10.7. 管理服务时的其他注意事项

Processes systemd spawns are placed in individual Linux control groups named after the unit which they belong to in the private systemd hierarchy. (see cgroups.txt[1] for more information about control groups, or short "cgroups"). systemd uses this to effectively keep track of processes. Control group information is maintained in the kernel, and is accessible via the file system hierarchy (beneath /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/), or in tools such as ps(1) (ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args is particularly useful to list all processes and the systemd units they belong to).

Processes systemd spawns are placed in individual Linux control groups named after the unit which they belong to in the private systemd hierarchy. (see cgroups.txt[1] for more information about control groups, or short "cgroups"). systemd uses this to effectively keep track of processes. Control group information is maintained in the kernel, and is accessible via the file system hierarchy (beneath /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/), or in tools such as ps(1) (ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args is particularly useful to list all processes and the systemd units they belong to).

~]# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/system.slice/httpd.service/cgroup.procs
11854
11855
11856
11857
11858
11859

~]# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/system.slice/httpd.service/cgroup.procs
11854
11855
11856
11857
11858
11859

systemctl status httpd

~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-05-29 12:08:16 EDT; 45s ago
   Docs: man:httpd(8)
      man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 11854 (httpd)
  Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:  0 B/sec"
  CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
      ├─11854 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─11855 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─11856 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─11857 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─11858 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      └─11859 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

May 29 12:08:16 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
May 29 12:08:16 localhost systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

systemd-cgls | head -17

~]# systemd-cgls | head -17
├─1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
├─user.slice
│ └─user-0.slice
│  └─session-168.scope
│   ├─ 3049 login -- root
│   ├─11884 -bash
│   ├─11943 systemd-cgls
│   └─11944 head -17
└─system.slice
 ├─httpd.service
 │ ├─11854 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 │ ├─11855 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 │ ├─11856 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 │ ├─11857 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 │ ├─11858 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 │ └─11859 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 ├─rhnsd.service

systemctl stop httpd
/usr/sbin/httpd

~]# systemctl stop httpd
~]# /usr/sbin/httpd
# systemd-cgls | head -17
├─1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
├─user.slice
│ └─user-0.slice
│  └─session-168.scope
│   ├─ 3049 login -- root
│   ├─11884 -bash
│   ├─11957 /usr/sbin/httpd
│   ├─11958 /usr/sbin/httpd
│   ├─11959 /usr/sbin/httpd
│   ├─11960 /usr/sbin/httpd
│   ├─11961 /usr/sbin/httpd
│   ├─11962 /usr/sbin/httpd
│   ├─11963 systemd-cgls
│   └─11964 head -17
└─system.slice
 ├─rhnsd.service
 │ └─3261 rhnsd