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3.7. Backing Up and Restoring XFS File Systems

XFS file system backup and restoration involve these utilities:
  • xfsdump for creating the backup
  • xfsrestore for restoring from backup

3.7.1. Features of XFS Backup and Restoration
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Backup
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You can use the xfsdump utility to:
  • Perform backups to regular file images.
    Only one backup can be written to a regular file.
  • Perform backups to tape drives.
    The xfsdump utility also allows you to write multiple backups to the same tape. A backup can span multiple tapes.
    To back up multiple file systems to a single tape device, simply write the backup to a tape that already contains an XFS backup. This appends the new backup to the previous one. By default, xfsdump never overwrites existing backups.
  • Create incremental backups.
    The xfsdump utility uses dump levels to determine a base backup to which other backups are relative. Numbers from 0 to 9 refer to increasing dump levels. An incremental backup only backs up files that have changed since the last dump of a lower level:
    • To perform a full backup, perform a level 0 dump on the file system.
    • A level 1 dump is the first incremental backup after a full backup. The next incremental backup would be level 2, which only backs up files that have changed since the last level 1 dump; and so on, to a maximum of level 9.
  • Exclude files from a backup using size, subtree, or inode flags to filter them.

Restoration
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The xfsrestore utility restores file systems from backups produced by xfsdump. The xfsrestore utility has two modes:
  • The simple mode enables users to restore an entire file system from a level 0 dump. This is the default mode.
  • The cumulative mode enables file system restoration from an incremental backup: that is, level 1 to level 9.
A unique session ID or session label identifies each backup. Restoring a backup from a tape containing multiple backups requires its corresponding session ID or label.
To extract, add, or delete specific files from a backup, enter the xfsrestore interactive mode. The interactive mode provides a set of commands to manipulate the backup files.

3.7.2. Backing Up an XFS File System
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This procedure describes how to back up the content of an XFS file system into a file or a tape.

Procedure 3.1. Backing Up an XFS File System

  • Use the following command to back up an XFS file system: 
    # xfsdump -l level [-L label] -f backup-destination path-to-xfs-filesystem
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    • Replace level with the dump level of your backup. Use 0 to perform a full backup or 1 to 9 to perform consequent incremental backups.
    • Replace backup-destination with the path where you want to store your backup. The destination can be a regular file, a tape drive, or a remote tape device. For example, /backup-files/Data.xfsdump for a file or /dev/st0 for a tape drive.
    • Replace path-to-xfs-filesystem with the mount point of the XFS file system you want to back up. For example, /mnt/data/. The file system must be mounted.
    • When backing up multiple file systems and saving them on a single tape device, add a session label to each backup using the -L label option so that it is easier to identify them when restoring. Replace label with any name for your backup: for example, backup_data.

Example 3.4. Backing up Multiple XFS File Systems

  • To back up the content of XFS file systems mounted on the /boot/ and /data/ directories and save them as files in the /backup-files/ directory: 
    # xfsdump -l 0 -f /backup-files/boot.xfsdump /boot
# xfsdump -l 0 -f /backup-files/data.xfsdump /data
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  • To back up multiple file systems on a single tape device, add a session label to each backup using the -L label option: 
    # xfsdump -l 0 -L "backup_boot" -f /dev/st0 /boot
# xfsdump -l 0 -L "backup_data" -f /dev/st0 /data
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Additional Resources

  • For more information about backing up XFS file systems, see the xfsdump(8) man page.

3.7.3. Restoring an XFS File System from Backup
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This procedure describes how to restore the content of an XFS file system from a file or tape backup.

Prerequisites

Procedure 3.2. Restoring an XFS File System from Backup

  • The command to restore the backup varies depending on whether you are restoring from a full backup or an incremental one, or are restoring multiple backups from a single tape device: 
    # xfsrestore [-r] [-S session-id] [-L session-label] [-i]
             -f backup-location restoration-path
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    • Replace backup-location with the location of the backup. This can be a regular file, a tape drive, or a remote tape device. For example, /backup-files/Data.xfsdump for a file or /dev/st0 for a tape drive.
    • Replace restoration-path with the path to the directory where you want to restore the file system. For example, /mnt/data/.
    • To restore a file system from an incremental (level 1 to level 9) backup, add the -r option.
    • To restore a backup from a tape device that contains multiple backups, specify the backup using the -S or -L options.
      The -S lets you choose a backup by its session ID, while the -L lets you choose by the session label. To obtain the session ID and session labels, use the xfsrestore -I command.
      Replace session-id with the session ID of the backup. For example, b74a3586-e52e-4a4a-8775-c3334fa8ea2c. Replace session-label with the session label of the backup. For example, my_backup_session_label.
    • To use xfsrestore interactively, use the -i option.
      The interactive dialog begins after xfsrestore finishes reading the specified device. Available commands in the interactive xfsrestore shell include cd, ls, add, delete, and extract; for a complete list of commands, use the help command.

Example 3.5. Restoring Multiple XFS File Systems

To restore the XFS backup files and save their content into directories under /mnt/: 
# xfsrestore -f /backup-files/boot.xfsdump /mnt/boot/
# xfsrestore -f /backup-files/data.xfsdump /mnt/data/
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To restore from a tape device containing multiple backups, specify each backup by its session label or session ID: 
# xfsrestore -f /dev/st0 -L "backup_boot" /mnt/boot/
# xfsrestore -f /dev/st0 -S "45e9af35-efd2-4244-87bc-4762e476cbab" /mnt/data/
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Informational Messages When Restoring a Backup from a Tape

When restoring a backup from a tape with backups from multiple file systems, the xfsrestore utility might issue messages. The messages inform you whether a match of the requested backup has been found when xfsrestore examines each backup on the tape in sequential order. For example: 
xfsrestore: preparing drive
xfsrestore: examining media file 0
xfsrestore: inventory session uuid (8590224e-3c93-469c-a311-fc8f23029b2a) does not match the media header's session uuid (7eda9f86-f1e9-4dfd-b1d4-c50467912408)
xfsrestore: examining media file 1
xfsrestore: inventory session uuid (8590224e-3c93-469c-a311-fc8f23029b2a) does not match the media header's session uuid (7eda9f86-f1e9-4dfd-b1d4-c50467912408)
[...]
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The informational messages keep appearing until the matching backup is found.

Additional Resources

  • For more information about restoring XFS file systems, see the xfsrestore(8) man page.
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