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7.5. Setting up easier access to remote virtualization hosts

When managing VMs on a remote host system by using libvirt utilities, you should use the -c qemu+ssh://root@hostname/system syntax. For example, to use the virsh list command as root on the 192.0.2.1 host: 

# virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@192.0.2.1/system list
root@192.0.2.1's password:

Id   Name              State
---------------------------------
1    remote-guest      running

However, you can remove the need to specify the connection details in full by modifying your SSH and libvirt configuration. For example: 

# virsh -c remote-host list
root@192.0.2.1's password:

Id   Name              State
---------------------------------
1    remote-guest      running

To enable this improvement, follow the instructions below.

Procedure

  1. Edit the ~/.ssh/config file with the following details, where host-alias is a shortened name associated with a specific remote host and an alias for root@192.0.2.1, and hosturl is the URL address of the host : 

    # vi ~/.ssh/config
Host example-host-alias
  User                    root
  Hostname                192.0.2.1

  2. Edit the /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf file with the following details, the example-qemu-host-alias is a host alias that QEMU and libvirt utilities will associate for qemu+ssh://192.0.2.1/system with the intended host example-host-alias : 

    # vi /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf
uri_aliases = [
  "example-qemu-host-alias=qemu+ssh://example-host-alias/system",
]

Verification

  1. Confirm that you can manage remote VMs by using libvirt-based utilities on the local system with an added -c qemu-host-alias parameter. This automatically performs the commands over SSH on the remote host.

    For example, verify that the following lists VMs on the 192.0.2.1 remote host, the connection to which was set up as example-qemu-host-alias in the previous steps: 

    # virsh -c example-qemu-host-alias list

root@192.0.2.1's password:

Id   Name                       State
----------------------------------------
1    example-remote-guest      running
    注意

    In addition to virsh, the -c (or --connect) option and the remote host access configuration described above can be used by the following utilities:

Next steps

If you want to use libvirt utilities exclusively on a single remote host, you can also set a specific connection as the default target for libvirt-based utilities.

However, you cannot do this if you also want to manage VMs on your local host or on different remote hosts.

  • You can edit the /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf file and set the value of the uri_default parameter to example-qemu-host-alias as a default libvirt target. 

    # These can be used in cases when no URI is supplied by the application
# (@uri_default also prevents probing of the hypervisor driver).
#
uri_default = "example-qemu-host-alias"

    As a result, all libvirt-based commands will automatically be performed on the specified remote host. 

    $ virsh list
root@192.0.2.1's password:

Id   Name              State
---------------------------------
1   example-remote-guest      running

  • When connecting to a remote host, you can avoid providing the root password to the remote system. To do so, use one or more of the following methods:

  • The -c (or --connect) option can be used to run the virt-install, virt-viewer, and virsh commands on a remote host.
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