Chapter 7. Virtual machine templates
7.1. Creating virtual machine templates
Using Virtual machines templates is an easy way to create multiple virtual machines with similar configuration. After a template is created, reference the template when creating virtual machines.
7.1.1. Creating a virtual machine template with the interactive wizard in the web console
The web console features an interactive wizard that guides you through the General, Networking, Storage, Advanced, and Review steps to simplify the process of creating virtual machine templates. All required fields are marked with a *
. The wizard prevents you from moving to the next step until you provide values in the required fields.
Procedure
-
In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads
Virtual Machine Templates. - Click Create Template and select New with Wizard.
- Fill in all required fields in the General step.
Click Next to progress to the Networking screen. A NIC that is named
nic0
is attached by default.- Optional: Click Add Network Interface to create additional NICs.
- Optional: You can remove any or all NICs by clicking the Options menu and selecting Delete. Virtual machines created from a template do not need a NIC attached. NICs can be created after a virtual machine has been created.
Click Next to progress to the Storage screen.
- Optional: Click Add Disk to create additional disks.
- Optional: Click a disk to modify available fields. Click the ✓ button to save the changes.
Optional: Click Disk to choose an available disk from the Select Storage list.
NoteIf either URL or Container are selected as the Source in the General step, a
rootdisk
disk is created and attached to virtual machines as the Bootable Disk. You can modify therootdisk
but you cannot remove it.A Bootable Disk is not required for virtual machines provisioned from a PXE source if there are no disks attached to the virtual machine. If one or more disks are attached to the virtual machine, you must select one as the Bootable Disk.
Click Create Virtual Machine Template >. The Results screen displays the JSON configuration file for the virtual machine template.
The template is listed in Workloads
Virtual Machine Templates.
7.1.2. Virtual machine template interactive wizard fields
The following tables describe the fields for the Basic Settings, Networking, and Storage panes in the Create Virtual Machine Template interactive wizard.
7.1.2.1. Virtual machine template wizard fields
Name | Parameter | Description |
---|---|---|
Source | PXE | Provision virtual machine from PXE menu. Requires a PXE-capable NIC in the cluster. |
URL | Provision virtual machine from an image available from an HTTP or S3 endpoint. | |
Container |
Provision virtual machine from a bootable operating system container located in a registry accessible from the cluster. Example: | |
Disk | Provision virtual machine from a disk. | |
Operating System | The primary operating system that is selected for the virtual machine. | |
Flavor | small, medium, large, tiny, Custom | Presets that determine the amount of CPU and memory allocated to the virtual machine. The presets displayed for Flavor are determined by the operating system. |
Memory | Size in GiB of the memory allocated to the virtual machine. | |
CPUs | The amount of CPU allocated to the virtual machine. | |
Workload Profile | High Performance | A virtual machine configuration that is optimized for high-performance workloads. |
Server | A profile optimized to run server workloads. | |
Desktop | A virtual machine configuration for use on a desktop. | |
Name |
The name can contain lowercase letters ( | |
Description | Optional description field. |
7.1.2.2. Cloud-init fields
Name | Description |
---|---|
Hostname | Sets a specific host name for the virtual machine. |
Authenticated SSH Keys | The user’s public key that is copied to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the virtual machine. |
Use custom script | Replaces other options with a field in which you paste a custom cloud-init script. |
7.1.2.3. Networking fields
Name | Description |
---|---|
Name | Name for the Network Interface Card. |
Model | Indicates the model of the Network Interface Card. Supported values are e1000, e1000e, ne2k_pci, pcnet, rtl8139, and virtIO. |
Network | List of available NetworkAttachmentDefinition objects. |
Type |
List of available binding methods. For the default Pod network, |
MAC Address | MAC address for the Network Interface Card. If a MAC address is not specified, an ephemeral address is generated for the session. |
7.1.2.4. Storage fields
Name | Description |
---|---|
Source | Select a blank disk for the virtual machine or choose from the options available: URL, Container, Attach Cloned Disk, or Attach Disk. To select an existing disk and attach it to the virtual machine, choose Attach Cloned Disk or Attach Disk from a list of available PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs). |
Name |
Name of the disk. The name can contain lowercase letters ( |
Size (GiB) | Size, in GiB, of the disk. |
Interface | Type of disk device. Supported interfaces are virtIO, SATA, and SCSI. |
Storage class |
The |
7.2. Editing virtual machine templates
You can update a virtual machine template in the web console, either by editing the full configuration in the YAML editor or by editing a subset of the parameters in the Virtual Machine Template Overview screen.
7.2.1. Editing a virtual machine template in the web console
Edit select values of a virtual machine template in the Virtual Machine Template Overview screen of the web console by clicking on the pencil icon next to the relevant field. Other values can be edited using the CLI.
Procedure
-
Click Workloads
Virtual Machine Templates from the side menu. - Select a virtual machine template to open the Virtual Machine Template Overview screen.
- Click the pencil icon to make that field editable.
- Make the relevant changes and click Save.
Editing a virtual machine template will not affect virtual machines already created from that template.
7.2.2. Editing virtual machine template YAML configuration in the web console
You can edit the YAML configuration of a virtual machine template from the web console.
Not all parameters can be modified. If you click Save with an invalid configuration, an error message indicates the parameter that cannot be modified.
Navigating away from the YAML screen while editing cancels any changes to the configuration that you made.
Procedure
-
In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads
Virtual Machine Templates. - Select a template.
- Click the YAML tab to display the editable configuration.
- Edit the file and click Save.
A confirmation message, which includes the updated version number for the object, shows the modification has been successful.
7.2.3. Adding a virtual disk to a virtual machine template
Use this procedure to add a virtual disk to a virtual machine template.
Procedure
- From the Virtual Machine Templates tab, select your virtual machine template.
- Select the Disks tab.
- Click Add Disks to open the Add Disk window.
- In the Add Disk window, specify Source, Name, Size, Interface, and Storage Class.
- Use the drop-down lists and check boxes to edit the disk configuration.
- Click OK.
7.2.4. Adding a network interface to a virtual machine template
Use this procedure to add a network interface to a virtual machine template.
Procedure
- From the Virtual Machine Templates tab, select the virtual machine template.
- Select the Network Interfaces tab.
- Click Add Network Interface.
- In the Add Network Interface window, specify the Name, Model, Network, Type, and MAC Address of the network interface.
- Click Add to add the network interface.
- Restart the virtual machine to enable access.
- Edit the drop-down lists and check boxes to configure the network interface.
- Click Save Changes.
- Click OK.
The new network interface displays at the top of the Create Network Interface list until the user restarts it.
The new network interface has a Pending VM restart
Link State until you restart the virtual machine. Hover over the Link State to display more detailed information.
The Link State is set to Up by default when the network interface card is defined on the virtual machine and connected to the network.
7.2.5. Editing CD-ROMs for Virtual Machine Templates
Use the following procedure to configure CD-ROMs for virtual machines.
Procedure
- From the Virtual Machine Templates tab, select your virtual machine template.
- Select the Overview tab.
To add or edit a CD-ROM configuration, click the pencil icon to the right of the CD-ROMs label. The Edit CD-ROM window opens.
- If CD-ROMs are unavailable for editing, the following message displays: The virtual machine doesn’t have any CD-ROMs attached.
- If there are CD-ROMs available, you can remove a CD-ROM by clicking -.
In the Edit CD-ROM window, do the following:
- Select the type of CD-ROM configuration from the drop-down list for Media Type. CD-ROM configuration types are Container, URL, and Persistent Volume Claim.
- Complete the required information for each Type.
- When all CD-ROMs are added, click Save.
7.3. Enabling dedicated resources for virtual machine templates
Virtual machines can have resources of a node, such as CPU, dedicated to them in order to improve performance.
7.3.1. About dedicated resources
When you enable dedicated resources for your virtual machine, your virtual machine’s workload is scheduled on CPUs that will not be used by other processes. By using dedicated resources, you can improve the performance of the virtual machine and the accuracy of latency predictions.
7.3.2. Prerequisites
-
The CPU Manager must be configured on the node. Verify that the node has the
cpumanager
=true
label before scheduling virtual machine workloads.
7.3.3. Enabling dedicated resources for a virtual machine template
You can enable dedicated resources for a virtual machine template in the Virtual Machine Template Overview page of the web console.
Procedure
-
Click Workloads
Virtual Machine Templates from the side menu. - Select a virtual machine template to open the Virtual Machine Template Overview page.
- Click the Details tab.
- Click the pencil icon to the right of the Dedicated Resources field to open the Dedicated Resources window.
- Select Schedule this workload with dedicated resources (guaranteed policy).
- Click Save.
7.4. Deleting a virtual machine template
You can delete a virtual machine template in the web console.
7.4.1. Deleting a virtual machine template in the web console
Deleting a virtual machine template permanently removes it from the cluster.
Procedure
-
In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads
Virtual Machine Templates. You can delete the virtual machine template from this pane, which makes it easier to perform actions on multiple templates in the one pane, or from the Virtual Machine Template Details pane where you can view comprehensive details of the selected template:
- Click the Options menu of the template to delete and select Delete Template.
-
Click the template name to open the Virtual Machine Template Details pane and click Actions
Delete Template.
- In the confirmation pop-up window, click Delete to permanently delete the template.