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第 18 章 Monitoring containers

Use Podman commands to manage a Podman environment. With that, you can determine the health of the container, by displaying system and pod information, and monitoring Podman events.

18.1. Using a health check on a container
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You can use the health check to determine the health or readiness of the process running inside the container.

If the health check succeeds, the container is marked as "healthy"; otherwise, it is "unhealthy". You can compare a health check with running the podman exec command and examining the exit code. The zero exit value means that the container is "healthy".

Health checks can be set when building an image using the HEALTHCHECK instruction in the Containerfile or when creating the container on the command line. You can display the health-check status of a container by using the podman inspect or podman ps commands.

A health check consists of six basic components:

  • Command
  • Retries
  • Interval
  • Start-period
  • Timeout
  • Container recovery

The description of health check components follows:

Command (--health-cmd option)
Podman executes the command inside the target container and waits for the exit code.

The other five components are related to the scheduling of the health check and they are optional.

Retries (--health-retries option)
Defines the number of consecutive failed health checks that need to occur before the container is marked as "unhealthy". A successful health check resets the retry counter.
Interval (--health-interval option)
Describes the time between running the health check command. Note that small intervals cause your system to spend a lot of time running health checks. The large intervals cause struggles with catching time outs.
Start-period (--health-start-period option)
Describes the time between when the container starts and when you want to ignore health check failures.
Timeout (--health-timeout option)
Describes the period of time the health check must complete before being considered unsuccessful.
注意

The values of the Retries, Interval, and Start-period components are time durations, for example "30s” or "1h15m”. Valid time units are "ns," "us," or "µs", "ms," "s," "m," and "h".

Container recovery (--health-on-failure option)

Determines which actions to perform when the status of a container is unhealthy. When the application fails, Podman restarts it automatically to provide robustness. The --health-on-failure option supports four actions:

  • none: Take no action, this is the default action.
  • kill: Kill the container.
  • restart: Restart the container.

  • stop: Stop the container.

    注意

    The --health-on-failure option is available in Podman version 4.2 and later.

警告

Do not combine the restart action with the --restart option. When running inside of a systemd unit, consider using the kill or stop action instead, to make use of systemd restart policy.

Health checks run inside the container. Health checks only make sense if you know what the health state of the service is and can differentiate between a successful and unsuccessful health check.

For more information, see the podman-healthcheck(1) and podman-run(1) man pages on your system.

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