6.4. 令牌操作和策略处理
本节讨论涉及令牌的主要操作（显式和隐式）。以下列表将讨论每个功能及其配置。
注意
有关一般信息，请参阅 红帽认证系统 9 规划、安装和部署指南中的 令牌策略部分。
- 格式
- Format 操作（用户发起）以完全空白状态获取令牌，由制造商提供，并在其上加载 Coolkey 小程序。配置示例：
#specify that we want authentication for format. We almost always want this at true: op.format.userKey.auth.enable=true #specify the ldap authentication configuration, so TPS knows where to validate credentials: op.format.userKey.auth.id=ldap1 #specify the connection the the CA op.format.userKey.ca.conn=ca1 #specify id of the card manager applet on given token op.format.userKey.cardmgr_instance=A0000000030000 #specify if we need to match the visa cuid to the nist sp800sp derivation algorithm KDD value. Mostly will be false: op.format.userKey.cuidMustMatchKDD=false #enable ability to restrict key changoever to a specific range of key set: op.format.userKey.enableBoundedGPKeyVersion=true #enable the phone home url to write to the token: op.format.userKey.issuerinfo.enable=true #actual home url to write to token: op.format.userKey.issuerinfo.value=http://server.example.com:8080/tps/phoneHome #specify whether to request a login from the client. Mostly true, external reg may want this to be false: op.format.userKey.loginRequest.enable=true #Actual range of desired keyset numbers: op.format.userKey.maximumGPKeyVersion=FF op.format.userKey.minimumGPKeyVersion=01 #Whether or not to revoke certs on the token after a format, and what the reason will be if so: op.format.userKey.revokeCert=true op.format.userKey.revokeCert.reason=0 #This will roll back the reflected keyyset version of the token in the tokendb. After a failed key changeover operation. This is to keep the value in sync with reality in the tokendb. Always false, since this version of TPS avoids this situation now: op.format.userKey.rollbackKeyVersionOnPutKeyFailure=false #specify connection to the TKS: op.format.userKey.tks.conn=tks1 #where to get the actual applet file to write to the token: op.format.userKey.update.applet.directory=/usr/share/pki/tps/applets #Allows a completely blank token to be recognized by TPS. Mostly should be true: op.format.userKey.update.applet.emptyToken.enable=true #Always should be true, not supported: op.format.userKey.update.applet.encryption=true #Actual version of the applet file we want to upgrade to. This file will have a name something like: 1.4.54de7a99.ijc: op.format.userKey.update.applet.requiredVersion=1.4.54de790f #Symm key changeover: op.format.userKey.update.symmetricKeys.enable=false op.format.userKey.update.symmetricKeys.requiredVersion=1 #Make sure the token db is in sync with reality. Should always be true: op.format.userKey.validateCardKeyInfoAgainstTokenDB=true
- 注册
- 基本注册操作采用格式化的令牌，并将 certs 和密钥放在令牌中以个性化令牌。以下配置示例将介绍如何控制它。示例显示了不处理续订和内部恢复的基本注册。这里未讨论的设置在 Format 部分中提供，或者没有关键。
op.enroll.userKey.auth.enable=true op.enroll.userKey.auth.id=ldap1 op.enroll.userKey.cardmgr_instance=A0000000030000 op.enroll.userKey.cuidMustMatchKDD=false op.enroll.userKey.enableBoundedGPKeyVersion=true op.enroll.userKey.issuerinfo.enable=true op.enroll.userKey.issuerinfo.value=http://server.example.com:8080/tps/phoneHome #configure the encryption cert and keys we want on the token: #connection the the CA, which issues the certs: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.ca.conn=ca1 #Profile id we want the CA to use to issue our encrytion cert: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.ca.profileId=caTokenUserEncryptionKeyEnrollment #These two cover the indexes of the certs written to the token. Each cert needs a unique index or “slot”. In our sample the enc cert will occupy slot 2 and the signing cert, shown later, will occupy slot 1. Avoid overlap with these numbers: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.certAttrId=c2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.certId=C2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.cuid_label=$cuid$ #specify size of generated private key: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.keySize=1024 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.keyUsage=0 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.keyUser=0 #specify pattern for what the label of the cert will look like when the cert nickname is displayed in browsers and mail clients: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.label=encryption key for $userid$ #specify if we want to overwrite certs on a re-enrollment operation. This is almost always the case: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.overwrite=true #The next several settings specify the capabilities that the private key on the final token will inherit. For instance this will determine if the cert can be used for encryption or digital signatures. There are settings for both the private and public key. op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.decrypt=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.derive=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.encrypt=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.private=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.sensitive=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.sign=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.signRecover=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.token=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.unwrap=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.verify=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.verifyRecover=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.private.keyCapabilities.wrap=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.privateKeyAttrId=k4 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.privateKeyNumber=4 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.decrypt=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.derive=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.encrypt=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.private=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.sensitive=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.sign=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.signRecover=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.token=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.unwrap=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.verify=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.verifyRecover=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.public.keyCapabilities.wrap=true #The following index numbers correspond to the index or slot that the private and public keys occupy. The common formula we use is that the public key index will be 2 * cert id + 1, and the private key index, shown above will be 2 * cert id. In this example the cert id is 2, so the key ids will be 4 and 5 respectively. When composing these, be careful not to create conflicts. This applies to the signing key section below. op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.publicKeyAttrId=k5 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.publicKeyNumber=5 #specify if, when a certificate is slated for revocation, based on other rules, we want to check to see if some other token is using this cert in a shared situation. If this is set to true, and this situation is found the cert will not be revoked until the last token wants to revoke this cert: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.destroyed.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false #specify, if we want server side keygen, if we want to have that generated key archived to the drm. This is almost always the case, since we want the ability to later recover a cert and its encryption private key back to a new token: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.serverKeygen.archive=true #connection to drm to generate the key for us: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.serverKeygen.drm.conn=kra1 #specify server side keygen of the encryption private key. This most often will be desired: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.serverKeygen.enable=true #This setting tells us how many certs we want to enroll for this TPS profile, in the case “userKey”. Here we want 2 total certs. The next values then go on to index into the config what two types of certs we want, signing and encryption: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.keyType.num=2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.keyType.value.0=signing op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.keyType.value.1=encryption #configure the signing cert and keys we want on the token the settings for these are similar to the encryption settings already discussed, except the capability flags presented below, since this is a signing key. op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.ca.conn=ca1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.ca.profileId=caTokenUserSigningKeyEnrollment op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.certAttrId=c1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.certId=C1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.cuid_label=$cuid$ op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.keySize=1024 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.keyUsage=0 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.keyUser=0 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.label=signing key for $userid$ op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.overwrite=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.decrypt=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.derive=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.encrypt=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.private=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.sensitive=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.sign=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.signRecover=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.token=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.unwrap=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.verify=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.verifyRecover=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.private.keyCapabilities.wrap=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.privateKeyAttrId=k2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.privateKeyNumber=2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.decrypt=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.derive=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.encrypt=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.private=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.sensitive=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.sign=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.signRecover=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.token=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.unwrap=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.verify=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.verifyRecover=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.public.keyCapabilities.wrap=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.publicKeyAttrId=k3 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.publicKeyNumber=3
- pin Reset
- 第 6.3 节 “令牌策略” 中讨论 pin reset 的配置，因为 pin reset 依赖于策略来决定其是否是合法执行的。
- 续订
- 第 6.3 节 “令牌策略” 中会讨论续订的配置，因为续订依赖于策略来确定是否必须按照已注册的令牌执行或不受注册的令牌执行。
- 恢复
- 当 TPS 用户界面用户将之前的活跃令牌标记为一个不良状态（如"lost"或"destroyed）"时，恢复会被隐式设置。发生这种情况后，下一个注册了同一用户的新令牌后，会遵循以下配置，以将证书从用户旧令牌恢复到这个新令牌。此操作的最终结果是用户将具有一个新的物理令牌，该令牌可能包含从旧令牌中恢复的加密证书，以便用户可以根据需要继续加密和解密数据。通常还会将新的签名证书放在这个令牌上，如以下示例配置示例所示。以下是支持状态列表，其中令牌可以手动放在 TPS 用户界面中，如配置中所示：
tokendb._069=#-DAMAGED(1): Corresponds 在恢复配置中销毁。当令牌被物理损坏时使用。tokendb._070=#-PERM_LOST(2): Corresponds tokeyCompromisein recovery configuration.永久丢失令牌时使用。tokendb._071=#-SUSPENDED(3): Corresponds toonHoldin the restore configuration.临时使用令牌时，用户希望再次查找它。tokendb._072=#-TERMINATED(6): Corresponds 在恢复配置中终止。用于出于内部原因而取出来自服务的令牌。
恢复配置示例：#When a token is marked destroyed, don’t revoke the certs on the token unless all other tokens do not have the certs included: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.destroyed.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false #specify if we even want to revoke certs a token is marked destroyed: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.destroyed.revokeCert=false #if we want to revoke any certs here, specify the reason for revocation that will be sent to the CA: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.destroyed.revokeCert.reason=0 #speficy if we want to revoke expired certs when marking the token destroyed: op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.destroyed.revokeExpiredCerts=false
其他设置用于指定在对新令牌进行恢复操作时应使用什么类型的静态恢复（当原始令牌被标记为销毁时）。支持以下方案：- 恢复 Last(
RecoverLast)：恢复要放置在令牌中的最新加密证书。 - 生成新密钥和 Recover Last(
GenerateNewKeyAndRecoverLast): Same as Recover Last，但也会生成新的加密证书并将其上传到令牌。然后新令牌将有两个证书。 - 生成新密钥(
GenerateNewKey): 生成新加密证书并将其放在令牌中。不要恢复任何旧的证书。
例如：op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.destroyed.scheme=RecoverLast
以下配置示例确定如何恢复标记为永久丢失的令牌：op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.keyCompromise.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.keyCompromise.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.keyCompromise.revokeCert.reason=1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.keyCompromise.revokeExpiredCerts=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.keyCompromise.scheme=GenerateNewKey # Section when a token is marked terminated. op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.terminated.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.terminated.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.terminated.revokeCert.reason=1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.terminated.revokeExpiredCerts=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.encryption.recovery.terminated.scheme=GenerateNewKey # This section details the recovery profile with respect to which certs and of what kind get recovered on the token. op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.destroyed.keyType.num=2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.destroyed.keyType.value.0=signing op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.destroyed.keyType.value.1=encryption
最后，以下示例确定系统将对旧令牌上的签名证书做了哪些操作。在大多数情况下，应使用GenerateNewKey恢复方案来避免使用签名私钥的多个副本（例如：在新令牌中恢复的另外一个新令牌），另一个由其他人永久丢失但由其他人发现的旧令牌。op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.keyCompromise.keyType.value.0=signing op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.keyCompromise.keyType.value.1=encryption op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.onHold.keyType.num=2 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.onHold.keyType.value.0=signing op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.recovery.onHold.keyType.value.1=encryption op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.destroyed.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.destroyed.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.destroyed.revokeCert.reason=0 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.destroyed.revokeExpiredCerts=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.destroyed.scheme=GenerateNewKey op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.keyCompromise.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.keyCompromise.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.keyCompromise.revokeCert.reason=1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.keyCompromise.revokeExpiredCerts=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.keyCompromise.scheme=GenerateNewKey op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.revokeCert.reason=6 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.revokeExpiredCerts=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.scheme=GenerateNewKey op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.terminated.holdRevocationUntilLastCredential=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.terminated.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.terminated.revokeCert.reason=1 op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.terminated.revokeExpiredCerts=false op.enroll.userKey.keyGen.signing.recovery.terminated.scheme=GenerateNewKey # Configuration for the case when we mark a token “onHold” or temporarily lost op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.encryption.recovery.onHold.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.encryption.recovery.onHold.revokeCert.reason=0 op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.encryption.recovery.onHold.scheme=RecoverLast op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.recovery.onHold.keyType.num=2 op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.recovery.onHold.keyType.value.0=signing op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.recovery.onHold.keyType.value.1=encryption op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.revokeCert=true op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.revokeCert.reason=0 op.enroll.userKeyTemporary.keyGen.signing.recovery.onHold.scheme=GenerateNewKey
- 小应用程序更新
- 以下示例演示了如何配置 Coolkey 小程序更新操作。此操作可以在格式、注册和 PIN 重置操作的过程中执行：
op.format.userKey.update.applet.directory=/usr/share/pki/tps/applets op.format.userKey.update.applet.emptyToken.enable=true op.format.userKey.update.applet.encryption=true op.format.userKey.update.applet.requiredVersion=1.4.54de790f
其中一些选项已在 Format 部分进行了演示。它们提供必要的信息，以确定是否应该允许进行应用程序升级，在哪里查找小应用程序文件，以及将令牌升级到的小版本。requiredVersion中的版本映射到目录下的文件名。 - 密钥更新
- 此操作可在格式、注册和 PIN 重置操作的过程中进行，允许用户从制造商提供的默认全局平台设置版本进行升级。
- TPS
- 以下选项指示 TPS 在代表给定令牌请求的下一个格式操作时将密钥从 1 升级到 2。完成后，TKS 必须生成将写入令牌的三个新密钥，之后，令牌必须与同一 TPS 和 TKS 安装一起使用，否则它将被锁定。
op.format.userKey.update.symmetricKeys.enable=true op.format.userKey.update.symmetricKeys.requiredVersion=2
您还可以指定小于当前版本来降级密钥集。 - TKS
- 如上所述，必须将 TKS 配置为生成要写入令牌的新密钥。首先，新的 master 键标识符
02必须映射到 TKSCS.cfg中的 PKCS #11 对象 nickname，如下例所示：tks.mk_mappings.#02#01=internal:new_master tks.defKeySet.mk_mappings.#02#01=internal:new_master
以上会将一个键设置号映射到 TKS NSS 数据库中存在的实际 master 密钥。Master 密钥由 ID 标识，如01。TKS 将这些 ID 映射到映射的masterKeyId部分中指定的 PKCS #11 对象 nicknames。因此，第一个数字会在主密钥版本被更新时更新，第二个数字保持一致。当尝试从 1 升级到版本 2 时，映射决定了如何查找主键别名，这些名称将用于生成新密钥集的 3 个部分。上例中的internal设置引用主密钥所在的令牌的名称。它还可以是带有名称（如nethsm）的外部 HSM 模块。strongnew_master是 master 键 nickname 本身的示例。
