Installing on GCP

OpenShift Container Platform 4.13

Installing OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform

Red Hat OpenShift Documentation Team

Legal Notice

Abstract

This document describes how to install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform.

Chapter 1. Preparing to install on GCP

1.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.

1.2. Requirements for installing OpenShift Container Platform on GCP

Before installing OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP), you must create a service account and configure a GCP project. See Configuring a GCP project for details about creating a project, enabling API services, configuring DNS, GCP account limits, and supported GCP regions.

If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, see Manually creating IAM for GCP for other options.

1.3. Choosing a method to install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure. The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, where the installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provision. If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisions, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself.

See Installation process for more information about installer-provisioned and user-provisioned installation processes.

1.3.1. Installing a cluster on installer-provisioned infrastructure

You can install a cluster on GCP infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program, by using one of the following methods:

Installing a cluster quickly on GCP: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. You can install a cluster quickly by using the default configuration options.
Installing a customized cluster on GCP: You can install a customized cluster on GCP infrastructure that the installation program provisions. The installation program allows for some customization to be applied at the installation stage. Many other customization options are available post-installation.
Installing a cluster on GCP with network customizations: You can customize your OpenShift Container Platform network configuration during installation, so that your cluster can coexist with your existing IP address allocations and adhere to your network requirements.
Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP on installer-provisioned infrastructure by using an internal mirror of the installation release content. You can use this method to install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components. While you can install OpenShift Container Platform by using the mirrored content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the GCP APIs.
Installing a cluster into an existing Virtual Private Cloud: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on an existing GCP Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). You can use this installation method if you have constraints set by the guidelines of your company, such as limits on creating new accounts or infrastructure.
Installing a private cluster on an existing VPC: You can install a private cluster on an existing GCP VPC. You can use this method to deploy OpenShift Container Platform on an internal network that is not visible to the internet.

1.3.2. Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure

You can install a cluster on GCP infrastructure that you provision, by using one of the following methods:

Installing a cluster on GCP with user-provisioned infrastructure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP infrastructure that you provide. You can use the provided Deployment Manager templates to assist with the installation.
Installing a cluster with shared VPC on user-provisioned infrastructure in GCP: You can use the provided Deployment Manager templates to create GCP resources in a shared VPC infrastructure.
Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure. By creating an internal mirror of the installation release content, you can install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components. You can also use this installation method to ensure that your clusters only use container images that satisfy your organizational controls on external content.

1.4. Next steps

Configuring a GCP project

Chapter 2. Configuring a GCP project

Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.

2.1. Creating a GCP project

To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.

Procedure

Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
Important
Your GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.

2.2. Enabling API services in GCP

Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Enable the following required API services in the project that hosts your cluster. You may also enable optional API services which are not required for installation. See Enabling services in the GCP documentation.

Table 2.1. Required API services
API service	Console service name
Compute Engine API	`compute.googleapis.com`
Cloud Resource Manager API	`cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com`
Google DNS API	`dns.googleapis.com`
IAM Service Account Credentials API	`iamcredentials.googleapis.com`
Identity and Access Management (IAM) API	`iam.googleapis.com`
Service Usage API	`serviceusage.googleapis.com`

Table 2.2. Optional API services
API service	Console service name
Google Cloud APIs	`cloudapis.googleapis.com`
Service Management API	`servicemanagement.googleapis.com`
Google Cloud Storage JSON API	`storage-api.googleapis.com`
Cloud Storage	`storage-component.googleapis.com`

2.3. Configuring DNS for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the same project that you host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
Note
If you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.
Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.

2.4. GCP account limits

The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) components, but the default Quotas do not affect your ability to install a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

A default cluster, which contains three compute and three control plane machines, uses the following resources. Note that some resources are required only during the bootstrap process and are removed after the cluster deploys.

Table 2.3. GCP resources used in a default cluster
Service	Component	Location	Total resources required	Resources removed after bootstrap
Service account	IAM	Global	6	1
Firewall rules	Compute	Global	11	1
Forwarding rules	Compute	Global	2	0
In-use global IP addresses	Compute	Global	4	1
Health checks	Compute	Global	3	0
Images	Compute	Global	1	0
Networks	Compute	Global	2	0
Static IP addresses	Compute	Region	4	1
Routers	Compute	Global	1	0
Routes	Compute	Global	2	0
Subnetworks	Compute	Global	2	0
Target pools	Compute	Global	3	0
CPUs	Compute	Region	28	4
Persistent disk SSD (GB)	Compute	Region	896	128

Note

If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.

Be sure to consider your actual cluster size, planned cluster growth, and any usage from other clusters that are associated with your account. The CPU, static IP addresses, and persistent disk SSD (storage) quotas are the ones that are most likely to be insufficient.

If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:

asia-east2
asia-northeast2
asia-south1
australia-southeast1
europe-north1
europe-west2
europe-west3
europe-west6
northamerica-northeast1
southamerica-east1
us-west2

You can increase resource quotas from the GCP console, but you might need to file a support ticket. Be sure to plan your cluster size early so that you can allow time to resolve the support ticket before you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

2.5. Creating a service account in GCP

OpenShift Container Platform requires a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) service account that provides authentication and authorization to access data in the Google APIs. If you do not have an existing IAM service account that contains the required roles in your project, you must create one.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the Owner role to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.
Note
While making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
You can create the service account key in JSON format, or attach the service account to a GCP virtual machine. See Creating service account keys and Creating and enabling service accounts for instances in the GCP documentation.
You must have a service account key or a virtual machine with an attached service account to create the cluster.
Note
If you use a virtual machine with an attached service account to create your cluster, you must set credentialsMode: Manual in the install-config.yaml file before installation.

Additional resources

See Manually creating IAM for more details about using manual credentials mode.

2.5.1. Required GCP roles

When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If the security policies for your organization require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a service account with the following permissions.

Important

If you configure the Cloud Credential Operator to operate in passthrough mode, you must use roles rather than granular permissions.

If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:

Required roles for the installation program

Compute Admin
IAM Security Admin
Service Account Admin
Service Account Key Admin
Service Account User
Storage Admin

Required roles for creating network resources during installation

DNS Administrator

Required roles for using passthrough credentials mode

Compute Load Balancer Admin
IAM Role Viewer

The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:

Table 2.4. GCP service account permissions
Account	Roles
Control Plane	`roles/compute.instanceAdmin`
	`roles/compute.networkAdmin`
	`roles/compute.securityAdmin`
	`roles/storage.admin`
	`roles/iam.serviceAccountUser`
Compute	`roles/compute.viewer`
Compute	`roles/storage.admin`

2.5.2. Required GCP permissions for installer-provisioned infrastructure

When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform.

If the security policies for your organization require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the installer-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Important

If you configure the Cloud Credential Operator to operate in passthrough mode, you must use roles rather than granular permissions. For more information, see "Required roles for using passthrough credentials mode" in the "Required GCP roles" section.

Example 2.1. Required permissions for creating network resources

compute.addresses.create
compute.addresses.createInternal
compute.addresses.delete
compute.addresses.get
compute.addresses.list
compute.addresses.use
compute.addresses.useInternal
compute.firewalls.create
compute.firewalls.delete
compute.firewalls.get
compute.firewalls.list
compute.forwardingRules.create
compute.forwardingRules.get
compute.forwardingRules.list
compute.forwardingRules.setLabels
compute.networks.create
compute.networks.get
compute.networks.list
compute.networks.updatePolicy
compute.routers.create
compute.routers.get
compute.routers.list
compute.routers.update
compute.routes.list
compute.subnetworks.create
compute.subnetworks.get
compute.subnetworks.list
compute.subnetworks.use
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp

Example 2.2. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources

compute.regionBackendServices.create
compute.regionBackendServices.get
compute.regionBackendServices.list
compute.regionBackendServices.update
compute.regionBackendServices.use
compute.targetPools.addInstance
compute.targetPools.create
compute.targetPools.get
compute.targetPools.list
compute.targetPools.removeInstance
compute.targetPools.use

Example 2.3. Required permissions for creating DNS resources

dns.changes.create
dns.changes.get
dns.managedZones.create
dns.managedZones.get
dns.managedZones.list
dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone
dns.resourceRecordSets.create
dns.resourceRecordSets.list

Example 2.4. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources

iam.serviceAccountKeys.create
iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete
iam.serviceAccountKeys.get
iam.serviceAccountKeys.list
iam.serviceAccounts.actAs
iam.serviceAccounts.create
iam.serviceAccounts.delete
iam.serviceAccounts.get
iam.serviceAccounts.list
resourcemanager.projects.get
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

Example 2.5. Required permissions for creating compute resources

compute.disks.create
compute.disks.get
compute.disks.list
compute.instanceGroups.create
compute.instanceGroups.delete
compute.instanceGroups.get
compute.instanceGroups.list
compute.instanceGroups.update
compute.instanceGroups.use
compute.instances.create
compute.instances.delete
compute.instances.get
compute.instances.list
compute.instances.setLabels
compute.instances.setMetadata
compute.instances.setServiceAccount
compute.instances.setTags
compute.instances.use
compute.machineTypes.get
compute.machineTypes.list

Example 2.6. Required for creating storage resources

storage.buckets.create
storage.buckets.delete
storage.buckets.get
storage.buckets.list
storage.objects.create
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.get
storage.objects.list

Example 2.7. Required permissions for creating health check resources

compute.healthChecks.create
compute.healthChecks.get
compute.healthChecks.list
compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly
compute.httpHealthChecks.create
compute.httpHealthChecks.get
compute.httpHealthChecks.list
compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly

Example 2.8. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information

compute.globalOperations.get
compute.regionOperations.get
compute.regions.list
compute.zoneOperations.get
compute.zones.get
compute.zones.list

Example 2.9. Required permissions for checking services and quotas

monitoring.timeSeries.list
serviceusage.quotas.get
serviceusage.services.list

Example 2.10. Required IAM permissions for installation

iam.roles.get

Example 2.11. Optional Images permissions for installation

compute.images.list

Example 2.12. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap

compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput

Example 2.13. Required permissions for deleting network resources

compute.addresses.delete
compute.addresses.deleteInternal
compute.addresses.list
compute.firewalls.delete
compute.firewalls.list
compute.forwardingRules.delete
compute.forwardingRules.list
compute.networks.delete
compute.networks.list
compute.networks.updatePolicy
compute.routers.delete
compute.routers.list
compute.routes.list
compute.subnetworks.delete
compute.subnetworks.list

Example 2.14. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources

compute.regionBackendServices.delete
compute.regionBackendServices.list
compute.targetPools.delete
compute.targetPools.list

Example 2.15. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources

dns.changes.create
dns.managedZones.delete
dns.managedZones.get
dns.managedZones.list
dns.resourceRecordSets.delete
dns.resourceRecordSets.list

Example 2.16. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources

iam.serviceAccounts.delete
iam.serviceAccounts.get
iam.serviceAccounts.list
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

Example 2.17. Required permissions for deleting compute resources

compute.disks.delete
compute.disks.list
compute.instanceGroups.delete
compute.instanceGroups.list
compute.instances.delete
compute.instances.list
compute.instances.stop
compute.machineTypes.list

Example 2.18. Required for deleting storage resources

storage.buckets.delete
storage.buckets.getIamPolicy
storage.buckets.list
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.list

Example 2.19. Required permissions for deleting health check resources

compute.healthChecks.delete
compute.healthChecks.list
compute.httpHealthChecks.delete
compute.httpHealthChecks.list

Example 2.20. Required Images permissions for deletion

compute.images.list

2.5.3. Required GCP permissions for shared VPC installations

When you are installing a cluster to a shared VPC, you must configure the service account for both the host project and the service project. If you are not installing to a shared VPC, you can skip this section.

You must apply the minimum roles required for a standard installation as listed above, to the service project.

Important

You can use granular permissions for a Cloud Credential Operator that operates in either manual or mint credentials mode. You cannot use granular permissions in passthrough credentials mode.

Ensure that the host project applies one of the following configurations to the service account:

Example 2.21. Required permissions for creating firewalls in the host project

projects/<host-project>/roles/dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone
roles/compute.networkAdmin
roles/compute.securityAdmin

Example 2.22. Required minimal permissions

projects/<host-project>/roles/dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone
roles/compute.networkUser

2.6. Supported GCP regions

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:

asia-east1 (Changhua County, Taiwan)
asia-east2 (Hong Kong)
asia-northeast1 (Tokyo, Japan)
asia-northeast2 (Osaka, Japan)
asia-northeast3 (Seoul, South Korea)
asia-south1 (Mumbai, India)
asia-south2 (Delhi, India)
asia-southeast1 (Jurong West, Singapore)
asia-southeast2 (Jakarta, Indonesia)
australia-southeast1 (Sydney, Australia)
australia-southeast2 (Melbourne, Australia)
europe-central2 (Warsaw, Poland)
europe-north1 (Hamina, Finland)
europe-southwest1 (Madrid, Spain)
europe-west1 (St. Ghislain, Belgium)
europe-west2 (London, England, UK)
europe-west3 (Frankfurt, Germany)
europe-west4 (Eemshaven, Netherlands)
europe-west6 (Zürich, Switzerland)
europe-west8 (Milan, Italy)
europe-west9 (Paris, France)
europe-west12 (Turin, Italy)
me-central1 (Doha, Qatar, Middle East)
me-west1 (Tel Aviv, Israel)
northamerica-northeast1 (Montréal, Québec, Canada)
northamerica-northeast2 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
southamerica-east1 (São Paulo, Brazil)
southamerica-west1 (Santiago, Chile)
us-central1 (Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA)
us-east1 (Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA)
us-east4 (Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA)
us-east5 (Columbus, Ohio)
us-south1 (Dallas, Texas)
us-west1 (The Dalles, Oregon, USA)
us-west2 (Los Angeles, California, USA)
us-west3 (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA)
us-west4 (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)

Note

To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.

2.7. Next steps

Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on GCP. You can install a customized cluster or quickly install a cluster with default options.

Chapter 3. Manually creating IAM for GCP

In environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace, you can put the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) into manual mode before you install the cluster.

3.1. Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) manages cloud provider credentials as Kubernetes custom resource definitions (CRDs). You can configure the CCO to suit the security requirements of your organization by setting different values for the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml file.

If you prefer not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system project, you can choose one of the following options when installing OpenShift Container Platform:

Use manual mode with GCP Workload Identity:
You can use the CCO utility (ccoctl) to configure the cluster to use manual mode with GCP Workload Identity. When the CCO utility is used to configure the cluster for GCP Workload Identity, it signs service account tokens that provide short-term, limited-privilege security credentials to components.
Note
This credentials strategy is supported for only new OpenShift Container Platform clusters and must be configured during installation. You cannot reconfigure an existing cluster that uses a different credentials strategy to use this feature.
Manage cloud credentials manually:
You can set the credentialsMode parameter for the CCO to Manual to manage cloud credentials manually. Using manual mode allows each cluster component to have only the permissions it requires, without storing an administrator-level credential in the cluster. You can also use this mode if your environment does not have connectivity to the cloud provider public IAM endpoint. However, you must manually reconcile permissions with new release images for every upgrade. You must also manually supply credentials for every component that requests them.
Remove the administrator-level credential secret after installing OpenShift Container Platform with mint mode:
If you are using the CCO with the credentialsMode parameter set to Mint, you can remove or rotate the administrator-level credential after installing OpenShift Container Platform. Mint mode is the default configuration for the CCO. This option requires the presence of the administrator-level credential during an installation. The administrator-level credential is used during the installation to mint other credentials with some permissions granted. The original credential secret is not stored in the cluster permanently.

Note

Prior to a non z-stream upgrade, you must reinstate the credential secret with the administrator-level credential. If the credential is not present, the upgrade might be blocked.

Additional resources

For a detailed description of all available CCO credential modes and their supported platforms, see About the Cloud Credential Operator.

3.2. Manually create IAM

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the install-config.yaml file by running the following command:
```
$ openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
```
where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.
Edit the install-config.yaml configuration file so that it contains the credentialsMode parameter set to Manual.
Example install-config.yaml configuration file
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: cluster1.example.com
credentialsMode: Manual 1
compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
...
```
1
This line is added to set the credentialsMode parameter to Manual.
Generate the manifests by running the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
```
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
```
where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.
From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain details of the OpenShift Container Platform release image that your openshift-install binary is built to use by running the following command:
```
$ openshift-install version
```
Example output
```
release image quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64
```

Locate all CredentialsRequest objects in this release image that target the cloud you are deploying on by running the following command:

$ oc adm release extract quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64 \
  --credentials-requests \
  --cloud=gcp

This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

Sample CredentialsRequest object

apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: <component-credentials-request>
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
  ...
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
    kind: GCPProviderSpec
    predefinedRoles:
    - roles/storage.admin
    - roles/iam.serviceAccountUser
    skipServiceCheck: true
  ...

Create YAML files for secrets in the openshift-install manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in the spec.secretRef for each CredentialsRequest object.
Sample CredentialsRequest object with secrets
```
apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: <component-credentials-request>
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
  ...
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
      ...
  secretRef:
    name: <component-secret>
    namespace: <component-namespace>
  ...
```
Sample Secret object
```
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: <component-secret>
  namespace: <component-namespace>
data:
  service_account.json: <base64_encoded_gcp_service_account_file>
```
Important
The release image includes CredentialsRequest objects for Technology Preview features that are enabled by the TechPreviewNoUpgrade feature set. You can identify these objects by their use of the release.openshift.io/feature-set: TechPreviewNoUpgrade annotation.
- If you are not using any of these features, do not create secrets for these objects. Creating secrets for Technology Preview features that you are not using can cause the installation to fail.
- If you are using any of these features, you must create secrets for the corresponding objects.
- To find CredentialsRequest objects with the TechPreviewNoUpgrade annotation, run the following command:
```
$ grep "release.openshift.io/feature-set" *
```
  Example output
```
0000_30_capi-operator_00_credentials-request.yaml:  release.openshift.io/feature-set: TechPreviewNoUpgrade
```
From the directory that contains the installation program, proceed with your cluster creation:
```
$ openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory>
```
Important
Before upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.

Additional resources

3.3. Mint mode

Mint mode is the default Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) credentials mode for OpenShift Container Platform on platforms that support it. In this mode, the CCO uses the provided administrator-level cloud credential to run the cluster. Mint mode is supported for AWS and GCP.

In mint mode, the admin credential is stored in the kube-system namespace and then used by the CCO to process the CredentialsRequest objects in the cluster and create users for each with specific permissions.

The benefits of mint mode include:

Each cluster component has only the permissions it requires
Automatic, on-going reconciliation for cloud credentials, including additional credentials or permissions that might be required for upgrades

One drawback is that mint mode requires admin credential storage in a cluster kube-system secret.

3.4. Mint mode with removal or rotation of the administrator-level credential

Currently, this mode is only supported on AWS and GCP.

In this mode, a user installs OpenShift Container Platform with an administrator-level credential just like the normal mint mode. However, this process removes the administrator-level credential secret from the cluster post-installation.

The administrator can have the Cloud Credential Operator make its own request for a read-only credential that allows it to verify if all CredentialsRequest objects have their required permissions, thus the administrator-level credential is not required unless something needs to be changed. After the associated credential is removed, it can be deleted or deactivated on the underlying cloud, if desired.

Note

Prior to a non z-stream upgrade, you must reinstate the credential secret with the administrator-level credential. If the credential is not present, the upgrade might be blocked.

The administrator-level credential is not stored in the cluster permanently.

Following these steps still requires the administrator-level credential in the cluster for brief periods of time. It also requires manually re-instating the secret with administrator-level credentials for each upgrade.

3.5. Next steps

Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
- Installing a cluster quickly on GCP with default options on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with cloud customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure

Chapter 4. Installing a cluster quickly on GCP

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses the default configuration options.

4.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

4.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

4.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.4. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

4.5. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
When specifying the directory:
- Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
- Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Provide values at the prompts:
1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
  Note
  For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your host, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster. If you provide a name that is longer than 6 characters, only the first 6 characters will be used in the infrastructure ID that is generated from the cluster name.
8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

4.6. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

4.7. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

4.8. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

4.9. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 5. Installing a cluster on GCP with customizations

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a customized cluster on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

5.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

5.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

5.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

5.4. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

5.5. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
  3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
  4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
  5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
  7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.
Note
If you are installing a three-node cluster, be sure to set the compute.replicas parameter to 0. This ensures that cluster’s control planes are schedulable. For more information, see "Installing a three-node cluster on GCP".
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

5.5.1. Installation configuration parameters

Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

5.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 5.1. Required parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `install-config.yaml` content. The current version is `v1`. The installation program may also support older API versions.	String
`baseDomain`	The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the `baseDomain` and `metadata.name` parameter values that uses the `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>` format.	A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as `example.com`.
`metadata`	Kubernetes resource `ObjectMeta`, from which only the `name` parameter is consumed.	Object
`metadata.name`	The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of `{{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}`.	String of lowercase letters, hyphens (`-`), and periods (`.`), such as `dev`.
`platform`	The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: `alibabacloud`, `aws`, `baremetal`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`. For additional information about `platform.<platform>` parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.	Object
`pullSecret`	Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io.	{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } }

5.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters

You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Note

Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.

Table 5.2. Network parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`networking`	The configuration for the cluster network.	Object Note You cannot modify parameters specified by the `networking` object after installation.
`networking.networkType`	The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. `OpenShiftSDN` is a CNI plugin for all-Linux networks. `OVNKubernetes` is a CNI plugin for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is `OVNKubernetes`.
`networking.clusterNetwork`	The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is `10.128.0.0/14` with a host prefix of `/23`. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23
`networking.clusterNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.clusterNetwork`. An IP address block. An IPv4 network.	An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between `0` and `32`.
`networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix`	The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if `hostPrefix` is set to `23` then each node is assigned a `/23` subnet out of the given `cidr`. A `hostPrefix` value of `23` provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.	A subnet prefix. The default value is `23`.
`networking.serviceNetwork`	The IP address block for services. The default value is `172.30.0.0/16`. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.	An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork`	The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.machineNetwork`. An IP address block. The default value is `10.0.0.0/16` for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is `192.168.126.0/24`. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is `192.168.0.0/24`.	An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example, `10.0.0.0/16`. Note Set the `networking.machineNetwork` to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

5.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 5.3. Optional parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`additionalTrustBundle`	A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.	String
`capabilities`	Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.	String array
`capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet`	Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are `None`, `v4.11`, `v4.12` and `vCurrent`. The default value is `vCurrent`.	String
`capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities`	Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in `baselineCapabilitySet`. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.	String array
`cpuPartitioningMode`	Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OpenShift Container Platform services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.	`None` or `AllNodes`. `None` is the default value.
`compute`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`compute.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
compute: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`compute.name`	Required if you use `compute`. The name of the machine pool.	`worker`
`compute.platform`	Required if you use `compute`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the `controlPlane.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`compute.replicas`	The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.	A positive integer greater than or equal to `2`. The default value is `3`.
`featureSet`	Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".	String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as `TechPreviewNoUpgrade`.
`controlPlane`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`controlPlane.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
controlPlane: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`controlPlane.name`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. The name of the machine pool.	`master`
`controlPlane.platform`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the `compute.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`controlPlane.replicas`	The number of control plane machines to provision.	The only supported value is `3`, which is the default value.
`credentialsMode`	The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), `credentialsMode` must be set to `Passthrough` or `Manual`. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the `credentialsMode` parameter to `Mint`, `Passthrough` or `Manual`.	`Mint`, `Passthrough`, `Manual` or an empty string (`""`).
`imageContentSources`	Sources and repositories for the release-image content.	Array of objects. Includes a `source` and, optionally, `mirrors`, as described in the following rows of this table.
`imageContentSources.source`	Required if you use `imageContentSources`. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.	String
`imageContentSources.mirrors`	Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.	Array of strings
`publish`	How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.	`Internal` or `External`. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set `publish` to `Internal`. The default value is `External`.
`sshKey`	The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your `ssh-agent` process uses.	For example, `sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA..`.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.
Note
If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual.
Important
Setting this parameter to Manual enables alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project, which require additional configuration steps. For more information, see "Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project".

5.5.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters

Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 5.4. Additional GCP parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`platform.gcp.network`	The name of the existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) where you want to deploy your cluster. If you want to deploy your cluster into a shared VPC, you must set `platform.gcp.networkProjectID` with the name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC.	String.
`platform.gcp.networkProjectID`	Optional. The name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC where you want to deploy your cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.projectID`	The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.region`	The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster.	Any valid region name, such as `us-central1`.
`platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your control plane machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.computeSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your compute machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.licenses`	A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important The `licenses` parameter is a deprecated field and nested virtualization is enabled by default. It is not recommended to use this field.	Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installation program to copy the source image before use.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB).	Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type. The control plane nodes must be the `pd-ssd` disk type. Compute nodes can be either type.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane and compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `network-tag1`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane and compute machines.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	The name of the Key Management Service (KMS) key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	The GCP location in which the KMS key ring exists.	The GCP location.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	The ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the value of the `platform.gcp.projectID` parameter if it is not set.	The GCP project ID.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane and compute machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for all machines in the cluster. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.confidentialCompute`	Whether to use Confidential VMs for all machines in the cluster. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data during processing. For more information on Confidential computing, see Google’s documentation on Confidential computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of all VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to control plane machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for control plane machines.	Control plane machines must use the `pd-ssd` disk type, which is the default.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use `controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for control plane machines.	One or more strings, for example `control-plane-tag1`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for control plane machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for control plane machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of control plane VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for compute machines. If this value is not set, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to compute machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for compute machines.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use `compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`compute.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `compute-network-tag1`.
`compute.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`compute.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`compute.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for compute machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for compute machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of compute VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.

5.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 5.5. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

As of OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, RHCOS is based on RHEL version 9.2, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. The following list contains the minimum instruction set architectures (ISA) that each architecture requires:

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

5.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 5.1. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

5.5.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.

Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type

compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 2
controlPlane:
  architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 3

5.5.5. Enabling Shielded VMs

You can use Shielded VMs when installing your cluster. Shielded VMs have extra security features including secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit detection. For more information, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

5.5.6. Enabling Confidential VMs

You can use Confidential VMs when installing your cluster. Confidential VMs encrypt data while it is being processed. For more information, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing. You can enable Confidential VMs and Shielded VMs at the same time, although they are not dependent on each other.

Important

Confidential Computing is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Due to a known issue in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13.3 and earlier versions, you cannot use persistent volume storage on a cluster with Confidential VMs on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). This issue was resolved in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13.4. For more information, see OCPBUGS-11768.

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

5.5.7. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 1
controlPlane: 2 3
  hyperthreading: Enabled 4
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-ssd
        diskSizeGB: 1024
        encryptionKey: 5
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 6
      - control-plane-tag1
      - control-plane-tag2
      osImage: 7
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
compute: 8 9
- hyperthreading: Enabled 10
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-standard
        diskSizeGB: 128
        encryptionKey: 11
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 12
        - compute-tag1
        - compute-tag2
      osImage: 13
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster 14
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 15
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  gcp:
    projectID: openshift-production 16
    region: us-central1 17
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 18
      - global-tag1
      - global-tag2
      osImage: 19
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 20
fips: false 21
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 22

1 14 16 17 20: Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2 8: If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
3 9: The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
4 10: Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important
If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.
5 11: Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.com pattern. For more information about granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management" → "Creating compute machine sets" → "Creating a compute machine set on GCP".
6 12 18: Optional: A set of network tags to apply to the control plane or compute machine sets. The platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter will apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the compute.platform.gcp.tags or controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags parameters are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter.
7 13 19: Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The project and name parameters under platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the project and name parameters under controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage or compute.platform.gcp.osImage are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage parameters.
15: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are OVNKubernetes and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
21: Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled.
Important
OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2. RHEL 9.2 cryptographic modules have not yet been submitted for FIPS validation. For more information, see "About this release" in the 4.13 OpenShift Container Platform Release Notes.
22: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Additional resources

Enabling customer-managed encryption keys for a compute machine set

5.5.8. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

5.6. Using the GCP Marketplace offering

Using the GCP Marketplace offering lets you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, which is billed on pay-per-use basis (hourly, per core) through GCP, while still being supported directly by Red Hat.

By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to deploy compute machines. To deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an RHCOS image from the GCP Marketplace, override the default behavior by modifying the install-config.yaml file to reference the location of GCP Marketplace offer.

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Edit the compute.platform.gcp.osImage parameters to specify the location of the GCP Marketplace image:
- Set the project parameter to redhat-marketplace-public.
- Set the name parameter to one of the following offerings:
  OpenShift Container Platform
  redhat-coreos-ocp-413-x86-64-202305021736
  OpenShift Platform Plus
  redhat-coreos-opp-413-x86-64-202305021736
  OpenShift Kubernetes Engine
  redhat-coreos-oke-413-x86-64-202305021736
Save the file and reference it when deploying the cluster.

Sample install-config.yaml file that specifies a GCP Marketplace image for compute machines

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
controlPlane:
# ...
compute:
  platform:
    gcp:
      osImage:
        project: redhat-marketplace-public
        name: redhat-coreos-ocp-413-x86-64-202305021736
# ...

5.7. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

5.8. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

5.9. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

5.10. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

5.11. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 6. Installing a cluster on GCP with network customizations

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster with a customized network configuration on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). By customizing your network configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation, and you can modify only kubeProxy configuration parameters in a running cluster.

6.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

6.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

6.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

6.4. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

6.5. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
  3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
  4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
  5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
  7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

6.5.1. Installation configuration parameters

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

6.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 6.1. Required parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `install-config.yaml` content. The current version is `v1`. The installation program may also support older API versions.	String
`baseDomain`	The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the `baseDomain` and `metadata.name` parameter values that uses the `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>` format.	A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as `example.com`.
`metadata`	Kubernetes resource `ObjectMeta`, from which only the `name` parameter is consumed.	Object
`metadata.name`	The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of `{{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}`.	String of lowercase letters, hyphens (`-`), and periods (`.`), such as `dev`.
`platform`	The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: `alibabacloud`, `aws`, `baremetal`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`. For additional information about `platform.<platform>` parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.	Object
`pullSecret`	Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io.	{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } }

6.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Note

Table 6.2. Network parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`networking`	The configuration for the cluster network.	Object Note You cannot modify parameters specified by the `networking` object after installation.
`networking.networkType`	The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. `OpenShiftSDN` is a CNI plugin for all-Linux networks. `OVNKubernetes` is a CNI plugin for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is `OVNKubernetes`.
`networking.clusterNetwork`	The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is `10.128.0.0/14` with a host prefix of `/23`. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23
`networking.clusterNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.clusterNetwork`. An IP address block. An IPv4 network.	An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between `0` and `32`.
`networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix`	The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if `hostPrefix` is set to `23` then each node is assigned a `/23` subnet out of the given `cidr`. A `hostPrefix` value of `23` provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.	A subnet prefix. The default value is `23`.
`networking.serviceNetwork`	The IP address block for services. The default value is `172.30.0.0/16`. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.	An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork`	The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.machineNetwork`. An IP address block. The default value is `10.0.0.0/16` for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is `192.168.126.0/24`. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is `192.168.0.0/24`.	An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example, `10.0.0.0/16`. Note Set the `networking.machineNetwork` to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

6.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 6.3. Optional parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`additionalTrustBundle`	A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.	String
`capabilities`	Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.	String array
`capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet`	Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are `None`, `v4.11`, `v4.12` and `vCurrent`. The default value is `vCurrent`.	String
`capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities`	Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in `baselineCapabilitySet`. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.	String array
`cpuPartitioningMode`	Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OpenShift Container Platform services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.	`None` or `AllNodes`. `None` is the default value.
`compute`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`compute.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
compute: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`compute.name`	Required if you use `compute`. The name of the machine pool.	`worker`
`compute.platform`	Required if you use `compute`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the `controlPlane.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`compute.replicas`	The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.	A positive integer greater than or equal to `2`. The default value is `3`.
`featureSet`	Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".	String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as `TechPreviewNoUpgrade`.
`controlPlane`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`controlPlane.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
controlPlane: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`controlPlane.name`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. The name of the machine pool.	`master`
`controlPlane.platform`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the `compute.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`controlPlane.replicas`	The number of control plane machines to provision.	The only supported value is `3`, which is the default value.
`credentialsMode`	The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), `credentialsMode` must be set to `Passthrough` or `Manual`. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the `credentialsMode` parameter to `Mint`, `Passthrough` or `Manual`.	`Mint`, `Passthrough`, `Manual` or an empty string (`""`).
`imageContentSources`	Sources and repositories for the release-image content.	Array of objects. Includes a `source` and, optionally, `mirrors`, as described in the following rows of this table.
`imageContentSources.source`	Required if you use `imageContentSources`. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.	String
`imageContentSources.mirrors`	Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.	Array of strings
`publish`	How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.	`Internal` or `External`. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set `publish` to `Internal`. The default value is `External`.
`sshKey`	The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your `ssh-agent` process uses.	For example, `sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA..`.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.
Note
If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual.
Important
Setting this parameter to Manual enables alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project, which require additional configuration steps. For more information, see "Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project".

6.5.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters

Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 6.4. Additional GCP parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`platform.gcp.network`	The name of the existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) where you want to deploy your cluster. If you want to deploy your cluster into a shared VPC, you must set `platform.gcp.networkProjectID` with the name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC.	String.
`platform.gcp.networkProjectID`	Optional. The name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC where you want to deploy your cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.projectID`	The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.region`	The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster.	Any valid region name, such as `us-central1`.
`platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your control plane machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.computeSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your compute machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.licenses`	A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important The `licenses` parameter is a deprecated field and nested virtualization is enabled by default. It is not recommended to use this field.	Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installation program to copy the source image before use.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB).	Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type. The control plane nodes must be the `pd-ssd` disk type. Compute nodes can be either type.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane and compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `network-tag1`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane and compute machines.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	The name of the Key Management Service (KMS) key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	The GCP location in which the KMS key ring exists.	The GCP location.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	The ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the value of the `platform.gcp.projectID` parameter if it is not set.	The GCP project ID.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane and compute machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for all machines in the cluster. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.confidentialCompute`	Whether to use Confidential VMs for all machines in the cluster. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data during processing. For more information on Confidential computing, see Google’s documentation on Confidential computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of all VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to control plane machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for control plane machines.	Control plane machines must use the `pd-ssd` disk type, which is the default.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use `controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for control plane machines.	One or more strings, for example `control-plane-tag1`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for control plane machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for control plane machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of control plane VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for compute machines. If this value is not set, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to compute machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for compute machines.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use `compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`compute.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `compute-network-tag1`.
`compute.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`compute.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`compute.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for compute machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for compute machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of compute VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.

6.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 6.5. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

6.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 6.1. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

6.5.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.

Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type

compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 2
controlPlane:
  architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 3

6.5.5. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

6.5.6. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

6.5.7. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 1
controlPlane: 2 3
  hyperthreading: Enabled 4
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-ssd
        diskSizeGB: 1024
        encryptionKey: 5
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 6
      - control-plane-tag1
      - control-plane-tag2
      osImage: 7
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
compute: 8 9
- hyperthreading: Enabled 10
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-standard
        diskSizeGB: 128
        encryptionKey: 11
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 12
        - compute-tag1
        - compute-tag2
      osImage: 13
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster 14
networking: 15
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 16
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  gcp:
    projectID: openshift-production 17
    region: us-central1 18
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 19
      - global-tag1
      - global-tag2
      osImage: 20
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 21
fips: false 22
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 23

1 14 17 18 21: Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2 8 15: If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
3 9: The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
4 10: Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important
If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.
5 11: Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.com pattern. For more information about granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management" → "Creating compute machine sets" → "Creating a compute machine set on GCP".
6 12 19: Optional: A set of network tags to apply to the control plane or compute machine sets. The platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter will apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the compute.platform.gcp.tags or controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags parameters are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter.
7 13 20: Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The project and name parameters under platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the project and name parameters under controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage or compute.platform.gcp.osImage are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage parameters.
16: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are OVNKubernetes and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
22: Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled.
Important
OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2. RHEL 9.2 cryptographic modules have not yet been submitted for FIPS validation. For more information, see "About this release" in the 4.13 OpenShift Container Platform Release Notes.
23: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Additional resources

Enabling customer-managed encryption keys for a compute machine set

6.5.8. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

6.6. Network configuration phases

There are two phases prior to OpenShift Container Platform installation where you can customize the network configuration.

Phase 1

You can customize the following network-related fields in the install-config.yaml file before you create the manifest files:

networking.networkType
networking.clusterNetwork
networking.serviceNetwork
networking.machineNetwork
For more information on these fields, refer to Installation configuration parameters.
Note
Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.
Important
The CIDR range 172.17.0.0/16 is reserved by libVirt. You cannot use this range or any range that overlaps with this range for any networks in your cluster.

Phase 2

After creating the manifest files by running openshift-install create manifests, you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify. You can use the manifest to specify advanced network configuration.

You cannot override the values specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml file during phase 2. However, you can further customize the network plugin during phase 2.

6.7. Specifying advanced network configuration

You can use advanced network configuration for your network plugin to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment. You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.

Important

Customizing your network configuration by modifying the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported.

Prerequisites

You have created the install-config.yaml file and completed any modifications to it.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
<installation_directory> specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:
```
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
```

Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the cluster-network-03-config.yml file, such as in the following examples:

Specify a different VXLAN port for the OpenShift SDN network provider

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    openshiftSDNConfig:
      vxlanPort: 4800

Enable IPsec for the OVN-Kubernetes network provider

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    ovnKubernetesConfig:
      ipsecConfig: {}

Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program consumes the manifests/ directory when you create the Ignition config files.

6.8. Cluster Network Operator configuration

The configuration for the cluster network is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration and stored in a custom resource (CR) object that is named cluster. The CR specifies the fields for the Network API in the operator.openshift.io API group.

The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network API in the Network.config.openshift.io API group and these fields cannot be changed:

clusterNetwork: IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.
serviceNetwork: IP address pool for services.
defaultNetwork.type: Cluster network plugin, such as OpenShift SDN or OVN-Kubernetes.

You can specify the cluster network plugin configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork object in the CNO object named cluster.

6.8.1. Cluster Network Operator configuration object

The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:

Table 6.6. Cluster Network Operator configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`metadata.name`	`string`	The name of the CNO object. This name is always `cluster`.
`spec.clusterNetwork`	`array`	A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example: spec: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/19 hostPrefix: 23 - cidr: 10.128.32.0/19 hostPrefix: 23 You can customize this field only in the `install-config.yaml` file before you create the manifests. The value is read-only in the manifest file.
`spec.serviceNetwork`	`array`	A block of IP addresses for services. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network. For example: spec: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/14 You can customize this field only in the `install-config.yaml` file before you create the manifests. The value is read-only in the manifest file.
`spec.defaultNetwork`	`object`	Configures the network plugin for the cluster network.
`spec.kubeProxyConfig`	`object`	The fields for this object specify the kube-proxy configuration. If you are using the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network plugin, the kube-proxy configuration has no effect.

defaultNetwork object configuration

The values for the defaultNetwork object are defined in the following table:

Table 6.7. defaultNetwork object
Field	Type	Description
`type`	`string`	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin is selected during installation. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation. Note OpenShift Container Platform uses the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin by default.
`openshiftSDNConfig`	`object`	This object is only valid for the OpenShift SDN network plugin.
`ovnKubernetesConfig`	`object`	This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin.

Configuration for the OpenShift SDN network plugin

The following table describes the configuration fields for the OpenShift SDN network plugin:

Table 6.8. openshiftSDNConfig object
Field	Type	Description
`mode`	`string`	Configures the network isolation mode for OpenShift SDN. The default value is `NetworkPolicy`. The values `Multitenant` and `Subnet` are available for backwards compatibility with OpenShift Container Platform 3.x but are not recommended. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.
`mtu`	`integer`	The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the VXLAN overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes. If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to `50` less than the lowest MTU value in your cluster. For example, if some nodes in your cluster have an MTU of `9001`, and some have an MTU of `1500`, you must set this value to `1450`. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.
`vxlanPort`	`integer`	The port to use for all VXLAN packets. The default value is `4789`. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation. If you are running in a virtualized environment with existing nodes that are part of another VXLAN network, then you might be required to change this. For example, when running an OpenShift SDN overlay on top of VMware NSX-T, you must select an alternate port for the VXLAN, because both SDNs use the same default VXLAN port number. On Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can select an alternate port for the VXLAN between port `9000` and port `9999`.

Example OpenShift SDN configuration

defaultNetwork:
  type: OpenShiftSDN
  openshiftSDNConfig:
    mode: NetworkPolicy
    mtu: 1450
    vxlanPort: 4789

Configuration for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin

The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin:

Table 6.9. ovnKubernetesConfig object
Field	Type	Description
`mtu`	`integer`	The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes. If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to `100` less than the lowest MTU value in your cluster. For example, if some nodes in your cluster have an MTU of `9001`, and some have an MTU of `1500`, you must set this value to `1400`.
`genevePort`	`integer`	The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is `6081`. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.
`ipsecConfig`	`object`	Specify an empty object to enable IPsec encryption.
`policyAuditConfig`	`object`	Specify a configuration object for customizing network policy audit logging. If unset, the defaults audit log settings are used.
`gatewayConfig`	`object`	Optional: Specify a configuration object for customizing how egress traffic is sent to the node gateway. Note While migrating egress traffic, you can expect some disruption to workloads and service traffic until the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) successfully rolls out the changes.
`v4InternalSubnet`	If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the `100.64.0.0/16` IPv4 subnet, you can specify a different IP address range for internal use by OVN-Kubernetes. You must ensure that the IP address range does not overlap with any other subnet used by your OpenShift Container Platform installation. The IP address range must be larger than the maximum number of nodes that can be added to the cluster. For example, if the `clusterNetwork.cidr` value is `10.128.0.0/14` and the `clusterNetwork.hostPrefix` value is `/23`, then the maximum number of nodes is `2^(23-14)=512`. This field cannot be changed after installation.	The default value is `100.64.0.0/16`.
`v6InternalSubnet`	If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the `fd98::/48` IPv6 subnet, you can specify a different IP address range for internal use by OVN-Kubernetes. You must ensure that the IP address range does not overlap with any other subnet used by your OpenShift Container Platform installation. The IP address range must be larger than the maximum number of nodes that can be added to the cluster. This field cannot be changed after installation.	The default value is `fd98::/48`.

Table 6.10. policyAuditConfig object
Field	Type	Description
`rateLimit`	integer	The maximum number of messages to generate every second per node. The default value is `20` messages per second.
`maxFileSize`	integer	The maximum size for the audit log in bytes. The default value is `50000000` or 50 MB.
`maxLogFiles`	integer	The maximum number of log files that are retained.
`destination`	string	One of the following additional audit log targets: `libc` The libc `syslog()` function of the journald process on the host. `udp:<host>:<port>` A syslog server. Replace `<host>:<port>` with the host and port of the syslog server. `unix:<file>` A Unix Domain Socket file specified by `<file>`. `null` Do not send the audit logs to any additional target.
`syslogFacility`	string	The syslog facility, such as `kern`, as defined by RFC5424. The default value is `local0`.

Table 6.11. gatewayConfig object
Field	Type	Description
`routingViaHost`	`boolean`	Set this field to `true` to send egress traffic from pods to the host networking stack. For highly-specialized installations and applications that rely on manually configured routes in the kernel routing table, you might want to route egress traffic to the host networking stack. By default, egress traffic is processed in OVN to exit the cluster and is not affected by specialized routes in the kernel routing table. The default value is `false`. This field has an interaction with the Open vSwitch hardware offloading feature. If you set this field to `true`, you do not receive the performance benefits of the offloading because egress traffic is processed by the host networking stack.

Example OVN-Kubernetes configuration with IPSec enabled

defaultNetwork:
  type: OVNKubernetes
  ovnKubernetesConfig:
    mtu: 1400
    genevePort: 6081
    ipsecConfig: {}

kubeProxyConfig object configuration

The values for the kubeProxyConfig object are defined in the following table:

Table 6.12. kubeProxyConfig object
Field	Type	Description
`iptablesSyncPeriod`	`string`	The refresh period for `iptables` rules. The default value is `30s`. Valid suffixes include `s`, `m`, and `h` and are described in the Go `time` package documentation. Note Because of performance improvements introduced in OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 and greater, adjusting the `iptablesSyncPeriod` parameter is no longer necessary.
`proxyArguments.iptables-min-sync-period`	`array`	The minimum duration before refreshing `iptables` rules. This field ensures that the refresh does not happen too frequently. Valid suffixes include `s`, `m`, and `h` and are described in the Go `time` package. The default value is: kubeProxyConfig: proxyArguments: iptables-min-sync-period: - 0s

6.9. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

6.10. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

6.11. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

6.12. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

6.13. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 7. Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content on an existing Google Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Important

You can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using mirrored installation release content, but your cluster will require internet access to use the GCP APIs.

7.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
You mirrored the images for a disconnected installation to your registry and obtained the imageContentSources data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.
Important
Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
You have an existing VPC in GCP. While installing a cluster in a restricted network that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, you cannot use the installer-provisioned VPC. You must use a user-provisioned VPC that satisfies one of the following requirements:
- Contains the mirror registry
- Has firewall rules or a peering connection to access the mirror registry hosted elsewhere
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to. While you might need to grant access to more sites, you must grant access to *.googleapis.com and accounts.google.com.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

7.2. About installations in restricted networks

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.

If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware, Nutanix, or on VMware vSphere.

To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift image registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.

7.2.1. Additional limits

Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:

The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error.
By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.

7.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

7.4. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

7.5. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
Have the imageContentSources values that were generated during mirror registry creation.
Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
  3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
  4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
  5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
  7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Edit the install-config.yaml file to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.
1. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry:
```
pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
```
  For <mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.
2. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value.
```
additionalTrustBundle: |
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
```
  The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
3. Define the network and subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in under the parent platform.gcp field:
```
network: <existing_vpc>
controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet>
computeSubnet: <compute_subnet>
```
  For platform.gcp.network, specify the name for the existing Google VPC. For platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet and platform.gcp.computeSubnet, specify the existing subnets to deploy the control plane machines and compute machines, respectively.
4. Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:
```
imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
```
  For these values, use the imageContentSources that you recorded during mirror registry creation.
Make any other modifications to the install-config.yaml file that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

7.5.1. Installation configuration parameters

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

7.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 7.1. Required parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `install-config.yaml` content. The current version is `v1`. The installation program may also support older API versions.	String
`baseDomain`	The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the `baseDomain` and `metadata.name` parameter values that uses the `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>` format.	A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as `example.com`.
`metadata`	Kubernetes resource `ObjectMeta`, from which only the `name` parameter is consumed.	Object
`metadata.name`	The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of `{{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}`.	String of lowercase letters, hyphens (`-`), and periods (`.`), such as `dev`.
`platform`	The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: `alibabacloud`, `aws`, `baremetal`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`. For additional information about `platform.<platform>` parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.	Object
`pullSecret`	Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io.	{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } }

7.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Note

Table 7.2. Network parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`networking`	The configuration for the cluster network.	Object Note You cannot modify parameters specified by the `networking` object after installation.
`networking.networkType`	The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. `OpenShiftSDN` is a CNI plugin for all-Linux networks. `OVNKubernetes` is a CNI plugin for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is `OVNKubernetes`.
`networking.clusterNetwork`	The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is `10.128.0.0/14` with a host prefix of `/23`. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23
`networking.clusterNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.clusterNetwork`. An IP address block. An IPv4 network.	An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between `0` and `32`.
`networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix`	The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if `hostPrefix` is set to `23` then each node is assigned a `/23` subnet out of the given `cidr`. A `hostPrefix` value of `23` provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.	A subnet prefix. The default value is `23`.
`networking.serviceNetwork`	The IP address block for services. The default value is `172.30.0.0/16`. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.	An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork`	The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.machineNetwork`. An IP address block. The default value is `10.0.0.0/16` for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is `192.168.126.0/24`. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is `192.168.0.0/24`.	An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example, `10.0.0.0/16`. Note Set the `networking.machineNetwork` to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

7.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 7.3. Optional parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`additionalTrustBundle`	A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.	String
`capabilities`	Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.	String array
`capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet`	Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are `None`, `v4.11`, `v4.12` and `vCurrent`. The default value is `vCurrent`.	String
`capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities`	Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in `baselineCapabilitySet`. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.	String array
`cpuPartitioningMode`	Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OpenShift Container Platform services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.	`None` or `AllNodes`. `None` is the default value.
`compute`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`compute.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
compute: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`compute.name`	Required if you use `compute`. The name of the machine pool.	`worker`
`compute.platform`	Required if you use `compute`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the `controlPlane.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`compute.replicas`	The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.	A positive integer greater than or equal to `2`. The default value is `3`.
`featureSet`	Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".	String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as `TechPreviewNoUpgrade`.
`controlPlane`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`controlPlane.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
controlPlane: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`controlPlane.name`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. The name of the machine pool.	`master`
`controlPlane.platform`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the `compute.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`controlPlane.replicas`	The number of control plane machines to provision.	The only supported value is `3`, which is the default value.
`credentialsMode`	The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), `credentialsMode` must be set to `Passthrough` or `Manual`. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the `credentialsMode` parameter to `Mint`, `Passthrough` or `Manual`.	`Mint`, `Passthrough`, `Manual` or an empty string (`""`).
`imageContentSources`	Sources and repositories for the release-image content.	Array of objects. Includes a `source` and, optionally, `mirrors`, as described in the following rows of this table.
`imageContentSources.source`	Required if you use `imageContentSources`. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.	String
`imageContentSources.mirrors`	Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.	Array of strings
`publish`	How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.	`Internal` or `External`. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set `publish` to `Internal`. The default value is `External`.
`sshKey`	The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your `ssh-agent` process uses.	For example, `sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA..`.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.
Note
If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual.
Important
Setting this parameter to Manual enables alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project, which require additional configuration steps. For more information, see "Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project".

7.5.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters

Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 7.4. Additional GCP parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`platform.gcp.network`	The name of the existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) where you want to deploy your cluster. If you want to deploy your cluster into a shared VPC, you must set `platform.gcp.networkProjectID` with the name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC.	String.
`platform.gcp.networkProjectID`	Optional. The name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC where you want to deploy your cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.projectID`	The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.region`	The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster.	Any valid region name, such as `us-central1`.
`platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your control plane machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.computeSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your compute machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.licenses`	A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important The `licenses` parameter is a deprecated field and nested virtualization is enabled by default. It is not recommended to use this field.	Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installation program to copy the source image before use.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB).	Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type. The control plane nodes must be the `pd-ssd` disk type. Compute nodes can be either type.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane and compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `network-tag1`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane and compute machines.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	The name of the Key Management Service (KMS) key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	The GCP location in which the KMS key ring exists.	The GCP location.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	The ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the value of the `platform.gcp.projectID` parameter if it is not set.	The GCP project ID.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane and compute machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for all machines in the cluster. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.confidentialCompute`	Whether to use Confidential VMs for all machines in the cluster. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data during processing. For more information on Confidential computing, see Google’s documentation on Confidential computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of all VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to control plane machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for control plane machines.	Control plane machines must use the `pd-ssd` disk type, which is the default.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use `controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for control plane machines.	One or more strings, for example `control-plane-tag1`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for control plane machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for control plane machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of control plane VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for compute machines. If this value is not set, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to compute machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for compute machines.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use `compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`compute.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `compute-network-tag1`.
`compute.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`compute.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`compute.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for compute machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for compute machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of compute VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.

7.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 7.5. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

7.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 7.1. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

7.5.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.

Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type

compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 2
controlPlane:
  architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 3

7.5.5. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

7.5.6. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

7.5.7. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 1
controlPlane: 2 3
  hyperthreading: Enabled 4
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-ssd
        diskSizeGB: 1024
        encryptionKey: 5
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 6
      - control-plane-tag1
      - control-plane-tag2
      osImage: 7
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
compute: 8 9
- hyperthreading: Enabled 10
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-standard
        diskSizeGB: 128
        encryptionKey: 11
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 12
        - compute-tag1
        - compute-tag2
      osImage: 13
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster 14
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 15
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  gcp:
    projectID: openshift-production 16
    region: us-central1 17
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 18
      - global-tag1
      - global-tag2
      osImage: 19
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
    network: existing_vpc 20
    controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 21
    computeSubnet: compute_subnet 22
pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}' 23
fips: false 24
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 25
additionalTrustBundle: | 26
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
imageContentSources: 27
- mirrors:
  - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev

1 14 16 17: Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2 8: If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
3 9: The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
4 10: Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important
If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.
5 11: Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.com pattern. For more information about granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management" → "Creating compute machine sets" → "Creating a compute machine set on GCP".
6 12 18: Optional: A set of network tags to apply to the control plane or compute machine sets. The platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter will apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the compute.platform.gcp.tags or controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags parameters are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter.
7 13 19: Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The project and name parameters under platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the project and name parameters under controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage or compute.platform.gcp.osImage are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage parameters.
15: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are OVNKubernetes and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
20: Specify the name of an existing VPC.
21: Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the control plane machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
22: Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the compute machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
23: For <local_registry>, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example, registry.example.com or registry.example.com:5000. For <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.
24: Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled.
Important
OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2. RHEL 9.2 cryptographic modules have not yet been submitted for FIPS validation. For more information, see "About this release" in the 4.13 OpenShift Container Platform Release Notes.
25: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
26: Provide the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry.
27: Provide the imageContentSources section from the output of the command to mirror the repository.

7.5.8. Create an Ingress Controller with global access on GCP

You can create an Ingress Controller that has global access to a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cluster. Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.

Prerequisites

You created the install-config.yaml and complete any modifications to it.

Procedure

Create an Ingress Controller with global access on a new GCP cluster.

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create a manifest file:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.
Create a file that is named cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:
```
$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the manifests/ directory, as shown:
```
$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
```
Example output
```
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
```

Open the cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:

Sample clientAccess configuration to Global

  apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
  kind: IngressController
  metadata:
    name: default
    namespace: openshift-ingress-operator
  spec:
    endpointPublishingStrategy:
      loadBalancer:
        providerParameters:
          gcp:
            clientAccess: Global 1
          type: GCP
        scope: Internal          2
      type: LoadBalancerService

1: Set gcp.clientAccess to Global.
2: Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.

7.5.9. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

7.6. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

7.7. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

7.8. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

7.9. Disabling the default OperatorHub catalog sources

Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.

Procedure

Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding disableAllDefaultSources: true to the OperatorHub object:

$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \
    -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'

Tip

Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration → Cluster Settings → Configuration → OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, update, delete, disable, and enable individual sources.

7.10. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

7.11. Next steps

Validate an installation.
Customize your cluster.
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the must-gather tool.
Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks.
If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
If necessary, see Registering your disconnected cluster

Chapter 8. Installing a cluster on GCP into an existing VPC

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster into an existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

8.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

8.2. About using a custom VPC

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing GCP VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option. You must configure networking for the subnets.

8.2.1. Requirements for using your VPC

The union of the VPC CIDR block and the machine network CIDR must be non-empty. The subnets must be within the machine network.

The installation program does not create the following components:

NAT gateways
Subnets
Route tables
VPC network

Note

The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.

8.2.2. VPC validation

To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

All the subnets that you specify exist.
You provide one subnet for control-plane machines and one subnet for compute machines.
The subnet’s CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.

8.2.3. Division of permissions

Some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.

8.2.4. Isolation between clusters

If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:

You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
ICMP ingress is allowed to the entire network.
TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.

8.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

8.4. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

8.5. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

8.6. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
  3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
  4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
  5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
  7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

8.6.1. Installation configuration parameters

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

8.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 8.1. Required parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `install-config.yaml` content. The current version is `v1`. The installation program may also support older API versions.	String
`baseDomain`	The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the `baseDomain` and `metadata.name` parameter values that uses the `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>` format.	A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as `example.com`.
`metadata`	Kubernetes resource `ObjectMeta`, from which only the `name` parameter is consumed.	Object
`metadata.name`	The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of `{{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}`.	String of lowercase letters, hyphens (`-`), and periods (`.`), such as `dev`.
`platform`	The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: `alibabacloud`, `aws`, `baremetal`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`. For additional information about `platform.<platform>` parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.	Object
`pullSecret`	Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io.	{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } }

8.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Note

Table 8.2. Network parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`networking`	The configuration for the cluster network.	Object Note You cannot modify parameters specified by the `networking` object after installation.
`networking.networkType`	The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. `OpenShiftSDN` is a CNI plugin for all-Linux networks. `OVNKubernetes` is a CNI plugin for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is `OVNKubernetes`.
`networking.clusterNetwork`	The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is `10.128.0.0/14` with a host prefix of `/23`. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23
`networking.clusterNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.clusterNetwork`. An IP address block. An IPv4 network.	An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between `0` and `32`.
`networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix`	The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if `hostPrefix` is set to `23` then each node is assigned a `/23` subnet out of the given `cidr`. A `hostPrefix` value of `23` provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.	A subnet prefix. The default value is `23`.
`networking.serviceNetwork`	The IP address block for services. The default value is `172.30.0.0/16`. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.	An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork`	The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.machineNetwork`. An IP address block. The default value is `10.0.0.0/16` for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is `192.168.126.0/24`. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is `192.168.0.0/24`.	An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example, `10.0.0.0/16`. Note Set the `networking.machineNetwork` to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

8.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 8.3. Optional parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`additionalTrustBundle`	A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.	String
`capabilities`	Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.	String array
`capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet`	Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are `None`, `v4.11`, `v4.12` and `vCurrent`. The default value is `vCurrent`.	String
`capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities`	Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in `baselineCapabilitySet`. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.	String array
`cpuPartitioningMode`	Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OpenShift Container Platform services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.	`None` or `AllNodes`. `None` is the default value.
`compute`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`compute.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
compute: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`compute.name`	Required if you use `compute`. The name of the machine pool.	`worker`
`compute.platform`	Required if you use `compute`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the `controlPlane.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`compute.replicas`	The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.	A positive integer greater than or equal to `2`. The default value is `3`.
`featureSet`	Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".	String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as `TechPreviewNoUpgrade`.
`controlPlane`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`controlPlane.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
controlPlane: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`controlPlane.name`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. The name of the machine pool.	`master`
`controlPlane.platform`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the `compute.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`controlPlane.replicas`	The number of control plane machines to provision.	The only supported value is `3`, which is the default value.
`credentialsMode`	The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), `credentialsMode` must be set to `Passthrough` or `Manual`. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the `credentialsMode` parameter to `Mint`, `Passthrough` or `Manual`.	`Mint`, `Passthrough`, `Manual` or an empty string (`""`).
`imageContentSources`	Sources and repositories for the release-image content.	Array of objects. Includes a `source` and, optionally, `mirrors`, as described in the following rows of this table.
`imageContentSources.source`	Required if you use `imageContentSources`. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.	String
`imageContentSources.mirrors`	Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.	Array of strings
`publish`	How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.	`Internal` or `External`. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set `publish` to `Internal`. The default value is `External`.
`sshKey`	The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your `ssh-agent` process uses.	For example, `sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA..`.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.
Note
If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual.
Important
Setting this parameter to Manual enables alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project, which require additional configuration steps. For more information, see "Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project".

8.6.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters

Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 8.4. Additional GCP parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`platform.gcp.network`	The name of the existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) where you want to deploy your cluster. If you want to deploy your cluster into a shared VPC, you must set `platform.gcp.networkProjectID` with the name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC.	String.
`platform.gcp.networkProjectID`	Optional. The name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC where you want to deploy your cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.projectID`	The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.region`	The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster.	Any valid region name, such as `us-central1`.
`platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your control plane machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.computeSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your compute machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.licenses`	A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important The `licenses` parameter is a deprecated field and nested virtualization is enabled by default. It is not recommended to use this field.	Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installation program to copy the source image before use.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB).	Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type. The control plane nodes must be the `pd-ssd` disk type. Compute nodes can be either type.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane and compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `network-tag1`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane and compute machines.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	The name of the Key Management Service (KMS) key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	The GCP location in which the KMS key ring exists.	The GCP location.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	The ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the value of the `platform.gcp.projectID` parameter if it is not set.	The GCP project ID.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane and compute machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for all machines in the cluster. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.confidentialCompute`	Whether to use Confidential VMs for all machines in the cluster. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data during processing. For more information on Confidential computing, see Google’s documentation on Confidential computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of all VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to control plane machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for control plane machines.	Control plane machines must use the `pd-ssd` disk type, which is the default.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use `controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for control plane machines.	One or more strings, for example `control-plane-tag1`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for control plane machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for control plane machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of control plane VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for compute machines. If this value is not set, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to compute machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for compute machines.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use `compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`compute.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `compute-network-tag1`.
`compute.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`compute.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`compute.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for compute machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for compute machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of compute VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.

8.6.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 8.5. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

8.6.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 8.1. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

8.6.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.

Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type

compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 2
controlPlane:
  architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 3

8.6.5. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

8.6.6. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

8.6.7. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 1
controlPlane: 2 3
  hyperthreading: Enabled 4
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-ssd
        diskSizeGB: 1024
        encryptionKey: 5
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 6
      - control-plane-tag1
      - control-plane-tag2
      osImage: 7
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
compute: 8 9
- hyperthreading: Enabled 10
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-standard
        diskSizeGB: 128
        encryptionKey: 11
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 12
        - compute-tag1
        - compute-tag2
      osImage: 13
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster 14
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 15
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  gcp:
    projectID: openshift-production 16
    region: us-central1 17
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 18
      - global-tag1
      - global-tag2
      osImage: 19
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
    network: existing_vpc 20
    controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 21
    computeSubnet: compute_subnet 22
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 23
fips: false 24
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 25

1 14 16 17 23: Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2 8: If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
3 9: The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
4 10: Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important
If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.
5 11: Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.com pattern. For more information about granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management" → "Creating compute machine sets" → "Creating a compute machine set on GCP".
6 12 18: Optional: A set of network tags to apply to the control plane or compute machine sets. The platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter will apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the compute.platform.gcp.tags or controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags parameters are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter.
7 13 19: Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The project and name parameters under platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the project and name parameters under controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage or compute.platform.gcp.osImage are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage parameters.
15: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are OVNKubernetes and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
20: Specify the name of an existing VPC.
21: Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the control plane machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
22: Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the compute machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
24: Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled.
Important
OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2. RHEL 9.2 cryptographic modules have not yet been submitted for FIPS validation. For more information, see "About this release" in the 4.13 OpenShift Container Platform Release Notes.
25: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Additional resources

Enabling customer-managed encryption keys for a compute machine set

8.6.8. Create an Ingress Controller with global access on GCP

You can create an Ingress Controller that has global access to a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cluster. Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.

Prerequisites

You created the install-config.yaml and complete any modifications to it.

Procedure

Create an Ingress Controller with global access on a new GCP cluster.

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create a manifest file:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.
Create a file that is named cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:
```
$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the manifests/ directory, as shown:
```
$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
```
Example output
```
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
```

Open the cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:

Sample clientAccess configuration to Global

  apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
  kind: IngressController
  metadata:
    name: default
    namespace: openshift-ingress-operator
  spec:
    endpointPublishingStrategy:
      loadBalancer:
        providerParameters:
          gcp:
            clientAccess: Global 1
          type: GCP
        scope: Internal          2
      type: LoadBalancerService

1: Set gcp.clientAccess to Global.
2: Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.

8.6.9. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

8.7. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

8.8. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

8.9. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

8.10. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

8.11. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 9. Installing a cluster on GCP into a shared VPC

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster into a shared Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). In this installation method, the cluster is configured to use a VPC from a different GCP project. A shared VPC enables an organization to connect resources from multiple projects to a common VPC network. You can communicate within the organization securely and efficiently by using internal IP addresses from that network. For more information about shared VPC, see Shared VPC overview in the GCP documentation.

The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

9.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
You have a GCP host project which contains a shared VPC network.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster. This project, known as the service project, must be attached to the host project. For more information, see Attaching service projects in the GCP documentation.
You have a GCP service account that has the required GCP permissions in both the host and service projects.

9.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

9.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

9.4. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

9.5. Creating the installation files for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) into a shared VPC, you must generate the install-config.yaml file and modify it so that the cluster uses the correct VPC networks, DNS zones, and project names.

9.5.1. Manually creating the installation configuration file

Installing the cluster requires that you manually create the installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:
```
$ mkdir <installation_directory>
```
Important
You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.
Note
You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

9.5.2. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

9.5.3. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

9.5.4. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for shared VPC installation

There are several configuration parameters which are required to install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP using a shared VPC. The following is a sample install-config.yaml file which demonstrates these fields.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must modify this file with the correct values for your environment and cluster.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
credentialsMode: Passthrough 1
metadata:
  name: cluster_name
platform:
  gcp:
    computeSubnet: shared-vpc-subnet-1 2
    controlPlaneSubnet: shared-vpc-subnet-2 3
    network: shared-vpc 4
    networkProjectID: host-project-name 5
    projectID: service-project-name 6
    region: us-east1
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 7
      - global-tag1
controlPlane:
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      tags: 8
      - control-plane-tag1
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
  replicas: 3
compute:
- name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      tags: 9
      - compute-tag1
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
  replicas: 3
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 10

1: credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual. See the "Prerequisites" section for the required GCP permissions that your service account must have.
2: The name of the subnet in the shared VPC for compute machines to use.
3: The name of the subnet in the shared VPC for control plane machines to use.
4: The name of the shared VPC.
5: The name of the host project where the shared VPC exists.
6: The name of the GCP project where you want to install the cluster.
7 8 9: Optional. One or more network tags to apply to compute machines, control plane machines, or all machines.
10: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.

9.5.5. Installation configuration parameters

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

9.5.5.1. Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 9.1. Required parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `install-config.yaml` content. The current version is `v1`. The installation program may also support older API versions.	String
`baseDomain`	The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the `baseDomain` and `metadata.name` parameter values that uses the `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>` format.	A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as `example.com`.
`metadata`	Kubernetes resource `ObjectMeta`, from which only the `name` parameter is consumed.	Object
`metadata.name`	The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of `{{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}`.	String of lowercase letters, hyphens (`-`), and periods (`.`), such as `dev`.
`platform`	The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: `alibabacloud`, `aws`, `baremetal`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`. For additional information about `platform.<platform>` parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.	Object
`pullSecret`	Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io.	{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } }

9.5.5.2. Network configuration parameters

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Note

Table 9.2. Network parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`networking`	The configuration for the cluster network.	Object Note You cannot modify parameters specified by the `networking` object after installation.
`networking.networkType`	The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. `OpenShiftSDN` is a CNI plugin for all-Linux networks. `OVNKubernetes` is a CNI plugin for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is `OVNKubernetes`.
`networking.clusterNetwork`	The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is `10.128.0.0/14` with a host prefix of `/23`. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23
`networking.clusterNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.clusterNetwork`. An IP address block. An IPv4 network.	An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between `0` and `32`.
`networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix`	The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if `hostPrefix` is set to `23` then each node is assigned a `/23` subnet out of the given `cidr`. A `hostPrefix` value of `23` provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.	A subnet prefix. The default value is `23`.
`networking.serviceNetwork`	The IP address block for services. The default value is `172.30.0.0/16`. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.	An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork`	The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.machineNetwork`. An IP address block. The default value is `10.0.0.0/16` for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is `192.168.126.0/24`. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is `192.168.0.0/24`.	An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example, `10.0.0.0/16`. Note Set the `networking.machineNetwork` to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

9.5.5.3. Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 9.3. Optional parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`additionalTrustBundle`	A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.	String
`capabilities`	Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.	String array
`capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet`	Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are `None`, `v4.11`, `v4.12` and `vCurrent`. The default value is `vCurrent`.	String
`capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities`	Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in `baselineCapabilitySet`. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.	String array
`cpuPartitioningMode`	Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OpenShift Container Platform services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.	`None` or `AllNodes`. `None` is the default value.
`compute`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`compute.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
compute: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`compute.name`	Required if you use `compute`. The name of the machine pool.	`worker`
`compute.platform`	Required if you use `compute`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the `controlPlane.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`compute.replicas`	The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.	A positive integer greater than or equal to `2`. The default value is `3`.
`featureSet`	Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".	String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as `TechPreviewNoUpgrade`.
`controlPlane`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`controlPlane.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
controlPlane: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`controlPlane.name`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. The name of the machine pool.	`master`
`controlPlane.platform`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the `compute.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`controlPlane.replicas`	The number of control plane machines to provision.	The only supported value is `3`, which is the default value.
`credentialsMode`	The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), `credentialsMode` must be set to `Passthrough` or `Manual`. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the `credentialsMode` parameter to `Mint`, `Passthrough` or `Manual`.	`Mint`, `Passthrough`, `Manual` or an empty string (`""`).
`imageContentSources`	Sources and repositories for the release-image content.	Array of objects. Includes a `source` and, optionally, `mirrors`, as described in the following rows of this table.
`imageContentSources.source`	Required if you use `imageContentSources`. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.	String
`imageContentSources.mirrors`	Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.	Array of strings
`publish`	How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.	`Internal` or `External`. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set `publish` to `Internal`. The default value is `External`.
`sshKey`	The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your `ssh-agent` process uses.	For example, `sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA..`.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.
Note
If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual.
Important
Setting this parameter to Manual enables alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project, which require additional configuration steps. For more information, see "Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project".

9.5.5.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters

Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 9.4. Additional GCP parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`platform.gcp.network`	The name of the existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) where you want to deploy your cluster. If you want to deploy your cluster into a shared VPC, you must set `platform.gcp.networkProjectID` with the name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC.	String.
`platform.gcp.networkProjectID`	Optional. The name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC where you want to deploy your cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.projectID`	The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.region`	The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster.	Any valid region name, such as `us-central1`.
`platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your control plane machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.computeSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your compute machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.licenses`	A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important The `licenses` parameter is a deprecated field and nested virtualization is enabled by default. It is not recommended to use this field.	Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installation program to copy the source image before use.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB).	Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type. The control plane nodes must be the `pd-ssd` disk type. Compute nodes can be either type.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane and compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `network-tag1`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane and compute machines.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	The name of the Key Management Service (KMS) key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	The GCP location in which the KMS key ring exists.	The GCP location.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	The ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the value of the `platform.gcp.projectID` parameter if it is not set.	The GCP project ID.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane and compute machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for all machines in the cluster. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.confidentialCompute`	Whether to use Confidential VMs for all machines in the cluster. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data during processing. For more information on Confidential computing, see Google’s documentation on Confidential computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of all VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to control plane machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for control plane machines.	Control plane machines must use the `pd-ssd` disk type, which is the default.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use `controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for control plane machines.	One or more strings, for example `control-plane-tag1`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for control plane machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for control plane machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of control plane VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for compute machines. If this value is not set, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to compute machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for compute machines.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use `compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`compute.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `compute-network-tag1`.
`compute.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`compute.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`compute.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for compute machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for compute machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of compute VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.

9.5.6. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

9.6. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

9.7. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

9.8. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

9.9. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

9.10. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 10. Installing a private cluster on GCP

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a private cluster into an existing VPC on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.

10.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

10.2. Private clusters

You can deploy a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that does not expose external endpoints. Private clusters are accessible from only an internal network and are not visible to the internet.

By default, OpenShift Container Platform is provisioned to use publicly-accessible DNS and endpoints. A private cluster sets the DNS, Ingress Controller, and API server to private when you deploy your cluster. This means that the cluster resources are only accessible from your internal network and are not visible to the internet.

Important

If the cluster has any public subnets, load balancer services created by administrators might be publicly accessible. To ensure cluster security, verify that these services are explicitly annotated as private.

To deploy a private cluster, you must:

Use existing networking that meets your requirements. Your cluster resources might be shared between other clusters on the network.
Deploy from a machine that has access to:
- The API services for the cloud to which you provision.
- The hosts on the network that you provision.
- The internet to obtain installation media.

You can use any machine that meets these access requirements and follows your company’s guidelines. For example, this machine can be a bastion host on your cloud network or a machine that has access to the network through a VPN.

10.2.1. Private clusters in GCP

To create a private cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP), you must provide an existing private VPC and subnets to host the cluster. The installation program must also be able to resolve the DNS records that the cluster requires. The installation program configures the Ingress Operator and API server for only internal traffic.

The cluster still requires access to internet to access the GCP APIs.

The following items are not required or created when you install a private cluster:

Public subnets
Public network load balancers, which support public ingress
A public DNS zone that matches the baseDomain for the cluster

The installation program does use the baseDomain that you specify to create a private DNS zone and the required records for the cluster. The cluster is configured so that the Operators do not create public records for the cluster and all cluster machines are placed in the private subnets that you specify.

Because it is not possible to limit access to external load balancers based on source tags, the private cluster uses only internal load balancers to allow access to internal instances.

The internal load balancer relies on instance groups rather than the target pools that the network load balancers use. The installation program creates instance groups for each zone, even if there is no instance in that group.

The cluster IP address is internal only.
One forwarding rule manages both the Kubernetes API and machine config server ports.
The backend service is comprised of each zone’s instance group and, while it exists, the bootstrap instance group.
The firewall uses a single rule that is based on only internal source ranges.

10.2.1.1. Limitations

No health check for the Machine config server, /healthz, runs because of a difference in load balancer functionality. Two internal load balancers cannot share a single IP address, but two network load balancers can share a single external IP address. Instead, the health of an instance is determined entirely by the /readyz check on port 6443.

10.3. About using a custom VPC

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you can deploy a cluster into an existing VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). If you do, you must also use existing subnets within the VPC and routing rules.

By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing GCP VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. This is a good option to use if you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself.

10.3.1. Requirements for using your VPC

The installation program will no longer create the following components:

VPC
Subnets
Cloud router
Cloud NAT
NAT IP addresses

If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. The installation program cannot subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use, set route tables for the subnets, or set VPC options like DHCP, so you must do so before you install the cluster.

Your VPC and subnets must meet the following characteristics:

The VPC must be in the same GCP project that you deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster to.
To allow access to the internet from the control plane and compute machines, you must configure cloud NAT on the subnets to allow egress to it. These machines do not have a public address. Even if you do not require access to the internet, you must allow egress to the VPC network to obtain the installation program and images. Because multiple cloud NATs cannot be configured on the shared subnets, the installation program cannot configure it.

To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:

All the subnets that you specify exist and belong to the VPC that you specified.
The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR.
You must provide a subnet to deploy the cluster control plane and compute machines to. You can use the same subnet for both machine types.

If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted.

10.3.2. Division of permissions

Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resources in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or Ingress rules.

The GCP credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as load balancers, security groups, storage, and nodes.

10.3.3. Isolation between clusters

If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is preserved by firewall rules that reference the machines in your cluster by the cluster’s infrastructure ID. Only traffic within the cluster is allowed.

If you deploy multiple clusters to the same VPC, the following components might share access between clusters:

The API, which is globally available with an external publishing strategy or available throughout the network in an internal publishing strategy
Debugging tools, such as ports on VM instances that are open to the machine CIDR for SSH and ICMP access

10.4. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

10.5. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

10.6. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

10.7. Manually creating the installation configuration file

Installing the cluster requires that you manually create the installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:
```
$ mkdir <installation_directory>
```
Important
You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.
Note
You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

10.7.1. Installation configuration parameters

Note

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

10.7.1.1. Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 10.1. Required parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `install-config.yaml` content. The current version is `v1`. The installation program may also support older API versions.	String
`baseDomain`	The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the `baseDomain` and `metadata.name` parameter values that uses the `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>` format.	A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as `example.com`.
`metadata`	Kubernetes resource `ObjectMeta`, from which only the `name` parameter is consumed.	Object
`metadata.name`	The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of `{{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}`.	String of lowercase letters, hyphens (`-`), and periods (`.`), such as `dev`.
`platform`	The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: `alibabacloud`, `aws`, `baremetal`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`. For additional information about `platform.<platform>` parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.	Object
`pullSecret`	Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io.	{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } }

10.7.1.2. Network configuration parameters

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Note

Table 10.2. Network parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`networking`	The configuration for the cluster network.	Object Note You cannot modify parameters specified by the `networking` object after installation.
`networking.networkType`	The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.	Either `OpenShiftSDN` or `OVNKubernetes`. `OpenShiftSDN` is a CNI plugin for all-Linux networks. `OVNKubernetes` is a CNI plugin for Linux networks and hybrid networks that contain both Linux and Windows servers. The default value is `OVNKubernetes`.
`networking.clusterNetwork`	The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is `10.128.0.0/14` with a host prefix of `/23`. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23
`networking.clusterNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.clusterNetwork`. An IP address block. An IPv4 network.	An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between `0` and `32`.
`networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix`	The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if `hostPrefix` is set to `23` then each node is assigned a `/23` subnet out of the given `cidr`. A `hostPrefix` value of `23` provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.	A subnet prefix. The default value is `23`.
`networking.serviceNetwork`	The IP address block for services. The default value is `172.30.0.0/16`. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.	An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork`	The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.	An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
`networking.machineNetwork.cidr`	Required if you use `networking.machineNetwork`. An IP address block. The default value is `10.0.0.0/16` for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is `192.168.126.0/24`. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is `192.168.0.0/24`.	An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example, `10.0.0.0/16`. Note Set the `networking.machineNetwork` to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

10.7.1.3. Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 10.3. Optional parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`additionalTrustBundle`	A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.	String
`capabilities`	Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.	String array
`capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet`	Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are `None`, `v4.11`, `v4.12` and `vCurrent`. The default value is `vCurrent`.	String
`capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities`	Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in `baselineCapabilitySet`. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.	String array
`cpuPartitioningMode`	Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OpenShift Container Platform services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.	`None` or `AllNodes`. `None` is the default value.
`compute`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`compute.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
compute: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`compute.name`	Required if you use `compute`. The name of the machine pool.	`worker`
`compute.platform`	Required if you use `compute`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the `controlPlane.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`compute.replicas`	The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.	A positive integer greater than or equal to `2`. The default value is `3`.
`featureSet`	Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OpenShift Container Platform features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".	String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as `TechPreviewNoUpgrade`.
`controlPlane`	The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.	Array of `MachinePool` objects.
`controlPlane.architecture`	Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are `amd64` (the default).	String
controlPlane: hyperthreading:	Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or `hyperthreading`, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`
`controlPlane.name`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. The name of the machine pool.	`master`
`controlPlane.platform`	Required if you use `controlPlane`. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the `compute.platform` parameter value.	`alibabacloud`, `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, `ibmcloud`, `nutanix`, `openstack`, `ovirt`, `powervs`, `vsphere`, or `{}`
`controlPlane.replicas`	The number of control plane machines to provision.	The only supported value is `3`, which is the default value.
`credentialsMode`	The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), `credentialsMode` must be set to `Passthrough` or `Manual`. Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the `credentialsMode` parameter to `Mint`, `Passthrough` or `Manual`.	`Mint`, `Passthrough`, `Manual` or an empty string (`""`).
`imageContentSources`	Sources and repositories for the release-image content.	Array of objects. Includes a `source` and, optionally, `mirrors`, as described in the following rows of this table.
`imageContentSources.source`	Required if you use `imageContentSources`. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.	String
`imageContentSources.mirrors`	Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.	Array of strings
`publish`	How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.	`Internal` or `External`. To deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet, set `publish` to `Internal`. The default value is `External`.
`sshKey`	The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your `ssh-agent` process uses.	For example, `sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA..`.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.
Note
If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), credentialsMode must be set to Passthrough or Manual.
Important
Setting this parameter to Manual enables alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project, which require additional configuration steps. For more information, see "Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project".

10.7.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters

Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 10.4. Additional GCP parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`platform.gcp.network`	The name of the existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) where you want to deploy your cluster. If you want to deploy your cluster into a shared VPC, you must set `platform.gcp.networkProjectID` with the name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC.	String.
`platform.gcp.networkProjectID`	Optional. The name of the GCP project that contains the shared VPC where you want to deploy your cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.projectID`	The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster.	String.
`platform.gcp.region`	The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster.	Any valid region name, such as `us-central1`.
`platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your control plane machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.computeSubnet`	The name of the existing subnet where you want to deploy your compute machines.	The subnet name.
`platform.gcp.licenses`	A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important The `licenses` parameter is a deprecated field and nested virtualization is enabled by default. It is not recommended to use this field.	Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installation program to copy the source image before use.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB).	Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type. The control plane nodes must be the `pd-ssd` disk type. Compute nodes can be either type.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane and compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `network-tag1`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane and compute machines.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	The name of the Key Management Service (KMS) key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	The GCP location in which the KMS key ring exists.	The GCP location.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	The ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the value of the `platform.gcp.projectID` parameter if it is not set.	The GCP project ID.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane and compute machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for all machines in the cluster. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.confidentialCompute`	Whether to use Confidential VMs for all machines in the cluster. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data during processing. For more information on Confidential computing, see Google’s documentation on Confidential computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of all VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for control plane machines. If absent, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to control plane machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for control plane machines.	Control plane machines must use the `pd-ssd` disk type, which is the default.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use `controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for control plane machines.	One or more strings, for example `control-plane-tag1`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for control plane machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates control plane machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for control plane machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for control plane machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`controlPlane.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of control plane VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.name`	The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption.	The encryption key name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.keyRing`	For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs.	The KMS key ring name.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.location`	For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information about KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations.	The GCP location for the key ring.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKey.projectID`	For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set.	The GCP project ID.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.encryptionKey.kmsKeyServiceAccount`	The GCP service account used for the encryption request for compute machines. If this value is not set, the Compute Engine default service account is used. For more information about GCP service accounts, see Google’s documentation on service accounts.	The GCP service account email, for example `<service_account_name>@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskSizeGB`	The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). This value applies to compute machines.	Any integer between 16 and 65536.
`compute.platform.gcp.osDisk.diskType`	The GCP disk type for compute machines.	Either the default `pd-ssd` or the `pd-standard` disk type.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`	Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only.	String. The name of GCP project where the image is located.
`compute.platform.gcp.osImage.name`	The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use `compute.platform.gcp.osImage.project`, this field is required.	String. The name of the RHCOS image.
`compute.platform.gcp.tags`	Optional. Additional network tags to add to the compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags` parameter for compute machines.	One or more strings, for example `compute-network-tag1`.
`compute.platform.gcp.type`	The GCP machine type for compute machines. If set, this parameter overrides the `platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.type` parameter.	The GCP machine type, for example `n1-standard-4`.
`compute.platform.gcp.zones`	The availability zones where the installation program creates compute machines.	A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as `us-central1-a`, in a YAML sequence.
`compute.platform.gcp.secureBoot`	Whether to enable Shielded VM secure boot for compute machines. Shielded VMs have additional security protocols such as secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit protection. For more information on Shielded VMs, see Google’s documentation on Shielded VMs.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.confidentialCompute`	Whether to enable Confidential VMs for compute machines. Confidential VMs provide encryption for data while it is being processed. For more information on Confidential VMs, see Google’s documentation on Confidential Computing.	`Enabled` or `Disabled`. The default value is `Disabled`.
`compute.platform.gcp.onHostMaintenance`	Specifies the behavior of compute VMs during a host maintenance event, such as a software or hardware update. For Confidential VMs, this parameter must be set to `Terminate`. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.	`Terminate` or `Migrate`. The default value is `Migrate`.

10.7.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 10.5. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

10.7.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 10.1. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

10.7.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.

Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type

compute:
- architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 2
controlPlane:
  architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: custom-6-20480
  replicas: 3

10.7.5. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

10.7.6. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

10.7.7. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 1
controlPlane: 2 3
  hyperthreading: Enabled 4
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-ssd
        diskSizeGB: 1024
        encryptionKey: 5
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 6
      - control-plane-tag1
      - control-plane-tag2
      osImage: 7
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
compute: 8 9
- hyperthreading: Enabled 10
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      osDisk:
        diskType: pd-standard
        diskSizeGB: 128
        encryptionKey: 11
          kmsKey:
            name: worker-key
            keyRing: test-machine-keys
            location: global
            projectID: project-id
      tags: 12
        - compute-tag1
        - compute-tag2
      osImage: 13
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster 14
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 15
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  gcp:
    projectID: openshift-production 16
    region: us-central1 17
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 18
      - global-tag1
      - global-tag2
      osImage: 19
        project: example-project-name
        name: example-image-name
    network: existing_vpc 20
    controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 21
    computeSubnet: compute_subnet 22
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 23
fips: false 24
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 25
publish: Internal 26

1 14 16 17 23: Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
2 8: If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
3 9: The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
4 10: Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important
If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.
5 11: Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.com pattern. For more information about granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management" → "Creating compute machine sets" → "Creating a compute machine set on GCP".
6 12 18: Optional: A set of network tags to apply to the control plane or compute machine sets. The platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter will apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the compute.platform.gcp.tags or controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags parameters are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter.
7 13 19: Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The project and name parameters under platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the project and name parameters under controlPlane.platform.gcp.osImage or compute.platform.gcp.osImage are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage parameters.
15: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are OVNKubernetes and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
20: Specify the name of an existing VPC.
21: Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the control plane machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
22: Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the compute machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
24: Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled.
Important
OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2. RHEL 9.2 cryptographic modules have not yet been submitted for FIPS validation. For more information, see "About this release" in the 4.13 OpenShift Container Platform Release Notes.
25: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
26: How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set publish to Internal to deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value is External.

Additional resources

Enabling customer-managed encryption keys for a compute machine set

10.7.8. Create an Ingress Controller with global access on GCP

You can create an Ingress Controller that has global access to a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cluster. Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.

Prerequisites

You created the install-config.yaml and complete any modifications to it.

Procedure

Create an Ingress Controller with global access on a new GCP cluster.

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create a manifest file:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.
Create a file that is named cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:
```
$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the manifests/ directory, as shown:
```
$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
```
Example output
```
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
```

Open the cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:

Sample clientAccess configuration to Global

  apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
  kind: IngressController
  metadata:
    name: default
    namespace: openshift-ingress-operator
  spec:
    endpointPublishingStrategy:
      loadBalancer:
        providerParameters:
          gcp:
            clientAccess: Global 1
          type: GCP
        scope: Internal          2
      type: LoadBalancerService

1: Set gcp.clientAccess to Global.
2: Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.

10.7.9. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

10.8. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
- The GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS, GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, or GCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON environment variables
- The ~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.json file
- The gcloud cli default credentials
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
- If you assigned the Owner role to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with the Viewer role.
- If you included the Service Account Key Admin role, you can remove it.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

10.9. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

10.10. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

10.11. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

10.12. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 11. Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in GCP by using Deployment Manager templates

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide.

The steps for performing a user-provided infrastructure install are outlined here. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods.

Important

The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.

11.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
Note
Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.

11.2. Certificate signing requests management

Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

11.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

11.4. Configuring your GCP project

Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.

11.4.1. Creating a GCP project

To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.

Procedure

Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
Important
Your GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.

11.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP

Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Table 11.1. Required API services
API service	Console service name
Compute Engine API	`compute.googleapis.com`
Cloud Resource Manager API	`cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com`
Google DNS API	`dns.googleapis.com`
IAM Service Account Credentials API	`iamcredentials.googleapis.com`
Identity and Access Management (IAM) API	`iam.googleapis.com`
Service Usage API	`serviceusage.googleapis.com`

Table 11.2. Optional API services
API service	Console service name
Cloud Deployment Manager V2 API	`deploymentmanager.googleapis.com`
Google Cloud APIs	`cloudapis.googleapis.com`
Service Management API	`servicemanagement.googleapis.com`
Google Cloud Storage JSON API	`storage-api.googleapis.com`
Cloud Storage	`storage-component.googleapis.com`

11.4.3. Configuring DNS for GCP

Procedure

Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
Note
If you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.
Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.

11.4.4. GCP account limits

Table 11.3. GCP resources used in a default cluster
Service	Component	Location	Total resources required	Resources removed after bootstrap
Service account	IAM	Global	6	1
Firewall rules	Networking	Global	11	1
Forwarding rules	Compute	Global	2	0
Health checks	Compute	Global	2	0
Images	Compute	Global	1	0
Networks	Networking	Global	1	0
Routers	Networking	Global	1	0
Routes	Networking	Global	2	0
Subnetworks	Compute	Global	2	0
Target pools	Networking	Global	2	0

Note

If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.

If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:

asia-east2
asia-northeast2
asia-south1
australia-southeast1
europe-north1
europe-west2
europe-west3
europe-west6
northamerica-northeast1
southamerica-east1
us-west2

11.4.5. Creating a service account in GCP

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the Owner role to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.
Note
While making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
You can create the service account key in JSON format, or attach the service account to a GCP virtual machine. See Creating service account keys and Creating and enabling service accounts for instances in the GCP documentation.
You must have a service account key or a virtual machine with an attached service account to create the cluster.
Note
If you use a virtual machine with an attached service account to create your cluster, you must set credentialsMode: Manual in the install-config.yaml file before installation.

11.4.6. Required GCP roles

Important

If you configure the Cloud Credential Operator to operate in passthrough mode, you must use roles rather than granular permissions.

If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:

Required roles for the installation program

Compute Admin
IAM Security Admin
Service Account Admin
Service Account Key Admin
Service Account User
Storage Admin

Required roles for creating network resources during installation

DNS Administrator

Required roles for using passthrough credentials mode

Compute Load Balancer Admin
IAM Role Viewer

Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure

Deployment Manager Editor

The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:

Table 11.4. GCP service account permissions
Account	Roles
Control Plane	`roles/compute.instanceAdmin`
	`roles/compute.networkAdmin`
	`roles/compute.securityAdmin`
	`roles/storage.admin`
	`roles/iam.serviceAccountUser`
Compute	`roles/compute.viewer`
Compute	`roles/storage.admin`

11.4.7. Required GCP permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure

When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform.

If the security policies for your organization require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the user-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Important

Example 11.1. Required permissions for creating network resources

compute.addresses.create
compute.addresses.createInternal
compute.addresses.delete
compute.addresses.get
compute.addresses.list
compute.addresses.use
compute.addresses.useInternal
compute.firewalls.create
compute.firewalls.delete
compute.firewalls.get
compute.firewalls.list
compute.forwardingRules.create
compute.forwardingRules.get
compute.forwardingRules.list
compute.forwardingRules.setLabels
compute.networks.create
compute.networks.get
compute.networks.list
compute.networks.updatePolicy
compute.routers.create
compute.routers.get
compute.routers.list
compute.routers.update
compute.routes.list
compute.subnetworks.create
compute.subnetworks.get
compute.subnetworks.list
compute.subnetworks.use
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp

Example 11.2. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources

compute.regionBackendServices.create
compute.regionBackendServices.get
compute.regionBackendServices.list
compute.regionBackendServices.update
compute.regionBackendServices.use
compute.targetPools.addInstance
compute.targetPools.create
compute.targetPools.get
compute.targetPools.list
compute.targetPools.removeInstance
compute.targetPools.use

Example 11.3. Required permissions for creating DNS resources

dns.changes.create
dns.changes.get
dns.managedZones.create
dns.managedZones.get
dns.managedZones.list
dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone
dns.resourceRecordSets.create
dns.resourceRecordSets.list
dns.resourceRecordSets.update

Example 11.4. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources

iam.serviceAccountKeys.create
iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete
iam.serviceAccountKeys.get
iam.serviceAccountKeys.list
iam.serviceAccounts.actAs
iam.serviceAccounts.create
iam.serviceAccounts.delete
iam.serviceAccounts.get
iam.serviceAccounts.list
resourcemanager.projects.get
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

Example 11.5. Required permissions for creating compute resources

compute.disks.create
compute.disks.get
compute.disks.list
compute.instanceGroups.create
compute.instanceGroups.delete
compute.instanceGroups.get
compute.instanceGroups.list
compute.instanceGroups.update
compute.instanceGroups.use
compute.instances.create
compute.instances.delete
compute.instances.get
compute.instances.list
compute.instances.setLabels
compute.instances.setMetadata
compute.instances.setServiceAccount
compute.instances.setTags
compute.instances.use
compute.machineTypes.get
compute.machineTypes.list

Example 11.6. Required for creating storage resources

storage.buckets.create
storage.buckets.delete
storage.buckets.get
storage.buckets.list
storage.objects.create
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.get
storage.objects.list

Example 11.7. Required permissions for creating health check resources

compute.healthChecks.create
compute.healthChecks.get
compute.healthChecks.list
compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly
compute.httpHealthChecks.create
compute.httpHealthChecks.get
compute.httpHealthChecks.list
compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly

Example 11.8. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information

compute.globalOperations.get
compute.regionOperations.get
compute.regions.list
compute.zoneOperations.get
compute.zones.get
compute.zones.list

Example 11.9. Required permissions for checking services and quotas

monitoring.timeSeries.list
serviceusage.quotas.get
serviceusage.services.list

Example 11.10. Required IAM permissions for installation

iam.roles.get

Example 11.11. Required Images permissions for installation

compute.images.create
compute.images.delete
compute.images.get
compute.images.list

Example 11.12. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap

compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput

Example 11.13. Required permissions for deleting network resources

compute.addresses.delete
compute.addresses.deleteInternal
compute.addresses.list
compute.firewalls.delete
compute.firewalls.list
compute.forwardingRules.delete
compute.forwardingRules.list
compute.networks.delete
compute.networks.list
compute.networks.updatePolicy
compute.routers.delete
compute.routers.list
compute.routes.list
compute.subnetworks.delete
compute.subnetworks.list

Example 11.14. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources

compute.regionBackendServices.delete
compute.regionBackendServices.list
compute.targetPools.delete
compute.targetPools.list

Example 11.15. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources

dns.changes.create
dns.managedZones.delete
dns.managedZones.get
dns.managedZones.list
dns.resourceRecordSets.delete
dns.resourceRecordSets.list

Example 11.16. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources

iam.serviceAccounts.delete
iam.serviceAccounts.get
iam.serviceAccounts.list
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

Example 11.17. Required permissions for deleting compute resources

compute.disks.delete
compute.disks.list
compute.instanceGroups.delete
compute.instanceGroups.list
compute.instances.delete
compute.instances.list
compute.instances.stop
compute.machineTypes.list

Example 11.18. Required for deleting storage resources

storage.buckets.delete
storage.buckets.getIamPolicy
storage.buckets.list
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.list

Example 11.19. Required permissions for deleting health check resources

compute.healthChecks.delete
compute.healthChecks.list
compute.httpHealthChecks.delete
compute.httpHealthChecks.list

Example 11.20. Required Images permissions for deletion

compute.images.delete
compute.images.list

Example 11.21. Required permissions to get Region related information

compute.regions.get

Example 11.22. Required Deployment Manager permissions

deploymentmanager.deployments.create
deploymentmanager.deployments.delete
deploymentmanager.deployments.get
deploymentmanager.deployments.list
deploymentmanager.manifests.get
deploymentmanager.operations.get
deploymentmanager.resources.list

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

11.4.8. Supported GCP regions

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:

asia-east1 (Changhua County, Taiwan)
asia-east2 (Hong Kong)
asia-northeast1 (Tokyo, Japan)
asia-northeast2 (Osaka, Japan)
asia-northeast3 (Seoul, South Korea)
asia-south1 (Mumbai, India)
asia-south2 (Delhi, India)
asia-southeast1 (Jurong West, Singapore)
asia-southeast2 (Jakarta, Indonesia)
australia-southeast1 (Sydney, Australia)
australia-southeast2 (Melbourne, Australia)
europe-central2 (Warsaw, Poland)
europe-north1 (Hamina, Finland)
europe-southwest1 (Madrid, Spain)
europe-west1 (St. Ghislain, Belgium)
europe-west2 (London, England, UK)
europe-west3 (Frankfurt, Germany)
europe-west4 (Eemshaven, Netherlands)
europe-west6 (Zürich, Switzerland)
europe-west8 (Milan, Italy)
europe-west9 (Paris, France)
europe-west12 (Turin, Italy)
me-central1 (Doha, Qatar, Middle East)
me-west1 (Tel Aviv, Israel)
northamerica-northeast1 (Montréal, Québec, Canada)
northamerica-northeast2 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
southamerica-east1 (São Paulo, Brazil)
southamerica-west1 (Santiago, Chile)
us-central1 (Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA)
us-east1 (Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA)
us-east4 (Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA)
us-east5 (Columbus, Ohio)
us-south1 (Dallas, Texas)
us-west1 (The Dalles, Oregon, USA)
us-west2 (Los Angeles, California, USA)
us-west3 (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA)
us-west4 (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)

Note

To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.

11.4.9. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.
You created a service account and granted it the required permissions.

Procedure

Install the following binaries in $PATH:
- gcloud
- gsutil
See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation.
Authenticate using the gcloud tool with your configured service account.
See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation.

11.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure

For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.

11.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation

The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:

Table 11.5. Minimum required hosts
Hosts	Description
One temporary bootstrap machine	The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster.
Three control plane machines	The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane.
At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines.	The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines.

Important

To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.

The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.6 and later.

Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

11.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 11.6. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

11.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 11.23. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

11.5.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

11.6. Creating the installation files for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

11.6.1. Optional: Creating a separate `/var` partition

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

/var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.
/var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.
/var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Important

If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section.

Procedure

Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files:
```
$ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
```

Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:

$ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig

Example output

? SSH Public Key ...
INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift

Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory:

$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/

Example output

99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
...

Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition:
```
variant: openshift
version: 4.13.0
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
  name: 98-var-partition
storage:
  disks:
  - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name> 1
    partitions:
    - label: var
      start_mib: <partition_start_offset> 2
      size_mib: <partition_size> 3
      number: 5
  filesystems:
    - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
      path: /var
      format: xfs
      mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] 4
      with_mount_unit: true
```
1
The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
2
When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
3
The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
4
The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.
Note
When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.
Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command:
```
$ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
```

Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories:

$ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.

11.6.2. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
  3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
  4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
  5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
  7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.
Note
If you are installing a three-node cluster, be sure to set the compute.replicas parameter to 0. This ensures that cluster’s control planes are schedulable. For more information, see "Installing a three-node cluster on GCP".
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

11.6.3. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

11.6.4. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

11.6.5. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

11.6.6. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Important

The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
```
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set:

$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
```
Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Warning
If you are installing a three-node cluster, skip the following step to allow the control plane nodes to be schedulable.
Important
When you configure control plane nodes from the default unschedulable to schedulable, additional subscriptions are required. This is because control plane nodes then become compute nodes.
Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:
1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.
3. Save and exit the file.
Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:
```
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: DNS
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  baseDomain: example.openshift.com
  privateZone: 1
    id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
  publicZone: 2
    id: example.openshift.com
status: {}
```
1 2
Remove this section completely.
If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.
To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
```
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.
Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:
```
.
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign
```

Additional resources

Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records

11.7. Exporting common variables

11.7.1. Extracting the infrastructure name

The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate GCP resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided Deployment Manager templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
You installed the jq package.

Procedure

To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command:
```
$ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
```
openshift-vw9j6 1
```
1
The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.

11.7.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates

You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Deployment Manager templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Note

Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Install the jq package.

Procedure

Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates:

$ export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>'
$ export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>'
$ export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16'
$ export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17'
$ export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17'

$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
$ export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export REGION=`jq -r .gcp.region <installation_directory>/metadata.json`

1: For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

11.8. Creating a VPC in GCP

You must create a VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements. One way to create the VPC is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as 01_vpc.py on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.
Create a 01_vpc.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml
imports:
- path: 01_vpc.py

resources:
- name: cluster-vpc
  type: 01_vpc.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    region: '${REGION}' 2
    master_subnet_cidr: '${MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3
    worker_subnet_cidr: '${WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
3
master_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the master subnet, for example 10.0.0.0/17.
4
worker_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the worker subnet, for example 10.0.128.0/17.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-vpc --config 01_vpc.yaml

11.8.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.24. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network',
        'type': 'compute.v1.network',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'autoCreateSubnetworks': False
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet',
        'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet',
        'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router',
        'type': 'compute.v1.router',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'nats': [{
                'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master',
                'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
                'minPortsPerVm': 7168,
                'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
                'subnetworks': [{
                    'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)',
                    'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
                }]
            }, {
                'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker',
                'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
                'minPortsPerVm': 512,
                'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
                'subnetworks': [{
                    'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)',
                    'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
                }]
            }]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.

11.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP

On Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines, the hostname is set through NetworkManager. By default, the machines obtain their hostname through DHCP. If the hostname is not provided by DHCP, set statically through kernel arguments, or another method, it is obtained through a reverse DNS lookup. Reverse DNS lookup occurs after the network has been initialized on a node and can take time to resolve. Other system services can start prior to this and detect the hostname as localhost or similar. You can avoid this by using DHCP to provide the hostname for each cluster node.

Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation.

11.9.2. Network connectivity requirements

You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OpenShift Container Platform cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.

This section provides details about the ports that are required.

Important

In connected OpenShift Container Platform environments, all nodes are required to have internet access to pull images for platform containers and provide telemetry data to Red Hat.

Table 11.7. Ports used for all-machine to all-machine communications
Protocol	Port	Description
ICMP	N/A	Network reachability tests
TCP	`1936`	Metrics
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101` and the Cluster Version Operator on port `9099`.
	`10250`-`10259`	The default ports that Kubernetes reserves
	`10256`	openshift-sdn
UDP	`4789`	VXLAN
	`6081`	Geneve
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101`.
	`500`	IPsec IKE packets
	`4500`	IPsec NAT-T packets
	`123`	Network Time Protocol (NTP) on UDP port `123` If an external NTP time server is configured, you must open UDP port `123`.
TCP/UDP	`30000`-`32767`	Kubernetes node port
ESP	N/A	IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

Table 11.8. Ports used for all-machine to control plane communications
Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`6443`	Kubernetes API

Table 11.9. Ports used for control plane machine to control plane machine communications
Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`2379`-`2380`	etcd server and peer ports

11.10. Creating load balancers in GCP

You must configure load balancers in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_int.py on your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires.
For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_ext.py on your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

Export the variables that the deployment template uses:

Export the cluster network location:

$ export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe ${INFRA_ID}-network --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the control plane subnet location:

$ export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-master-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the three zones that the cluster uses:

$ export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[0] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

$ export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[1] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

$ export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[2] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

Create a 02_infra.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml
imports:
- path: 02_lb_ext.py
- path: 02_lb_int.py 1
resources:
- name: cluster-lb-ext 2
  type: 02_lb_ext.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 3
    region: '${REGION}' 4
- name: cluster-lb-int
  type: 02_lb_int.py
  properties:
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}'
    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}'
    region: '${REGION}'
    zones: 6
    - '${ZONE_0}'
    - '${ZONE_1}'
    - '${ZONE_2}'
EOF

1 2: Required only when deploying an external cluster.
3: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
4: region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
5: control_subnet is the URI to the control subnet.
6: zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, like us-east1-b, us-east1-c, and us-east1-d.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yaml

Export the cluster IP address:

$ export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)

For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address:

$ export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)

11.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.25. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region']
        }
    }, {
        # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check',
        'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck',
        'properties': {
            'port': 6080,
            'requestPath': '/readyz'
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool',
        'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'],
            'instances': []
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule',
        'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)',
            'target': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)',
            'portRange': '6443'
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.26. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    backends = []
    for zone in context.properties['zones']:
        backends.append({
            'group': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)'
        })

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'addressType': 'INTERNAL',
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
        }
    }, {
        # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check',
        'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck',
        'properties': {
            'httpsHealthCheck': {
                'port': 6443,
                'requestPath': '/readyz'
            },
            'type': "HTTPS"
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service',
        'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService',
        'properties': {
            'backends': backends,
            'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'],
            'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'protocol': 'TCP',
            'timeoutSec': 120
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule',
        'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
        'properties': {
            'backendService': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service.selfLink)',
            'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)',
            'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
            'ports': ['6443','22623'],
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
        }
    }]

    for zone in context.properties['zones']:
        resources.append({
            'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig',
            'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
            'properties': {
                'namedPorts': [
                    {
                        'name': 'ignition',
                        'port': 22623
                    }, {
                        'name': 'https',
                        'port': 6443
                    }
                ],
                'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
                'zone': zone
            }
        })

    return {'resources': resources}

You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster.

11.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP

You must configure a private DNS zone in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create this component is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as 02_dns.py on your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires.

Create a 02_dns.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml
imports:
- path: 02_dns.py

resources:
- name: cluster-dns
  type: 02_dns.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    cluster_domain: '${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}' 2
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3
EOF

1: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2: cluster_domain is the domain for the cluster, for example openshift.example.com.
3: cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yaml

The templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:

Add the internal DNS entries:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone

For an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}

11.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.27. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone',
        'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone',
        'properties': {
            'description': '',
            'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.',
            'visibility': 'private',
            'privateVisibilityConfig': {
                'networks': [{
                    'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network']
                }]
            }
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP

You must create firewall rules in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as 03_firewall.py on your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires.
Create a 03_firewall.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml
imports:
- path: 03_firewall.py

resources:
- name: cluster-firewall
  type: 03_firewall.py
  properties:
    allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3
    network_cidr: '${NETWORK_CIDR}' 4
EOF
```
1
allowed_external_cidr is the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to ${NETWORK_CIDR}.
2
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
3
cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.
4
network_cidr is the CIDR of the VPC network, for example 10.0.0.0/16.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml

11.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.28. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['6443']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['2379-2380']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10257']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10259']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22623']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'icmp'
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['4789', '6081']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['500', '4500']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'esp',
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['9000-9999']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['9000-9999']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10250']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['30000-32767']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['30000-32767']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ],
            'targetTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.13. Creating IAM roles in GCP

You must create IAM roles in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for IAM roles section of this topic and save it as 03_iam.py on your computer. This template describes the IAM roles that your cluster requires.

Create a 03_iam.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >03_iam.yaml
imports:
- path: 03_iam.py
resources:
- name: cluster-iam
  type: 03_iam.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
EOF

1: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-iam --config 03_iam.yaml

Export the variable for the master service account:

$ export MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-m@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the variable for the worker service account:

$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the variable for the subnet that hosts the compute machines:

$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

The templates do not create the policy bindings due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.instanceAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.securityAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/iam.serviceAccountUser"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin"

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.viewer"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin"

Create a service account key and store it locally for later use:

$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create service-account-key.json --iam-account=${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}

11.13.1. Deployment Manager template for IAM roles

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the IAM roles that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.29. 03_iam.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node-sa',
        'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount',
        'properties': {
            'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-m',
            'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node'
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node-sa',
        'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount',
        'properties': {
            'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-w',
            'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node'
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure

You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

Procedure

Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page.
Important
The RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.
The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz.
Create the Google storage bucket:
```
$ gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>
```

Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket:

$ gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz  gs://<bucket_name>

Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable:

$ export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz

Create the cluster image:

$ gcloud compute images create "${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \
    --source-uri="${IMAGE_SOURCE}"

11.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP

You must create the bootstrap machine in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your bootstrap machine, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Ensure pyOpenSSL is installed.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.py on your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires:

$ export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe ${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Create a bucket and upload the bootstrap.ign file:

$ gsutil mb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition

$ gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/

Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable:

$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign | grep "^gs:" | awk '{print $5}'`

Create a 04_bootstrap.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml
imports:
- path: 04_bootstrap.py

resources:
- name: cluster-bootstrap
  type: 04_bootstrap.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    region: '${REGION}' 2
    zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3

    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4
    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7
    root_volume_size: '128' 8

    bootstrap_ign: '${BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
3
zone is the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for example us-central1-b.
4
cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.
5
control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet.
6
image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image.
7
machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
8
root_volume_size is the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine.
9
bootstrap_ign is the URL output when creating a signed URL.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yaml

The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the bootstrap machine manually.

Add the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group:

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances \
    ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

Add the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service:

$ gcloud compute backend-services add-backend \
    ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}

11.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.30. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}',
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'],
                'accessConfigs': [{
                    'natIP': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)'
                }]
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
        'properties': {
            'namedPorts': [
                {
                    'name': 'ignition',
                    'port': 22623
                }, {
                    'name': 'https',
                    'port': 6443
                }
            ],
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP

You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as 05_control_plane.py on your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires.

Export the following variable required by the resource definition:

$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`

Create a 05_control_plane.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml
imports:
- path: 05_control_plane.py

resources:
- name: cluster-control-plane
  type: 05_control_plane.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    zones: 2
    - '${ZONE_0}'
    - '${ZONE_1}'
    - '${ZONE_2}'

    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6

    ignition: '${MASTER_IGNITION}' 7
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for example us-central1-a, us-central1-b, and us-central1-c.
3
control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet.
4
image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image.
5
machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
6
service_account_email is the email address for the master service account that you created.
7
ignition is the contents of the master.ign file.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yaml

The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually.

Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups:

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_0}-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_1}-ig --zone=${ZONE_1} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_2}-ig --zone=${ZONE_2} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2

For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools:

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_0}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_1}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_2}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2

11.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.31. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][0]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][1]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][2]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP

After you create all of the required infrastructure in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), wait for the bootstrap process to complete on the machines that you provisioned by using the Ignition config files that you generated with the installation program.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your production control plane has initialized.

Delete the bootstrap resources:

$ gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}

$ gsutil rm gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign

$ gsutil rb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

11.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP

You can create worker machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use by launching individual instances discretely or by automated processes outside the cluster, such as auto scaling groups. You can also take advantage of the built-in cluster scaling mechanisms and the machine API in OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

If you are installing a three-node cluster, skip this step. A three-node cluster consists of three control plane machines, which also act as compute machines.

In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file.

Note

If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your worker machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as 06_worker.py on your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires.

Export the variables that the resource definition uses.

Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines:

$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the email address for your service account:

$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file:

$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`

Create a 06_worker.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml
imports:
- path: 06_worker.py

resources:
- name: 'worker-0' 1
  type: 06_worker.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2
    zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3
    compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7
    ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 8
- name: 'worker-1'
  type: 06_worker.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 9
    zone: '${ZONE_1}' 10
    compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14
    ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 15
EOF

1: name is the name of the worker machine, for example worker-0.
2 9: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
3 10: zone is the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for example us-central1-a.
4 11: compute_subnet is the selfLink URL to the compute subnet.
5 12: image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image. ¹
6 13: machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
7 14: service_account_email is the email address for the worker service account that you created.
8 15: ignition is the contents of the worker.ign file.

Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type 06_worker.py in your 06_worker.yaml resource definition file.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml

To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use:
- OpenShift Container Platform: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-413-x86-64-202305021736
- OpenShift Platform Plus: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-413-x86-64-202305021736
- OpenShift Kubernetes Engine: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-413-x86-64-202305021736

11.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 11.32. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'],
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

11.19. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

11.20. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

11.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines

When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
```
$ oc get nodes
```
Example output
```
NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.26.0
```
The output lists all of the machines that you created.
Note
The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.
Note
For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve
```
  Note
  Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.

Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command:

$ oc get nodes

Example output

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.26.0
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0

Note

It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status.

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

11.22. Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records

If you removed the DNS zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs, you must manually create DNS records that point at the ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard *.apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records. You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.
Create the worker machines.

Procedure

Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the EXTERNAL-IP field:

$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default

Example output

NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                      AGE
router-default   LoadBalancer   172.30.18.154   35.233.157.184   80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP   98

Add the A record to your zones:

To use A records:

Export the variable for the router IP address:

$ export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`

Add the A record to the private zones:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone

For an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}

To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:

$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes

Example output

oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com

11.23. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure

After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready.

Prerequisites

Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned GCP infrastructure.
Install the oc CLI and log in.

Procedure

Complete the cluster installation:
```
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1
```
Example output
```
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Important
- The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
- It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Observe the running state of your cluster.

Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status:

$ oc get clusterversion

Example output

NAME      VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   SINCE   STATUS
version             False       True          24m     Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete

Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):

$ oc get clusteroperators

Example output

NAME                                       VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   DEGRADED   SINCE
authentication                             4.5.4     True        False         False      7m56s
cloud-credential                           4.5.4     True        False         False      31m
cluster-autoscaler                         4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
console                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      10m
csi-snapshot-controller                    4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
dns                                        4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
etcd                                       4.5.4     False       False         False      25s
image-registry                             4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
ingress                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
insights                                   4.5.4     True        False         False      17m
kube-apiserver                             4.5.4     True        False         False      19m
kube-controller-manager                    4.5.4     True        False         False      20m
kube-scheduler                             4.5.4     True        False         False      20m
kube-storage-version-migrator              4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
machine-api                                4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
machine-config                             4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
marketplace                                4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
monitoring                                 4.5.4     True        False         False      10m
network                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
node-tuning                                4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
openshift-apiserver                        4.5.4     True        False         False      17m
openshift-controller-manager               4.5.4     True        False         False      15m
openshift-samples                          4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
operator-lifecycle-manager                 4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog         4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver   4.5.4     True        False         False      18m
service-ca                                 4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
service-catalog-apiserver                  4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
service-catalog-controller-manager         4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
storage                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      17m

Run the following command to view your cluster pods:

$ oc get pods --all-namespaces

Example output

NAMESPACE                                               NAME                                                                READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal                1/1       Running     0          35m
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal                1/1       Running     0          37m
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal                 1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-apiserver-operator                            openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t                       1/1       Running     1          37m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-fm48r                                                     1/1       Running     0          30m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-fxkvv                                                     1/1       Running     0          29m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-q85nm                                                     1/1       Running     0          29m
...
openshift-service-ca-operator                           openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257                      1/1       Running     0          37m
openshift-service-ca                                    apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm                        1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-ca                                    configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6                         1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-ca                                    service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn                         1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator            openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w       1/1       Running     0          32m
openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator   openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm     1/1       Running     0          31m

When the current cluster version is AVAILABLE, the installation is complete.

11.24. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

11.25. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
Configure Global Access for an Ingress Controller on GCP.

Chapter 12. Installing a cluster into a shared VPC on GCP using Deployment Manager templates

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster into a shared Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide. In this context, a cluster installed into a shared VPC is a cluster that is configured to use a VPC from a project different from where the cluster is being deployed.

A shared VPC enables an organization to connect resources from multiple projects to a common VPC network. You can communicate within the organization securely and efficiently by using internal IPs from that network. For more information about shared VPC, see Shared VPC overview in the GCP documentation.

The steps for performing a user-provided infrastructure installation into a shared VPC are outlined here. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods.

Important

12.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
Note
Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.

12.2. Certificate signing requests management

12.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

12.4. Configuring the GCP project that hosts your cluster

Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.

12.4.1. Creating a GCP project

To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.

Procedure

Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
Important
Your GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.

12.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP

Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Table 12.1. Required API services
API service	Console service name
Compute Engine API	`compute.googleapis.com`
Cloud Resource Manager API	`cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com`
Google DNS API	`dns.googleapis.com`
IAM Service Account Credentials API	`iamcredentials.googleapis.com`
Identity and Access Management (IAM) API	`iam.googleapis.com`
Service Usage API	`serviceusage.googleapis.com`

Table 12.2. Optional API services
API service	Console service name
Cloud Deployment Manager V2 API	`deploymentmanager.googleapis.com`
Google Cloud APIs	`cloudapis.googleapis.com`
Service Management API	`servicemanagement.googleapis.com`
Google Cloud Storage JSON API	`storage-api.googleapis.com`
Cloud Storage	`storage-component.googleapis.com`

12.4.3. GCP account limits

Table 12.3. GCP resources used in a default cluster
Service	Component	Location	Total resources required	Resources removed after bootstrap
Service account	IAM	Global	6	1
Firewall rules	Networking	Global	11	1
Forwarding rules	Compute	Global	2	0
Health checks	Compute	Global	2	0
Images	Compute	Global	1	0
Networks	Networking	Global	1	0
Routers	Networking	Global	1	0
Routes	Networking	Global	2	0
Subnetworks	Compute	Global	2	0
Target pools	Networking	Global	2	0

Note

If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.

If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:

asia-east2
asia-northeast2
asia-south1
australia-southeast1
europe-north1
europe-west2
europe-west3
europe-west6
northamerica-northeast1
southamerica-east1
us-west2

12.4.4. Creating a service account in GCP

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the Owner role to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.
Note
While making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
You can create the service account key in JSON format, or attach the service account to a GCP virtual machine. See Creating service account keys and Creating and enabling service accounts for instances in the GCP documentation.
You must have a service account key or a virtual machine with an attached service account to create the cluster.
Note
If you use a virtual machine with an attached service account to create your cluster, you must set credentialsMode: Manual in the install-config.yaml file before installation.

12.4.4.1. Required GCP roles

Important

If you configure the Cloud Credential Operator to operate in passthrough mode, you must use roles rather than granular permissions.

If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:

Required roles for the installation program

Compute Admin
IAM Security Admin
Service Account Admin
Service Account Key Admin
Service Account User
Storage Admin

Required roles for creating network resources during installation

DNS Administrator

Required roles for using passthrough credentials mode

Compute Load Balancer Admin
IAM Role Viewer

Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure

Deployment Manager Editor

The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:

Table 12.4. GCP service account permissions
Account	Roles
Control Plane	`roles/compute.instanceAdmin`
	`roles/compute.networkAdmin`
	`roles/compute.securityAdmin`
	`roles/storage.admin`
	`roles/iam.serviceAccountUser`
Compute	`roles/compute.viewer`
Compute	`roles/storage.admin`

12.4.5. Supported GCP regions

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:

asia-east1 (Changhua County, Taiwan)
asia-east2 (Hong Kong)
asia-northeast1 (Tokyo, Japan)
asia-northeast2 (Osaka, Japan)
asia-northeast3 (Seoul, South Korea)
asia-south1 (Mumbai, India)
asia-south2 (Delhi, India)
asia-southeast1 (Jurong West, Singapore)
asia-southeast2 (Jakarta, Indonesia)
australia-southeast1 (Sydney, Australia)
australia-southeast2 (Melbourne, Australia)
europe-central2 (Warsaw, Poland)
europe-north1 (Hamina, Finland)
europe-southwest1 (Madrid, Spain)
europe-west1 (St. Ghislain, Belgium)
europe-west2 (London, England, UK)
europe-west3 (Frankfurt, Germany)
europe-west4 (Eemshaven, Netherlands)
europe-west6 (Zürich, Switzerland)
europe-west8 (Milan, Italy)
europe-west9 (Paris, France)
europe-west12 (Turin, Italy)
me-central1 (Doha, Qatar, Middle East)
me-west1 (Tel Aviv, Israel)
northamerica-northeast1 (Montréal, Québec, Canada)
northamerica-northeast2 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
southamerica-east1 (São Paulo, Brazil)
southamerica-west1 (Santiago, Chile)
us-central1 (Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA)
us-east1 (Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA)
us-east4 (Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA)
us-east5 (Columbus, Ohio)
us-south1 (Dallas, Texas)
us-west1 (The Dalles, Oregon, USA)
us-west2 (Los Angeles, California, USA)
us-west3 (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA)
us-west4 (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)

Note

To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.

12.4.6. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.
You created a service account and granted it the required permissions.

Procedure

Install the following binaries in $PATH:
- gcloud
- gsutil
See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation.
Authenticate using the gcloud tool with your configured service account.
See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation.

12.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure

For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.

12.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation

The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:

Table 12.5. Minimum required hosts
Hosts	Description
One temporary bootstrap machine	The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster.
Three control plane machines	The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane.
At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines.	The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines.

Important

To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.

Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

12.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 12.6. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

12.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 12.1. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

12.5.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

12.6. Configuring the GCP project that hosts your shared VPC network

If you use a shared Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), you must configure the project that hosts it.

Note

If you already have a project that hosts the shared VPC network, review this section to ensure that the project meets all of the requirements to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Procedure

Create a project to host the shared VPC for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
Create a service account in the project that hosts your shared VPC. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the Owner role to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.
Note
While making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
The service account for the project that hosts the shared VPC network requires the following roles:
- Compute Network User
- Compute Security Admin
- Deployment Manager Editor
- DNS Administrator
- Security Admin
- Network Management Admin

12.6.1. Configuring DNS for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the project that hosts the shared VPC that you install the cluster into. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
Note
If you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.
Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.

12.6.2. Creating a VPC in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as 01_vpc.py on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.
Export the following variables required by the resource definition:
1. Export the control plane CIDR:
```
$ export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17'
```
2. Export the compute CIDR:
```
$ export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17'
```
3. Export the region to deploy the VPC network and cluster to:
```
$ export REGION='<region>'
```
Export the variable for the ID of the project that hosts the shared VPC:
```
$ export HOST_PROJECT=<host_project>
```
Export the variable for the email of the service account that belongs to host project:
```
$ export HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT=<host_service_account_email>
```
Create a 01_vpc.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml
imports:
- path: 01_vpc.py

resources:
- name: cluster-vpc
  type: 01_vpc.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '<prefix>' 1
    region: '${REGION}' 2
    master_subnet_cidr: '${MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3
    worker_subnet_cidr: '${WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the prefix of the network name.
2
region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
3
master_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the master subnet, for example 10.0.0.0/17.
4
worker_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the worker subnet, for example 10.0.128.0/17.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create <vpc_deployment_name> --config 01_vpc.yaml --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} 1

1: For <vpc_deployment_name>, specify the name of the VPC to deploy.

Export the VPC variable that other components require:
1. Export the name of the host project network:
```
$ export HOST_PROJECT_NETWORK=<vpc_network>
```
2. Export the name of the host project control plane subnet:
```
$ export HOST_PROJECT_CONTROL_SUBNET=<control_plane_subnet>
```
3. Export the name of the host project compute subnet:
```
$ export HOST_PROJECT_COMPUTE_SUBNET=<compute_subnet>
```
Set up the shared VPC. See Setting up Shared VPC in the GCP documentation.

12.6.2.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.2. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network',
        'type': 'compute.v1.network',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'autoCreateSubnetworks': False
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet',
        'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet',
        'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router',
        'type': 'compute.v1.router',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'nats': [{
                'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master',
                'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
                'minPortsPerVm': 7168,
                'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
                'subnetworks': [{
                    'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)',
                    'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
                }]
            }, {
                'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker',
                'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
                'minPortsPerVm': 512,
                'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
                'subnetworks': [{
                    'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)',
                    'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
                }]
            }]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.7. Creating the installation files for GCP

12.7.1. Manually creating the installation configuration file

Installing the cluster requires that you manually create the installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:
```
$ mkdir <installation_directory>
```
Important
You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.
Note
You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

12.7.2. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

12.7.3. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

12.7.4. Sample customized `install-config.yaml` file for GCP

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 1
controlPlane: 2
  hyperthreading: Enabled 3 4
  name: master
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      tags: 5
      - control-plane-tag1
      - control-plane-tag2
  replicas: 3
compute: 6
- hyperthreading: Enabled 7
  name: worker
  platform:
    gcp:
      type: n2-standard-4
      zones:
      - us-central1-a
      - us-central1-c
      tags: 8
      - compute-tag1
      - compute-tag2
  replicas: 0
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 9
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      tags: 10
      - global-tag1
      - global-tag2
    projectID: openshift-production 11
    region: us-central1 12
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
fips: false 13
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 14
publish: Internal 15

1: Specify the public DNS on the host project.
2 6: If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
3 7: The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Although both sections currently define a single machine pool, it is possible that future versions of OpenShift Container Platform will support defining multiple compute pools during installation. Only one control plane pool is used.
4: Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
Important
If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.
5 8 10: Optional: A set of network tags to apply to the control plane or compute machine sets. The platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter applies to both control plane and compute machines. If the compute.platform.gcp.tags or controlPlane.platform.gcp.tags parameters are set, they override the platform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.tags parameter.
9: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are OVNKubernetes and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
11: Specify the main project where the VM instances reside.
12: Specify the region that your VPC network is in.
13: Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled.
Important
OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2. RHEL 9.2 cryptographic modules have not yet been submitted for FIPS validation. For more information, see "About this release" in the 4.13 OpenShift Container Platform Release Notes.
14: You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
15: How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set publish to Internal to deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value is External. To use a shared VPC in a cluster that uses infrastructure that you provision, you must set publish to Internal. The installation program will no longer be able to access the public DNS zone for the base domain in the host project.

12.7.5. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

12.7.6. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Important

The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
```
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set:

$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
```
Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:
1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.
3. Save and exit the file.

Remove the privateZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:

apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: DNS
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  baseDomain: example.openshift.com
  privateZone: 1
    id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
status: {}

1: Remove this section completely.

Configure the cloud provider for your VPC.
1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cloud-provider-config.yaml file.
2. Add the network-project-id parameter and set its value to the ID of project that hosts the shared VPC network.
3. Add the network-name parameter and set its value to the name of the shared VPC network that hosts the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
4. Replace the value of the subnetwork-name parameter with the value of the shared VPC subnet that hosts your compute machines.
The contents of the <installation_directory>/manifests/cloud-provider-config.yaml resemble the following example:
```
config: |+
  [global]
  project-id      = example-project
  regional        = true
  multizone       = true
  node-tags       = opensh-ptzzx-master
  node-tags       = opensh-ptzzx-worker
  node-instance-prefix = opensh-ptzzx
  external-instance-groups-prefix = opensh-ptzzx
  network-project-id = example-shared-vpc
  network-name    = example-network
  subnetwork-name = example-worker-subnet
```

If you deploy a cluster that is not on a private network, open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml file and replace the value of the scope parameter with External. The contents of the file resemble the following example:

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: IngressController
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: default
  namespace: openshift-ingress-operator
spec:
  endpointPublishingStrategy:
    loadBalancer:
      scope: External
    type: LoadBalancerService
status:
  availableReplicas: 0
  domain: ''
  selector: ''

To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
```
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.
Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:
```
.
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign
```

12.8. Exporting common variables

12.8.1. Extracting the infrastructure name

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
You installed the jq package.

Procedure

To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command:
```
$ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
```
openshift-vw9j6 1
```
1
The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.

12.8.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates

Note

Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Install the jq package.

Procedure

Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates:

$ export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>' 1
$ export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>' 2
$ export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16'

$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 3
$ export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`

1 2: Supply the values for the host project.
3: For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

12.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.

12.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP

Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation.

12.9.2. Network connectivity requirements

This section provides details about the ports that are required.

Important

In connected OpenShift Container Platform environments, all nodes are required to have internet access to pull images for platform containers and provide telemetry data to Red Hat.

Table 12.7. Ports used for all-machine to all-machine communications
Protocol	Port	Description
ICMP	N/A	Network reachability tests
TCP	`1936`	Metrics
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101` and the Cluster Version Operator on port `9099`.
	`10250`-`10259`	The default ports that Kubernetes reserves
	`10256`	openshift-sdn
UDP	`4789`	VXLAN
	`6081`	Geneve
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101`.
	`500`	IPsec IKE packets
	`4500`	IPsec NAT-T packets
	`123`	Network Time Protocol (NTP) on UDP port `123` If an external NTP time server is configured, you must open UDP port `123`.
TCP/UDP	`30000`-`32767`	Kubernetes node port
ESP	N/A	IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

Table 12.8. Ports used for all-machine to control plane communications
Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`6443`	Kubernetes API

Table 12.9. Ports used for control plane machine to control plane machine communications
Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`2379`-`2380`	etcd server and peer ports

12.10. Creating load balancers in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_int.py on your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires.
For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_ext.py on your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

Export the variables that the deployment template uses:

Export the cluster network location:

$ export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe ${HOST_PROJECT_NETWORK} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the control plane subnet location:

$ export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${HOST_PROJECT_CONTROL_SUBNET} --region=${REGION} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the three zones that the cluster uses:

$ export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[0] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

$ export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[1] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

$ export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[2] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

Create a 02_infra.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml
imports:
- path: 02_lb_ext.py
- path: 02_lb_int.py 1
resources:
- name: cluster-lb-ext 2
  type: 02_lb_ext.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 3
    region: '${REGION}' 4
- name: cluster-lb-int
  type: 02_lb_int.py
  properties:
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}'
    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}'
    region: '${REGION}'
    zones: 6
    - '${ZONE_0}'
    - '${ZONE_1}'
    - '${ZONE_2}'
EOF

1 2: Required only when deploying an external cluster.
3: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
4: region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
5: control_subnet is the URI to the control subnet.
6: zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, like us-east1-b, us-east1-c, and us-east1-d.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yaml

Export the cluster IP address:

$ export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)

For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address:

$ export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)

12.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.3. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region']
        }
    }, {
        # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check',
        'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck',
        'properties': {
            'port': 6080,
            'requestPath': '/readyz'
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool',
        'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'],
            'instances': []
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule',
        'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)',
            'target': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)',
            'portRange': '6443'
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.4. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    backends = []
    for zone in context.properties['zones']:
        backends.append({
            'group': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)'
        })

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'addressType': 'INTERNAL',
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
        }
    }, {
        # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check',
        'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck',
        'properties': {
            'httpsHealthCheck': {
                'port': 6443,
                'requestPath': '/readyz'
            },
            'type': "HTTPS"
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service',
        'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService',
        'properties': {
            'backends': backends,
            'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'],
            'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'protocol': 'TCP',
            'timeoutSec': 120
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule',
        'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
        'properties': {
            'backendService': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service.selfLink)',
            'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)',
            'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
            'ports': ['6443','22623'],
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
        }
    }]

    for zone in context.properties['zones']:
        resources.append({
            'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig',
            'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
            'properties': {
                'namedPorts': [
                    {
                        'name': 'ignition',
                        'port': 22623
                    }, {
                        'name': 'https',
                        'port': 6443
                    }
                ],
                'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
                'zone': zone
            }
        })

    return {'resources': resources}

You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster.

12.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as 02_dns.py on your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires.

Create a 02_dns.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml
imports:
- path: 02_dns.py

resources:
- name: cluster-dns
  type: 02_dns.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    cluster_domain: '${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}' 2
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3
EOF

1: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2: cluster_domain is the domain for the cluster, for example openshift.example.com.
3: cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yaml --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}

The templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:

Add the internal DNS entries:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}

For an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}

12.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.5. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone',
        'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone',
        'properties': {
            'description': '',
            'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.',
            'visibility': 'private',
            'privateVisibilityConfig': {
                'networks': [{
                    'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network']
                }]
            }
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as 03_firewall.py on your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires.
Create a 03_firewall.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml
imports:
- path: 03_firewall.py

resources:
- name: cluster-firewall
  type: 03_firewall.py
  properties:
    allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3
    network_cidr: '${NETWORK_CIDR}' 4
EOF
```
1
allowed_external_cidr is the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to ${NETWORK_CIDR}.
2
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
3
cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.
4
network_cidr is the CIDR of the VPC network, for example 10.0.0.0/16.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}

12.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.6. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['6443']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['2379-2380']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10257']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10259']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22623']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'icmp'
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['4789', '6081']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['500', '4500']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'esp',
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['9000-9999']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['9000-9999']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10250']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['30000-32767']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['30000-32767']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ],
            'targetTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.13. Creating IAM roles in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for IAM roles section of this topic and save it as 03_iam.py on your computer. This template describes the IAM roles that your cluster requires.

Create a 03_iam.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >03_iam.yaml
imports:
- path: 03_iam.py
resources:
- name: cluster-iam
  type: 03_iam.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
EOF

1: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-iam --config 03_iam.yaml

Export the variable for the master service account:

$ export MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-m@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the variable for the worker service account:

$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Assign the permissions that the installation program requires to the service accounts for the subnets that host the control plane and compute subnets:

Grant the networkViewer role of the project that hosts your shared VPC to the master service account:

$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} projects add-iam-policy-binding ${HOST_PROJECT} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkViewer"

Grant the networkUser role to the master service account for the control plane subnet:

$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} compute networks subnets add-iam-policy-binding "${HOST_PROJECT_CONTROL_SUBNET}" --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkUser" --region ${REGION}

Grant the networkUser role to the worker service account for the control plane subnet:

$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} compute networks subnets add-iam-policy-binding "${HOST_PROJECT_CONTROL_SUBNET}" --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkUser" --region ${REGION}

Grant the networkUser role to the master service account for the compute subnet:

$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} compute networks subnets add-iam-policy-binding "${HOST_PROJECT_COMPUTE_SUBNET}" --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkUser" --region ${REGION}

Grant the networkUser role to the worker service account for the compute subnet:

$ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} compute networks subnets add-iam-policy-binding "${HOST_PROJECT_COMPUTE_SUBNET}" --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkUser" --region ${REGION}

The templates do not create the policy bindings due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.instanceAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.securityAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/iam.serviceAccountUser"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin"

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.viewer"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin"

Create a service account key and store it locally for later use:

$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create service-account-key.json --iam-account=${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}

12.13.1. Deployment Manager template for IAM roles

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the IAM roles that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.7. 03_iam.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node-sa',
        'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount',
        'properties': {
            'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-m',
            'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node'
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node-sa',
        'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount',
        'properties': {
            'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-w',
            'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node'
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure

You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

Procedure

Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page.
Important
The RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.
The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz.
Create the Google storage bucket:
```
$ gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>
```

Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket:

$ gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz  gs://<bucket_name>

Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable:

$ export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz

Create the cluster image:

$ gcloud compute images create "${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \
    --source-uri="${IMAGE_SOURCE}"

12.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Ensure pyOpenSSL is installed.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.py on your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires:

$ export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe ${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Create a bucket and upload the bootstrap.ign file:

$ gsutil mb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition

$ gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/

Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable:

$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign | grep "^gs:" | awk '{print $5}'`

Create a 04_bootstrap.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml
imports:
- path: 04_bootstrap.py

resources:
- name: cluster-bootstrap
  type: 04_bootstrap.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    region: '${REGION}' 2
    zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3

    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4
    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7
    root_volume_size: '128' 8

    bootstrap_ign: '${BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
3
zone is the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for example us-central1-b.
4
cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.
5
control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet.
6
image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image.
7
machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
8
root_volume_size is the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine.
9
bootstrap_ign is the URL output when creating a signed URL.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yaml

Add the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group:

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

Add the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service:

$ gcloud compute backend-services add-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}

12.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.8. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}',
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'],
                'accessConfigs': [{
                    'natIP': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)'
                }]
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
        'properties': {
            'namedPorts': [
                {
                    'name': 'ignition',
                    'port': 22623
                }, {
                    'name': 'https',
                    'port': 6443
                }
            ],
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP

You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as 05_control_plane.py on your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires.

Export the following variable required by the resource definition:

$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`

Create a 05_control_plane.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml
imports:
- path: 05_control_plane.py

resources:
- name: cluster-control-plane
  type: 05_control_plane.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    zones: 2
    - '${ZONE_0}'
    - '${ZONE_1}'
    - '${ZONE_2}'

    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6

    ignition: '${MASTER_IGNITION}' 7
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for example us-central1-a, us-central1-b, and us-central1-c.
3
control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet.
4
image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image.
5
machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
6
service_account_email is the email address for the master service account that you created.
7
ignition is the contents of the master.ign file.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yaml

The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually.

Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups:

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_0}-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_1}-ig --zone=${ZONE_1} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_2}-ig --zone=${ZONE_2} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2

For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools:

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_0}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_1}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_2}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2

12.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.9. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][0]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][1]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][2]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your production control plane has initialized.

Delete the bootstrap resources:

$ gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}

$ gsutil rm gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign

$ gsutil rb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

12.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP

In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as 06_worker.py on your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires.

Export the variables that the resource definition uses.

Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines:

$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${HOST_PROJECT_COMPUTE_SUBNET} --region=${REGION} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the email address for your service account:

$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file:

$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`

Create a 06_worker.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml
imports:
- path: 06_worker.py

resources:
- name: 'worker-0' 1
  type: 06_worker.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2
    zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3
    compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7
    ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 8
- name: 'worker-1'
  type: 06_worker.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 9
    zone: '${ZONE_1}' 10
    compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14
    ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 15
EOF

1: name is the name of the worker machine, for example worker-0.
2 9: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
3 10: zone is the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for example us-central1-a.
4 11: compute_subnet is the selfLink URL to the compute subnet.
5 12: image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image. ¹
6 13: machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
7 14: service_account_email is the email address for the worker service account that you created.
8 15: ignition is the contents of the worker.ign file.

Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type 06_worker.py in your 06_worker.yaml resource definition file.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml

To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use:
- OpenShift Container Platform: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-413-x86-64-202305021736
- OpenShift Platform Plus: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-413-x86-64-202305021736
- OpenShift Kubernetes Engine: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-413-x86-64-202305021736

12.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 12.10. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'],
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

12.19. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Download and install the new version of oc.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.13 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.13 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

12.20. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

12.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
```
$ oc get nodes
```
Example output
```
NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.26.0
```
The output lists all of the machines that you created.
Note
The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.
Note
For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve
```
  Note
  Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.

Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command:

$ oc get nodes

Example output

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.26.0
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0

Note

It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status.

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

12.22. Adding the ingress DNS records

DNS zone configuration is removed when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs. You must manually create DNS records that point at the ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard *.apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records. You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements.

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.
Create the worker machines.

Procedure

Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the EXTERNAL-IP field:

$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default

Example output

NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                      AGE
router-default   LoadBalancer   172.30.18.154   35.233.157.184   80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP   98

Add the A record to your zones:

To use A records:

Export the variable for the router IP address:

$ export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`

Add the A record to the private zones:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}

For an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}

To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:

$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes

Example output

oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com

12.23. Adding ingress firewall rules

The cluster requires several firewall rules. If you do not use a shared VPC, these rules are created by the Ingress Controller via the GCP cloud provider. When you use a shared VPC, you can either create cluster-wide firewall rules for all services now or create each rule based on events, when the cluster requests access. By creating each rule when the cluster requests access, you know exactly which firewall rules are required. By creating cluster-wide firewall rules, you can apply the same rule set across multiple clusters.

If you choose to create each rule based on events, you must create firewall rules after you provision the cluster and during the life of the cluster when the console notifies you that rules are missing. Events that are similar to the following event are displayed, and you must add the firewall rules that are required:

$ oc get events -n openshift-ingress --field-selector="reason=LoadBalancerManualChange"

Example output

Firewall change required by security admin: `gcloud compute firewall-rules create k8s-fw-a26e631036a3f46cba28f8df67266d55 --network example-network --description "{\"kubernetes.io/service-name\":\"openshift-ingress/router-default\", \"kubernetes.io/service-ip\":\"35.237.236.234\"}\" --allow tcp:443,tcp:80 --source-ranges 0.0.0.0/0 --target-tags exampl-fqzq7-master,exampl-fqzq7-worker --project example-project`

If you encounter issues when creating these rule-based events, you can configure the cluster-wide firewall rules while your cluster is running.

12.23.1. Creating cluster-wide firewall rules for a shared VPC in GCP

You can create cluster-wide firewall rules to allow the access that the OpenShift Container Platform cluster requires.

Warning

If you do not choose to create firewall rules based on cluster events, you must create cluster-wide firewall rules.

Prerequisites

You exported the variables that the Deployment Manager templates require to deploy your cluster.
You created the networking and load balancing components in GCP that your cluster requires.

Procedure

Add a single firewall rule to allow the Google Cloud Engine health checks to access all of the services. This rule enables the ingress load balancers to determine the health status of their instances.

$ gcloud compute firewall-rules create --allow='tcp:30000-32767,udp:30000-32767' --network="${CLUSTER_NETWORK}" --source-ranges='130.211.0.0/22,35.191.0.0/16,209.85.152.0/22,209.85.204.0/22' --target-tags="${INFRA_ID}-master,${INFRA_ID}-worker" ${INFRA_ID}-ingress-hc --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT}

Add a single firewall rule to allow access to all cluster services:

For an external cluster:

$ gcloud compute firewall-rules create --allow='tcp:80,tcp:443' --network="${CLUSTER_NETWORK}" --source-ranges="0.0.0.0/0" --target-tags="${INFRA_ID}-master,${INFRA_ID}-worker" ${INFRA_ID}-ingress --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT}

For a private cluster:

$ gcloud compute firewall-rules create --allow='tcp:80,tcp:443' --network="${CLUSTER_NETWORK}" --source-ranges=${NETWORK_CIDR} --target-tags="${INFRA_ID}-master,${INFRA_ID}-worker" ${INFRA_ID}-ingress --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT}

Because this rule only allows traffic on TCP ports 80 and 443, ensure that you add all the ports that your services use.

12.24. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure

After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready.

Prerequisites

Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned GCP infrastructure.
Install the oc CLI and log in.

Procedure

Complete the cluster installation:
```
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1
```
Example output
```
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Important
- The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
- It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Observe the running state of your cluster.

Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status:

$ oc get clusterversion

Example output

NAME      VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   SINCE   STATUS
version             False       True          24m     Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete

Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):

$ oc get clusteroperators

Example output

NAME                                       VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   DEGRADED   SINCE
authentication                             4.5.4     True        False         False      7m56s
cloud-credential                           4.5.4     True        False         False      31m
cluster-autoscaler                         4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
console                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      10m
csi-snapshot-controller                    4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
dns                                        4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
etcd                                       4.5.4     False       False         False      25s
image-registry                             4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
ingress                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
insights                                   4.5.4     True        False         False      17m
kube-apiserver                             4.5.4     True        False         False      19m
kube-controller-manager                    4.5.4     True        False         False      20m
kube-scheduler                             4.5.4     True        False         False      20m
kube-storage-version-migrator              4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
machine-api                                4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
machine-config                             4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
marketplace                                4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
monitoring                                 4.5.4     True        False         False      10m
network                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
node-tuning                                4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
openshift-apiserver                        4.5.4     True        False         False      17m
openshift-controller-manager               4.5.4     True        False         False      15m
openshift-samples                          4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
operator-lifecycle-manager                 4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog         4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver   4.5.4     True        False         False      18m
service-ca                                 4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
service-catalog-apiserver                  4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
service-catalog-controller-manager         4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
storage                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      17m

Run the following command to view your cluster pods:

$ oc get pods --all-namespaces

Example output

NAMESPACE                                               NAME                                                                READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal                1/1       Running     0          35m
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal                1/1       Running     0          37m
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal                 1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-apiserver-operator                            openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t                       1/1       Running     1          37m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-fm48r                                                     1/1       Running     0          30m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-fxkvv                                                     1/1       Running     0          29m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-q85nm                                                     1/1       Running     0          29m
...
openshift-service-ca-operator                           openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257                      1/1       Running     0          37m
openshift-service-ca                                    apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm                        1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-ca                                    configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6                         1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-ca                                    service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn                         1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator            openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w       1/1       Running     0          32m
openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator   openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm     1/1       Running     0          31m

When the current cluster version is AVAILABLE, the installation is complete.

12.25. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

12.26. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.

Chapter 13. Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide and an internal mirror of the installation release content.

Important

While you can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using mirrored installation release content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the GCP APIs.

Important

13.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You created a registry on your mirror host and obtained the imageContentSources data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.
Important
Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to. While you might need to grant access to more sites, you must grant access to *.googleapis.com and accounts.google.com.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

13.2. About installations in restricted networks

Important

Because of the complexity of the configuration for user-provisioned installations, consider completing a standard user-provisioned infrastructure installation before you attempt a restricted network installation using user-provisioned infrastructure. Completing this test installation might make it easier to isolate and troubleshoot any issues that might arise during your installation in a restricted network.

13.2.1. Additional limits

Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:

The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error.
By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.

13.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

13.4. Configuring your GCP project

Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.

13.4.1. Creating a GCP project

To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.

Procedure

Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
Important
Your GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.

13.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP

Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Table 13.1. Required API services
API service	Console service name
Compute Engine API	`compute.googleapis.com`
Cloud Resource Manager API	`cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com`
Google DNS API	`dns.googleapis.com`
IAM Service Account Credentials API	`iamcredentials.googleapis.com`
Identity and Access Management (IAM) API	`iam.googleapis.com`
Service Usage API	`serviceusage.googleapis.com`

Table 13.2. Optional API services
API service	Console service name
Google Cloud APIs	`cloudapis.googleapis.com`
Service Management API	`servicemanagement.googleapis.com`
Google Cloud Storage JSON API	`storage-api.googleapis.com`
Cloud Storage	`storage-component.googleapis.com`

13.4.3. Configuring DNS for GCP

Procedure

Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
Note
If you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.
Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.

13.4.4. GCP account limits

Table 13.3. GCP resources used in a default cluster
Service	Component	Location	Total resources required	Resources removed after bootstrap
Service account	IAM	Global	6	1
Firewall rules	Networking	Global	11	1
Forwarding rules	Compute	Global	2	0
Health checks	Compute	Global	2	0
Images	Compute	Global	1	0
Networks	Networking	Global	1	0
Routers	Networking	Global	1	0
Routes	Networking	Global	2	0
Subnetworks	Compute	Global	2	0
Target pools	Networking	Global	2	0

Note

If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.

If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:

asia-east2
asia-northeast2
asia-south1
australia-southeast1
europe-north1
europe-west2
europe-west3
europe-west6
northamerica-northeast1
southamerica-east1
us-west2

13.4.5. Creating a service account in GCP

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.

Procedure

Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the Owner role to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.
Note
While making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
You can create the service account key in JSON format, or attach the service account to a GCP virtual machine. See Creating service account keys and Creating and enabling service accounts for instances in the GCP documentation.
You must have a service account key or a virtual machine with an attached service account to create the cluster.
Note
If you use a virtual machine with an attached service account to create your cluster, you must set credentialsMode: Manual in the install-config.yaml file before installation.

13.4.6. Required GCP roles

Important

If you configure the Cloud Credential Operator to operate in passthrough mode, you must use roles rather than granular permissions.

If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:

Required roles for the installation program

Compute Admin
IAM Security Admin
Service Account Admin
Service Account Key Admin
Service Account User
Storage Admin

Required roles for creating network resources during installation

DNS Administrator

Required roles for using passthrough credentials mode

Compute Load Balancer Admin
IAM Role Viewer

Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure

Deployment Manager Editor

The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:

Table 13.4. GCP service account permissions
Account	Roles
Control Plane	`roles/compute.instanceAdmin`
	`roles/compute.networkAdmin`
	`roles/compute.securityAdmin`
	`roles/storage.admin`
	`roles/iam.serviceAccountUser`
Compute	`roles/compute.viewer`
Compute	`roles/storage.admin`

13.4.7. Required GCP permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure

When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform.

If the security policies for your organization require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the user-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Important

Example 13.1. Required permissions for creating network resources

compute.addresses.create
compute.addresses.createInternal
compute.addresses.delete
compute.addresses.get
compute.addresses.list
compute.addresses.use
compute.addresses.useInternal
compute.firewalls.create
compute.firewalls.delete
compute.firewalls.get
compute.firewalls.list
compute.forwardingRules.create
compute.forwardingRules.get
compute.forwardingRules.list
compute.forwardingRules.setLabels
compute.networks.create
compute.networks.get
compute.networks.list
compute.networks.updatePolicy
compute.routers.create
compute.routers.get
compute.routers.list
compute.routers.update
compute.routes.list
compute.subnetworks.create
compute.subnetworks.get
compute.subnetworks.list
compute.subnetworks.use
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp

Example 13.2. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources

compute.regionBackendServices.create
compute.regionBackendServices.get
compute.regionBackendServices.list
compute.regionBackendServices.update
compute.regionBackendServices.use
compute.targetPools.addInstance
compute.targetPools.create
compute.targetPools.get
compute.targetPools.list
compute.targetPools.removeInstance
compute.targetPools.use

Example 13.3. Required permissions for creating DNS resources

dns.changes.create
dns.changes.get
dns.managedZones.create
dns.managedZones.get
dns.managedZones.list
dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone
dns.resourceRecordSets.create
dns.resourceRecordSets.list
dns.resourceRecordSets.update

Example 13.4. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources

iam.serviceAccountKeys.create
iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete
iam.serviceAccountKeys.get
iam.serviceAccountKeys.list
iam.serviceAccounts.actAs
iam.serviceAccounts.create
iam.serviceAccounts.delete
iam.serviceAccounts.get
iam.serviceAccounts.list
resourcemanager.projects.get
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

Example 13.5. Required permissions for creating compute resources

compute.disks.create
compute.disks.get
compute.disks.list
compute.instanceGroups.create
compute.instanceGroups.delete
compute.instanceGroups.get
compute.instanceGroups.list
compute.instanceGroups.update
compute.instanceGroups.use
compute.instances.create
compute.instances.delete
compute.instances.get
compute.instances.list
compute.instances.setLabels
compute.instances.setMetadata
compute.instances.setServiceAccount
compute.instances.setTags
compute.instances.use
compute.machineTypes.get
compute.machineTypes.list

Example 13.6. Required for creating storage resources

storage.buckets.create
storage.buckets.delete
storage.buckets.get
storage.buckets.list
storage.objects.create
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.get
storage.objects.list

Example 13.7. Required permissions for creating health check resources

compute.healthChecks.create
compute.healthChecks.get
compute.healthChecks.list
compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly
compute.httpHealthChecks.create
compute.httpHealthChecks.get
compute.httpHealthChecks.list
compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly

Example 13.8. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information

compute.globalOperations.get
compute.regionOperations.get
compute.regions.list
compute.zoneOperations.get
compute.zones.get
compute.zones.list

Example 13.9. Required permissions for checking services and quotas

monitoring.timeSeries.list
serviceusage.quotas.get
serviceusage.services.list

Example 13.10. Required IAM permissions for installation

iam.roles.get

Example 13.11. Required Images permissions for installation

compute.images.create
compute.images.delete
compute.images.get
compute.images.list

Example 13.12. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap

compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput

Example 13.13. Required permissions for deleting network resources

compute.addresses.delete
compute.addresses.deleteInternal
compute.addresses.list
compute.firewalls.delete
compute.firewalls.list
compute.forwardingRules.delete
compute.forwardingRules.list
compute.networks.delete
compute.networks.list
compute.networks.updatePolicy
compute.routers.delete
compute.routers.list
compute.routes.list
compute.subnetworks.delete
compute.subnetworks.list

Example 13.14. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources

compute.regionBackendServices.delete
compute.regionBackendServices.list
compute.targetPools.delete
compute.targetPools.list

Example 13.15. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources

dns.changes.create
dns.managedZones.delete
dns.managedZones.get
dns.managedZones.list
dns.resourceRecordSets.delete
dns.resourceRecordSets.list

Example 13.16. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources

iam.serviceAccounts.delete
iam.serviceAccounts.get
iam.serviceAccounts.list
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

Example 13.17. Required permissions for deleting compute resources

compute.disks.delete
compute.disks.list
compute.instanceGroups.delete
compute.instanceGroups.list
compute.instances.delete
compute.instances.list
compute.instances.stop
compute.machineTypes.list

Example 13.18. Required for deleting storage resources

storage.buckets.delete
storage.buckets.getIamPolicy
storage.buckets.list
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.list

Example 13.19. Required permissions for deleting health check resources

compute.healthChecks.delete
compute.healthChecks.list
compute.httpHealthChecks.delete
compute.httpHealthChecks.list

Example 13.20. Required Images permissions for deletion

compute.images.delete
compute.images.list

Example 13.21. Required permissions to get Region related information

compute.regions.get

Example 13.22. Required Deployment Manager permissions

deploymentmanager.deployments.create
deploymentmanager.deployments.delete
deploymentmanager.deployments.get
deploymentmanager.deployments.list
deploymentmanager.manifests.get
deploymentmanager.operations.get
deploymentmanager.resources.list

Additional resources

Optimizing storage

13.4.8. Supported GCP regions

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:

asia-east1 (Changhua County, Taiwan)
asia-east2 (Hong Kong)
asia-northeast1 (Tokyo, Japan)
asia-northeast2 (Osaka, Japan)
asia-northeast3 (Seoul, South Korea)
asia-south1 (Mumbai, India)
asia-south2 (Delhi, India)
asia-southeast1 (Jurong West, Singapore)
asia-southeast2 (Jakarta, Indonesia)
australia-southeast1 (Sydney, Australia)
australia-southeast2 (Melbourne, Australia)
europe-central2 (Warsaw, Poland)
europe-north1 (Hamina, Finland)
europe-southwest1 (Madrid, Spain)
europe-west1 (St. Ghislain, Belgium)
europe-west2 (London, England, UK)
europe-west3 (Frankfurt, Germany)
europe-west4 (Eemshaven, Netherlands)
europe-west6 (Zürich, Switzerland)
europe-west8 (Milan, Italy)
europe-west9 (Paris, France)
europe-west12 (Turin, Italy)
me-central1 (Doha, Qatar, Middle East)
me-west1 (Tel Aviv, Israel)
northamerica-northeast1 (Montréal, Québec, Canada)
northamerica-northeast2 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
southamerica-east1 (São Paulo, Brazil)
southamerica-west1 (Santiago, Chile)
us-central1 (Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA)
us-east1 (Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA)
us-east4 (Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA)
us-east5 (Columbus, Ohio)
us-south1 (Dallas, Texas)
us-west1 (The Dalles, Oregon, USA)
us-west2 (Los Angeles, California, USA)
us-west3 (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA)
us-west4 (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)

Note

To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.

13.4.9. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP.

Prerequisites

You created a project to host your cluster.
You created a service account and granted it the required permissions.

Procedure

Install the following binaries in $PATH:
- gcloud
- gsutil
See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation.
Authenticate using the gcloud tool with your configured service account.
See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation.

13.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure

For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.

13.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation

The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:

Table 13.5. Minimum required hosts
Hosts	Description
One temporary bootstrap machine	The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster.
Three control plane machines	The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane.
At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines.	The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines.

Important

To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.

Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

13.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Table 13.6. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA
s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see RHEL Architectures.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

13.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP

The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Example 13.23. Machine series

A2
A3
C2
C2D
C3
C3D
C4
E2
M1
N1
N2
N2D
N4
Tau T2D

13.5.4. Using custom machine types

Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.

Consider the following when using a custom machine type:

Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>
For example, custom-6-20480.

13.6. Creating the installation files for GCP

13.6.1. Optional: Creating a separate `/var` partition

OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

/var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.
/var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.
/var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Important

Procedure

Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files:
```
$ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
```

Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:

$ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig

Example output

? SSH Public Key ...
INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift

Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory:

$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/

Example output

99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
...

Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition:
```
variant: openshift
version: 4.13.0
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
  name: 98-var-partition
storage:
  disks:
  - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name> 1
    partitions:
    - label: var
      start_mib: <partition_start_offset> 2
      size_mib: <partition_size> 3
      number: 5
  filesystems:
    - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
      path: /var
      format: xfs
      mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] 4
      with_mount_unit: true
```
1
The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
2
When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
3
The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
4
The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.
Note
When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.
Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command:
```
$ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
```

Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories:

$ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.

13.6.2. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
Have the imageContentSources values that were generated during mirror registry creation.
Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select gcp as the platform to target.
  3. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
  4. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
  5. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
  7. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Edit the install-config.yaml file to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.
1. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry:
```
pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
```
  For <mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.
2. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value.
```
additionalTrustBundle: |
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
```
  The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
3. Define the network and subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in under the parent platform.gcp field:
```
network: <existing_vpc>
controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet>
computeSubnet: <compute_subnet>
```
  For platform.gcp.network, specify the name for the existing Google VPC. For platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet and platform.gcp.computeSubnet, specify the existing subnets to deploy the control plane machines and compute machines, respectively.
4. Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:
```
imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
```
  For these values, use the imageContentSources that you recorded during mirror registry creation.
Make any other modifications to the install-config.yaml file that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

13.6.3. Enabling Shielded VMs

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
2. To use shielded VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```
3. To use shielded VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       secureBoot: Enabled
```

13.6.4. Enabling Confidential VMs

Important

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Important

Prerequisites

You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas:
1. To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines:
```
controlPlane:
  platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled 1
       type: n2d-standard-8 2
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3
```
  1
  Enable confidential VMs.
  2
  Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types.
  3
  Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate, which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration.
2. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines:
```
compute:
- platform:
    gcp:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```
3. To use confidential VMs for all machines:
```
platform:
  gcp:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
       confidentialCompute: Enabled
       type: n2d-standard-8
       onHostMaintenance: Terminate
```

13.6.5. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

13.6.6. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Important

The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
```
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set:

$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
```
Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:
1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.
3. Save and exit the file.
Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:
```
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: DNS
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  baseDomain: example.openshift.com
  privateZone: 1
    id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
  publicZone: 2
    id: example.openshift.com
status: {}
```
1 2
Remove this section completely.
If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.
To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
```
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.
Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:
```
.
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign
```

Additional resources

Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records

13.7. Exporting common variables

13.7.1. Extracting the infrastructure name

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
You installed the jq package.

Procedure

To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command:
```
$ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
```
openshift-vw9j6 1
```
1
The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.

13.7.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates

Note

Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Install the jq package.

Procedure

Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates:

$ export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>'
$ export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>'
$ export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16'
$ export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17'
$ export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17'

$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
$ export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
$ export REGION=`jq -r .gcp.region <installation_directory>/metadata.json`

1: For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

13.8. Creating a VPC in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as 01_vpc.py on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.
Create a 01_vpc.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml
imports:
- path: 01_vpc.py

resources:
- name: cluster-vpc
  type: 01_vpc.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    region: '${REGION}' 2
    master_subnet_cidr: '${MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3
    worker_subnet_cidr: '${WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
3
master_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the master subnet, for example 10.0.0.0/17.
4
worker_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the worker subnet, for example 10.0.128.0/17.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-vpc --config 01_vpc.yaml

13.8.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.24. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network',
        'type': 'compute.v1.network',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'autoCreateSubnetworks': False
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet',
        'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet',
        'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router',
        'type': 'compute.v1.router',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
            'nats': [{
                'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master',
                'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
                'minPortsPerVm': 7168,
                'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
                'subnetworks': [{
                    'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)',
                    'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
                }]
            }, {
                'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker',
                'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
                'minPortsPerVm': 512,
                'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
                'subnetworks': [{
                    'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)',
                    'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
                }]
            }]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.

13.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP

Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation.

13.9.2. Network connectivity requirements

This section provides details about the ports that are required.

Table 13.7. Ports used for all-machine to all-machine communications
Protocol	Port	Description
ICMP	N/A	Network reachability tests
TCP	`1936`	Metrics
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101` and the Cluster Version Operator on port `9099`.
	`10250`-`10259`	The default ports that Kubernetes reserves
	`10256`	openshift-sdn
UDP	`4789`	VXLAN
	`6081`	Geneve
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101`.
	`500`	IPsec IKE packets
	`4500`	IPsec NAT-T packets
	`123`	Network Time Protocol (NTP) on UDP port `123` If an external NTP time server is configured, you must open UDP port `123`.
TCP/UDP	`30000`-`32767`	Kubernetes node port
ESP	N/A	IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

Table 13.8. Ports used for all-machine to control plane communications
Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`6443`	Kubernetes API

Table 13.9. Ports used for control plane machine to control plane machine communications
Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`2379`-`2380`	etcd server and peer ports

13.10. Creating load balancers in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_int.py on your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires.
For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_ext.py on your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

Export the variables that the deployment template uses:

Export the cluster network location:

$ export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe ${INFRA_ID}-network --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the control plane subnet location:

$ export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-master-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the three zones that the cluster uses:

$ export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[0] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

$ export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[1] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

$ export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[2] | cut -d "/" -f9`)

Create a 02_infra.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml
imports:
- path: 02_lb_ext.py
- path: 02_lb_int.py 1
resources:
- name: cluster-lb-ext 2
  type: 02_lb_ext.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 3
    region: '${REGION}' 4
- name: cluster-lb-int
  type: 02_lb_int.py
  properties:
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}'
    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}'
    region: '${REGION}'
    zones: 6
    - '${ZONE_0}'
    - '${ZONE_1}'
    - '${ZONE_2}'
EOF

1 2: Required only when deploying an external cluster.
3: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
4: region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
5: control_subnet is the URI to the control subnet.
6: zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, like us-east1-b, us-east1-c, and us-east1-d.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yaml

Export the cluster IP address:

$ export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)

For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address:

$ export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)

13.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.25. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region']
        }
    }, {
        # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check',
        'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck',
        'properties': {
            'port': 6080,
            'requestPath': '/readyz'
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool',
        'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'],
            'instances': []
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule',
        'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)',
            'target': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)',
            'portRange': '6443'
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.26. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    backends = []
    for zone in context.properties['zones']:
        backends.append({
            'group': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)'
        })

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'addressType': 'INTERNAL',
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
        }
    }, {
        # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check',
        'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck',
        'properties': {
            'httpsHealthCheck': {
                'port': 6443,
                'requestPath': '/readyz'
            },
            'type': "HTTPS"
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service',
        'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService',
        'properties': {
            'backends': backends,
            'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'],
            'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'protocol': 'TCP',
            'timeoutSec': 120
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule',
        'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
        'properties': {
            'backendService': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service.selfLink)',
            'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)',
            'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
            'ports': ['6443','22623'],
            'region': context.properties['region'],
            'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
        }
    }]

    for zone in context.properties['zones']:
        resources.append({
            'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig',
            'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
            'properties': {
                'namedPorts': [
                    {
                        'name': 'ignition',
                        'port': 22623
                    }, {
                        'name': 'https',
                        'port': 6443
                    }
                ],
                'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
                'zone': zone
            }
        })

    return {'resources': resources}

You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster.

13.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as 02_dns.py on your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires.

Create a 02_dns.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml
imports:
- path: 02_dns.py

resources:
- name: cluster-dns
  type: 02_dns.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    cluster_domain: '${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}' 2
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3
EOF

1: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2: cluster_domain is the domain for the cluster, for example openshift.example.com.
3: cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yaml

The templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:

Add the internal DNS entries:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone

For an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}

13.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.27. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone',
        'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone',
        'properties': {
            'description': '',
            'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.',
            'visibility': 'private',
            'privateVisibilityConfig': {
                'networks': [{
                    'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network']
                }]
            }
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as 03_firewall.py on your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires.
Create a 03_firewall.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml
imports:
- path: 03_firewall.py

resources:
- name: cluster-firewall
  type: 03_firewall.py
  properties:
    allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2
    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3
    network_cidr: '${NETWORK_CIDR}' 4
EOF
```
1
allowed_external_cidr is the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to ${NETWORK_CIDR}.
2
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
3
cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.
4
network_cidr is the CIDR of the VPC network, for example 10.0.0.0/16.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml

13.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.28. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['6443']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['2379-2380']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10257']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10259']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22623']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ],
            'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'icmp'
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['22']
            }],
            'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']],
            'targetTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster',
        'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
        'properties': {
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'allowed': [{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['4789', '6081']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['500', '4500']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'esp',
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['9000-9999']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['9000-9999']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['10250']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
                'ports': ['30000-32767']
            },{
                'IPProtocol': 'udp',
                'ports': ['30000-32767']
            }],
            'sourceTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ],
            'targetTags': [
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
            ]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.13. Creating IAM roles in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for IAM roles section of this topic and save it as 03_iam.py on your computer. This template describes the IAM roles that your cluster requires.

Create a 03_iam.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >03_iam.yaml
imports:
- path: 03_iam.py
resources:
- name: cluster-iam
  type: 03_iam.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
EOF

1: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-iam --config 03_iam.yaml

Export the variable for the master service account:

$ export MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-m@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the variable for the worker service account:

$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the variable for the subnet that hosts the compute machines:

$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

The templates do not create the policy bindings due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.instanceAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.securityAdmin"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/iam.serviceAccountUser"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin"

$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.viewer"
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin"

Create a service account key and store it locally for later use:

$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create service-account-key.json --iam-account=${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}

13.13.1. Deployment Manager template for IAM roles

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the IAM roles that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.29. 03_iam.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node-sa',
        'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount',
        'properties': {
            'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-m',
            'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node'
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node-sa',
        'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount',
        'properties': {
            'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-w',
            'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node'
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure

You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

Procedure

Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page.
Important
The RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.
The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz.
Create the Google storage bucket:
```
$ gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>
```

Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket:

$ gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz  gs://<bucket_name>

Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable:

$ export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz

Create the cluster image:

$ gcloud compute images create "${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \
    --source-uri="${IMAGE_SOURCE}"

13.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Ensure pyOpenSSL is installed.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.py on your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires:

$ export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe ${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Create a bucket and upload the bootstrap.ign file:

$ gsutil mb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition

$ gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/

Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable:

$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign | grep "^gs:" | awk '{print $5}'`

Create a 04_bootstrap.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml
imports:
- path: 04_bootstrap.py

resources:
- name: cluster-bootstrap
  type: 04_bootstrap.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    region: '${REGION}' 2
    zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3

    cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4
    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7
    root_volume_size: '128' 8

    bootstrap_ign: '${BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1.
3
zone is the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for example us-central1-b.
4
cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network.
5
control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet.
6
image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image.
7
machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
8
root_volume_size is the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine.
9
bootstrap_ign is the URL output when creating a signed URL.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yaml

The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the bootstrap machine manually.

Add the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group:

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances \
    ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

Add the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service:

$ gcloud compute backend-services add-backend \
    ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}

13.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.30. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip',
        'type': 'compute.v1.address',
        'properties': {
            'region': context.properties['region']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}',
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'],
                'accessConfigs': [{
                    'natIP': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)'
                }]
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
        'properties': {
            'namedPorts': [
                {
                    'name': 'ignition',
                    'port': 22623
                }, {
                    'name': 'https',
                    'port': 6443
                }
            ],
            'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP

You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as 05_control_plane.py on your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires.

Export the following variable required by the resource definition:

$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`

Create a 05_control_plane.yaml resource definition file:
```
$ cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml
imports:
- path: 05_control_plane.py

resources:
- name: cluster-control-plane
  type: 05_control_plane.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1
    zones: 2
    - '${ZONE_0}'
    - '${ZONE_1}'
    - '${ZONE_2}'

    control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6

    ignition: '${MASTER_IGNITION}' 7
EOF
```
1
infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
2
zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for example us-central1-a, us-central1-b, and us-central1-c.
3
control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet.
4
image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image.
5
machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
6
service_account_email is the email address for the master service account that you created.
7
ignition is the contents of the master.ign file.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yaml

The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually.

Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups:

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_0}-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_1}-ig --zone=${ZONE_1} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1

$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_2}-ig --zone=${ZONE_2} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2

For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools:

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_0}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_1}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1

$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_2}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2

13.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.31. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][0]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][1]
        }
    }, {
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2',
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zones'][2]
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your production control plane has initialized.

Delete the bootstrap resources:

$ gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}

$ gsutil rm gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign

$ gsutil rb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

13.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP

In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file.

Note

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as 06_worker.py on your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires.

Export the variables that the resource definition uses.

Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines:

$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)

Export the email address for your service account:

$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)

Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file:

$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`

Create a 06_worker.yaml resource definition file:

$ cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml
imports:
- path: 06_worker.py

resources:
- name: 'worker-0' 1
  type: 06_worker.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2
    zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3
    compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7
    ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 8
- name: 'worker-1'
  type: 06_worker.py
  properties:
    infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 9
    zone: '${ZONE_1}' 10
    compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11
    image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12
    machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13
    root_volume_size: '128'
    service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14
    ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 15
EOF

1: name is the name of the worker machine, for example worker-0.
2 9: infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step.
3 10: zone is the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for example us-central1-a.
4 11: compute_subnet is the selfLink URL to the compute subnet.
5 12: image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image. ¹
6 13: machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4.
7 14: service_account_email is the email address for the worker service account that you created.
8 15: ignition is the contents of the worker.ign file.

Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type 06_worker.py in your 06_worker.yaml resource definition file.

Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI:

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml

To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use:
- OpenShift Container Platform: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-413-x86-64-202305021736
- OpenShift Platform Plus: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-413-x86-64-202305021736
- OpenShift Kubernetes Engine: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-413-x86-64-202305021736

13.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines

You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:

Example 13.32. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template

def GenerateConfig(context):

    resources = [{
        'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'],
        'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
        'properties': {
            'disks': [{
                'autoDelete': True,
                'boot': True,
                'initializeParams': {
                    'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
                    'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
                }
            }],
            'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
            'metadata': {
                'items': [{
                    'key': 'user-data',
                    'value': context.properties['ignition']
                }]
            },
            'networkInterfaces': [{
                'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet']
            }],
            'serviceAccounts': [{
                'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
                'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
            }],
            'tags': {
                'items': [
                    context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker',
                ]
            },
            'zone': context.properties['zone']
        }
    }]

    return {'resources': resources}

13.19. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

13.20. Disabling the default OperatorHub catalog sources

Procedure

Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding disableAllDefaultSources: true to the OperatorHub object:

$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \
    -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'

Tip

13.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
```
$ oc get nodes
```
Example output
```
NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.26.0
```
The output lists all of the machines that you created.
Note
The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.
Note
For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve
```
  Note
  Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.

Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command:

$ oc get nodes

Example output

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.26.0
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0

Note

It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status.

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

13.22. Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records

Prerequisites

Configure a GCP account.
Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs.
Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
Create control plane and compute roles.
Create the bootstrap machine.
Create the control plane machines.
Create the worker machines.

Procedure

Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the EXTERNAL-IP field:

$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default

Example output

NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                      AGE
router-default   LoadBalancer   172.30.18.154   35.233.157.184   80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP   98

Add the A record to your zones:

To use A records:

Export the variable for the router IP address:

$ export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`

Add the A record to the private zones:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone

For an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones:

$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
$ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}

To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:

$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes

Example output

oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com

13.23. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure

After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready.

Prerequisites

Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned GCP infrastructure.
Install the oc CLI and log in.

Procedure

Complete the cluster installation:
```
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1
```
Example output
```
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Important
- The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
- It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Observe the running state of your cluster.

Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status:

$ oc get clusterversion

Example output

NAME      VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   SINCE   STATUS
version             False       True          24m     Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete

Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):

$ oc get clusteroperators

Example output

NAME                                       VERSION   AVAILABLE   PROGRESSING   DEGRADED   SINCE
authentication                             4.5.4     True        False         False      7m56s
cloud-credential                           4.5.4     True        False         False      31m
cluster-autoscaler                         4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
console                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      10m
csi-snapshot-controller                    4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
dns                                        4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
etcd                                       4.5.4     False       False         False      25s
image-registry                             4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
ingress                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
insights                                   4.5.4     True        False         False      17m
kube-apiserver                             4.5.4     True        False         False      19m
kube-controller-manager                    4.5.4     True        False         False      20m
kube-scheduler                             4.5.4     True        False         False      20m
kube-storage-version-migrator              4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
machine-api                                4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
machine-config                             4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
marketplace                                4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
monitoring                                 4.5.4     True        False         False      10m
network                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
node-tuning                                4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
openshift-apiserver                        4.5.4     True        False         False      17m
openshift-controller-manager               4.5.4     True        False         False      15m
openshift-samples                          4.5.4     True        False         False      16m
operator-lifecycle-manager                 4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog         4.5.4     True        False         False      22m
operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver   4.5.4     True        False         False      18m
service-ca                                 4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
service-catalog-apiserver                  4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
service-catalog-controller-manager         4.5.4     True        False         False      23m
storage                                    4.5.4     True        False         False      17m

Run the following command to view your cluster pods:

$ oc get pods --all-namespaces

Example output

NAMESPACE                                               NAME                                                                READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal                1/1       Running     0          35m
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal                1/1       Running     0          37m
kube-system                                             etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal                 1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-apiserver-operator                            openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t                       1/1       Running     1          37m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-fm48r                                                     1/1       Running     0          30m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-fxkvv                                                     1/1       Running     0          29m
openshift-apiserver                                     apiserver-q85nm                                                     1/1       Running     0          29m
...
openshift-service-ca-operator                           openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257                      1/1       Running     0          37m
openshift-service-ca                                    apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm                        1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-ca                                    configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6                         1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-ca                                    service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn                         1/1       Running     0          35m
openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator            openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w       1/1       Running     0          32m
openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator   openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm     1/1       Running     0          31m

When the current cluster version is AVAILABLE, the installation is complete.

13.24. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

13.25. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the must-gather tool.
Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks.
If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
If necessary, see Registering your disconnected cluster

Chapter 14. Installing a three-node cluster on GCP

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, you can install a three-node cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). A three-node cluster consists of three control plane machines, which also act as compute machines. This type of cluster provides a smaller, more resource efficient cluster, for cluster administrators and developers to use for testing, development, and production.

You can install a three-node cluster using either installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure.

14.1. Configuring a three-node cluster

You configure a three-node cluster by setting the number of worker nodes to 0 in the install-config.yaml file before deploying the cluster. Setting the number of worker nodes to 0 ensures that the control plane machines are schedulable. This allows application workloads to be scheduled to run from the control plane nodes.

Note

Because application workloads run from control plane nodes, additional subscriptions are required, as the control plane nodes are considered to be compute nodes.

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Set the number of compute replicas to 0 in your install-config.yaml file, as shown in the following compute stanza:
```
compute:
- name: worker
  platform: {}
  replicas: 0
```
If you are deploying a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure:
- After you create the Kubernetes manifest files, make sure that the spec.mastersSchedulable parameter is set to true in cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file. You can locate this file in <installation_directory>/manifests. For more information, see "Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files" in "Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in GCP by using Deployment Manager templates".
- Do not create additional worker nodes.

Example cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file for a three-node cluster

apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: Scheduler
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  mastersSchedulable: true
  policy:
    name: ""
status: {}

14.2. Next steps

Installing a cluster on GCP with customizations
Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in GCP by using Deployment Manager templates

Chapter 15. Uninstalling a cluster on GCP

You can remove a cluster that you deployed to Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

15.1. Removing a cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure

You can remove a cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure from your cloud.

Note

After uninstallation, check your cloud provider for any resources not removed properly, especially with User Provisioned Infrastructure (UPI) clusters. There might be resources that the installer did not create or that the installer is unable to access. For example, some Google Cloud resources require IAM permissions in shared VPC host projects, or there might be unused health checks that must be deleted.

Prerequisites

You have a copy of the installation program that you used to deploy the cluster.
You have the files that the installation program generated when you created your cluster.

Procedure

From the directory that contains the installation program on the computer that you used to install the cluster, run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install destroy cluster \
--dir <installation_directory> --log-level info 1 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
2
To view different details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Note
You must specify the directory that contains the cluster definition files for your cluster. The installation program requires the metadata.json file in this directory to delete the cluster.
Optional: Delete the <installation_directory> directory and the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.

15.2. Deleting GCP resources with the Cloud Credential Operator utility

To clean up resources after uninstalling an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) in manual mode with GCP Workload Identity, you can use the CCO utility (ccoctl) to remove the GCP resources that ccoctl created during installation.

Prerequisites

Extract and prepare the ccoctl binary.
Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the CCO in manual mode with GCP Workload Identity.

Procedure

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
```
$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')
```
Extract the list of CredentialsRequest custom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
```
$ oc adm release extract --credentials-requests \
  --cloud=gcp \
  --to=<path_to_directory_with_list_of_credentials_requests>/credrequests \ 1
  $RELEASE_IMAGE
```
1
credrequests is the directory where the list of CredentialsRequest objects is stored. This command creates the directory if it does not exist.
Delete the GCP resources that ccoctl created:
```
$ ccoctl gcp delete \
  --name=<name> \ 1
  --project=<gcp_project_id> \ 2
  --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_directory_with_list_of_credentials_requests>/credrequests
```
1
<name> matches the name that was originally used to create and tag the cloud resources.
2
<gcp_project_id> is the GCP project ID in which to delete cloud resources.

Verification

To verify that the resources are deleted, query GCP. For more information, refer to GCP documentation.

Legal Notice

OpenShift documentation is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).

Modified versions must remove all Red Hat trademarks.

Portions adapted from https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/service-catalog/ with modifications by Red Hat.

Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Red Hat logo, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.

Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.

Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.

MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries.

Node.js® is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat Software Collections is not formally related to or endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project.

The OpenStack® Word Mark and OpenStack logo are either registered trademarks/service marks or trademarks/service marks of the OpenStack Foundation, in the United States and other countries and are used with the OpenStack Foundation’s permission. We are not affiliated with, endorsed or sponsored by the OpenStack Foundation, or the OpenStack community.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.