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13.4. Configuration Files for the Tomcat Engine and Web Services
All of the user and administrative (administrators, agents, and auditors) services for the subsystems are accessed over web protocols.
This section discusses the two major sets of configuration files that apply to all Red Hat Certificate System subsystems (CA, KRA, OCSP, TKS, and TPS):
/var/lib/pki/instance_name/conf/server.xml
provides the configuration for the Tomcat engine./usr/share/pki/subsystem_type/webapps/WEB-INF/web.xml
provides the configuration for the web services offered by this instance.
13.4.1. Tomcatjss
Note
The later subsections include important configuration information on required changes to parameter values. Ensure they are followed for strict compliance.
The following configuration in the
server.xml
file found in the example pki-tomcat/conf
directory can be used to explain how Tomcatjss fits into the entire Certificate System ecosystem. Portions of the Connector entry for the secret port are shown below.
<Connector name="Secure" # Info about the socket itself port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" SSLEnabled="true" sslProtocol="SSL" scheme="https" secure="true" connectionTimeout="80000" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" acceptCount="100" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" # Points to our tomcat jss implementation sslImplementationName="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jss.JSSImplementation" # OCSP responder configuration can be enabled here enableOCSP="true" ocspCacheSize="1000" ocspMinCacheEntryDuration="60" ocspMaxCacheEntryDuration="120" ocspTimeout="10" # A collection of cipher related settings that make sure connections are secure. strictCiphers="true" # The "clientAuth" parameter configures the client authentication scheme # for this server socket. If you set "clientAuth" to "want", the client # authentication certificate is optional. Alternatively, set the # parameter to "required" to configure that the certificate is is mandatory. clientAuth="want" sslVersionRangeStream="tls1_1:tls1_2" sslVersionRangeDatagram="tls1_1:tls1_2" sslRangeCiphers="+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 serverCertNickFile="/var/lib/pki/pki-tomcat/conf/serverCertNick.conf" passwordFile="/var/lib/pki/pki-tomcat/conf/password.conf" passwordClass="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jss.PlainPasswordFile" certdbDir="/var/lib/pki/pki-tomcat/alias" />
In the
server.xml
configuration file for the Tomcat engine, there is this Connector configuration element that contains the pointer to the tomcatjss implementation, which can be plugged into the sslImplementation
property of this Connector object.
Each key parameter element is explained in the subsections below.
13.4.1.1. TLS Cipher Configuration
The TLS ciphers configured in the
server.xml
file provide system-wide defaults when Red Hat Certificate system is acting as a client and as a server. This includes when acting as a server (for example, when serving HTTPS connections from Tomcat) and as a client (for example, when communicating with the LDAP server or when communicating with another Certificate System instance).
The configuration for server TLS ciphers is in the Red Hat Certificate System instance-specific
/var/lib/pki/instance_name/conf/server.xml
file. The following parameters control the ciphers offered:
strictCiphers
, when set totrue
, ensures that only ciphers with a+
sign in thesslRangeCiphers
are enabled.strictCiphers="true"
Do not change the default value (true
).sslVersionRangeStream
andsslVersionRangeDatagram
sets the TLS version the server supports. The following are the defaults of the parameters:sslVersionRangeStream="tls1_1:tls1_2" sslVersionRangeDatagram="tls1_1:tls1_2"
Do not change the default value of the parameters.sslRangeCiphers
sets which ciphers are enabled and disabled. Ciphers with a+
sign are enabled, ciphers with a-
sign disabled.Set RSA ciphers as below:sslRangeCiphers="+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,+TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,+TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Set EC ciphers as below:sslRangeCiphers="+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,+TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
For a list of allowed ciphers, see Section 3.1, “TLS, ECC, and RSA”.- If you install Certificate System with either LunaSA or nCipher Hardware Security Module (HSM) on systems with FIPS mode enabled for RSA, disable the following ciphers, as they are unsupported on HSMs in FIPS mode:
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
13.4.1.1.1. Client TLS cipher Configuration
The Red Hat Certificate System also allows for cipher configuration on a system when it is acting as a client to another CS system.
Ciphers in a list are separated by commas.
On CA (for the communication of the CA with the KRA):
ca.connector.KRA.clientCiphers=your selected cipher list
For example:
ca.connector.KRA.clientCiphers=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
On TPS (for communication with the CA, the KRA and the TKS):
tps.connector.ca id.clientCiphers=your selected cipher list tps.connector.kra id.clientCiphers=your selected cipher list tps.connector.tks id.clientCiphers=your selected cipher list
For example:
tps.connector.ca1.clientCiphers=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
13.4.1.2. Enabling Automatic Revocation Checking on the CA
The CA can be configured to check the revocation status of any certificate (including agent, administrator, and enrollment) the server receives during authentication of an SSL/TLS client. This means that when the CA receives any client authentication request, it automatically checks an OCSP. (For information about setting up an OCSP responder, see Using the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) Responder in the Red Hat Certificate System Administration Guide.)
As part of revocation checking, the CA has the ability to cache client authentication so that it keeps a list of verified certificates. This allows the CA to check its cached results before checking its internal database or an OCSP, which improves the overall operation performance. Automatic revocation checking is enabled in the
revocationChecking.enabled
parameter.
The revocation status results are only valid for a certain, specified period of time (
revocationChecking.validityInterval
). If the CA has no way to re-verify a certificate status that is in cache, then there is a grace interval (revocationChecking.unknownStateInterval
) where the previously-cached status is still considered valid, even if it is outside the validity interval.
Note
The cached certificates are kept in a buffer (
revocationChecking.bufferSize
). If the buffer setting is missing or is set to zero, then no buffer is kept, which means that the results of revocation checks are not cached. In that case, all revocation checks are performed directly against the CA's internal database.
Note
The subsystem
CS.cfg
configuration file includes a parameter, jss.ocspcheck.enable
, which sets whether a Certificate Manager should use an OCSP to verify the revocation status of the certificate it receives as a part of SSL/TLS client or server authentication. Changing the value of this parameter to true
means the Certificate Manager reads the Authority Information Access extension in the certificate and verifies the revocation status of the certificate from the OCSP responder specified in the extension.
- Stop the subsystem instance.
# systemctl stop pki-tomcatd@instance_name.service
- Open the
CS.cfg
file.# vim
/var/lib/pki/instance-name/ca/conf/CS.cfg
- Edit the revocation-related parameters.
auths.revocationChecking.bufferSize=50 auths.revocationChecking.ca=ca auths.revocationChecking.enabled=true auths.revocationChecking.unknownStateInterval=0 auths.revocationChecking.validityInterval=120
revocationChecking.ca
. Sets which service is providing the OCSP respsonse, a CA or an OCSP responder.revocationChecking.enabled
. Sets revocation checking.true
enables checking;false
disables checking. By default, the feature is enabled.revocationChecking.bufferSize
. Sets the total number of last-checked certificates the server should maintain in its cache. For example, if the buffer size is 2, the server retains the last two certificates checked in its cache. By default, the server caches the last 50 certificates.revocationChecking.unknownStateInterval
. Sets how frequently the server checks the revocation status. The default interval is 0 seconds. unknownStateInterval is a grace period in which cache result will be assumed to be true if CA has no means (no access to information allowing) to verify certificate statusrevocationChecking.validityInterval
. Sets how long the cached certificates are considered valid. Be judicious when choosing the interval. For example, if the validity period is 60 seconds, the server discards the certificates in its cache every minute and attempts to retrieve them from their source. The Certificate Manager uses its internal database to retrieve and verify the revocation status of the certificates. The default validity period is 120 seconds (2 minutes).
- Start the Certificate System instance.
# systemctl start pki-tomcatd@instance_name.service
13.4.1.3. Enabling Certificate Revocation Checking for Subsystems
The Certificate System subsystems do not have OCSP checking enabled, by default, to validate subsystem certificates. This means it is possible for someone to log into the administrative or agent interfaces with a revoked certificate.
OCSP checking can be enabled for all subsystems by editing the
server.xml
file. The agent interface and the admin interface are configured separately, so both sections in the configuration should be edited.
Note
If the subsystem has been configured to use an SSL/TLS connection with its internal database, then the SSL/TLS server certificate of the LDAP internal database must be recognized by the OCSP responder. If the OCSP responder does not recognize the LDAP server certificate, then the subsystem will not start properly. This configuration is covered in the Red Hat Certificate System 9 Planning, Installation, and Deployment Guide, since subsystem-LDAP SSL/TLS server connections are configured as part of the subsystem setup.
- Get the name of the OCSP signing certificate for the OCSP or CA which will be used to check certificate status. For example:
# certutil -L -d
/etc/pki/instance-name/alias
Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI Certificate Authority - Example Domain CT,c,ocspSigningCert cert-pki-ocsp CTu,Cu,Cu
subsystemCert cert-pki-ocsp u,u,u Server-Cert cert-pki-ocsp u,u,u auditSigningCert cert-pki-ocsp u,u,Pu - Open the
server.xml
file for the subsystem. For example:# vim
/etc/pki/instance-name/server.xml
- If the OCSP signing certificate is not present in the instance's security database, import it:
# certutil -d
/etc/pki/instance-name/alias
-A -n "ocspSigningCert cert-pki-ca" -t "C,," -a -i ocspCert.b64 - There are three critical parameters to enable OCSP checking:
enableOCSP
, which must be set totrue
to enable OCSP checking.This is a global setting; if it is set for one interface, then it applies to every interface for the instance. However, it must be set on the first interface listed in theserver.xml
file, which is usually the agent interface. Any setting on another interface is ignored.ocspResponderURL
, which gives the URL of the OCSP responder to send the OCSP requests.For an OCSP Manager, this can be another OCSP service in another OCSP or in a CA. For other subsystems, this always points to an external OCSP service in an OCSP or a CA.ocspResponderCertNickname
, which gives the signing certificate to use to sign the response; for a CA OCSP service, this is the CA's OCSP signing certificate, and for an OCSP responder, it is an OCSP signing certificate.
Other parameters can be used to define the OCSP communication. All of the OCSP checking parameters are listed in Table 13.10, “OCSP Parameters for server.xml”.There are two different sections in the file for the agent and administrator interfaces. The OCSP parameters need to be added to both sections to enable and configure OCSP checking. For example:Example 13.4. OCSP Settings for an Agent Interface
<Connector name="Agent" port="8443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="true" sslProtocol="SSL" sslOptions="ssl2=true,ssl3=true,tls=true" ssl3Ciphers="-SSL3_FORTEZZA_DMS_WITH_NULL_SHA, ..." tls3Ciphers="-SSL3_FORTEZZA_DMS_WITH_NULL_SHA, ..." SSLImplementation="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jss.JSSImplementation"
enableOCSP="true"
ocspResponderURL="http://server.example.com:8443/ca/ocsp"
ocspResponderCertNickname="ocspSigningCert cert-pki-ca 102409a"
ocspCacheSize="1000"
ocspMinCacheEntryDuration="60"
ocspMaxCacheEntryDuration="120"
ocspTimeout="10"
debug="true" serverCertNickFile="/etc/pki/instance-name/serverCertNick.conf" passwordFile="/etc/pki/instance-name/password.conf" passwordClass="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jss.PlainPasswordFile" certdbDir="/etc/pki/instance-name/alias"/> - If the given OCSP service is not the CA, then the OCSP service's signing certificate must be imported into the subsystem's NSS database. This can be done in the console or using
certutil
; both options are covered in Installing Certificates in the Certificate System Database in the Red Hat Certificate System Administration Guide. - Restart the subsystem.
# systemctl restart pki-tomcatd@instance_name.service
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
enableOCSP | Enables (or disables) OCSP checking for the subsystem. |
ocspResponderURL | Sets the URL where the OCSP requests are sent.
For an OCSP Manager, this can be another OCSP service in another OCSP or in a CA. For a TKS or KRA, this always points to an external OCSP service in an OCSP or a CA.
|
ocspResponderCertNickname | Sets the nickname of the signing certificate for the responder, either the OCSP signing certificate or the CA's OCSP signing certificate. The certificate must be imported into the subsystem's NSS database and have the appropriate trust settings set. |
ocspCacheSize | Sets the maximum number of cache entries. |
ocspMinCacheEntryDuration | Sets minimum seconds before another fetch attempt can be made. For example, if this is set to 120, then the validity of a certificate cannot be checked again until at least 2 minutes after the last validity check. |
ocspMaxCacheEntryDuration | Sets the maximum number of seconds to wait before making the next fetch attempt. This prevents having too large a window between validity checks. |
ocspTimeout | Sets the timeout period, in seconds, for the OCSP request. |
13.4.1.4. Adding an AIA Extension to an Enrollment Profile
To set the AIA URL in the profile when using an external OCSP, add the correct URL to the certificate profile. For example:
policyset.cmcUserCertSet.5.default.params.authInfoAccessADLocation_0=http://example.com:8080/ocsp/ee/ocsp
13.4.2. Session Timeout
When a user connects to PKI server through a client application, the server will create a session to keep track of the user. As long as the user remains active, the user can execute multiple operations over the same session without having to re-authenticate.
Session timeout determines how long the server will wait since the last operation before terminating the session due to inactivity. Once the session is terminated, the user will be required to re-authenticate to continue accessing the server, and the server will create a new session.
There are two types of timeouts:
- TLS session timeout
- HTTP session timeout
Due to differences in the way clients work, the clients will be affected differently by these timeouts.
Note
Certain clients have their own timeout configuration. For example, Firefox has a keep-alive timeout setting. For details, see http://kb.mozillazine.org/Network.http.keep-alive.timeout. If the value is different from the server's setting for TLS Session Timeout or HTTP Session Timeout, different behavior can be observed.
13.4.2.1. TLS Session Timeout
A TLS session is a secure communication channel over a TLS connection established through TLS handshake protocol.
PKI server generates audit events for TLS session activities. The server generates an
ACCESS_SESSION_ESTABLISH
audit event with Outcome=Success
when the connection is created. If the connection fails to be created, the server will generate an ACCESS_SESSION_ESTABLISH
audit event with Outcome=Failure
. When the connection is closed, the server will generate an ACCESS_SESSION_TERMINATED
audit event.
TLS session timeout (that is TLS connection timeout) is configured in the
keepAliveTimeout
parameter in the Secure
<Connector> element in the /etc/pki/<instance>/server.xml
file:
... <Server> <Service> <Connector name="Secure" ... keepAliveTimeout="300000" ... /> </Service> </Server> ...
By default the timeout value is set to 300000 milliseconds (that is 5 minutes). To change this value, edit the
/etc/pki/<instance>/server.xml
file and then restart the server.
Note
Note that this value will affect all TLS connections to the server. A large value may improve the efficiency of the clients since they can reuse existing connections that have not expired. However, it may also increase the number of connections that the server has to support simultaneously since it takes longer for abandoned connections to expire.
13.4.2.2. HTTP Session Timeout
An HTTP session is a mechanism to track a user across multiple HTTP requests using HTTP cookies. PKI server does not generate audit events for the HTTP sessions.
Note
For the purpose of auditing consistency, set the
<session-timeout>
value in this section to match the keepAliveTimeout
value in Section 13.4.2.1, “TLS Session Timeout”. For example if keepAliveTimeout
was set to 300000 (5 minutes), then set <session-timeout>
to 30.
The HTTP session timeout can be configured in the
<session-timeout>
element in the /etc/pki/<instance>/web.xml
file:
... <web-app> <session-config> <session-timeout>30</session-timeout> </session-config> </web-app> ...
By default the timeout value is set to 30 minutes. To change the value, edit the
/etc/pki/<instance>/web.xml
file and then restart the server.
Note
Note that this value affects all sessions in all web applications on the server. A large value may improve the experience of the users since they will not be required to re-authenticate or view the access banner again so often. However, it may also increase the security risk since it takes longer for abandoned HTTP sessions to expire.
13.4.2.3. Session Timeout for PKI Web UI
PKI Web UI is an interactive web-based client that runs in a browser. Currently it only supports client certificate authentication.
When the Web UI is opened, the browser may create multiple TLS connections to a server. These connections are associated to a single HTTP session.
To configure a timeout for the Web UI, see Section 13.4.2.2, “HTTP Session Timeout”. The TLS session timeout is normally irrelevant since the browser caches the client certificate so it can recreate the TLS session automatically.
When the HTTP session expires, the Web UI does not provide any immediate indication. However, the Web UI will display an access banner (if enabled) before a user executes an operation.
13.4.2.4. Session Timeout for PKI Console
PKI Console is an interactive standalone graphical UI client. It supports username/password and client certificate authentication.
When the console is started, it will create a single TLS connection to the server. The console will display an access banner (if enabled) before opening the graphical interface. Unlike the Web UI, the console does not maintain an HTTP session with the server.
To configure a timeout for the console, see Section 13.4.2.1, “TLS Session Timeout”. The HTTP session timeout is irrelevant since the console does not use HTTP session.
When the TLS session expires, the TLS connection will close, and the console will exit immediately to the system. If the user wants to continue, the user will need to restart the console.
13.4.2.5. Session Timeout for PKI CLI
PKI CLI is a command-line client that executes a series of operations. It supports username/password and client certificate authentication.
When the CLI is started, it will create a single TLS connection to the server and an HTTP session. The CLI will display an access banner (if enabled) before executing operations.
Both timeouts are generally irrelevant to PKI CLI since the operations are executed in sequence without delay and the CLI exits immediately upon completion. However, if the CLI waits for user inputs, is slow, or becomes unresponsive, the TLS session or the HTTP session may expire and the remaining operations fail. If such delay is expected, see Section 13.4.2.1, “TLS Session Timeout” and Section 13.4.2.2, “HTTP Session Timeout” to accommodate the expected delay.