compute machines can be changed by using compute machine sets.
- 14
- The cluster network plugin to install. The default value
OVNKubernetes
is the only supported value. - 17
- The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
- 18
- The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the
https
protocol and the host must trust the certificate. - 19
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Switching RHEL to FIPS mode.
When running Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) booted in FIPS mode, OpenShift Container Platform core components use the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures.
- 20
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.
3.4.3.5. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com,elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com,s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. If you have added the AmazonEC2
,Elastic Load Balancing
, andS3
VPC endpoints to your VPC, you must add these endpoints to thenoProxy
field. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
3.4.4. Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project
By default, administrator secrets are stored in the kube-system
project. If you configured the credentialsMode
parameter in the install-config.yaml
file to Manual
, you must use one of the following alternatives:
- To manage long-term cloud credentials manually, follow the procedure in Manually creating long-term credentials.
- To implement short-term credentials that are managed outside the cluster for individual components, follow the procedures in Configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials.
3.4.4.1. Manually creating long-term credentials
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system
namespace.
Procedure
If you did not set the
credentialsMode
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
configuration file toManual
, modify the value as shown:Sample configuration file snippet
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com credentialsMode: Manual # ...
If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
custom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
This command creates a YAML file for each
CredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
objectapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component_credentials_request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AWSProviderSpec statementEntries: - effect: Allow action: - iam:GetUser - iam:GetUserPolicy - iam:ListAccessKeys resource: "*" ...
Create YAML files for secrets in the
openshift-install
manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in thespec.secretRef
for eachCredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
object with secretsapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component_credentials_request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AWSProviderSpec statementEntries: - effect: Allow action: - s3:CreateBucket - s3:DeleteBucket resource: "*" ... secretRef: name: <component_secret> namespace: <component_namespace> ...
Sample
Secret
objectapiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: <component_secret> namespace: <component_namespace> data: aws_access_key_id: <base64_encoded_aws_access_key_id> aws_secret_access_key: <base64_encoded_aws_secret_access_key>
Before upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.
3.4.4.2. Configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials
To install a cluster that is configured to use the AWS Security Token Service (STS), you must configure the CCO utility and create the required AWS resources for your cluster.
3.4.4.2.1. Configuring the Cloud Credential Operator utility
To create and manage cloud credentials from outside of the cluster when the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) is operating in manual mode, extract and prepare the CCO utility (ccoctl
) binary.
The ccoctl
utility is a Linux binary that must run in a Linux environment.
Prerequisites
- You have access to an OpenShift Container Platform account with cluster administrator access.
-
You have installed the OpenShift CLI (
oc
).
You have created an AWS account for the
ccoctl
utility to use with the following permissions:Example 3.7. Required AWS permissions
Required
iam
permissions-
iam:CreateOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:CreateRole
-
iam:DeleteOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:DeleteRole
-
iam:DeleteRolePolicy
-
iam:GetOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:GetRole
-
iam:GetUser
-
iam:ListOpenIDConnectProviders
-
iam:ListRolePolicies
-
iam:ListRoles
-
iam:PutRolePolicy
-
iam:TagOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:TagRole
Required
s3
permissions-
s3:CreateBucket
-
s3:DeleteBucket
-
s3:DeleteObject
-
s3:GetBucketAcl
-
s3:GetBucketTagging
-
s3:GetObject
-
s3:GetObjectAcl
-
s3:GetObjectTagging
-
s3:ListBucket
-
s3:PutBucketAcl
-
s3:PutBucketPolicy
-
s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
-
s3:PutBucketTagging
-
s3:PutObject
-
s3:PutObjectAcl
-
s3:PutObjectTagging
Required
cloudfront
permissions-
cloudfront:ListCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentities
-
cloudfront:ListDistributions
-
cloudfront:ListTagsForResource
If you plan to store the OIDC configuration in a private S3 bucket that is accessed by the IAM identity provider through a public CloudFront distribution URL, the AWS account that runs the
ccoctl
utility requires the following additional permissions:Example 3.8. Additional permissions for a private S3 bucket with CloudFront
-
cloudfront:CreateCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:CreateDistribution
-
cloudfront:DeleteCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:DeleteDistribution
-
cloudfront:GetCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:GetCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentityConfig
-
cloudfront:GetDistribution
-
cloudfront:TagResource
-
cloudfront:UpdateDistribution
NoteThese additional permissions support the use of the
--create-private-s3-bucket
option when processing credentials requests with theccoctl aws create-all
command.-
Procedure
Set a variable for the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Obtain the CCO container image from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ CCO_IMAGE=$(oc adm release info --image-for='cloud-credential-operator' $RELEASE_IMAGE -a ~/.pull-secret)
NoteEnsure that the architecture of the
$RELEASE_IMAGE
matches the architecture of the environment in which you will use theccoctl
tool.Extract the
ccoctl
binary from the CCO container image within the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc image extract $CCO_IMAGE \ --file="/usr/bin/ccoctl.<rhel_version>" \1 -a ~/.pull-secret
- 1
- For
<rhel_version>
, specify the value that corresponds to the version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) that the host uses. If no value is specified,ccoctl.rhel8
is used by default. The following values are valid:-
rhel8
: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 8. -
rhel9
: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 9.
-
Change the permissions to make
ccoctl
executable by running the following command:$ chmod 775 ccoctl.<rhel_version>
Verification
To verify that
ccoctl
is ready to use, display the help file. Use a relative file name when you run the command, for example:$ ./ccoctl.rhel9
Example output
OpenShift credentials provisioning tool Usage: ccoctl [command] Available Commands: aws Manage credentials objects for AWS cloud azure Manage credentials objects for Azure gcp Manage credentials objects for Google cloud help Help about any command ibmcloud Manage credentials objects for {ibm-cloud-title} nutanix Manage credentials objects for Nutanix Flags: -h, --help help for ccoctl Use "ccoctl [command] --help" for more information about a command.
3.4.4.2.2. Creating AWS resources with the Cloud Credential Operator utility
You have the following options when creating AWS resources:
-
You can use the
ccoctl aws create-all
command to create the AWS resources automatically. This is the quickest way to create the resources. See Creating AWS resources with a single command. -
If you need to review the JSON files that the
ccoctl
tool creates before modifying AWS resources, or if the process theccoctl
tool uses to create AWS resources automatically does not meet the requirements of your organization, you can create the AWS resources individually. See Creating AWS resources individually.
3.4.4.2.2.1. Creating AWS resources with a single command
If the process the ccoctl
tool uses to create AWS resources automatically meets the requirements of your organization, you can use the ccoctl aws create-all
command to automate the creation of AWS resources.
Otherwise, you can create the AWS resources individually. For more information, see "Creating AWS resources individually".
By default, ccoctl
creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir
flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>
to refer to this directory.
Prerequisites
You must have:
-
Extracted and prepared the
ccoctl
binary.
Procedure
Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
NoteThis command might take a few moments to run.
Use the
ccoctl
tool to process allCredentialsRequest
objects by running the following command:$ ccoctl aws create-all \ --name=<name> \1 --region=<aws_region> \2 --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \3 --output-dir=<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir> \4 --create-private-s3-bucket 5
- 1
- Specify the name used to tag any cloud resources that are created for tracking.
- 2
- Specify the AWS region in which cloud resources will be created.
- 3
- Specify the directory containing the files for the component
CredentialsRequest
objects. - 4
- Optional: Specify the directory in which you want the
ccoctl
utility to create objects. By default, the utility creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. - 5
- Optional: By default, the
ccoctl
utility stores the OpenID Connect (OIDC) configuration files in a public S3 bucket and uses the S3 URL as the public OIDC endpoint. To store the OIDC configuration in a private S3 bucket that is accessed by the IAM identity provider through a public CloudFront distribution URL instead, use the--create-private-s3-bucket
parameter.
NoteIf your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the
TechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set, you must include the--enable-tech-preview
parameter.
Verification
To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the
<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
directory:$ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
Example output
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-operator-iam-ro-creds-credentials.yaml openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-api-capa-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
You can verify that the IAM roles are created by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation on listing IAM roles.
3.4.4.2.2.2. Creating AWS resources individually
You can use the ccoctl
tool to create AWS resources individually. This option might be useful for an organization that shares the responsibility for creating these resources among different users or departments.
Otherwise, you can use the ccoctl aws create-all
command to create the AWS resources automatically. For more information, see "Creating AWS resources with a single command".
By default, ccoctl
creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir
flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>
to refer to this directory.
Some ccoctl
commands make AWS API calls to create or modify AWS resources. You can use the --dry-run
flag to avoid making API calls. Using this flag creates JSON files on the local file system instead. You can review and modify the JSON files and then apply them with the AWS CLI tool using the --cli-input-json
parameters.
Prerequisites
-
Extract and prepare the
ccoctl
binary.
Procedure
Generate the public and private RSA key files that are used to set up the OpenID Connect provider for the cluster by running the following command:
$ ccoctl aws create-key-pair
Example output
2021/04/13 11:01:02 Generating RSA keypair 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Writing private key to /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.private 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Writing public key to /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.public 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Copying signing key for use by installer
where
serviceaccount-signer.private
andserviceaccount-signer.public
are the generated key files.This command also creates a private key that the cluster requires during installation in
/<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls/bound-service-account-signing-key.key
.Create an OpenID Connect identity provider and S3 bucket on AWS by running the following command:
$ ccoctl aws create-identity-provider \ --name=<name> \1 --region=<aws_region> \2 --public-key-file=<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.public 3
Example output
2021/04/13 11:16:09 Bucket <name>-oidc created 2021/04/13 11:16:10 OpenID Connect discovery document in the S3 bucket <name>-oidc at .well-known/openid-configuration updated 2021/04/13 11:16:10 Reading public key 2021/04/13 11:16:10 JSON web key set (JWKS) in the S3 bucket <name>-oidc at keys.json updated 2021/04/13 11:16:18 Identity Provider created with ARN: arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
where
openid-configuration
is a discovery document andkeys.json
is a JSON web key set file.This command also creates a YAML configuration file in
/<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml
. This file sets the issuer URL field for the service account tokens that the cluster generates, so that the AWS IAM identity provider trusts the tokens.Create IAM roles for each component in the cluster:
Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
Use the
ccoctl
tool to process allCredentialsRequest
objects by running the following command:$ ccoctl aws create-iam-roles \ --name=<name> \ --region=<aws_region> \ --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \ --identity-provider-arn=arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
NoteFor AWS environments that use alternative IAM API endpoints, such as GovCloud, you must also specify your region with the
--region
parameter.If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the
TechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set, you must include the--enable-tech-preview
parameter.For each
CredentialsRequest
object,ccoctl
creates an IAM role with a trust policy that is tied to the specified OIDC identity provider, and a permissions policy as defined in eachCredentialsRequest
object from the OpenShift Container Platform release image.
Verification
To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the
<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
directory:$ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
Example output
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-operator-iam-ro-creds-credentials.yaml openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-api-capa-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
You can verify that the IAM roles are created by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation on listing IAM roles.
3.4.4.2.3. Incorporating the Cloud Credential Operator utility manifests
To implement short-term security credentials managed outside the cluster for individual components, you must move the manifest files that the Cloud Credential Operator utility (ccoctl
) created to the correct directories for the installation program.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
-
You have configured the Cloud Credential Operator utility (
ccoctl
). -
You have created the cloud provider resources that are required for your cluster with the
ccoctl
utility.
Procedure
If you did not set the
credentialsMode
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
configuration file toManual
, modify the value as shown:Sample configuration file snippet
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com credentialsMode: Manual # ...
If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Copy the manifests that the
ccoctl
utility generated to themanifests
directory that the installation program created by running the following command:$ cp /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/* ./manifests/
Copy the
tls
directory that contains the private key to the installation directory:$ cp -a /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls .
3.4.5. Cluster Network Operator configuration
The configuration for the cluster network is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration and stored in a custom resource (CR) object that is named cluster
. The CR specifies the fields for the Network
API in the operator.openshift.io
API group.
The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network
API in the Network.config.openshift.io
API group:
clusterNetwork
- IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.
serviceNetwork
- IP address pool for services.
defaultNetwork.type
-
Cluster network plugin.
OVNKubernetes
is the only supported plugin during installation.
You can specify the cluster network plugin configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork
object in the CNO object named cluster
.
3.4.5.1. Cluster Network Operator configuration object
The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The name of the CNO object. This name is always |
|
| A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example: spec: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/19 hostPrefix: 23 - cidr: 10.128.32.0/19 hostPrefix: 23 |
|
| A block of IP addresses for services. The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin supports only a single IP address block for the service network. For example: spec: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/14
You can customize this field only in the |
|
| Configures the network plugin for the cluster network. |
|
| The fields for this object specify the kube-proxy configuration. If you are using the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network plugin, the kube-proxy configuration has no effect. |
defaultNetwork object configuration
The values for the defaultNetwork
object are defined in the following table:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Note OpenShift Container Platform uses the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin by default. OpenShift SDN is no longer available as an installation choice for new clusters. |
|
| This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin. |
Configuration for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
| The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.
If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to |
|
|
The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is |
|
| Specify a configuration object for customizing the IPsec configuration. |
|
| Specifies a configuration object for IPv4 settings. |
|
| Specifies a configuration object for IPv6 settings. |
|
| Specify a configuration object for customizing network policy audit logging. If unset, the defaults audit log settings are used. |
|
| Optional: Specify a configuration object for customizing how egress traffic is sent to the node gateway. Note While migrating egress traffic, you can expect some disruption to workloads and service traffic until the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) successfully rolls out the changes. |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
| string |
If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the
The default value is |
| string |
If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the
The default value is |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
| string |
If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the
The default value is |
| string |
If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the
The default value is |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
| integer |
The maximum number of messages to generate every second per node. The default value is |
| integer |
The maximum size for the audit log in bytes. The default value is |
| integer | The maximum number of log files that are retained. |
| string | One of the following additional audit log targets:
|
| string |
The syslog facility, such as |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Set this field to
This field has an interaction with the Open vSwitch hardware offloading feature. If you set this field to |
|
|
You can control IP forwarding for all traffic on OVN-Kubernetes managed interfaces by using the |
|
| Optional: Specify an object to configure the internal OVN-Kubernetes masquerade address for host to service traffic for IPv4 addresses. |
|
| Optional: Specify an object to configure the internal OVN-Kubernetes masquerade address for host to service traffic for IPv6 addresses. |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The masquerade IPv4 addresses that are used internally to enable host to service traffic. The host is configured with these IP addresses as well as the shared gateway bridge interface. The default value is Important
For OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 and later versions, clusters use |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The masquerade IPv6 addresses that are used internally to enable host to service traffic. The host is configured with these IP addresses as well as the shared gateway bridge interface. The default value is Important
For OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 and later versions, clusters use |
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
| Specifies the behavior of the IPsec implementation. Must be one of the following values:
|
Example OVN-Kubernetes configuration with IPSec enabled
defaultNetwork: type: OVNKubernetes ovnKubernetesConfig: mtu: 1400 genevePort: 6081 ipsecConfig: mode: Full
3.4.6. Specifying advanced network configuration
You can use advanced network configuration for your network plugin to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment.
You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.
Customizing your network configuration by modifying the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported.
Prerequisites
-
You have created the
install-config.yaml
file and completed any modifications to it.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
<installation_directory>
specifies the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yaml
file for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named
cluster-network-03-config.yml
in the<installation_directory>/manifests/
directory:apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec:
Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the
cluster-network-03-config.yml
file, such as in the following example:Enable IPsec for the OVN-Kubernetes network provider
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: ovnKubernetesConfig: ipsecConfig: mode: Full
-
Optional: Back up the
manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
file. The installation program consumes themanifests/
directory when you create the Ignition config files.
For more information on using a Network Load Balancer (NLB) on AWS, see Configuring Ingress cluster traffic on AWS using a Network Load Balancer.
3.4.7. Configuring an Ingress Controller Network Load Balancer on a new AWS cluster
You can create an Ingress Controller backed by an AWS Network Load Balancer (NLB) on a new cluster.
Prerequisites
-
Create the
install-config.yaml
file and complete any modifications to it.
Procedure
Create an Ingress Controller backed by an AWS NLB on a new cluster.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yaml
file for your cluster.
Create a file that is named
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
in the<installation_directory>/manifests/
directory:$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name that contains themanifests/
directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the
manifests/
directory, as shown:$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Example output
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Open the
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
file in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: IngressController metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: default namespace: openshift-ingress-operator spec: endpointPublishingStrategy: loadBalancer: scope: External providerParameters: type: AWS aws: type: NLB type: LoadBalancerService
-
Save the
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
file and quit the text editor. -
Optional: Back up the
manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
file. The installation program deletes themanifests/
directory when creating the cluster.
3.4.8. Configuring hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes
You can configure your cluster to use hybrid networking with the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin. This allows a hybrid cluster that supports different node networking configurations.
This configuration is necessary to run both Linux and Windows nodes in the same cluster.
Prerequisites
-
You defined
OVNKubernetes
for thenetworking.networkType
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
file. See the installation documentation for configuring OpenShift Container Platform network customizations on your chosen cloud provider for more information.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where:
<installation_directory>
-
Specifies the name of the directory that contains the
install-config.yaml
file for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named
cluster-network-03-config.yml
in the<installation_directory>/manifests/
directory:$ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: EOF
where:
<installation_directory>
-
Specifies the directory name that contains the
manifests/
directory for your cluster.
Open the
cluster-network-03-config.yml
file in an editor and configure OVN-Kubernetes with hybrid networking, as in the following example:Specify a hybrid networking configuration
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: ovnKubernetesConfig: hybridOverlayConfig: hybridClusterNetwork: 1 - cidr: 10.132.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 hybridOverlayVXLANPort: 9898 2
- 1
- Specify the CIDR configuration used for nodes on the additional overlay network. The
hybridClusterNetwork
CIDR must not overlap with theclusterNetwork
CIDR. - 2
- Specify a custom VXLAN port for the additional overlay network. This is required for running Windows nodes in a cluster installed on vSphere, and must not be configured for any other cloud provider. The custom port can be any open port excluding the default
4789
port. For more information on this requirement, see the Microsoft documentation on Pod-to-pod connectivity between hosts is broken.
NoteWindows Server Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC): Windows Server 2019 is not supported on clusters with a custom
hybridOverlayVXLANPort
value because this Windows server version does not support selecting a custom VXLAN port.-
Save the
cluster-network-03-config.yml
file and quit the text editor. -
Optional: Back up the
manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
file. The installation program deletes themanifests/
directory when creating the cluster.
For more information about using Linux and Windows nodes in the same cluster, see Understanding Windows container workloads.
3.4.9. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You have verified that the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
Optional: Remove or disable the
AdministratorAccess
policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.NoteThe elevated permissions provided by the
AdministratorAccess
policy are required only during installation.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
3.4.10. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
3.4.11. Logging in to the cluster by using the web console
The kubeadmin
user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the kubeadmin
user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
Prerequisites
- You have access to the installation host.
- You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.
Procedure
Obtain the password for the
kubeadmin
user from thekubeadmin-password
file on the installation host:$ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
NoteAlternatively, you can obtain the
kubeadmin
password from the<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route:
$ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'
NoteAlternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.Example output
console console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> console https reencrypt/Redirect None
-
Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the
kubeadmin
user.
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
3.4.12. Next steps
- Validating an installation.
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
- If necessary, you can remove cloud provider credentials.
3.5. Installing a cluster on AWS in a restricted network
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.17, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content on an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
3.5.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You mirrored the images for a disconnected installation to your registry and obtained the
imageContentSources
data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.ImportantBecause the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
You have an existing VPC in AWS. When installing to a restricted network using installer-provisioned infrastructure, you cannot use the installer-provisioned VPC. You must use a user-provisioned VPC that satisfies one of the following requirements:
- Contains the mirror registry
- Has firewall rules or a peering connection to access the mirror registry hosted elsewhere
You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
ImportantIf you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-term credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
- You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer (Linux, macOS, or UNIX) in the AWS documentation.
If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
NoteIf you are configuring a proxy, be sure to also review this site list.
3.5.2. About installations in restricted networks
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.17, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.
If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware, Nutanix, or on VMware vSphere.
To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift image registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.
3.5.2.1. Additional limits
Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:
-
The
ClusterVersion
status includes anUnable to retrieve available updates
error. - By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.
3.5.3. About using a custom VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.17, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.
Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.
3.5.3.1. Requirements for using your VPC
The installation program no longer creates the following components:
- Internet gateways
- NAT gateways
- Subnets
- Route tables
- VPCs
- VPC DHCP options
- VPC endpoints
The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.
If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Create a VPC in the Amazon Web Services documentation for more information about AWS VPC console wizard configurations and creating and managing an AWS VPC.
The installation program cannot:
- Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
- Set route tables for the subnets.
- Set VPC options like DHCP.
You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.
Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:
The VPC must not use the
kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned
,Name
, andopenshift.io/cluster
tags.The installation program modifies your subnets to add the
kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared
tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify. You cannot use aName
tag, because it overlaps with the EC2Name
field and the installation fails.-
If you want to extend your OpenShift Container Platform cluster into an AWS Outpost and have an existing Outpost subnet, the existing subnet must use the
kubernetes.io/cluster/unmanaged: true
tag. If you do not apply this tag, the installation might fail due to the Cloud Controller Manager creating a service load balancer in the Outpost subnet, which is an unsupported configuration. You must enable the
enableDnsSupport
andenableDnsHostnames
attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the
platform.aws.hostedZone
andplatform.aws.hostedZoneRole
fields in theinstall-config.yaml
file. You can use a private hosted zone from another account by sharing it with the account where you install the cluster. If you use a private hosted zone from another account, you must use thePassthrough
orManual
credentials mode.
If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2, ELB, and S3 endpoints. Depending on the level to which you want to restrict internet traffic during the installation, the following configuration options are available:
Option 1: Create VPC endpoints
Create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnets that the clusters are using. Name the endpoints as follows:
-
ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
With this option, network traffic remains private between your VPC and the required AWS services.
Option 2: Create a proxy without VPC endpoints
As part of the installation process, you can configure an HTTP or HTTPS proxy. With this option, internet traffic goes through the proxy to reach the required AWS services.
Option 3: Create a proxy with VPC endpoints
As part of the installation process, you can configure an HTTP or HTTPS proxy with VPC endpoints. Create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnets that the clusters are using. Name the endpoints as follows:
-
ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
When configuring the proxy in the install-config.yaml
file, add these endpoints to the noProxy
field. With this option, the proxy prevents the cluster from accessing the internet directly. However, network traffic remains private between your VPC and the required AWS services.
Required VPC components
You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.
Component | AWS type | Description | |
---|---|---|---|
VPC |
| You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3. | |
Public subnets |
| Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules. | |
Internet gateway |
| You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios. | |
Network access control |
| You must allow the VPC to access the following ports: | |
Port | Reason | ||
| Inbound HTTP traffic | ||
| Inbound HTTPS traffic | ||
| Inbound SSH traffic | ||
| Inbound ephemeral traffic | ||
| Outbound ephemeral traffic | ||
Private subnets |
| Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them. |
3.5.3.2. VPC validation
To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:
- All the subnets that you specify exist.
- You provide private subnets.
- The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
- You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
- You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.
If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared
tag is removed from the subnets that it used.
3.5.3.3. Division of permissions
Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.
The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.
3.5.3.4. Isolation between clusters
If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:
- You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
- ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
- TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
- Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
- Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.
3.5.4. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Prerequisites
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
-
You have the
imageContentSources
values that were generated during mirror registry creation. - You have obtained the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select AWS as the platform to target.
- If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
- Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
Edit the
install-config.yaml
file to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.Update the
pullSecret
value to contain the authentication information for your registry:pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
For
<mirror_host_name>
, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for<credentials>
, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.Add the
additionalTrustBundle
parameter and value.additionalTrustBundle: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE-----
The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
Define the subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in:
subnets: - subnet-1 - subnet-2 - subnet-3
Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:
imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
For these values, use the
imageContentSources
that you recorded during mirror registry creation.Optional: Set the publishing strategy to
Internal
:publish: Internal
By setting this option, you create an internal Ingress Controller and a private load balancer.
Make any other modifications to the
install-config.yaml
file that you require.For more information about the parameters, see "Installation configuration parameters".
Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
Additional resources
3.5.4.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
As of OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, RHCOS is based on RHEL version 9.2, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. The following list contains the minimum instruction set architectures (ISA) that each architecture requires:
- x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
- ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
- IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
- s390x architecture requires z14 ISA
For more information, see RHEL Architectures.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
3.5.4.2. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for AWS
You can customize the installation configuration file (install-config.yaml
) to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 credentialsMode: Mint 2 controlPlane: 3 4 hyperthreading: Enabled 5 name: master platform: aws: zones: - us-west-2a - us-west-2b rootVolume: iops: 4000 size: 500 type: io1 6 metadataService: authentication: Optional 7 type: m6i.xlarge replicas: 3 compute: 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: aws: rootVolume: iops: 2000 size: 500 type: io1 10 metadataService: authentication: Optional 11 type: c5.4xlarge zones: - us-west-2c replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OVNKubernetes 13 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: aws: region: us-west-2 14 propagateUserTags: true 15 userTags: adminContact: jdoe costCenter: 7536 subnets: 16 - subnet-1 - subnet-2 - subnet-3 amiID: ami-0c5d3e03c0ab9b19a 17 serviceEndpoints: 18 - name: ec2 url: https://vpce-id.ec2.us-west-2.vpce.amazonaws.com hostedZone: Z3URY6TWQ91KVV 19 fips: false 20 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 21 pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}' 22 additionalTrustBundle: | 23 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- imageContentSources: 24 - mirrors: - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev
- 1 12 14
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2
- Optional: Add this parameter to force the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) to use the specified mode. By default, the CCO uses the root credentials in the
kube-system
namespace to dynamically try to determine the capabilities of the credentials. For details about CCO modes, see the "About the Cloud Credential Operator" section in the Authentication and authorization guide. - 3 8 15
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 4
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but thecompute
section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 5 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as
m4.2xlarge
orm5.2xlarge
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 6 10
- To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as
io1
and setiops
to2000
. - 7 11
- Whether to require the Amazon EC2 Instance Metadata Service v2 (IMDSv2). To require IMDSv2, set the parameter value to
Required
. To allow the use of both IMDSv1 and IMDSv2, set the parameter value toOptional
. If no value is specified, both IMDSv1 and IMDSv2 are allowed.NoteThe IMDS configuration for control plane machines that is set during cluster installation can only be changed by using the AWS CLI. The IMDS configuration for compute machines can be changed by using compute machine sets.
- 13
- The cluster network plugin to install. The default value
OVNKubernetes
is the only supported value. - 16
- If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
- 17
- The ID of the AMI used to boot machines for the cluster. If set, the AMI must belong to the same region as the cluster.
- 18
- The AWS service endpoints. Custom endpoints are required when installing to an unknown AWS region. The endpoint URL must use the
https
protocol and the host must trust the certificate. - 19
- The ID of your existing Route 53 private hosted zone. Providing an existing hosted zone requires that you supply your own VPC and the hosted zone is already associated with the VPC prior to installing your cluster. If undefined, the installation program creates a new hosted zone.
- 20
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Switching RHEL to FIPS mode.
When running Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) booted in FIPS mode, OpenShift Container Platform core components use the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures.
- 21
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses. - 22
- For
<local_registry>
, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For exampleregistry.example.com
orregistry.example.com:5000
. For<credentials>
, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry. - 23
- Provide the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry.
- 24
- Provide the
imageContentSources
section from the output of the command to mirror the repository.
3.5.4.3. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com,elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com,s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations. If you have added the AmazonEC2
,Elastic Load Balancing
, andS3
VPC endpoints to your VPC, you must add these endpoints to thenoProxy
field. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. - 5
- Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the
Proxy
object to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map in thetrustedCA
field. The allowed values areProxyonly
andAlways
. UseProxyonly
to reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map only whenhttp/https
proxy is configured. UseAlways
to always reference theuser-ca-bundle
config map. The default value isProxyonly
.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-for
command of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
3.5.5. Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project
By default, administrator secrets are stored in the kube-system
project. If you configured the credentialsMode
parameter in the install-config.yaml
file to Manual
, you must use one of the following alternatives:
- To manage long-term cloud credentials manually, follow the procedure in Manually creating long-term credentials.
- To implement short-term credentials that are managed outside the cluster for individual components, follow the procedures in Configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials.
3.5.5.1. Manually creating long-term credentials
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system
namespace.
Procedure
If you did not set the
credentialsMode
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
configuration file toManual
, modify the value as shown:Sample configuration file snippet
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com credentialsMode: Manual # ...
If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
custom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
This command creates a YAML file for each
CredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
objectapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component_credentials_request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AWSProviderSpec statementEntries: - effect: Allow action: - iam:GetUser - iam:GetUserPolicy - iam:ListAccessKeys resource: "*" ...
Create YAML files for secrets in the
openshift-install
manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in thespec.secretRef
for eachCredentialsRequest
object.Sample
CredentialsRequest
object with secretsapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component_credentials_request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: AWSProviderSpec statementEntries: - effect: Allow action: - s3:CreateBucket - s3:DeleteBucket resource: "*" ... secretRef: name: <component_secret> namespace: <component_namespace> ...
Sample
Secret
objectapiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: <component_secret> namespace: <component_namespace> data: aws_access_key_id: <base64_encoded_aws_access_key_id> aws_secret_access_key: <base64_encoded_aws_secret_access_key>
Before upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.
3.5.5.2. Configuring an AWS cluster to use short-term credentials
To install a cluster that is configured to use the AWS Security Token Service (STS), you must configure the CCO utility and create the required AWS resources for your cluster.
3.5.5.2.1. Configuring the Cloud Credential Operator utility
To create and manage cloud credentials from outside of the cluster when the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) is operating in manual mode, extract and prepare the CCO utility (ccoctl
) binary.
The ccoctl
utility is a Linux binary that must run in a Linux environment.
Prerequisites
- You have access to an OpenShift Container Platform account with cluster administrator access.
-
You have installed the OpenShift CLI (
oc
).
You have created an AWS account for the
ccoctl
utility to use with the following permissions:Example 3.9. Required AWS permissions
Required
iam
permissions-
iam:CreateOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:CreateRole
-
iam:DeleteOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:DeleteRole
-
iam:DeleteRolePolicy
-
iam:GetOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:GetRole
-
iam:GetUser
-
iam:ListOpenIDConnectProviders
-
iam:ListRolePolicies
-
iam:ListRoles
-
iam:PutRolePolicy
-
iam:TagOpenIDConnectProvider
-
iam:TagRole
Required
s3
permissions-
s3:CreateBucket
-
s3:DeleteBucket
-
s3:DeleteObject
-
s3:GetBucketAcl
-
s3:GetBucketTagging
-
s3:GetObject
-
s3:GetObjectAcl
-
s3:GetObjectTagging
-
s3:ListBucket
-
s3:PutBucketAcl
-
s3:PutBucketPolicy
-
s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
-
s3:PutBucketTagging
-
s3:PutObject
-
s3:PutObjectAcl
-
s3:PutObjectTagging
Required
cloudfront
permissions-
cloudfront:ListCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentities
-
cloudfront:ListDistributions
-
cloudfront:ListTagsForResource
If you plan to store the OIDC configuration in a private S3 bucket that is accessed by the IAM identity provider through a public CloudFront distribution URL, the AWS account that runs the
ccoctl
utility requires the following additional permissions:Example 3.10. Additional permissions for a private S3 bucket with CloudFront
-
cloudfront:CreateCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:CreateDistribution
-
cloudfront:DeleteCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:DeleteDistribution
-
cloudfront:GetCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentity
-
cloudfront:GetCloudFrontOriginAccessIdentityConfig
-
cloudfront:GetDistribution
-
cloudfront:TagResource
-
cloudfront:UpdateDistribution
NoteThese additional permissions support the use of the
--create-private-s3-bucket
option when processing credentials requests with theccoctl aws create-all
command.-
Procedure
Set a variable for the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Obtain the CCO container image from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ CCO_IMAGE=$(oc adm release info --image-for='cloud-credential-operator' $RELEASE_IMAGE -a ~/.pull-secret)
NoteEnsure that the architecture of the
$RELEASE_IMAGE
matches the architecture of the environment in which you will use theccoctl
tool.Extract the
ccoctl
binary from the CCO container image within the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc image extract $CCO_IMAGE \ --file="/usr/bin/ccoctl.<rhel_version>" \1 -a ~/.pull-secret
- 1
- For
<rhel_version>
, specify the value that corresponds to the version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) that the host uses. If no value is specified,ccoctl.rhel8
is used by default. The following values are valid:-
rhel8
: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 8. -
rhel9
: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 9.
-
Change the permissions to make
ccoctl
executable by running the following command:$ chmod 775 ccoctl.<rhel_version>
Verification
To verify that
ccoctl
is ready to use, display the help file. Use a relative file name when you run the command, for example:$ ./ccoctl.rhel9
Example output
OpenShift credentials provisioning tool Usage: ccoctl [command] Available Commands: aws Manage credentials objects for AWS cloud azure Manage credentials objects for Azure gcp Manage credentials objects for Google cloud help Help about any command ibmcloud Manage credentials objects for {ibm-cloud-title} nutanix Manage credentials objects for Nutanix Flags: -h, --help help for ccoctl Use "ccoctl [command] --help" for more information about a command.
3.5.5.2.2. Creating AWS resources with the Cloud Credential Operator utility
You have the following options when creating AWS resources:
-
You can use the
ccoctl aws create-all
command to create the AWS resources automatically. This is the quickest way to create the resources. See Creating AWS resources with a single command. -
If you need to review the JSON files that the
ccoctl
tool creates before modifying AWS resources, or if the process theccoctl
tool uses to create AWS resources automatically does not meet the requirements of your organization, you can create the AWS resources individually. See Creating AWS resources individually.
3.5.5.2.2.1. Creating AWS resources with a single command
If the process the ccoctl
tool uses to create AWS resources automatically meets the requirements of your organization, you can use the ccoctl aws create-all
command to automate the creation of AWS resources.
Otherwise, you can create the AWS resources individually. For more information, see "Creating AWS resources individually".
By default, ccoctl
creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir
flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>
to refer to this directory.
Prerequisites
You must have:
-
Extracted and prepared the
ccoctl
binary.
Procedure
Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
NoteThis command might take a few moments to run.
Use the
ccoctl
tool to process allCredentialsRequest
objects by running the following command:$ ccoctl aws create-all \ --name=<name> \1 --region=<aws_region> \2 --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \3 --output-dir=<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir> \4 --create-private-s3-bucket 5
- 1
- Specify the name used to tag any cloud resources that are created for tracking.
- 2
- Specify the AWS region in which cloud resources will be created.
- 3
- Specify the directory containing the files for the component
CredentialsRequest
objects. - 4
- Optional: Specify the directory in which you want the
ccoctl
utility to create objects. By default, the utility creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. - 5
- Optional: By default, the
ccoctl
utility stores the OpenID Connect (OIDC) configuration files in a public S3 bucket and uses the S3 URL as the public OIDC endpoint. To store the OIDC configuration in a private S3 bucket that is accessed by the IAM identity provider through a public CloudFront distribution URL instead, use the--create-private-s3-bucket
parameter.
NoteIf your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the
TechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set, you must include the--enable-tech-preview
parameter.
Verification
To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the
<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
directory:$ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
Example output
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-operator-iam-ro-creds-credentials.yaml openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-api-capa-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
You can verify that the IAM roles are created by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation on listing IAM roles.
3.5.5.2.2.2. Creating AWS resources individually
You can use the ccoctl
tool to create AWS resources individually. This option might be useful for an organization that shares the responsibility for creating these resources among different users or departments.
Otherwise, you can use the ccoctl aws create-all
command to create the AWS resources automatically. For more information, see "Creating AWS resources with a single command".
By default, ccoctl
creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir
flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>
to refer to this directory.
Some ccoctl
commands make AWS API calls to create or modify AWS resources. You can use the --dry-run
flag to avoid making API calls. Using this flag creates JSON files on the local file system instead. You can review and modify the JSON files and then apply them with the AWS CLI tool using the --cli-input-json
parameters.
Prerequisites
-
Extract and prepare the
ccoctl
binary.
Procedure
Generate the public and private RSA key files that are used to set up the OpenID Connect provider for the cluster by running the following command:
$ ccoctl aws create-key-pair
Example output
2021/04/13 11:01:02 Generating RSA keypair 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Writing private key to /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.private 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Writing public key to /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.public 2021/04/13 11:01:03 Copying signing key for use by installer
where
serviceaccount-signer.private
andserviceaccount-signer.public
are the generated key files.This command also creates a private key that the cluster requires during installation in
/<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls/bound-service-account-signing-key.key
.Create an OpenID Connect identity provider and S3 bucket on AWS by running the following command:
$ ccoctl aws create-identity-provider \ --name=<name> \1 --region=<aws_region> \2 --public-key-file=<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/serviceaccount-signer.public 3
Example output
2021/04/13 11:16:09 Bucket <name>-oidc created 2021/04/13 11:16:10 OpenID Connect discovery document in the S3 bucket <name>-oidc at .well-known/openid-configuration updated 2021/04/13 11:16:10 Reading public key 2021/04/13 11:16:10 JSON web key set (JWKS) in the S3 bucket <name>-oidc at keys.json updated 2021/04/13 11:16:18 Identity Provider created with ARN: arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
where
openid-configuration
is a discovery document andkeys.json
is a JSON web key set file.This command also creates a YAML configuration file in
/<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml
. This file sets the issuer URL field for the service account tokens that the cluster generates, so that the AWS IAM identity provider trusts the tokens.Create IAM roles for each component in the cluster:
Set a
$RELEASE_IMAGE
variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
Extract the list of
CredentialsRequest
objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image:$ oc adm release extract \ --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \ --credentials-requests \ --included \1 --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2 --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3
- 1
- The
--included
parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires. - 2
- Specify the location of the
install-config.yaml
file. - 3
- Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the
CredentialsRequest
objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.
Use the
ccoctl
tool to process allCredentialsRequest
objects by running the following command:$ ccoctl aws create-iam-roles \ --name=<name> \ --region=<aws_region> \ --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \ --identity-provider-arn=arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:oidc-provider/<name>-oidc.s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
NoteFor AWS environments that use alternative IAM API endpoints, such as GovCloud, you must also specify your region with the
--region
parameter.If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the
TechPreviewNoUpgrade
feature set, you must include the--enable-tech-preview
parameter.For each
CredentialsRequest
object,ccoctl
creates an IAM role with a trust policy that is tied to the specified OIDC identity provider, and a permissions policy as defined in eachCredentialsRequest
object from the OpenShift Container Platform release image.
Verification
To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the
<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
directory:$ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
Example output
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml openshift-cloud-credential-operator-cloud-credential-operator-iam-ro-creds-credentials.yaml openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-api-capa-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-ebs-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml openshift-machine-api-aws-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
You can verify that the IAM roles are created by querying AWS. For more information, refer to AWS documentation on listing IAM roles.
3.5.5.2.3. Incorporating the Cloud Credential Operator utility manifests
To implement short-term security credentials managed outside the cluster for individual components, you must move the manifest files that the Cloud Credential Operator utility (ccoctl
) created to the correct directories for the installation program.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
-
You have configured the Cloud Credential Operator utility (
ccoctl
). -
You have created the cloud provider resources that are required for your cluster with the
ccoctl
utility.
Procedure
If you did not set the
credentialsMode
parameter in theinstall-config.yaml
configuration file toManual
, modify the value as shown:Sample configuration file snippet
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com credentialsMode: Manual # ...
If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>
is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Copy the manifests that the
ccoctl
utility generated to themanifests
directory that the installation program created by running the following command:$ cp /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/* ./manifests/
Copy the
tls
directory that contains the private key to the installation directory:$ cp -a /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls .
3.5.6. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You have verified that the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
Optional: Remove or disable the
AdministratorAccess
policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.NoteThe elevated permissions provided by the
AdministratorAccess
policy are required only during installation.
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
3.5.7. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
3.5.8. Disabling the default OperatorHub catalog sources
Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.
Procedure
Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding
disableAllDefaultSources: true
to theOperatorHub
object:$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \ -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration → Cluster Settings → Configuration → OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, update, delete, disable, and enable individual sources.
3.5.9. Next steps
- Validate an installation.
- Customize your cluster.
-
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the
must-gather
tool. - Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager in disconnected environments.
- If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
3.6. Installing a cluster on AWS into an existing VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.17, you can install a cluster into an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Amazon Web Services (AWS). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before you install the cluster.
3.6.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
If the existing VPC is owned by a different account than the cluster, you shared the VPC between accounts.
ImportantIf you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use long-term credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
3.6.2. About using a custom VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.17, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.
Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.
3.6.2.1. Requirements for using your VPC
The installation program no longer creates the following components:
- Internet gateways
- NAT gateways
- Subnets
- Route tables
- VPCs
- VPC DHCP options
- VPC endpoints
The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.
If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. See Create a VPC in the Amazon Web Services documentation for more information about AWS VPC console wizard configurations and creating and managing an AWS VPC.
The installation program cannot:
- Subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use.
- Set route tables for the subnets.
- Set VPC options like DHCP.
You must complete these tasks before you install the cluster. See VPC networking components and Route tables for your VPC for more information on configuring networking in an AWS VPC.
Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:
Create a public and private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses. Each availability zone can contain no more than one public and one private subnet. For an example of this type of configuration, see VPC with public and private subnets (NAT) in the AWS documentation.
Record each subnet ID. Completing the installation requires that you enter these values in the
platform
section of theinstall-config.yaml
file. See Finding a subnet ID in the AWS documentation.-
The VPC’s CIDR block must contain the
Networking.MachineCIDR
range, which is the IP address pool for cluster machines. The subnet CIDR blocks must belong to the machine CIDR that you specify. The VPC must have a public internet gateway attached to it. For each availability zone:
- The public subnet requires a route to the internet gateway.
- The public subnet requires a NAT gateway with an EIP address.
- The private subnet requires a route to the NAT gateway in public subnet.
The VPC must not use the
kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned
,Name
, andopenshift.io/cluster
tags.The installation program modifies your subnets to add the
kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared
tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. See Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to confirm that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify. You cannot use aName
tag, because it overlaps with the EC2Name
field and the installation fails.-
If you want to extend your OpenShift Container Platform cluster into an AWS Outpost and have an existing Outpost subnet, the existing subnet must use the
kubernetes.io/cluster/unmanaged: true
tag. If you do not apply this tag, the installation might fail due to the Cloud Controller Manager creating a service load balancer in the Outpost subnet, which is an unsupported configuration. You must enable the
enableDnsSupport
andenableDnsHostnames
attributes in your VPC, so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.If you prefer to use your own Route 53 hosted private zone, you must associate the existing hosted zone with your VPC prior to installing a cluster. You can define your hosted zone using the
platform.aws.hostedZone
andplatform.aws.hostedZoneRole
fields in theinstall-config.yaml
file. You can use a private hosted zone from another account by sharing it with the account where you install the cluster. If you use a private hosted zone from another account, you must use thePassthrough
orManual
credentials mode.
If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2, ELB, and S3 endpoints. Depending on the level to which you want to restrict internet traffic during the installation, the following configuration options are available:
Option 1: Create VPC endpoints
Create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnets that the clusters are using. Name the endpoints as follows:
-
ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
With this option, network traffic remains private between your VPC and the required AWS services.
Option 2: Create a proxy without VPC endpoints
As part of the installation process, you can configure an HTTP or HTTPS proxy. With this option, internet traffic goes through the proxy to reach the required AWS services.
Option 3: Create a proxy with VPC endpoints
As part of the installation process, you can configure an HTTP or HTTPS proxy with VPC endpoints. Create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnets that the clusters are using. Name the endpoints as follows:
-
ec2.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
elasticloadbalancing.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
-
s3.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com
When configuring the proxy in the install-config.yaml
file, add these endpoints to the noProxy
field. With this option, the proxy prevents the cluster from accessing the internet directly. However, network traffic remains private between your VPC and the required AWS services.
Required VPC components
You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.
Component | AWS type | Description | |
---|---|---|---|
VPC |
| You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3. | |
Public subnets |
| Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules. | |
Internet gateway |
| You must have a public internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios. | |
Network access control |
| You must allow the VPC to access the following ports: | |
Port | Reason | ||
| Inbound HTTP traffic | ||
| Inbound HTTPS traffic | ||
| Inbound SSH traffic | ||
| Inbound ephemeral traffic | ||
| Outbound ephemeral traffic | ||