Chapter 8. Installing on GCP
8.1. Preparing to install on GCP
8.1.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
8.1.2. Requirements for installing OpenShift Container Platform on GCP
Before installing OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP), you must create a service account and configure a GCP project. See Configuring a GCP project for details about creating a project, enabling API services, configuring DNS, GCP account limits, and supported GCP regions.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, see Manually creating IAM for GCP for other options.
8.1.3. Choosing a method to install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure. The default installation type uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, where the installation program provisions the underlying infrastructure for the cluster. You can also install OpenShift Container Platform on infrastructure that you provision. If you do not use infrastructure that the installation program provisions, you must manage and maintain the cluster resources yourself.
See Installation process for more information about installer-provisioned and user-provisioned installation processes.
8.1.3.1. Installing a cluster on installer-provisioned infrastructure
You can install a cluster on GCP infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program, by using one of the following methods:
- Installing a cluster quickly on GCP: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP infrastructure that is provisioned by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. You can install a cluster quickly by using the default configuration options.
- Installing a customized cluster on GCP: You can install a customized cluster on GCP infrastructure that the installation program provisions. The installation program allows for some customization to be applied at the installation stage. Many other customization options are available post-installation.
- Installing a cluster on GCP with network customizations: You can customize your OpenShift Container Platform network configuration during installation, so that your cluster can coexist with your existing IP address allocations and adhere to your network requirements.
- Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP on installer-provisioned infrastructure by using an internal mirror of the installation release content. You can use this method to install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components. While you can install OpenShift Container Platform by using the mirrored content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the GCP APIs.
- Installing a cluster into an existing Virtual Private Cloud: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on an existing GCP Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). You can use this installation method if you have constraints set by the guidelines of your company, such as limits on creating new accounts or infrastructure.
- Installing a private cluster on an existing VPC: You can install a private cluster on an existing GCP VPC. You can use this method to deploy OpenShift Container Platform on an internal network that is not visible to the internet.
8.1.3.2. Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure
You can install a cluster on GCP infrastructure that you provision, by using one of the following methods:
- Installing a cluster on GCP with user-provisioned infrastructure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP infrastructure that you provide. You can use the provided Deployment Manager templates to assist with the installation.
- Installing a cluster with shared VPC on user-provisioned infrastructure in GCP: You can use the provided Deployment Manager templates to create GCP resources in a shared VPC infrastructure.
- Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure: You can install OpenShift Container Platform on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure. By creating an internal mirror of the installation release content, you can install a cluster that does not require an active internet connection to obtain the software components. You can also use this installation method to ensure that your clusters only use container images that satisfy your organizational controls on external content.
8.1.4. Next steps
8.2. Configuring a GCP project
Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.
8.2.1. Creating a GCP project
To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.
Procedure
Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
ImportantYour GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the
api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.
8.2.2. Enabling API services in GCP
Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
Enable the following required API services in the project that hosts your cluster. You may also enable optional API services which are not required for installation. See Enabling services in the GCP documentation.
Table 8.1. Required API services API service Console service name Compute Engine API
compute.googleapis.comCloud Resource Manager API
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.comGoogle DNS API
dns.googleapis.comIAM Service Account Credentials API
iamcredentials.googleapis.comIdentity and Access Management (IAM) API
iam.googleapis.comService Usage API
serviceusage.googleapis.comTable 8.2. Optional API services API service Console service name Google Cloud APIs
cloudapis.googleapis.comService Management API
servicemanagement.googleapis.comGoogle Cloud Storage JSON API
storage-api.googleapis.comCloud Storage
storage-component.googleapis.com
8.2.3. Configuring DNS for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the same project that you host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.
Procedure
Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
NoteIf you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as
openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such asclusters.openshiftcorp.com.Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
- Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
- If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
- If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.
8.2.4. GCP account limits
The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) components, but the default Quotas do not affect your ability to install a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
A default cluster, which contains three compute and three control plane machines, uses the following resources. Note that some resources are required only during the bootstrap process and are removed after the cluster deploys.
| Service | Component | Location | Total resources required | Resources removed after bootstrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service account | IAM | Global | 5 | 0 |
| Firewall rules | Compute | Global | 11 | 1 |
| Forwarding rules | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| In-use global IP addresses | Compute | Global | 4 | 1 |
| Health checks | Compute | Global | 3 | 0 |
| Images | Compute | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Networks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Static IP addresses | Compute | Region | 4 | 1 |
| Routers | Compute | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routes | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Subnetworks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Target pools | Compute | Global | 3 | 0 |
| CPUs | Compute | Region | 28 | 4 |
| Persistent disk SSD (GB) | Compute | Region | 896 | 128 |
If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.
Be sure to consider your actual cluster size, planned cluster growth, and any usage from other clusters that are associated with your account. The CPU, static IP addresses, and persistent disk SSD (storage) quotas are the ones that are most likely to be insufficient.
If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:
-
asia-east2 -
asia-northeast2 -
asia-south1 -
australia-southeast1 -
europe-north1 -
europe-west2 -
europe-west3 -
europe-west6 -
northamerica-northeast1 -
southamerica-east1 -
us-west2
You can increase resource quotas from the GCP console, but you might need to file a support ticket. Be sure to plan your cluster size early so that you can allow time to resolve the support ticket before you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
8.2.5. Creating a service account in GCP
OpenShift Container Platform requires a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) service account that provides authentication and authorization to access data in the Google APIs. If you do not have an existing IAM service account that contains the required roles in your project, you must create one.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
- Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the
Ownerrole to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.NoteWhile making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
Create the service account key in JSON format. See Creating service account keys in the GCP documentation.
The service account key is required to create a cluster.
8.2.5.1. Required GCP roles
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a service account with the following permissions. If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:
Required roles for the installation program
- Compute Admin
- Security Admin
- Service Account Admin
- Service Account Key Admin
- Service Account User
- Storage Admin
Required roles for creating network resources during installation
- DNS Administrator
The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:
| Account | Roles |
|---|---|
| Control Plane |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Compute |
|
|
|
8.2.5.2. Required GCP permissions for installer-provisioned infrastructure
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform.
If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the installer-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Example 8.1. Required permissions for creating network resources
-
compute.addresses.create -
compute.addresses.createInternal -
compute.addresses.delete -
compute.addresses.get -
compute.addresses.list -
compute.addresses.use -
compute.addresses.useInternal -
compute.firewalls.create -
compute.firewalls.delete -
compute.firewalls.get -
compute.firewalls.list -
compute.forwardingRules.create -
compute.forwardingRules.get -
compute.forwardingRules.list -
compute.forwardingRules.setLabels -
compute.networks.create -
compute.networks.get -
compute.networks.list -
compute.networks.updatePolicy -
compute.routers.create -
compute.routers.get -
compute.routers.list -
compute.routers.update -
compute.routes.list -
compute.subnetworks.create -
compute.subnetworks.get -
compute.subnetworks.list -
compute.subnetworks.use -
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp
Example 8.2. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources
-
compute.regionBackendServices.create -
compute.regionBackendServices.get -
compute.regionBackendServices.list -
compute.regionBackendServices.update -
compute.regionBackendServices.use -
compute.targetPools.addInstance -
compute.targetPools.create -
compute.targetPools.get -
compute.targetPools.list -
compute.targetPools.removeInstance -
compute.targetPools.use
Example 8.3. Required permissions for creating DNS resources
-
dns.changes.create -
dns.changes.get -
dns.managedZones.create -
dns.managedZones.get -
dns.managedZones.list -
dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone -
dns.resourceRecordSets.create -
dns.resourceRecordSets.list
Example 8.4. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources
-
iam.serviceAccountKeys.create -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.get -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.list -
iam.serviceAccounts.actAs -
iam.serviceAccounts.create -
iam.serviceAccounts.delete -
iam.serviceAccounts.get -
iam.serviceAccounts.list -
resourcemanager.projects.get -
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy -
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy
Example 8.5. Required permissions for creating compute resources
-
compute.disks.create -
compute.disks.get -
compute.disks.list -
compute.instanceGroups.create -
compute.instanceGroups.delete -
compute.instanceGroups.get -
compute.instanceGroups.list -
compute.instanceGroups.update -
compute.instanceGroups.use -
compute.instances.create -
compute.instances.delete -
compute.instances.get -
compute.instances.list -
compute.instances.setLabels -
compute.instances.setMetadata -
compute.instances.setServiceAccount -
compute.instances.setTags -
compute.instances.use -
compute.machineTypes.get -
compute.machineTypes.list
Example 8.6. Required for creating storage resources
-
storage.buckets.create -
storage.buckets.delete -
storage.buckets.get -
storage.buckets.list -
storage.objects.create -
storage.objects.delete -
storage.objects.get -
storage.objects.list
Example 8.7. Required permissions for creating health check resources
-
compute.healthChecks.create -
compute.healthChecks.get -
compute.healthChecks.list -
compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly -
compute.httpHealthChecks.create -
compute.httpHealthChecks.get -
compute.httpHealthChecks.list -
compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly
Example 8.8. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information
-
compute.globalOperations.get -
compute.regionOperations.get -
compute.regions.list -
compute.zoneOperations.get -
compute.zones.get -
compute.zones.list
Example 8.9. Required permissions for checking services and quotas
-
monitoring.timeSeries.list -
serviceusage.quotas.get -
serviceusage.services.list
Example 8.10. Required IAM permissions for installation
-
iam.roles.get
Example 8.11. Optional Images permissions for installation
-
compute.images.list
Example 8.12. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap
-
compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput
Example 8.13. Required permissions for deleting network resources
-
compute.addresses.delete -
compute.addresses.deleteInternal -
compute.addresses.list -
compute.firewalls.delete -
compute.firewalls.list -
compute.forwardingRules.delete -
compute.forwardingRules.list -
compute.networks.delete -
compute.networks.list -
compute.networks.updatePolicy -
compute.routers.delete -
compute.routers.list -
compute.routes.list -
compute.subnetworks.delete -
compute.subnetworks.list
Example 8.14. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources
-
compute.regionBackendServices.delete -
compute.regionBackendServices.list -
compute.targetPools.delete -
compute.targetPools.list
Example 8.15. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources
-
dns.changes.create -
dns.managedZones.delete -
dns.managedZones.get -
dns.managedZones.list -
dns.resourceRecordSets.delete -
dns.resourceRecordSets.list
Example 8.16. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources
-
iam.serviceAccounts.delete -
iam.serviceAccounts.get -
iam.serviceAccounts.list -
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy -
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy
Example 8.17. Required permissions for deleting compute resources
-
compute.disks.delete -
compute.disks.list -
compute.instanceGroups.delete -
compute.instanceGroups.list -
compute.instances.delete -
compute.instances.list -
compute.instances.stop -
compute.machineTypes.list
Example 8.18. Required for deleting storage resources
-
storage.buckets.delete -
storage.buckets.getIamPolicy -
storage.buckets.list -
storage.objects.delete -
storage.objects.list
Example 8.19. Required permissions for deleting health check resources
-
compute.healthChecks.delete -
compute.healthChecks.list -
compute.httpHealthChecks.delete -
compute.httpHealthChecks.list
Example 8.20. Required Images permissions for deletion
-
compute.images.list
8.2.6. Supported GCP regions
You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:
-
asia-east1(Changhua County, Taiwan) -
asia-east2(Hong Kong) -
asia-northeast1(Tokyo, Japan) -
asia-northeast2(Osaka, Japan) -
asia-northeast3(Seoul, South Korea) -
asia-south1(Mumbai, India) -
asia-south2(Delhi, India) -
asia-southeast1(Jurong West, Singapore) -
asia-southeast2(Jakarta, Indonesia) -
australia-southeast1(Sydney, Australia) -
australia-southeast2(Melbourne, Australia) -
europe-central2(Warsaw, Poland) -
europe-north1(Hamina, Finland) -
europe-southwest1(Madrid, Spain) -
europe-west1(St. Ghislain, Belgium) -
europe-west2(London, England, UK) -
europe-west3(Frankfurt, Germany) -
europe-west4(Eemshaven, Netherlands) -
europe-west6(Zürich, Switzerland) -
europe-west8(Milan, Italy) -
europe-west9(Paris, France) -
europe-west12(Turin, Italy) -
northamerica-northeast1(Montréal, Québec, Canada) -
northamerica-northeast2(Toronto, Ontario, Canada) -
southamerica-east1(São Paulo, Brazil) -
southamerica-west1(Santiago, Chile) -
us-central1(Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA) -
us-east1(Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA) -
us-east4(Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA) -
us-east5(Columbus, Ohio) -
us-south1(Dallas, Texas) -
us-west1(The Dalles, Oregon, USA) -
us-west2(Los Angeles, California, USA) -
us-west3(Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) -
us-west4(Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)
To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.
8.2.7. Next steps
- Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on GCP. You can install a customized cluster or quickly install a cluster with default options.
8.3. Manually creating IAM for GCP
In environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace, you can put the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) into manual mode before you install the cluster.
8.3.1. Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) manages cloud provider credentials as Kubernetes custom resource definitions (CRDs). You can configure the CCO to suit the security requirements of your organization by setting different values for the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml file.
If you prefer not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system project, you can choose one of the following options when installing OpenShift Container Platform:
Use manual mode with GCP Workload Identity:
You can use the CCO utility (
ccoctl) to configure the cluster to use manual mode with GCP Workload Identity. When the CCO utility is used to configure the cluster for GCP Workload Identity, it signs service account tokens that provide short-term, limited-privilege security credentials to components.NoteThis credentials strategy is supported for only new OpenShift Container Platform clusters and must be configured during installation. You cannot reconfigure an existing cluster that uses a different credentials strategy to use this feature.
Manage cloud credentials manually:
You can set the
credentialsModeparameter for the CCO toManualto manage cloud credentials manually. Using manual mode allows each cluster component to have only the permissions it requires, without storing an administrator-level credential in the cluster. You can also use this mode if your environment does not have connectivity to the cloud provider public IAM endpoint. However, you must manually reconcile permissions with new release images for every upgrade. You must also manually supply credentials for every component that requests them.Remove the administrator-level credential secret after installing OpenShift Container Platform with mint mode:
If you are using the CCO with the
credentialsModeparameter set toMint, you can remove or rotate the administrator-level credential after installing OpenShift Container Platform. Mint mode is the default configuration for the CCO. This option requires the presence of the administrator-level credential during an installation. The administrator-level credential is used during the installation to mint other credentials with some permissions granted. The original credential secret is not stored in the cluster permanently.
Prior to a non z-stream upgrade, you must reinstate the credential secret with the administrator-level credential. If the credential is not present, the upgrade might be blocked.
Additional resources
For a detailed description of all available CCO credential modes and their supported platforms, see About the Cloud Credential Operator.
8.3.2. Manually create IAM
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the
install-config.yamlfile by running the following command:$ openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>is the directory in which the installation program creates files.Edit the
install-config.yamlconfiguration file so that it contains thecredentialsModeparameter set toManual.Example
install-config.yamlconfiguration fileapiVersion: v1 baseDomain: cluster1.example.com credentialsMode: Manual 1 compute: - architecture: amd64 hyperthreading: Enabled ...- 1
- This line is added to set the
credentialsModeparameter toManual.
Generate the manifests by running the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
$ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where
<installation_directory>is the directory in which the installation program creates files.From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain details of the OpenShift Container Platform release image that your
openshift-installbinary is built to use by running the following command:$ openshift-install version
Example output
release image quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64
Locate all
CredentialsRequestobjects in this release image that target the cloud you are deploying on by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64 \ --credentials-requests \ --cloud=gcp
This command creates a YAML file for each
CredentialsRequestobject.Sample
CredentialsRequestobjectapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component-credentials-request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: GCPProviderSpec predefinedRoles: - roles/storage.admin - roles/iam.serviceAccountUser skipServiceCheck: true ...Create YAML files for secrets in the
openshift-installmanifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in thespec.secretReffor eachCredentialsRequestobject.Sample
CredentialsRequestobject with secretsapiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 kind: CredentialsRequest metadata: name: <component-credentials-request> namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator ... spec: providerSpec: apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1 ... secretRef: name: <component-secret> namespace: <component-namespace> ...Sample
SecretobjectapiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: <component-secret> namespace: <component-namespace> data: service_account.json: <base64_encoded_gcp_service_account_file>
ImportantThe release image includes
CredentialsRequestobjects for Technology Preview features that are enabled by theTechPreviewNoUpgradefeature set. You can identify these objects by their use of therelease.openshift.io/feature-gate: TechPreviewNoUpgradeannotation.- If you are not using any of these features, do not create secrets for these objects. Creating secrets for Technology Preview features that you are not using can cause the installation to fail.
- If you are using any of these features, you must create secrets for the corresponding objects.
To find
CredentialsRequestobjects with theTechPreviewNoUpgradeannotation, run the following command:$ grep "release.openshift.io/feature-gate" *
Example output
0000_30_capi-operator_00_credentials-request.yaml: release.openshift.io/feature-gate: TechPreviewNoUpgrade
From the directory that contains the installation program, proceed with your cluster creation:
$ openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory>
ImportantBefore upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.
Additional resources
8.3.3. Mint mode
Mint mode is the default Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) credentials mode for OpenShift Container Platform on platforms that support it. In this mode, the CCO uses the provided administrator-level cloud credential to run the cluster. Mint mode is supported for AWS and GCP.
In mint mode, the admin credential is stored in the kube-system namespace and then used by the CCO to process the CredentialsRequest objects in the cluster and create users for each with specific permissions.
The benefits of mint mode include:
- Each cluster component has only the permissions it requires
- Automatic, on-going reconciliation for cloud credentials, including additional credentials or permissions that might be required for upgrades
One drawback is that mint mode requires admin credential storage in a cluster kube-system secret.
8.3.4. Mint mode with removal or rotation of the administrator-level credential
Currently, this mode is only supported on AWS and GCP.
In this mode, a user installs OpenShift Container Platform with an administrator-level credential just like the normal mint mode. However, this process removes the administrator-level credential secret from the cluster post-installation.
The administrator can have the Cloud Credential Operator make its own request for a read-only credential that allows it to verify if all CredentialsRequest objects have their required permissions, thus the administrator-level credential is not required unless something needs to be changed. After the associated credential is removed, it can be deleted or deactivated on the underlying cloud, if desired.
Prior to a non z-stream upgrade, you must reinstate the credential secret with the administrator-level credential. If the credential is not present, the upgrade might be blocked.
The administrator-level credential is not stored in the cluster permanently.
Following these steps still requires the administrator-level credential in the cluster for brief periods of time. It also requires manually re-instating the secret with administrator-level credentials for each upgrade.
8.3.5. Next steps
Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
- Installing a cluster quickly on GCP with default options on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with cloud customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
8.4. Installing a cluster quickly on GCP
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses the default configuration options.
8.4.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. -
You have determined that the GCP region to which you are installing supports the
N1machine type. For more information, see the Google documentation. By default, the installation program deploys control plane and compute nodes with theN1machine type.
If the region to which you are installing does not support the N1 machine type, you cannot complete the installation using these steps. You must specify a supported machine type in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster. For more information, see Installing a cluster on GCP with customizations.
8.4.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.4.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Set the
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALSenvironment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.4.4. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
8.4.5. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
-
The
GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS,GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, orGCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSONenvironment variables -
The
~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.jsonfile -
The
gcloud clidefault credentials
-
The
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
-
Verify that the directory has the
Provide values at the prompts:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster. If you provide a name that is longer than 6 characters, only the first 6 characters will be used in the infrastructure ID that is generated from the cluster name.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
-
If you assigned the
Ownerrole to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with theViewerrole. -
If you included the
Service Account Key Adminrole, you can remove it.
-
If you assigned the
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.4.6. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.4.7. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
8.4.8. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.4.9. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
8.5. Installing a cluster on GCP with customizations
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a customized cluster on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.
8.5.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
8.5.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.5.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Set the
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALSenvironment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.5.4. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
8.5.5. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yamlfile.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
-
Modify the
install-config.yamlfile. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.5.5.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.
8.5.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
|
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{
"auths":{
"cloud.openshift.com":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
},
"quay.io":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
}
}
}
|
8.5.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
|
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider to install. |
Either |
|
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
|
|
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
|
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
8.5.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
|
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. | String array |
|
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
|
| Enables Linux control groups version 2 (cgroups v2) on specific nodes in your cluster. The OpenShift Container Platform process for enabling cgroups v2 disables all cgroup version 1 controllers and hierarchies. The OpenShift Container Platform cgroups version 2 feature is in Developer Preview and is not supported by Red Hat at this time. |
|
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
|
|
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
|
Required if you use | String |
|
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
|
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
8.5.5.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters
Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The name of the existing VPC that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your compute machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important
The | Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installer to copy the source image before use. |
|
| The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). | Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB. |
|
| The type of disk. |
Either the default |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The GCP machine type. | The GCP machine type. |
|
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the specified MachinePool. |
A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
8.5.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.5.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.21. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.5.5.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.
Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type
compute:
- architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: worker
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 2
controlPlane:
architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: master
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 3
8.5.5.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP
You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 3 hyperthreading: Enabled 4 name: master platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-ssd diskSizeGB: 1024 encryptionKey: 5 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 6 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 compute: 7 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-standard diskSizeGB: 128 encryptionKey: 10 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 11 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OpenShiftSDN serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: gcp: projectID: openshift-production 13 region: us-central1 14 defaultMachinePlatform: osImage: 15 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 16 fips: false 17 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 18
- 1 12 13 14 16
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 7
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 8
- The
controlPlanesection is a single mapping, but thecomputesection is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecomputesection must begin with a hyphen,-, and the first line of thecontrolPlanesection must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as
n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 10
- Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the
service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.compattern. For more information on granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management""Creating machine sets" "Creating a machine set on GCP". - 6 11 15
- Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The
projectandnameparameters underplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageapply to both control plane and compute machines. If theprojectandnameparameters undercontrolPlane.platform.gcp.osImageorcompute.platform.gcp.osImageare set, they override theplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageparameters. - 17
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64architecture. - 18
- You can optionally provide the
sshKeyvalue that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.
Additional resources
8.5.5.6. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.5.6. Using the GCP Marketplace offering
Using the GCP Marketplace offering lets you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, which is billed on pay-per-use basis (hourly, per core) through GCP, while still being supported directly by Red Hat.
By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to deploy compute machines. To deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an RHCOS image from the GCP Marketplace, override the default behavior by modifying the install-config.yaml file to reference the location of GCP Marketplace offer.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile.
Procedure
Edit the
compute.platform.gcp.osImageparameters to specify the location of the GCP Marketplace image:-
Set the
projectparameter toredhat-marketplace-public. Set the
nameparameter to one of the following offerings:- OpenShift Container Platform
-
redhat-coreos-ocp-48-x86-64-202210040145 - OpenShift Platform Plus
-
redhat-coreos-opp-48-x86-64-202206140145 - OpenShift Kubernetes Engine
-
redhat-coreos-oke-48-x86-64-202206140145
-
Set the
- Save the file and reference it when deploying the cluster.
Sample install-config.yaml file that specifies a GCP Marketplace image for compute machines
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
controlPlane:
# ...
compute:
platform:
gcp:
osImage:
project: redhat-marketplace-public
name: redhat-coreos-ocp-48-x86-64-202210040145
# ...
8.5.7. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
-
The
GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS,GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, orGCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSONenvironment variables -
The
~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.jsonfile -
The
gcloud clidefault credentials
-
The
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
-
If you assigned the
Ownerrole to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with theViewerrole. -
If you included the
Service Account Key Adminrole, you can remove it.
-
If you assigned the
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.5.8. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.5.9. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
8.5.10. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.5.11. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
8.6. Installing a cluster on GCP with network customizations
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a cluster with a customized network configuration on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). By customizing your network configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.
You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation, and you can modify only kubeProxy configuration parameters in a running cluster.
8.6.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
8.6.2. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.6.3. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Set the
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALSenvironment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.6.4. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
8.6.5. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yamlfile.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
-
Modify the
install-config.yamlfile. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.6.5.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.
8.6.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
|
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{
"auths":{
"cloud.openshift.com":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
},
"quay.io":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
}
}
}
|
8.6.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
|
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider to install. |
Either |
|
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
|
|
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
|
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
8.6.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
|
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. | String array |
|
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
|
| Enables Linux control groups version 2 (cgroups v2) on specific nodes in your cluster. The OpenShift Container Platform process for enabling cgroups v2 disables all cgroup version 1 controllers and hierarchies. The OpenShift Container Platform cgroups version 2 feature is in Developer Preview and is not supported by Red Hat at this time. |
|
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
|
|
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
|
Required if you use | String |
|
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
|
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
8.6.5.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters
Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The name of the existing VPC that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your compute machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important
The | Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installer to copy the source image before use. |
|
| The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). | Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB. |
|
| The type of disk. |
Either the default |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The GCP machine type. | The GCP machine type. |
|
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the specified MachinePool. |
A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
8.6.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.6.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.22. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.6.5.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.
Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type
compute:
- architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: worker
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 2
controlPlane:
architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: master
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 3
8.6.5.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP
You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 3 hyperthreading: Enabled 4 name: master platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-ssd diskSizeGB: 1024 encryptionKey: 5 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 6 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 compute: 7 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-standard diskSizeGB: 128 encryptionKey: 10 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 11 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: 13 clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OpenShiftSDN serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: gcp: projectID: openshift-production 14 region: us-central1 15 defaultMachinePlatform: osImage: 16 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 17 fips: false 18 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 19
- 1 12 14 15 17
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 7 13
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 8
- The
controlPlanesection is a single mapping, but thecomputesection is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecomputesection must begin with a hyphen,-, and the first line of thecontrolPlanesection must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as
n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 10
- Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the
service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.compattern. For more information on granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management""Creating machine sets" "Creating a machine set on GCP". - 6 11 16
- Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The
projectandnameparameters underplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageapply to both control plane and compute machines. If theprojectandnameparameters undercontrolPlane.platform.gcp.osImageorcompute.platform.gcp.osImageare set, they override theplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageparameters. - 18
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64architecture. - 19
- You can optionally provide the
sshKeyvalue that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.
8.6.6. Additional resources
8.6.6.1. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.6.7. Network configuration phases
There are two phases prior to OpenShift Container Platform installation where you can customize the network configuration.
- Phase 1
You can customize the following network-related fields in the
install-config.yamlfile before you create the manifest files:-
networking.networkType -
networking.clusterNetwork -
networking.serviceNetwork networking.machineNetworkFor more information on these fields, refer to Installation configuration parameters.
NoteSet the
networking.machineNetworkto match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.ImportantThe CIDR range
172.17.0.0/16is reserved by libVirt. You cannot use this range or any range that overlaps with this range for any networks in your cluster.
-
- Phase 2
-
After creating the manifest files by running
openshift-install create manifests, you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify. You can use the manifest to specify advanced network configuration.
You cannot override the values specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml file during phase 2. However, you can further customize the cluster network provider during phase 2.
8.6.8. Specifying advanced network configuration
You can use advanced network configuration for your cluster network provider to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment. You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.
Customizing your network configuration by modifying the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported.
Prerequisites
-
You have created the
install-config.yamlfile and completed any modifications to it.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
<installation_directory>specifies the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named
cluster-network-03-config.ymlin the<installation_directory>/manifests/directory:apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec:
Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the
cluster-network-03-config.ymlfile, such as in the following examples:Specify a different VXLAN port for the OpenShift SDN network provider
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: openshiftSDNConfig: vxlanPort: 4800Enable IPsec for the OVN-Kubernetes network provider
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: ovnKubernetesConfig: ipsecConfig: {}-
Optional: Back up the
manifests/cluster-network-03-config.ymlfile. The installation program consumes themanifests/directory when you create the Ignition config files.
8.6.9. Cluster Network Operator configuration
The configuration for the cluster network is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration and stored in a custom resource (CR) object that is named cluster. The CR specifies the fields for the Network API in the operator.openshift.io API group.
The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network API in the Network.config.openshift.io API group and these fields cannot be changed:
clusterNetwork- IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.
serviceNetwork- IP address pool for services.
defaultNetwork.type- Cluster network provider, such as OpenShift SDN or OVN-Kubernetes.
You can specify the cluster network provider configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork object in the CNO object named cluster.
8.6.9.1. Cluster Network Operator configuration object
The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
The name of the CNO object. This name is always |
|
|
| A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example: spec:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/19
hostPrefix: 23
- cidr: 10.128.32.0/19
hostPrefix: 23
You can customize this field only in the |
|
|
| A block of IP addresses for services. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. For example: spec: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/14
You can customize this field only in the |
|
|
| Configures the Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider for the cluster network. |
|
|
| The fields for this object specify the kube-proxy configuration. If you are using the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network provider, the kube-proxy configuration has no effect. |
defaultNetwork object configuration
The values for the defaultNetwork object are defined in the following table:
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Either Note OpenShift Container Platform uses the OpenShift SDN Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider by default. |
|
|
| This object is only valid for the OpenShift SDN cluster network provider. |
|
|
| This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network provider. |
Configuration for the OpenShift SDN CNI cluster network provider
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OpenShift SDN Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider.
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Configures the network isolation mode for OpenShift SDN. The default value is
The values |
|
|
| The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the VXLAN overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.
If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to This value cannot be changed after cluster installation. |
|
|
|
The port to use for all VXLAN packets. The default value is If you are running in a virtualized environment with existing nodes that are part of another VXLAN network, then you might be required to change this. For example, when running an OpenShift SDN overlay on top of VMware NSX-T, you must select an alternate port for the VXLAN, because both SDNs use the same default VXLAN port number.
On Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can select an alternate port for the VXLAN between port |
Example OpenShift SDN configuration
defaultNetwork:
type: OpenShiftSDN
openshiftSDNConfig:
mode: NetworkPolicy
mtu: 1450
vxlanPort: 4789
Configuration for the OVN-Kubernetes CNI cluster network provider
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes CNI cluster network provider.
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
|
| The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.
If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to |
|
|
|
The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is |
|
|
| Specify an empty object to enable IPsec encryption. |
|
|
| Specify a configuration object for customizing network policy audit logging. If unset, the defaults audit log settings are used. |
|
|
| Optional: Specify a configuration object for customizing how egress traffic is sent to the node gateway. Note While migrating egress traffic, you can expect some disruption to workloads and service traffic until the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) successfully rolls out the changes. |
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
| integer |
The maximum number of messages to generate every second per node. The default value is |
|
| integer |
The maximum size for the audit log in bytes. The default value is |
|
| string | One of the following additional audit log targets:
|
|
| string |
The syslog facility, such as |
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Set this field to
This field has an interaction with the Open vSwitch hardware offloading feature. If you set this field to |
Example OVN-Kubernetes configuration with IPSec enabled
defaultNetwork:
type: OVNKubernetes
ovnKubernetesConfig:
mtu: 1400
genevePort: 6081
ipsecConfig: {}
kubeProxyConfig object configuration
The values for the kubeProxyConfig object are defined in the following table:
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
The refresh period for Note
Because of performance improvements introduced in OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 and greater, adjusting the |
|
|
|
The minimum duration before refreshing kubeProxyConfig:
proxyArguments:
iptables-min-sync-period:
- 0s
|
8.6.10. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
-
The
GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS,GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, orGCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSONenvironment variables -
The
~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.jsonfile -
The
gcloud clidefault credentials
-
The
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
-
If you assigned the
Ownerrole to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with theViewerrole. -
If you included the
Service Account Key Adminrole, you can remove it.
-
If you assigned the
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.6.11. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.6.12. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
8.6.13. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.6.14. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
8.7. Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content on an existing Google Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
You can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using mirrored installation release content, but your cluster will require internet access to use the GCP APIs.
8.7.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
You mirrored the images for a disconnected installation to your registry and obtained the
imageContentSourcesdata for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.ImportantBecause the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
You have an existing VPC in GCP. While installing a cluster in a restricted network that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, you cannot use the installer-provisioned VPC. You must use a user-provisioned VPC that satisfies one of the following requirements:
- Contains the mirror registry
- Has firewall rules or a peering connection to access the mirror registry hosted elsewhere
-
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to. While you might need to grant access to more sites, you must grant access to
*.googleapis.comandaccounts.google.com. -
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
8.7.2. About installations in restricted networks
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.
If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.
To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift image registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.
8.7.2.1. Additional limits
Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:
-
The
ClusterVersionstatus includes anUnable to retrieve available updateserror. - By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.
8.7.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.7.4. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Set the
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALSenvironment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.7.5. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
-
Have the
imageContentSourcesvalues that were generated during mirror registry creation. - Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yamlfile.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Edit the
install-config.yamlfile to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.Update the
pullSecretvalue to contain the authentication information for your registry:pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'For
<mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for<credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.Add the
additionalTrustBundleparameter and value.additionalTrustBundle: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE-----
The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
Define the network and subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in under the parent
platform.gcpfield:network: <existing_vpc> controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet> computeSubnet: <compute_subnet>
For
platform.gcp.network, specify the name for the existing Google VPC. Forplatform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnetandplatform.gcp.computeSubnet, specify the existing subnets to deploy the control plane machines and compute machines, respectively.Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:
imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
For these values, use the
imageContentSourcesthat you recorded during mirror registry creation.
-
Make any other modifications to the
install-config.yamlfile that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section. Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.7.5.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.
8.7.5.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
|
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{
"auths":{
"cloud.openshift.com":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
},
"quay.io":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
}
}
}
|
8.7.5.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
|
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider to install. |
Either |
|
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
|
|
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
|
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
8.7.5.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
|
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. | String array |
|
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
|
| Enables Linux control groups version 2 (cgroups v2) on specific nodes in your cluster. The OpenShift Container Platform process for enabling cgroups v2 disables all cgroup version 1 controllers and hierarchies. The OpenShift Container Platform cgroups version 2 feature is in Developer Preview and is not supported by Red Hat at this time. |
|
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
|
|
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
|
Required if you use | String |
|
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
|
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
8.7.5.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters
Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The name of the existing VPC that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your compute machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important
The | Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installer to copy the source image before use. |
|
| The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). | Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB. |
|
| The type of disk. |
Either the default |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The GCP machine type. | The GCP machine type. |
|
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the specified MachinePool. |
A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
8.7.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.7.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.23. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.7.5.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.
Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type
compute:
- architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: worker
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 2
controlPlane:
architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: master
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 3
8.7.5.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP
You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 3 hyperthreading: Enabled 4 name: master platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-ssd diskSizeGB: 1024 encryptionKey: 5 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 6 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 compute: 7 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-standard diskSizeGB: 128 encryptionKey: 10 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 11 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OpenShiftSDN serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: gcp: projectID: openshift-production 13 region: us-central1 14 defaultMachinePlatform: osImage: 15 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name network: existing_vpc 16 controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 17 computeSubnet: compute_subnet 18 pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}' 19 fips: false 20 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 21 additionalTrustBundle: | 22 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- imageContentSources: 23 - mirrors: - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev
- 1 12 13 14
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 7
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 8
- The
controlPlanesection is a single mapping, but thecomputesection is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecomputesection must begin with a hyphen,-, and the first line of thecontrolPlanesection must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as
n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 10
- Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the
service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.compattern. For more information on granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management""Creating machine sets" "Creating a machine set on GCP". - 6 11 15
- Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The
projectandnameparameters underplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageapply to both control plane and compute machines. If theprojectandnameparameters undercontrolPlane.platform.gcp.osImageorcompute.platform.gcp.osImageare set, they override theplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageparameters. - 16
- Specify the name of an existing VPC.
- 17
- Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the control plane machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
- 18
- Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the compute machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
- 19
- For
<local_registry>, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example,registry.example.comorregistry.example.com:5000. For<credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry. - 20
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64architecture. - 21
- You can optionally provide the
sshKeyvalue that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses. - 22
- Provide the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry.
- 23
- Provide the
imageContentSourcessection from the output of the command to mirror the repository.
8.7.5.6. Create an Ingress Controller with global access on GCP
You can create an Ingress Controller that has global access to a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cluster. Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.
Prerequisites
-
You created the
install-config.yamland complete any modifications to it.
Procedure
Create an Ingress Controller with global access on a new GCP cluster.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create a manifest file:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile for your cluster.
Create a file that is named
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlin the<installation_directory>/manifests/directory:$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains themanifests/directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the
manifests/directory, as shown:$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Example output
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Open the
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlfile in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:Sample
clientAccessconfiguration toGlobalapiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: IngressController metadata: name: default namespace: openshift-ingress-operator spec: endpointPublishingStrategy: loadBalancer: providerParameters: gcp: clientAccess: Global 1 type: GCP scope: Internal 2 type: LoadBalancerService
8.7.5.7. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.7.6. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
-
The
GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS,GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, orGCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSONenvironment variables -
The
~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.jsonfile -
The
gcloud clidefault credentials
-
The
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
-
If you assigned the
Ownerrole to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with theViewerrole. -
If you included the
Service Account Key Adminrole, you can remove it.
-
If you assigned the
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.7.7. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.7.8. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
8.7.9. Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.
Procedure
Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding
disableAllDefaultSources: trueto theOperatorHubobject:$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \ -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration
8.7.10. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.7.11. Next steps
- Validate an installation.
- Customize your cluster.
-
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the
must-gathertool. - Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks.
- If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
- If necessary, see Registering your disconnected cluster
8.8. Installing a cluster on GCP into an existing VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a cluster into an existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.
8.8.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
8.8.2. About using a custom VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing GCP VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option. You must configure networking for the subnets.
8.8.2.1. Requirements for using your VPC
The union of the VPC CIDR block and the machine network CIDR must be non-empty. The subnets must be within the machine network.
The installation program does not create the following components:
- NAT gateways
- Subnets
- Route tables
- VPC network
The installation program requires that you use the cloud-provided DNS server. Using a custom DNS server is not supported and causes the installation to fail.
8.8.2.2. VPC validation
To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:
- All the subnets that you specify exist.
- You provide one subnet for control-plane machines and one subnet for compute machines.
- The subnet’s CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
8.8.2.3. Division of permissions
Some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.
8.8.2.4. Isolation between clusters
If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:
- You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
- ICMP ingress is allowed to the entire network.
- TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
- Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
- Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.
8.8.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.8.4. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Set the
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALSenvironment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.8.5. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
8.8.6. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yamlfile.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
-
Modify the
install-config.yamlfile. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.8.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.
8.8.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
|
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{
"auths":{
"cloud.openshift.com":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
},
"quay.io":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
}
}
}
|
8.8.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
|
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider to install. |
Either |
|
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
|
|
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
|
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
8.8.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
|
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. | String array |
|
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
|
| Enables Linux control groups version 2 (cgroups v2) on specific nodes in your cluster. The OpenShift Container Platform process for enabling cgroups v2 disables all cgroup version 1 controllers and hierarchies. The OpenShift Container Platform cgroups version 2 feature is in Developer Preview and is not supported by Red Hat at this time. |
|
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
|
|
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
|
Required if you use | String |
|
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
|
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
8.8.6.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters
Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The name of the existing VPC that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your compute machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important
The | Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installer to copy the source image before use. |
|
| The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). | Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB. |
|
| The type of disk. |
Either the default |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The GCP machine type. | The GCP machine type. |
|
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the specified MachinePool. |
A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
8.8.6.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.8.6.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.24. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.8.6.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.
Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type
compute:
- architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: worker
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 2
controlPlane:
architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: master
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 3
8.8.6.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP
You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 3 hyperthreading: Enabled 4 name: master platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-ssd diskSizeGB: 1024 encryptionKey: 5 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 6 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 compute: 7 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-standard diskSizeGB: 128 encryptionKey: 10 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 11 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OpenShiftSDN serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: gcp: projectID: openshift-production 13 region: us-central1 14 defaultMachinePlatform: osImage: 15 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name network: existing_vpc 16 controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 17 computeSubnet: compute_subnet 18 pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 19 fips: false 20 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 21
- 1 12 13 14 19
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 7
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 8
- The
controlPlanesection is a single mapping, but thecomputesection is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecomputesection must begin with a hyphen,-, and the first line of thecontrolPlanesection must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as
n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 10
- Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the
service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.compattern. For more information on granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management""Creating machine sets" "Creating a machine set on GCP". - 6 11 15
- Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The
projectandnameparameters underplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageapply to both control plane and compute machines. If theprojectandnameparameters undercontrolPlane.platform.gcp.osImageorcompute.platform.gcp.osImageare set, they override theplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageparameters. - 16
- Specify the name of an existing VPC.
- 17
- Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the control plane machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
- 18
- Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the compute machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
- 20
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64architecture. - 21
- You can optionally provide the
sshKeyvalue that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.
8.8.6.6. Create an Ingress Controller with global access on GCP
You can create an Ingress Controller that has global access to a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cluster. Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.
Prerequisites
-
You created the
install-config.yamland complete any modifications to it.
Procedure
Create an Ingress Controller with global access on a new GCP cluster.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create a manifest file:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile for your cluster.
Create a file that is named
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlin the<installation_directory>/manifests/directory:$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains themanifests/directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the
manifests/directory, as shown:$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Example output
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Open the
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlfile in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:Sample
clientAccessconfiguration toGlobalapiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: IngressController metadata: name: default namespace: openshift-ingress-operator spec: endpointPublishingStrategy: loadBalancer: providerParameters: gcp: clientAccess: Global 1 type: GCP scope: Internal 2 type: LoadBalancerService
8.8.7. Additional resources
8.8.7.1. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.8.8. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
-
The
GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS,GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, orGCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSONenvironment variables -
The
~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.jsonfile -
The
gcloud clidefault credentials
-
The
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
-
If you assigned the
Ownerrole to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with theViewerrole. -
If you included the
Service Account Key Adminrole, you can remove it.
-
If you assigned the
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.8.9. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.8.10. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
8.8.11. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.8.12. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
8.9. Installing a private cluster on GCP
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a private cluster into an existing VPC on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The installation program provisions the rest of the required infrastructure, which you can further customize. To customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster.
8.9.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- You configured a GCP project to host the cluster.
- If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
-
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
8.9.2. Private clusters
You can deploy a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that does not expose external endpoints. Private clusters are accessible from only an internal network and are not visible to the internet.
By default, OpenShift Container Platform is provisioned to use publicly-accessible DNS and endpoints. A private cluster sets the DNS, Ingress Controller, and API server to private when you deploy your cluster. This means that the cluster resources are only accessible from your internal network and are not visible to the internet.
If the cluster has any public subnets, load balancer services created by administrators might be publicly accessible. To ensure cluster security, verify that these services are explicitly annotated as private.
To deploy a private cluster, you must:
- Use existing networking that meets your requirements. Your cluster resources might be shared between other clusters on the network.
Deploy from a machine that has access to:
- The API services for the cloud to which you provision.
- The hosts on the network that you provision.
- The internet to obtain installation media.
You can use any machine that meets these access requirements and follows your company’s guidelines. For example, this machine can be a bastion host on your cloud network or a machine that has access to the network through a VPN.
8.9.2.1. Private clusters in GCP
To create a private cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP), you must provide an existing private VPC and subnets to host the cluster. The installation program must also be able to resolve the DNS records that the cluster requires. The installation program configures the Ingress Operator and API server for only internal traffic.
The cluster still requires access to internet to access the GCP APIs.
The following items are not required or created when you install a private cluster:
- Public subnets
- Public network load balancers, which support public ingress
-
A public DNS zone that matches the
baseDomainfor the cluster
The installation program does use the baseDomain that you specify to create a private DNS zone and the required records for the cluster. The cluster is configured so that the Operators do not create public records for the cluster and all cluster machines are placed in the private subnets that you specify.
Because it is not possible to limit access to external load balancers based on source tags, the private cluster uses only internal load balancers to allow access to internal instances.
The internal load balancer relies on instance groups rather than the target pools that the network load balancers use. The installation program creates instance groups for each zone, even if there is no instance in that group.
- The cluster IP address is internal only.
- One forwarding rule manages both the Kubernetes API and machine config server ports.
- The backend service is comprised of each zone’s instance group and, while it exists, the bootstrap instance group.
- The firewall uses a single rule that is based on only internal source ranges.
8.9.2.1.1. Limitations
No health check for the Machine config server, /healthz, runs because of a difference in load balancer functionality. Two internal load balancers cannot share a single IP address, but two network load balancers can share a single external IP address. Instead, the health of an instance is determined entirely by the /readyz check on port 6443.
8.9.3. About using a custom VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you can deploy a cluster into an existing VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). If you do, you must also use existing subnets within the VPC and routing rules.
By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing GCP VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. This is a good option to use if you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself.
8.9.3.1. Requirements for using your VPC
The installation program will no longer create the following components:
- VPC
- Subnets
- Cloud router
- Cloud NAT
- NAT IP addresses
If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. The installation program cannot subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use, set route tables for the subnets, or set VPC options like DHCP, so you must do so before you install the cluster.
Your VPC and subnets must meet the following characteristics:
- The VPC must be in the same GCP project that you deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster to.
- To allow access to the internet from the control plane and compute machines, you must configure cloud NAT on the subnets to allow egress to it. These machines do not have a public address. Even if you do not require access to the internet, you must allow egress to the VPC network to obtain the installation program and images. Because multiple cloud NATs cannot be configured on the shared subnets, the installation program cannot configure it.
To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:
- All the subnets that you specify exist and belong to the VPC that you specified.
- The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR.
- You must provide a subnet to deploy the cluster control plane and compute machines to. You can use the same subnet for both machine types.
If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted.
8.9.3.2. Division of permissions
Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resources in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or Ingress rules.
The GCP credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as load balancers, security groups, storage, and nodes.
8.9.3.3. Isolation between clusters
If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is preserved by firewall rules that reference the machines in your cluster by the cluster’s infrastructure ID. Only traffic within the cluster is allowed.
If you deploy multiple clusters to the same VPC, the following components might share access between clusters:
- The API, which is globally available with an external publishing strategy or available throughout the network in an internal publishing strategy
- Debugging tools, such as ports on VM instances that are open to the machine CIDR for SSH and ICMP access
8.9.4. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.9.5. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.
NoteIf you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.NoteOn some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
NoteIf your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Set the
GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALSenvironment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
8.9.6. Obtaining the installation program
Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on a local computer.
Prerequisites
- You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Procedure
- Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
- Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
ImportantThe installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
ImportantDeleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
- Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.
8.9.7. Manually creating the installation configuration file
For installations of a private OpenShift Container Platform cluster that are only accessible from an internal network and are not visible to the internet, you must manually generate your installation configuration file.
Prerequisites
- You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
- You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:
$ mkdir <installation_directory>
ImportantYou must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Customize the sample
install-config.yamlfile template that is provided and save it in the<installation_directory>.NoteYou must name this configuration file
install-config.yaml.NoteFor some platform types, you can alternatively run
./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>to generate aninstall-config.yamlfile. You can provide details about your cluster configuration at the prompts.Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.
8.9.7.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.
8.9.7.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
|
| Get a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{
"auths":{
"cloud.openshift.com":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
},
"quay.io":{
"auth":"b3Blb=",
"email":"you@example.com"
}
}
}
|
8.9.7.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object Note
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
|
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider to install. |
Either |
|
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
|
|
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
|
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, Note
Set the |
8.9.7.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
|
| Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by disabling optional components. | String array |
|
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in | String array |
|
| Enables Linux control groups version 2 (cgroups v2) on specific nodes in your cluster. The OpenShift Container Platform process for enabling cgroups v2 disables all cgroup version 1 controllers and hierarchies. The OpenShift Container Platform cgroups version 2 feature is in Developer Preview and is not supported by Red Hat at this time. |
|
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
|
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or Important If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
|
|
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported. If you are installing on GCP into a shared virtual private cloud (VPC), Note Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information on CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content. Note
If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the |
|
|
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the Note If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
|
Required if you use | String |
|
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
|
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
|
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. Note
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
8.9.7.1.4. Additional Google Cloud Platform (GCP) configuration parameters
Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
|
| The name of the existing VPC that you want to deploy your cluster to. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP project where the installation program installs the cluster. | String. |
|
| The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your compute machines to. | The subnet name. |
|
| A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images. Important
The | Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installer to copy the source image before use. |
|
| The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). | Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB. |
|
| The type of disk. |
Either the default |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot control plane and compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for both types of machines. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The GCP machine type. | The GCP machine type. |
|
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the specified MachinePool. |
A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for control plane machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For control plane machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For control plane machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that is used to boot control plane machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for control plane machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot control plane machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
|
| The name of the customer managed encryption key to be used for compute machine disk encryption. | The encryption key name. |
|
| For compute machines, the name of the KMS key ring to which the KMS key belongs. | The KMS key ring name. |
|
| For compute machines, the GCP location in which the key ring exists. For more information on KMS locations, see Google’s documentation on Cloud KMS locations. | The GCP location for the key ring. |
|
| For compute machines, the ID of the project in which the KMS key ring exists. This value defaults to the VM project ID if not set. | The GCP project ID. |
|
| Optional. By default, the installation program downloads and installs the RHCOS image that is used to boot compute machines. You can override the default behavior by specifying the location of a custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use for compute machines only. | String. The name of GCP project where the image is located. |
|
|
The name of the custom RHCOS image for the installation program to use to boot compute machines. If you use | String. The name of the RHCOS image. |
8.9.7.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.9.7.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.25. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.9.7.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
As part of the installation process, you specify the custom machine type in the install-config.yaml file.
Sample install-config.yaml file with a custom machine type
compute:
- architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: worker
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 2
controlPlane:
architecture: amd64
hyperthreading: Enabled
name: master
platform:
gcp:
type: custom-6-20480
replicas: 3
8.9.7.5. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for GCP
You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 3 hyperthreading: Enabled 4 name: master platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-ssd diskSizeGB: 1024 encryptionKey: 5 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 6 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 compute: 7 8 - hyperthreading: Enabled 9 name: worker platform: gcp: type: n2-standard-4 zones: - us-central1-a - us-central1-c osDisk: diskType: pd-standard diskSizeGB: 128 encryptionKey: 10 kmsKey: name: worker-key keyRing: test-machine-keys location: global projectID: project-id osImage: 11 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 12 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OpenShiftSDN serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: gcp: projectID: openshift-production 13 region: us-central1 14 defaultMachinePlatform: osImage: 15 project: example-project-name name: example-image-name network: existing_vpc 16 controlPlaneSubnet: control_plane_subnet 17 computeSubnet: compute_subnet 18 pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 19 fips: false 20 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 21 publish: Internal 22
- 1 12 13 14 19
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 7
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 8
- The
controlPlanesection is a single mapping, but thecomputesection is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecomputesection must begin with a hyphen,-, and the first line of thecontrolPlanesection must not. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4 9
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.ImportantIf you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger machine types, such as
n1-standard-8, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 5 10
- Optional: The custom encryption key section to encrypt both virtual machines and persistent volumes. Your default compute service account must have the permissions granted to use your KMS key and have the correct IAM role assigned. The default service account name follows the
service-<project_number>@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.compattern. For more information on granting the correct permissions for your service account, see "Machine management""Creating machine sets" "Creating a machine set on GCP". - 6 11 15
- Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for the installation program to use to boot control plane and compute machines. The
projectandnameparameters underplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageapply to both control plane and compute machines. If theprojectandnameparameters undercontrolPlane.platform.gcp.osImageorcompute.platform.gcp.osImageare set, they override theplatform.gcp.defaultMachinePlatform.osImageparameters. - 16
- Specify the name of an existing VPC.
- 17
- Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the control plane machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
- 18
- Specify the name of the existing subnet to deploy the compute machines to. The subnet must belong to the VPC that you specified.
- 20
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.Important
To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Installing the system in FIPS mode. The use of FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform deployments on the
x86_64architecture. - 21
- You can optionally provide the
sshKeyvalue that you use to access the machines in your cluster.NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses. - 22
- How to publish the user-facing endpoints of your cluster. Set
publishtoInternalto deploy a private cluster, which cannot be accessed from the internet. The default value isExternal.
8.9.7.6. Create an Ingress Controller with global access on GCP
You can create an Ingress Controller that has global access to a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cluster. Global access is only available to Ingress Controllers using internal load balancers.
Prerequisites
-
You created the
install-config.yamland complete any modifications to it.
Procedure
Create an Ingress Controller with global access on a new GCP cluster.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create a manifest file:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile for your cluster.
Create a file that is named
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlin the<installation_directory>/manifests/directory:$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains themanifests/directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the
manifests/directory, as shown:$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Example output
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yaml
Open the
cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlfile in an editor and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Operator configuration you want:Sample
clientAccessconfiguration toGlobalapiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: IngressController metadata: name: default namespace: openshift-ingress-operator spec: endpointPublishingStrategy: loadBalancer: providerParameters: gcp: clientAccess: Global 1 type: GCP scope: Internal 2 type: LoadBalancerService
8.9.8. Additional resources
8.9.8.1. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.9.9. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Remove any existing GCP credentials that do not use the service account key for the GCP account that you configured for your cluster and that are stored in the following locations:
-
The
GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS,GOOGLE_CLOUD_KEYFILE_JSON, orGCLOUD_KEYFILE_JSONenvironment variables -
The
~/.gcp/osServiceAccount.jsonfile -
The
gcloud clidefault credentials
-
The
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
NoteIf the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: You can reduce the number of permissions for the service account that you used to install the cluster.
-
If you assigned the
Ownerrole to your service account, you can remove that role and replace it with theViewerrole. -
If you included the
Service Account Key Adminrole, you can remove it.
-
If you assigned the
Verification
When the cluster deployment completes successfully:
-
The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser. -
Credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.
Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Example output
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
8.9.10. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.9.11. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.
8.9.12. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.9.13. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
8.10. Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in GCP by using Deployment Manager templates
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide.
The steps for performing a user-provided infrastructure install are outlined here. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods.
The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.
8.10.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.NoteBe sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.
8.10.2. Certificate signing requests management
Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.
8.10.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.10.4. Configuring your GCP project
Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.
8.10.4.1. Creating a GCP project
To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.
Procedure
Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
ImportantYour GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the
api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.
8.10.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP
Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
Enable the following required API services in the project that hosts your cluster. You may also enable optional API services which are not required for installation. See Enabling services in the GCP documentation.
Table 8.37. Required API services API service Console service name Compute Engine API
compute.googleapis.comCloud Resource Manager API
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.comGoogle DNS API
dns.googleapis.comIAM Service Account Credentials API
iamcredentials.googleapis.comIdentity and Access Management (IAM) API
iam.googleapis.comService Usage API
serviceusage.googleapis.comTable 8.38. Optional API services API service Console service name Cloud Deployment Manager V2 API
deploymentmanager.googleapis.comGoogle Cloud APIs
cloudapis.googleapis.comService Management API
servicemanagement.googleapis.comGoogle Cloud Storage JSON API
storage-api.googleapis.comCloud Storage
storage-component.googleapis.com
8.10.4.3. Configuring DNS for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the same project that you host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.
Procedure
Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
NoteIf you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as
openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such asclusters.openshiftcorp.com.Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
- Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
- If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
- If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.
8.10.4.4. GCP account limits
The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) components, but the default Quotas do not affect your ability to install a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
A default cluster, which contains three compute and three control plane machines, uses the following resources. Note that some resources are required only during the bootstrap process and are removed after the cluster deploys.
| Service | Component | Location | Total resources required | Resources removed after bootstrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service account | IAM | Global | 5 | 0 |
| Firewall rules | Networking | Global | 11 | 1 |
| Forwarding rules | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Health checks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Images | Compute | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Networks | Networking | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routers | Networking | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routes | Networking | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Subnetworks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Target pools | Networking | Global | 2 | 0 |
If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.
Be sure to consider your actual cluster size, planned cluster growth, and any usage from other clusters that are associated with your account. The CPU, static IP addresses, and persistent disk SSD (storage) quotas are the ones that are most likely to be insufficient.
If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:
-
asia-east2 -
asia-northeast2 -
asia-south1 -
australia-southeast1 -
europe-north1 -
europe-west2 -
europe-west3 -
europe-west6 -
northamerica-northeast1 -
southamerica-east1 -
us-west2
You can increase resource quotas from the GCP console, but you might need to file a support ticket. Be sure to plan your cluster size early so that you can allow time to resolve the support ticket before you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
8.10.4.5. Creating a service account in GCP
OpenShift Container Platform requires a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) service account that provides authentication and authorization to access data in the Google APIs. If you do not have an existing IAM service account that contains the required roles in your project, you must create one.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
- Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the
Ownerrole to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.NoteWhile making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
Create the service account key in JSON format. See Creating service account keys in the GCP documentation.
The service account key is required to create a cluster.
8.10.4.6. Required GCP roles
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a service account with the following permissions. If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:
Required roles for the installation program
- Compute Admin
- Security Admin
- Service Account Admin
- Service Account Key Admin
- Service Account User
- Storage Admin
Required roles for creating network resources during installation
- DNS Administrator
Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure
- Deployment Manager Editor
The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:
| Account | Roles |
|---|---|
| Control Plane |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Compute |
|
|
|
8.10.4.7. Required GCP permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform.
If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the user-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Example 8.26. Required permissions for creating network resources
-
compute.addresses.create -
compute.addresses.createInternal -
compute.addresses.delete -
compute.addresses.get -
compute.addresses.list -
compute.addresses.use -
compute.addresses.useInternal -
compute.firewalls.create -
compute.firewalls.delete -
compute.firewalls.get -
compute.firewalls.list -
compute.forwardingRules.create -
compute.forwardingRules.get -
compute.forwardingRules.list -
compute.forwardingRules.setLabels -
compute.networks.create -
compute.networks.get -
compute.networks.list -
compute.networks.updatePolicy -
compute.routers.create -
compute.routers.get -
compute.routers.list -
compute.routers.update -
compute.routes.list -
compute.subnetworks.create -
compute.subnetworks.get -
compute.subnetworks.list -
compute.subnetworks.use -
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp
Example 8.27. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources
-
compute.regionBackendServices.create -
compute.regionBackendServices.get -
compute.regionBackendServices.list -
compute.regionBackendServices.update -
compute.regionBackendServices.use -
compute.targetPools.addInstance -
compute.targetPools.create -
compute.targetPools.get -
compute.targetPools.list -
compute.targetPools.removeInstance -
compute.targetPools.use
Example 8.28. Required permissions for creating DNS resources
-
dns.changes.create -
dns.changes.get -
dns.managedZones.create -
dns.managedZones.get -
dns.managedZones.list -
dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone -
dns.resourceRecordSets.create -
dns.resourceRecordSets.list -
dns.resourceRecordSets.update
Example 8.29. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources
-
iam.serviceAccountKeys.create -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.get -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.list -
iam.serviceAccounts.actAs -
iam.serviceAccounts.create -
iam.serviceAccounts.delete -
iam.serviceAccounts.get -
iam.serviceAccounts.list -
resourcemanager.projects.get -
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy -
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy
Example 8.30. Required permissions for creating compute resources
-
compute.disks.create -
compute.disks.get -
compute.disks.list -
compute.instanceGroups.create -
compute.instanceGroups.delete -
compute.instanceGroups.get -
compute.instanceGroups.list -
compute.instanceGroups.update -
compute.instanceGroups.use -
compute.instances.create -
compute.instances.delete -
compute.instances.get -
compute.instances.list -
compute.instances.setLabels -
compute.instances.setMetadata -
compute.instances.setServiceAccount -
compute.instances.setTags -
compute.instances.use -
compute.machineTypes.get -
compute.machineTypes.list
Example 8.31. Required for creating storage resources
-
storage.buckets.create -
storage.buckets.delete -
storage.buckets.get -
storage.buckets.list -
storage.objects.create -
storage.objects.delete -
storage.objects.get -
storage.objects.list
Example 8.32. Required permissions for creating health check resources
-
compute.healthChecks.create -
compute.healthChecks.get -
compute.healthChecks.list -
compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly -
compute.httpHealthChecks.create -
compute.httpHealthChecks.get -
compute.httpHealthChecks.list -
compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly
Example 8.33. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information
-
compute.globalOperations.get -
compute.regionOperations.get -
compute.regions.list -
compute.zoneOperations.get -
compute.zones.get -
compute.zones.list
Example 8.34. Required permissions for checking services and quotas
-
monitoring.timeSeries.list -
serviceusage.quotas.get -
serviceusage.services.list
Example 8.35. Required IAM permissions for installation
-
iam.roles.get
Example 8.36. Required Images permissions for installation
-
compute.images.create -
compute.images.delete -
compute.images.get -
compute.images.list
Example 8.37. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap
-
compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput
Example 8.38. Required permissions for deleting network resources
-
compute.addresses.delete -
compute.addresses.deleteInternal -
compute.addresses.list -
compute.firewalls.delete -
compute.firewalls.list -
compute.forwardingRules.delete -
compute.forwardingRules.list -
compute.networks.delete -
compute.networks.list -
compute.networks.updatePolicy -
compute.routers.delete -
compute.routers.list -
compute.routes.list -
compute.subnetworks.delete -
compute.subnetworks.list
Example 8.39. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources
-
compute.regionBackendServices.delete -
compute.regionBackendServices.list -
compute.targetPools.delete -
compute.targetPools.list
Example 8.40. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources
-
dns.changes.create -
dns.managedZones.delete -
dns.managedZones.get -
dns.managedZones.list -
dns.resourceRecordSets.delete -
dns.resourceRecordSets.list
Example 8.41. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources
-
iam.serviceAccounts.delete -
iam.serviceAccounts.get -
iam.serviceAccounts.list -
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy -
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy
Example 8.42. Required permissions for deleting compute resources
-
compute.disks.delete -
compute.disks.list -
compute.instanceGroups.delete -
compute.instanceGroups.list -
compute.instances.delete -
compute.instances.list -
compute.instances.stop -
compute.machineTypes.list
Example 8.43. Required for deleting storage resources
-
storage.buckets.delete -
storage.buckets.getIamPolicy -
storage.buckets.list -
storage.objects.delete -
storage.objects.list
Example 8.44. Required permissions for deleting health check resources
-
compute.healthChecks.delete -
compute.healthChecks.list -
compute.httpHealthChecks.delete -
compute.httpHealthChecks.list
Example 8.45. Required Images permissions for deletion
-
compute.images.delete -
compute.images.list
Example 8.46. Required permissions to get Region related information
-
compute.regions.get
Example 8.47. Required Deployment Manager permissions
-
deploymentmanager.deployments.create -
deploymentmanager.deployments.delete -
deploymentmanager.deployments.get -
deploymentmanager.deployments.list -
deploymentmanager.manifests.get -
deploymentmanager.operations.get -
deploymentmanager.resources.list
Additional resources
8.10.4.8. Supported GCP regions
You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:
-
asia-east1(Changhua County, Taiwan) -
asia-east2(Hong Kong) -
asia-northeast1(Tokyo, Japan) -
asia-northeast2(Osaka, Japan) -
asia-northeast3(Seoul, South Korea) -
asia-south1(Mumbai, India) -
asia-south2(Delhi, India) -
asia-southeast1(Jurong West, Singapore) -
asia-southeast2(Jakarta, Indonesia) -
australia-southeast1(Sydney, Australia) -
australia-southeast2(Melbourne, Australia) -
europe-central2(Warsaw, Poland) -
europe-north1(Hamina, Finland) -
europe-southwest1(Madrid, Spain) -
europe-west1(St. Ghislain, Belgium) -
europe-west2(London, England, UK) -
europe-west3(Frankfurt, Germany) -
europe-west4(Eemshaven, Netherlands) -
europe-west6(Zürich, Switzerland) -
europe-west8(Milan, Italy) -
europe-west9(Paris, France) -
europe-west12(Turin, Italy) -
northamerica-northeast1(Montréal, Québec, Canada) -
northamerica-northeast2(Toronto, Ontario, Canada) -
southamerica-east1(São Paulo, Brazil) -
southamerica-west1(Santiago, Chile) -
us-central1(Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA) -
us-east1(Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA) -
us-east4(Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA) -
us-east5(Columbus, Ohio) -
us-south1(Dallas, Texas) -
us-west1(The Dalles, Oregon, USA) -
us-west2(Los Angeles, California, USA) -
us-west3(Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) -
us-west4(Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)
To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.
8.10.4.9. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
- You created a service account and granted it the required permissions.
Procedure
Install the following binaries in
$PATH:-
gcloud -
gsutil
See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation.
-
Authenticate using the
gcloudtool with your configured service account.See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation.
8.10.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure
For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.
This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.
8.10.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation
The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:
| Hosts | Description |
|---|---|
| One temporary bootstrap machine | The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster. |
| Three control plane machines | The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane. |
| At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines. | The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines. |
To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.
The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.6 and later.
Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.
8.10.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
8.10.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.48. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.10.5.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
8.10.6. Creating the installation files for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.
8.10.6.1. Optional: Creating a separate /var partition
It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.
OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:
-
/var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system. -
/var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage. -
/var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.
Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.
Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation.
If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section.
Procedure
Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files:
$ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
Run
openshift-installto create a set of files in themanifestandopenshiftsubdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:$ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
Example output
? SSH Public Key ... INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials" INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift
Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the
clusterconfig/openshiftdirectory:$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/
Example output
99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml ...
Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file
$HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on theworkersystems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the/vardirectory on a separate partition:variant: openshift version: 4.11.0 metadata: labels: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker name: 98-var-partition storage: disks: - device: /dev/<device_name> 1 partitions: - label: var start_mib: <partition_start_offset> 2 size_mib: <partition_size> 3 filesystems: - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var path: /var format: xfs mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] 4 with_mount_unit: true- 1
- The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
- 2
- When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
- 3
- The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
- 4
- The
prjquotamount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.
NoteWhen creating a separate
/varpartition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the
clusterconfig/openshiftdirectory. For example, run the following command:$ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
Run
openshift-installagain to create Ignition configs from a set of files in themanifestandopenshiftsubdirectories:$ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/ auth bootstrap.ign master.ign metadata.json worker.ign
Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.
8.10.6.2. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yamlfile.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, empty the compute pool by editing the resulting
install-config.yamlfile to setreplicasto0for thecomputepool:compute: - hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker platform: {} replicas: 0 1- 1
- Set to
0.
-
Modify the
install-config.yamlfile. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section. Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.10.6.3. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.10.6.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files
Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.
The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.
-
The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Prerequisites
- You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
-
You created the
install-config.yamlinstallation configuration file.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.
Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Check that the
mastersSchedulableparameter in the<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.ymlKubernetes manifest file is set tofalse. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:-
Open the
<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.ymlfile. -
Locate the
mastersSchedulableparameter and ensure that it is set tofalse. - Save and exit the file.
-
Open the
Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the
privateZoneandpublicZonesections from the<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.ymlDNS configuration file:apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: DNS metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: cluster spec: baseDomain: example.openshift.com privateZone: 1 id: mycluster-100419-private-zone publicZone: 2 id: example.openshift.com status: {}
If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.
To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.
Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The
kubeadmin-passwordandkubeconfigfiles are created in the./<installation_directory>/authdirectory:. ├── auth │ ├── kubeadmin-password │ └── kubeconfig ├── bootstrap.ign ├── master.ign ├── metadata.json └── worker.ign
Additional resources
8.10.7. Exporting common variables
8.10.7.1. Extracting the infrastructure name
The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate GCP resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided Deployment Manager templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it.
Prerequisites
- You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
-
You installed the
jqpackage.
Procedure
To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command:
$ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
openshift-vw9j6 1- 1
- The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.
8.10.7.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates
You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Deployment Manager templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
-
Install the
jqpackage.
Procedure
Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates:
$ export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>' $ export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>' $ export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16' $ export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17' $ export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17' $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1 $ export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export REGION=`jq -r .gcp.region <installation_directory>/metadata.json`- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
8.10.8. Creating a VPC in GCP
You must create a VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements. One way to create the VPC is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as
01_vpc.pyon your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires. Create a
01_vpc.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml imports: - path: 01_vpc.py resources: - name: cluster-vpc type: 01_vpc.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 region: '${REGION}' 2 master_subnet_cidr: '${MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3 worker_subnet_cidr: '${WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 3
master_subnet_cidris the CIDR for the master subnet, for example10.0.0.0/17.- 4
worker_subnet_cidris the CIDR for the worker subnet, for example10.0.128.0/17.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-vpc --config 01_vpc.yaml
8.10.8.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.49. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network',
'type': 'compute.v1.network',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'autoCreateSubnetworks': False
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet',
'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet',
'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router',
'type': 'compute.v1.router',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'nats': [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master',
'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
'minPortsPerVm': 7168,
'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
'subnetworks': [{
'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)',
'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
}]
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker',
'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
'minPortsPerVm': 512,
'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
'subnetworks': [{
'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)',
'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
}]
}]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure
All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.
8.10.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines, the hostname is set through NetworkManager. By default, the machines obtain their hostname through DHCP. If the hostname is not provided by DHCP, set statically through kernel arguments, or another method, it is obtained through a reverse DNS lookup. Reverse DNS lookup occurs after the network has been initialized on a node and can take time to resolve. Other system services can start prior to this and detect the hostname as localhost or similar. You can avoid this by using DHCP to provide the hostname for each cluster node.
Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation.
8.10.9.2. Network connectivity requirements
You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OpenShift Container Platform cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.
This section provides details about the ports that are required.
In connected OpenShift Container Platform environments, all nodes are required to have internet access to pull images for platform containers and provide telemetry data to Red Hat.
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ICMP | N/A | Network reachability tests |
| TCP |
| Metrics |
|
|
Host level services, including the node exporter on ports | |
|
| The default ports that Kubernetes reserves | |
|
| openshift-sdn | |
| UDP |
| VXLAN |
|
| Geneve | |
|
|
Host level services, including the node exporter on ports | |
|
| IPsec IKE packets | |
|
| IPsec NAT-T packets | |
| TCP/UDP |
| Kubernetes node port |
| ESP | N/A | IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TCP |
| Kubernetes API |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TCP |
| etcd server and peer ports |
8.10.10. Creating load balancers in GCP
You must configure load balancers in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as
02_lb_int.pyon your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires. -
For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as
02_lb_ext.pyon your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the deployment template uses:
Export the cluster network location:
$ export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe ${INFRA_ID}-network --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the control plane subnet location:
$ export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-master-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the three zones that the cluster uses:
$ export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[0] | cut -d "/" -f9`)$ export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[1] | cut -d "/" -f9`)$ export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[2] | cut -d "/" -f9`)
Create a
02_infra.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml imports: - path: 02_lb_ext.py - path: 02_lb_int.py 1 resources: - name: cluster-lb-ext 2 type: 02_lb_ext.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 3 region: '${REGION}' 4 - name: cluster-lb-int type: 02_lb_int.py properties: cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' region: '${REGION}' zones: 6 - '${ZONE_0}' - '${ZONE_1}' - '${ZONE_2}' EOF
- 1 2
- Required only when deploying an external cluster.
- 3
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 4
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 5
control_subnetis the URI to the control subnet.- 6
zonesare the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, likeus-east1-b,us-east1-c, andus-east1-d.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yamlExport the cluster IP address:
$ export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address:
$ export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)
8.10.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.50. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region']
}
}, {
# Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check',
'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck',
'properties': {
'port': 6080,
'requestPath': '/readyz'
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool',
'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'],
'instances': []
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule',
'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)',
'target': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)',
'portRange': '6443'
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.51. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
backends = []
for zone in context.properties['zones']:
backends.append({
'group': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)'
})
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'addressType': 'INTERNAL',
'region': context.properties['region'],
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}
}, {
# Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check',
'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck',
'properties': {
'httpsHealthCheck': {
'port': 6443,
'requestPath': '/readyz'
},
'type': "HTTPS"
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service',
'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService',
'properties': {
'backends': backends,
'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'],
'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
'region': context.properties['region'],
'protocol': 'TCP',
'timeoutSec': 120
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule',
'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
'properties': {
'backendService': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service.selfLink)',
'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)',
'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
'ports': ['6443','22623'],
'region': context.properties['region'],
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}
}]
for zone in context.properties['zones']:
resources.append({
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig',
'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
'properties': {
'namedPorts': [
{
'name': 'ignition',
'port': 22623
}, {
'name': 'https',
'port': 6443
}
],
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'zone': zone
}
})
return {'resources': resources}
You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster.
8.10.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP
You must configure a private DNS zone in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create this component is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as
02_dns.pyon your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires. Create a
02_dns.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml imports: - path: 02_dns.py resources: - name: cluster-dns type: 02_dns.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 cluster_domain: '${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}' 2 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 EOFCreate the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yamlThe templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:
Add the internal DNS entries:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zoneFor an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
8.10.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.52. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone',
'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone',
'properties': {
'description': '',
'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.',
'visibility': 'private',
'privateVisibilityConfig': {
'networks': [{
'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network']
}]
}
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP
You must create firewall rules in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as
03_firewall.pyon your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires. Create a
03_firewall.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml imports: - path: 03_firewall.py resources: - name: cluster-firewall type: 03_firewall.py properties: allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1 infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 network_cidr: '${NETWORK_CIDR}' 4 EOF- 1
allowed_external_cidris the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to${NETWORK_CIDR}.- 2
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 3
cluster_networkis theselfLinkURL to the cluster network.- 4
network_cidris the CIDR of the VPC network, for example10.0.0.0/16.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml
8.10.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.53. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['6443']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624']
}],
'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['2379-2380']
}],
'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10257']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10259']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22623']
}],
'sourceTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'icmp'
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']],
'targetTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['4789', '6081']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['500', '4500']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'esp',
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['9000-9999']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['9000-9999']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10250']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['30000-32767']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['30000-32767']
}],
'sourceTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
],
'targetTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure
You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.
Procedure
Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page.
ImportantThe RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.
The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format
rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz.Create the Google storage bucket:
$ gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>
Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket:
$ gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz gs://<bucket_name>
Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable:
$ export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz
Create the cluster image:
$ gcloud compute images create "${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \ --source-uri="${IMAGE_SOURCE}"
8.10.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP
You must create the bootstrap machine in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your bootstrap machine, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Ensure pyOpenSSL is installed.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as
04_bootstrap.pyon your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires. Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires:
$ export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe ${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Create a bucket and upload the
bootstrap.ignfile:$ gsutil mb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition$ gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable:
$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign | grep "^gs:" | awk '{print $5}'`Create a
04_bootstrap.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml imports: - path: 04_bootstrap.py resources: - name: cluster-bootstrap type: 04_bootstrap.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 region: '${REGION}' 2 zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4 control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7 root_volume_size: '128' 8 bootstrap_ign: '${BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 3
zoneis the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for exampleus-central1-b.- 4
cluster_networkis theselfLinkURL to the cluster network.- 5
control_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the control subnet.- 6
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image.- 7
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 8
root_volume_sizeis the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine.- 9
bootstrap_ignis the URL output when creating a signed URL.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yamlThe templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the bootstrap machine manually.
Add the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group:
$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances \ ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrapAdd the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service:
$ gcloud compute backend-services add-backend \ ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}
8.10.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.55. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}',
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'],
'accessConfigs': [{
'natIP': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)'
}]
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig',
'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
'properties': {
'namedPorts': [
{
'name': 'ignition',
'port': 22623
}, {
'name': 'https',
'port': 6443
}
],
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP
You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as
05_control_plane.pyon your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires. Export the following variable required by the resource definition:
$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`
Create a
05_control_plane.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml imports: - path: 05_control_plane.py resources: - name: cluster-control-plane type: 05_control_plane.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 zones: 2 - '${ZONE_0}' - '${ZONE_1}' - '${ZONE_2}' control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6 ignition: '${MASTER_IGNITION}' 7 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
zonesare the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for exampleus-central1-a,us-central1-b, andus-central1-c.- 3
control_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the control subnet.- 4
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image.- 5
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 6
service_account_emailis the email address for the master service account that you created.- 7
ignitionis the contents of themaster.ignfile.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yamlThe templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually.
Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups:
$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_0}-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_1}-ig --zone=${ZONE_1} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_2}-ig --zone=${ZONE_2} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools:
$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_0}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_1}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_2}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2
8.10.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.56. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][0]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][1]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][2]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP
After you create all of the required infrastructure in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), wait for the bootstrap process to complete on the machines that you provisioned by using the Ignition config files that you generated with the installation program.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level info 2
If the command exits without a
FATALwarning, your production control plane has initialized.Delete the bootstrap resources:
$ gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}$ gsutil rm gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign$ gsutil rb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap
8.10.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP
You can create worker machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use by launching individual instances discretely or by automated processes outside the cluster, such as auto scaling groups. You can also take advantage of the built-in cluster scaling mechanisms and the machine API in OpenShift Container Platform.
In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your worker machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as
06_worker.pyon your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the resource definition uses.
Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines:
$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the email address for your service account:
$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file:
$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`
Create a
06_worker.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml imports: - path: 06_worker.py resources: - name: 'worker-0' 1 type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2 zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3 compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7 ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 8 - name: 'worker-1' type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 9 zone: '${ZONE_1}' 10 compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14 ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 15 EOF
- 1
nameis the name of the worker machine, for exampleworker-0.- 2 9
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 3 10
zoneis the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for exampleus-central1-a.- 4 11
compute_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the compute subnet.- 5 12
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image. 1- 6 13
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 7 14
service_account_emailis the email address for the worker service account that you created.- 8 15
ignitionis the contents of theworker.ignfile.
-
Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type
06_worker.pyin your06_worker.yamlresource definition file. Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml
To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use:
-
OpenShift Container Platform:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-48-x86-64-202210040145 -
OpenShift Platform Plus:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-48-x86-64-202206140145 -
OpenShift Kubernetes Engine:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-48-x86-64-202206140145
-
OpenShift Container Platform:
8.10.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.57. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'],
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.10.19. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.10.20. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
8.10.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines
When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.
Prerequisites
- You added machines to your cluster.
Procedure
Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
$ oc get nodes
Example output
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 63m v1.24.0 master-1 Ready master 63m v1.24.0 master-2 Ready master 64m v1.24.0
The output lists all of the machines that you created.
NoteThe preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.
Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the
PendingorApprovedstatus for each machine that you added to the cluster:$ oc get csr
Example output
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-8b2br 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending csr-8vnps 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending ...
In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.
If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in
Pendingstatus, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:NoteBecause the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the
machine-approverif the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.NoteFor clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the
oc exec,oc rsh, andoc logscommands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by thenode-bootstrapperservice account in thesystem:nodeorsystem:admingroups, and confirm the identity of the node.To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1- 1
<csr_name>is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approveNoteSome Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.
Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:
$ oc get csr
Example output
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-bfd72 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending csr-c57lv 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending ...
If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the
Pendingstatus, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1- 1
<csr_name>is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the
Readystatus. Verify this by running the following command:$ oc get nodes
Example output
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 73m v1.24.0 master-1 Ready master 73m v1.24.0 master-2 Ready master 74m v1.24.0 worker-0 Ready worker 11m v1.24.0 worker-1 Ready worker 11m v1.24.0
NoteIt can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the
Readystatus.
Additional information
- For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.
8.10.22. Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records
If you removed the DNS zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs, you must manually create DNS records that point at the ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard *.apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records. You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
- Create the worker machines.
Procedure
Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the
EXTERNAL-IPfield:$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default
Example output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE router-default LoadBalancer 172.30.18.154 35.233.157.184 80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP 98
Add the A record to your zones:
To use A records:
Export the variable for the router IP address:
$ export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`Add the A record to the private zones:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zoneFor an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:
$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routesExample output
oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
8.10.23. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure
After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready.
Prerequisites
- Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned GCP infrastructure.
-
Install the
ocCLI and log in.
Procedure
Complete the cluster installation:
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1Example output
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Important-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Observe the running state of your cluster.
Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status:
$ oc get clusterversion
Example output
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING SINCE STATUS version False True 24m Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete
Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):
$ oc get clusteroperators
Example output
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE authentication 4.5.4 True False False 7m56s cloud-credential 4.5.4 True False False 31m cluster-autoscaler 4.5.4 True False False 16m console 4.5.4 True False False 10m csi-snapshot-controller 4.5.4 True False False 16m dns 4.5.4 True False False 22m etcd 4.5.4 False False False 25s image-registry 4.5.4 True False False 16m ingress 4.5.4 True False False 16m insights 4.5.4 True False False 17m kube-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 19m kube-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-scheduler 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-storage-version-migrator 4.5.4 True False False 16m machine-api 4.5.4 True False False 22m machine-config 4.5.4 True False False 22m marketplace 4.5.4 True False False 16m monitoring 4.5.4 True False False 10m network 4.5.4 True False False 23m node-tuning 4.5.4 True False False 23m openshift-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 17m openshift-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 15m openshift-samples 4.5.4 True False False 16m operator-lifecycle-manager 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver 4.5.4 True False False 18m service-ca 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 23m storage 4.5.4 True False False 17m
Run the following command to view your cluster pods:
$ oc get pods --all-namespaces
Example output
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 37m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-apiserver-operator openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t 1/1 Running 1 37m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fm48r 1/1 Running 0 30m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fxkvv 1/1 Running 0 29m openshift-apiserver apiserver-q85nm 1/1 Running 0 29m ... openshift-service-ca-operator openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257 1/1 Running 0 37m openshift-service-ca apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w 1/1 Running 0 32m openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm 1/1 Running 0 31m
When the current cluster version is
AVAILABLE, the installation is complete.
8.10.24. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.10.25. Next steps
8.11. Installing a cluster into a shared VPC on GCP using Deployment Manager templates
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a cluster into a shared Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide. In this context, a cluster installed into a shared VPC is a cluster that is configured to use a VPC from a project different from where the cluster is being deployed.
A shared VPC enables an organization to connect resources from multiple projects to a common VPC network. You can communicate within the organization securely and efficiently by using internal IPs from that network. For more information about shared VPC, see Shared VPC overview in the GCP documentation.
The steps for performing a user-provided infrastructure installation into a shared VPC are outlined here. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods.
The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.
8.11.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
- If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.NoteBe sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.
8.11.2. Certificate signing requests management
Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.
8.11.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.11.4. Configuring the GCP project that hosts your cluster
Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.
8.11.4.1. Creating a GCP project
To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.
Procedure
Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
ImportantYour GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the
api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.
8.11.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP
Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
Enable the following required API services in the project that hosts your cluster. You may also enable optional API services which are not required for installation. See Enabling services in the GCP documentation.
Table 8.46. Required API services API service Console service name Compute Engine API
compute.googleapis.comCloud Resource Manager API
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.comGoogle DNS API
dns.googleapis.comIAM Service Account Credentials API
iamcredentials.googleapis.comIdentity and Access Management (IAM) API
iam.googleapis.comService Usage API
serviceusage.googleapis.comTable 8.47. Optional API services API service Console service name Cloud Deployment Manager V2 API
deploymentmanager.googleapis.comGoogle Cloud APIs
cloudapis.googleapis.comService Management API
servicemanagement.googleapis.comGoogle Cloud Storage JSON API
storage-api.googleapis.comCloud Storage
storage-component.googleapis.com
8.11.4.3. GCP account limits
The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) components, but the default Quotas do not affect your ability to install a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
A default cluster, which contains three compute and three control plane machines, uses the following resources. Note that some resources are required only during the bootstrap process and are removed after the cluster deploys.
| Service | Component | Location | Total resources required | Resources removed after bootstrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service account | IAM | Global | 5 | 0 |
| Firewall rules | Networking | Global | 11 | 1 |
| Forwarding rules | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Health checks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Images | Compute | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Networks | Networking | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routers | Networking | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routes | Networking | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Subnetworks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Target pools | Networking | Global | 2 | 0 |
If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.
Be sure to consider your actual cluster size, planned cluster growth, and any usage from other clusters that are associated with your account. The CPU, static IP addresses, and persistent disk SSD (storage) quotas are the ones that are most likely to be insufficient.
If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:
-
asia-east2 -
asia-northeast2 -
asia-south1 -
australia-southeast1 -
europe-north1 -
europe-west2 -
europe-west3 -
europe-west6 -
northamerica-northeast1 -
southamerica-east1 -
us-west2
You can increase resource quotas from the GCP console, but you might need to file a support ticket. Be sure to plan your cluster size early so that you can allow time to resolve the support ticket before you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
8.11.4.4. Creating a service account in GCP
OpenShift Container Platform requires a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) service account that provides authentication and authorization to access data in the Google APIs. If you do not have an existing IAM service account that contains the required roles in your project, you must create one.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
- Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the
Ownerrole to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.NoteWhile making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
Create the service account key in JSON format. See Creating service account keys in the GCP documentation.
The service account key is required to create a cluster.
8.11.4.4.1. Required GCP roles
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a service account with the following permissions. If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:
Required roles for the installation program
- Compute Admin
- Security Admin
- Service Account Admin
- Service Account Key Admin
- Service Account User
- Storage Admin
Required roles for creating network resources during installation
- DNS Administrator
Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure
- Deployment Manager Editor
The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:
| Account | Roles |
|---|---|
| Control Plane |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Compute |
|
|
|
8.11.4.5. Supported GCP regions
You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:
-
asia-east1(Changhua County, Taiwan) -
asia-east2(Hong Kong) -
asia-northeast1(Tokyo, Japan) -
asia-northeast2(Osaka, Japan) -
asia-northeast3(Seoul, South Korea) -
asia-south1(Mumbai, India) -
asia-south2(Delhi, India) -
asia-southeast1(Jurong West, Singapore) -
asia-southeast2(Jakarta, Indonesia) -
australia-southeast1(Sydney, Australia) -
australia-southeast2(Melbourne, Australia) -
europe-central2(Warsaw, Poland) -
europe-north1(Hamina, Finland) -
europe-southwest1(Madrid, Spain) -
europe-west1(St. Ghislain, Belgium) -
europe-west2(London, England, UK) -
europe-west3(Frankfurt, Germany) -
europe-west4(Eemshaven, Netherlands) -
europe-west6(Zürich, Switzerland) -
europe-west8(Milan, Italy) -
europe-west9(Paris, France) -
europe-west12(Turin, Italy) -
northamerica-northeast1(Montréal, Québec, Canada) -
northamerica-northeast2(Toronto, Ontario, Canada) -
southamerica-east1(São Paulo, Brazil) -
southamerica-west1(Santiago, Chile) -
us-central1(Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA) -
us-east1(Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA) -
us-east4(Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA) -
us-east5(Columbus, Ohio) -
us-south1(Dallas, Texas) -
us-west1(The Dalles, Oregon, USA) -
us-west2(Los Angeles, California, USA) -
us-west3(Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) -
us-west4(Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)
To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.
8.11.4.6. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
- You created a service account and granted it the required permissions.
Procedure
Install the following binaries in
$PATH:-
gcloud -
gsutil
See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation.
-
Authenticate using the
gcloudtool with your configured service account.See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation.
8.11.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure
For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.
This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.
8.11.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation
The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:
| Hosts | Description |
|---|---|
| One temporary bootstrap machine | The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster. |
| Three control plane machines | The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane. |
| At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines. | The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines. |
To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.
The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.6 and later.
Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.
8.11.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
Additional resources
8.11.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.58. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.11.5.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
8.11.6. Configuring the GCP project that hosts your shared VPC network
If you use a shared Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), you must configure the project that hosts it.
If you already have a project that hosts the shared VPC network, review this section to ensure that the project meets all of the requirements to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Procedure
- Create a project to host the shared VPC for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
- Create a service account in the project that hosts your shared VPC. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the
Ownerrole to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.NoteWhile making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
The service account for the project that hosts the shared VPC network requires the following roles:
- Compute Network User
- Compute Security Admin
- Deployment Manager Editor
- DNS Administrator
- Security Admin
- Network Management Admin
8.11.6.1. Configuring DNS for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the project that hosts the shared VPC that you install the cluster into. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.
Procedure
Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
NoteIf you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as
openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such asclusters.openshiftcorp.com.Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
- Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
- If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
- If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.
8.11.6.2. Creating a VPC in GCP
You must create a VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements. One way to create the VPC is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as
01_vpc.pyon your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires. Export the following variables required by the resource definition:
Export the control plane CIDR:
$ export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17'
Export the compute CIDR:
$ export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17'
Export the region to deploy the VPC network and cluster to:
$ export REGION='<region>'
Export the variable for the ID of the project that hosts the shared VPC:
$ export HOST_PROJECT=<host_project>
Export the variable for the email of the service account that belongs to host project:
$ export HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT=<host_service_account_email>
Create a
01_vpc.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml imports: - path: 01_vpc.py resources: - name: cluster-vpc type: 01_vpc.py properties: infra_id: '<prefix>' 1 region: '${REGION}' 2 master_subnet_cidr: '${MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3 worker_subnet_cidr: '${WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4 EOFCreate the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create <vpc_deployment_name> --config 01_vpc.yaml --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} 1- 1
- For
<vpc_deployment_name>, specify the name of the VPC to deploy.
Export the VPC variable that other components require:
Export the name of the host project network:
$ export HOST_PROJECT_NETWORK=<vpc_network>
Export the name of the host project control plane subnet:
$ export HOST_PROJECT_CONTROL_SUBNET=<control_plane_subnet>
Export the name of the host project compute subnet:
$ export HOST_PROJECT_COMPUTE_SUBNET=<compute_subnet>
- Set up the shared VPC. See Setting up Shared VPC in the GCP documentation.
8.11.6.2.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.59. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network',
'type': 'compute.v1.network',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'autoCreateSubnetworks': False
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet',
'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet',
'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router',
'type': 'compute.v1.router',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'nats': [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master',
'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
'minPortsPerVm': 7168,
'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
'subnetworks': [{
'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)',
'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
}]
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker',
'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
'minPortsPerVm': 512,
'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
'subnetworks': [{
'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)',
'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
}]
}]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.7. Creating the installation files for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.
8.11.7.1. Manually creating the installation configuration file
Prerequisites
- You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.
- You have obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:
$ mkdir <installation_directory>
ImportantYou must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
Customize the sample
install-config.yamlfile template that is provided and save it in the<installation_directory>.NoteYou must name this configuration file
install-config.yaml.NoteFor some platform types, you can alternatively run
./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>to generate aninstall-config.yamlfile. You can provide details about your cluster configuration at the prompts.Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.
8.11.7.3. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.11.7.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files
Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.
The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.
-
The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Prerequisites
- You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
-
You created the
install-config.yamlinstallation configuration file.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Check that the
mastersSchedulableparameter in the<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.ymlKubernetes manifest file is set tofalse. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:-
Open the
<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.ymlfile. -
Locate the
mastersSchedulableparameter and ensure that it is set tofalse. - Save and exit the file.
-
Open the
Remove the
privateZonesections from the<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.ymlDNS configuration file:apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: DNS metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: cluster spec: baseDomain: example.openshift.com privateZone: 1 id: mycluster-100419-private-zone status: {}- 1
- Remove this section completely.
Configure the cloud provider for your VPC.
-
Open the
<installation_directory>/manifests/cloud-provider-config.yamlfile. -
Add the
network-project-idparameter and set its value to the ID of project that hosts the shared VPC network. -
Add the
network-nameparameter and set its value to the name of the shared VPC network that hosts the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. -
Replace the value of the
subnetwork-nameparameter with the value of the shared VPC subnet that hosts your compute machines.
The contents of the
<installation_directory>/manifests/cloud-provider-config.yamlresemble the following example:config: |+ [global] project-id = example-project regional = true multizone = true node-tags = opensh-ptzzx-master node-tags = opensh-ptzzx-worker node-instance-prefix = opensh-ptzzx external-instance-groups-prefix = opensh-ptzzx network-project-id = example-shared-vpc network-name = example-network subnetwork-name = example-worker-subnet
-
Open the
If you deploy a cluster that is not on a private network, open the
<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-ingress-default-ingresscontroller.yamlfile and replace the value of thescopeparameter withExternal. The contents of the file resemble the following example:apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: IngressController metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: default namespace: openshift-ingress-operator spec: endpointPublishingStrategy: loadBalancer: scope: External type: LoadBalancerService status: availableReplicas: 0 domain: '' selector: ''To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.
Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The
kubeadmin-passwordandkubeconfigfiles are created in the./<installation_directory>/authdirectory:. ├── auth │ ├── kubeadmin-password │ └── kubeconfig ├── bootstrap.ign ├── master.ign ├── metadata.json └── worker.ign
8.11.8. Exporting common variables
8.11.8.1. Extracting the infrastructure name
The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate GCP resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided Deployment Manager templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it.
Prerequisites
- You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
-
You installed the
jqpackage.
Procedure
To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command:
$ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
openshift-vw9j6 1- 1
- The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.
8.11.8.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates
You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Deployment Manager templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
-
Install the
jqpackage.
Procedure
- Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates:
$ export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>' 1 $ export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>' 2 $ export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16' $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 3 $ export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json`
8.11.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure
All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.
8.11.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines, the hostname is set through NetworkManager. By default, the machines obtain their hostname through DHCP. If the hostname is not provided by DHCP, set statically through kernel arguments, or another method, it is obtained through a reverse DNS lookup. Reverse DNS lookup occurs after the network has been initialized on a node and can take time to resolve. Other system services can start prior to this and detect the hostname as localhost or similar. You can avoid this by using DHCP to provide the hostname for each cluster node.
Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation.
8.11.9.2. Network connectivity requirements
You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OpenShift Container Platform cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.
This section provides details about the ports that are required.
In connected OpenShift Container Platform environments, all nodes are required to have internet access to pull images for platform containers and provide telemetry data to Red Hat.
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ICMP | N/A | Network reachability tests |
| TCP |
| Metrics |
|
|
Host level services, including the node exporter on ports | |
|
| The default ports that Kubernetes reserves | |
|
| openshift-sdn | |
| UDP |
| VXLAN |
|
| Geneve | |
|
|
Host level services, including the node exporter on ports | |
|
| IPsec IKE packets | |
|
| IPsec NAT-T packets | |
| TCP/UDP |
| Kubernetes node port |
| ESP | N/A | IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TCP |
| Kubernetes API |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TCP |
| etcd server and peer ports |
8.11.10. Creating load balancers in GCP
You must configure load balancers in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as
02_lb_int.pyon your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires. -
For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as
02_lb_ext.pyon your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the deployment template uses:
Export the cluster network location:
$ export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe ${HOST_PROJECT_NETWORK} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the control plane subnet location:
$ export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${HOST_PROJECT_CONTROL_SUBNET} --region=${REGION} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the three zones that the cluster uses:
$ export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[0] | cut -d "/" -f9`)$ export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[1] | cut -d "/" -f9`)$ export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[2] | cut -d "/" -f9`)
Create a
02_infra.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml imports: - path: 02_lb_ext.py - path: 02_lb_int.py 1 resources: - name: cluster-lb-ext 2 type: 02_lb_ext.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 3 region: '${REGION}' 4 - name: cluster-lb-int type: 02_lb_int.py properties: cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' region: '${REGION}' zones: 6 - '${ZONE_0}' - '${ZONE_1}' - '${ZONE_2}' EOF
- 1 2
- Required only when deploying an external cluster.
- 3
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 4
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 5
control_subnetis the URI to the control subnet.- 6
zonesare the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, likeus-east1-b,us-east1-c, andus-east1-d.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yamlExport the cluster IP address:
$ export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address:
$ export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)
8.11.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.60. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region']
}
}, {
# Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check',
'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck',
'properties': {
'port': 6080,
'requestPath': '/readyz'
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool',
'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'],
'instances': []
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule',
'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)',
'target': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)',
'portRange': '6443'
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.61. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
backends = []
for zone in context.properties['zones']:
backends.append({
'group': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)'
})
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'addressType': 'INTERNAL',
'region': context.properties['region'],
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}
}, {
# Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check',
'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck',
'properties': {
'httpsHealthCheck': {
'port': 6443,
'requestPath': '/readyz'
},
'type': "HTTPS"
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service',
'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService',
'properties': {
'backends': backends,
'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'],
'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
'region': context.properties['region'],
'protocol': 'TCP',
'timeoutSec': 120
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule',
'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
'properties': {
'backendService': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service.selfLink)',
'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)',
'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
'ports': ['6443','22623'],
'region': context.properties['region'],
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}
}]
for zone in context.properties['zones']:
resources.append({
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig',
'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
'properties': {
'namedPorts': [
{
'name': 'ignition',
'port': 22623
}, {
'name': 'https',
'port': 6443
}
],
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'zone': zone
}
})
return {'resources': resources}
You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster.
8.11.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP
You must configure a private DNS zone in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create this component is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as
02_dns.pyon your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires. Create a
02_dns.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml imports: - path: 02_dns.py resources: - name: cluster-dns type: 02_dns.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 cluster_domain: '${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}' 2 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 EOFCreate the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yaml --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}The templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:
Add the internal DNS entries:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}For an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud --account=${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --project=${HOST_PROJECT} dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
8.11.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.62. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone',
'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone',
'properties': {
'description': '',
'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.',
'visibility': 'private',
'privateVisibilityConfig': {
'networks': [{
'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network']
}]
}
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP
You must create firewall rules in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as
03_firewall.pyon your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires. Create a
03_firewall.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml imports: - path: 03_firewall.py resources: - name: cluster-firewall type: 03_firewall.py properties: allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1 infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 network_cidr: '${NETWORK_CIDR}' 4 EOF- 1
allowed_external_cidris the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to${NETWORK_CIDR}.- 2
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 3
cluster_networkis theselfLinkURL to the cluster network.- 4
network_cidris the CIDR of the VPC network, for example10.0.0.0/16.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
8.11.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.63. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['6443']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624']
}],
'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['2379-2380']
}],
'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10257']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10259']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22623']
}],
'sourceTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'icmp'
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']],
'targetTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['4789', '6081']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['500', '4500']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'esp',
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['9000-9999']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['9000-9999']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10250']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['30000-32767']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['30000-32767']
}],
'sourceTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
],
'targetTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure
You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.
Procedure
Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page.
ImportantThe RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.
The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format
rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz.Create the Google storage bucket:
$ gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>
Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket:
$ gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz gs://<bucket_name>
Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable:
$ export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz
Create the cluster image:
$ gcloud compute images create "${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \ --source-uri="${IMAGE_SOURCE}"
8.11.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP
You must create the bootstrap machine in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your bootstrap machine, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Ensure pyOpenSSL is installed.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as
04_bootstrap.pyon your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires. Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires:
$ export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe ${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Create a bucket and upload the
bootstrap.ignfile:$ gsutil mb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition$ gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable:
$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign | grep "^gs:" | awk '{print $5}'`Create a
04_bootstrap.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml imports: - path: 04_bootstrap.py resources: - name: cluster-bootstrap type: 04_bootstrap.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 region: '${REGION}' 2 zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4 control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7 root_volume_size: '128' 8 bootstrap_ign: '${BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 3
zoneis the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for exampleus-central1-b.- 4
cluster_networkis theselfLinkURL to the cluster network.- 5
control_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the control subnet.- 6
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image.- 7
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 8
root_volume_sizeis the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine.- 9
bootstrap_ignis the URL output when creating a signed URL.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yamlAdd the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group:
$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrapAdd the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service:
$ gcloud compute backend-services add-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}
8.11.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.65. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}',
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'],
'accessConfigs': [{
'natIP': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)'
}]
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig',
'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
'properties': {
'namedPorts': [
{
'name': 'ignition',
'port': 22623
}, {
'name': 'https',
'port': 6443
}
],
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP
You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as
05_control_plane.pyon your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires. Export the following variable required by the resource definition:
$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`
Create a
05_control_plane.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml imports: - path: 05_control_plane.py resources: - name: cluster-control-plane type: 05_control_plane.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 zones: 2 - '${ZONE_0}' - '${ZONE_1}' - '${ZONE_2}' control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6 ignition: '${MASTER_IGNITION}' 7 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
zonesare the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for exampleus-central1-a,us-central1-b, andus-central1-c.- 3
control_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the control subnet.- 4
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image.- 5
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 6
service_account_emailis the email address for the master service account that you created.- 7
ignitionis the contents of themaster.ignfile.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yamlThe templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually.
Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups:
$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_0}-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_1}-ig --zone=${ZONE_1} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_2}-ig --zone=${ZONE_2} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools:
$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_0}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_1}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_2}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2
8.11.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.66. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][0]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][1]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][2]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP
After you create all of the required infrastructure in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), wait for the bootstrap process to complete on the machines that you provisioned by using the Ignition config files that you generated with the installation program.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level info 2
If the command exits without a
FATALwarning, your production control plane has initialized.Delete the bootstrap resources:
$ gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}$ gsutil rm gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign$ gsutil rb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap
8.11.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP
You can create worker machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use by launching individual instances discretely or by automated processes outside the cluster, such as auto scaling groups. You can also take advantage of the built-in cluster scaling mechanisms and the machine API in OpenShift Container Platform.
In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your worker machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as
06_worker.pyon your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the resource definition uses.
Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines:
$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${HOST_PROJECT_COMPUTE_SUBNET} --region=${REGION} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the email address for your service account:
$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file:
$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`
Create a
06_worker.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml imports: - path: 06_worker.py resources: - name: 'worker-0' 1 type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2 zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3 compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7 ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 8 - name: 'worker-1' type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 9 zone: '${ZONE_1}' 10 compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14 ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 15 EOF
- 1
nameis the name of the worker machine, for exampleworker-0.- 2 9
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 3 10
zoneis the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for exampleus-central1-a.- 4 11
compute_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the compute subnet.- 5 12
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image. 1- 6 13
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 7 14
service_account_emailis the email address for the worker service account that you created.- 8 15
ignitionis the contents of theworker.ignfile.
-
Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type
06_worker.pyin your06_worker.yamlresource definition file. Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml
To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use:
-
OpenShift Container Platform:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-48-x86-64-202210040145 -
OpenShift Platform Plus:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-48-x86-64-202206140145 -
OpenShift Kubernetes Engine:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-48-x86-64-202206140145
-
OpenShift Container Platform:
8.11.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.67. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'],
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.11.19. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. Download and install the new version of oc.
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvf <file>
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
- Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:C:\> oc <command>
Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
- Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.
NoteFor macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
Verification
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
occommand:$ oc <command>
8.11.20. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
8.11.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines
When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.
Prerequisites
- You added machines to your cluster.
Procedure
Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
$ oc get nodes
Example output
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 63m v1.24.0 master-1 Ready master 63m v1.24.0 master-2 Ready master 64m v1.24.0
The output lists all of the machines that you created.
NoteThe preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.
Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the
PendingorApprovedstatus for each machine that you added to the cluster:$ oc get csr
Example output
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-8b2br 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending csr-8vnps 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending ...
In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.
If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in
Pendingstatus, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:NoteBecause the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the
machine-approverif the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.NoteFor clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the
oc exec,oc rsh, andoc logscommands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by thenode-bootstrapperservice account in thesystem:nodeorsystem:admingroups, and confirm the identity of the node.To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1- 1
<csr_name>is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approveNoteSome Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.
Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:
$ oc get csr
Example output
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-bfd72 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending csr-c57lv 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending ...
If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the
Pendingstatus, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1- 1
<csr_name>is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the
Readystatus. Verify this by running the following command:$ oc get nodes
Example output
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 73m v1.24.0 master-1 Ready master 73m v1.24.0 master-2 Ready master 74m v1.24.0 worker-0 Ready worker 11m v1.24.0 worker-1 Ready worker 11m v1.24.0
NoteIt can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the
Readystatus.
Additional information
- For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.
8.11.22. Adding the ingress DNS records
DNS zone configuration is removed when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs. You must manually create DNS records that point at the ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard *.apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records. You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
- Create the worker machines.
Procedure
Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the
EXTERNAL-IPfield:$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default
Example output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE router-default LoadBalancer 172.30.18.154 35.233.157.184 80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP 98
Add the A record to your zones:
To use A records:
Export the variable for the router IP address:
$ export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`Add the A record to the private zones:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}For an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} --project ${HOST_PROJECT} --account ${HOST_PROJECT_ACCOUNT}
To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:
$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routesExample output
oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
8.11.23. Adding ingress firewall rules
The cluster requires several firewall rules. If you do not use a shared VPC, these rules are created by the Ingress Controller via the GCP cloud provider. When you use a shared VPC, you can either create cluster-wide firewall rules for all services now or create each rule based on events, when the cluster requests access. By creating each rule when the cluster requests access, you know exactly which firewall rules are required. By creating cluster-wide firewall rules, you can apply the same rule set across multiple clusters.
If you choose to create each rule based on events, you must create firewall rules after you provision the cluster and during the life of the cluster when the console notifies you that rules are missing. Events that are similar to the following event are displayed, and you must add the firewall rules that are required:
$ oc get events -n openshift-ingress --field-selector="reason=LoadBalancerManualChange"
Example output
Firewall change required by security admin: `gcloud compute firewall-rules create k8s-fw-a26e631036a3f46cba28f8df67266d55 --network example-network --description "{\"kubernetes.io/service-name\":\"openshift-ingress/router-default\", \"kubernetes.io/service-ip\":\"35.237.236.234\"}\" --allow tcp:443,tcp:80 --source-ranges 0.0.0.0/0 --target-tags exampl-fqzq7-master,exampl-fqzq7-worker --project example-project`
If you encounter issues when creating these rule-based events, you can configure the cluster-wide firewall rules while your cluster is running.
8.11.24. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure
After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready.
Prerequisites
- Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned GCP infrastructure.
-
Install the
ocCLI and log in.
Procedure
Complete the cluster installation:
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1Example output
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Important-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Observe the running state of your cluster.
Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status:
$ oc get clusterversion
Example output
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING SINCE STATUS version False True 24m Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete
Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):
$ oc get clusteroperators
Example output
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE authentication 4.5.4 True False False 7m56s cloud-credential 4.5.4 True False False 31m cluster-autoscaler 4.5.4 True False False 16m console 4.5.4 True False False 10m csi-snapshot-controller 4.5.4 True False False 16m dns 4.5.4 True False False 22m etcd 4.5.4 False False False 25s image-registry 4.5.4 True False False 16m ingress 4.5.4 True False False 16m insights 4.5.4 True False False 17m kube-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 19m kube-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-scheduler 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-storage-version-migrator 4.5.4 True False False 16m machine-api 4.5.4 True False False 22m machine-config 4.5.4 True False False 22m marketplace 4.5.4 True False False 16m monitoring 4.5.4 True False False 10m network 4.5.4 True False False 23m node-tuning 4.5.4 True False False 23m openshift-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 17m openshift-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 15m openshift-samples 4.5.4 True False False 16m operator-lifecycle-manager 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver 4.5.4 True False False 18m service-ca 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 23m storage 4.5.4 True False False 17m
Run the following command to view your cluster pods:
$ oc get pods --all-namespaces
Example output
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 37m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-apiserver-operator openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t 1/1 Running 1 37m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fm48r 1/1 Running 0 30m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fxkvv 1/1 Running 0 29m openshift-apiserver apiserver-q85nm 1/1 Running 0 29m ... openshift-service-ca-operator openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257 1/1 Running 0 37m openshift-service-ca apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w 1/1 Running 0 32m openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm 1/1 Running 0 31m
When the current cluster version is
AVAILABLE, the installation is complete.
8.11.25. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.11.26. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
8.12. Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide and an internal mirror of the installation release content.
While you can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using mirrored installation release content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the GCP APIs.
The steps for performing a user-provided infrastructure install are outlined here. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods.
The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.
8.12.1. Prerequisites
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
- You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You created a registry on your mirror host and obtained the
imageContentSourcesdata for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.ImportantBecause the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
-
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to. While you might need to grant access to more sites, you must grant access to
*.googleapis.comandaccounts.google.com. -
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
kube-systemnamespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.
8.12.2. About installations in restricted networks
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.
If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.
To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift image registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.
Because of the complexity of the configuration for user-provisioned installations, consider completing a standard user-provisioned infrastructure installation before you attempt a restricted network installation using user-provisioned infrastructure. Completing this test installation might make it easier to isolate and troubleshoot any issues that might arise during your installation in a restricted network.
8.12.2.1. Additional limits
Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:
-
The
ClusterVersionstatus includes anUnable to retrieve available updateserror. - By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.
8.12.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.
You must have internet access to:
- Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
8.12.4. Configuring your GCP project
Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it.
8.12.4.1. Creating a GCP project
To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster.
Procedure
Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation.
ImportantYour GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the
api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing.
8.12.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP
Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
Enable the following required API services in the project that hosts your cluster. You may also enable optional API services which are not required for installation. See Enabling services in the GCP documentation.
Table 8.55. Required API services API service Console service name Compute Engine API
compute.googleapis.comCloud Resource Manager API
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.comGoogle DNS API
dns.googleapis.comIAM Service Account Credentials API
iamcredentials.googleapis.comIdentity and Access Management (IAM) API
iam.googleapis.comService Usage API
serviceusage.googleapis.comTable 8.56. Optional API services API service Console service name Google Cloud APIs
cloudapis.googleapis.comService Management API
servicemanagement.googleapis.comGoogle Cloud Storage JSON API
storage-api.googleapis.comCloud Storage
storage-component.googleapis.com
8.12.4.3. Configuring DNS for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the same project that you host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.
Procedure
Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source.
NoteIf you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation.
Use an appropriate root domain, such as
openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such asclusters.openshiftcorp.com.Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation.
You typically have four name servers.
- Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers.
- If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation.
- If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company’s IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company.
8.12.4.4. GCP account limits
The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) components, but the default Quotas do not affect your ability to install a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
A default cluster, which contains three compute and three control plane machines, uses the following resources. Note that some resources are required only during the bootstrap process and are removed after the cluster deploys.
| Service | Component | Location | Total resources required | Resources removed after bootstrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service account | IAM | Global | 5 | 0 |
| Firewall rules | Networking | Global | 11 | 1 |
| Forwarding rules | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Health checks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Images | Compute | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Networks | Networking | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routers | Networking | Global | 1 | 0 |
| Routes | Networking | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Subnetworks | Compute | Global | 2 | 0 |
| Target pools | Networking | Global | 2 | 0 |
If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region.
Be sure to consider your actual cluster size, planned cluster growth, and any usage from other clusters that are associated with your account. The CPU, static IP addresses, and persistent disk SSD (storage) quotas are the ones that are most likely to be insufficient.
If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit:
-
asia-east2 -
asia-northeast2 -
asia-south1 -
australia-southeast1 -
europe-north1 -
europe-west2 -
europe-west3 -
europe-west6 -
northamerica-northeast1 -
southamerica-east1 -
us-west2
You can increase resource quotas from the GCP console, but you might need to file a support ticket. Be sure to plan your cluster size early so that you can allow time to resolve the support ticket before you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
8.12.4.5. Creating a service account in GCP
OpenShift Container Platform requires a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) service account that provides authentication and authorization to access data in the Google APIs. If you do not have an existing IAM service account that contains the required roles in your project, you must create one.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
Procedure
- Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation.
Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the
Ownerrole to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources.NoteWhile making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable.
Create the service account key in JSON format. See Creating service account keys in the GCP documentation.
The service account key is required to create a cluster.
8.12.4.6. Required GCP roles
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a service account with the following permissions. If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists:
Required roles for the installation program
- Compute Admin
- Security Admin
- Service Account Admin
- Service Account Key Admin
- Service Account User
- Storage Admin
Required roles for creating network resources during installation
- DNS Administrator
Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure
- Deployment Manager Editor
The roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use:
| Account | Roles |
|---|---|
| Control Plane |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Compute |
|
|
|
8.12.4.7. Required GCP permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure
When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform.
If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the user-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Example 8.68. Required permissions for creating network resources
-
compute.addresses.create -
compute.addresses.createInternal -
compute.addresses.delete -
compute.addresses.get -
compute.addresses.list -
compute.addresses.use -
compute.addresses.useInternal -
compute.firewalls.create -
compute.firewalls.delete -
compute.firewalls.get -
compute.firewalls.list -
compute.forwardingRules.create -
compute.forwardingRules.get -
compute.forwardingRules.list -
compute.forwardingRules.setLabels -
compute.networks.create -
compute.networks.get -
compute.networks.list -
compute.networks.updatePolicy -
compute.routers.create -
compute.routers.get -
compute.routers.list -
compute.routers.update -
compute.routes.list -
compute.subnetworks.create -
compute.subnetworks.get -
compute.subnetworks.list -
compute.subnetworks.use -
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp
Example 8.69. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources
-
compute.regionBackendServices.create -
compute.regionBackendServices.get -
compute.regionBackendServices.list -
compute.regionBackendServices.update -
compute.regionBackendServices.use -
compute.targetPools.addInstance -
compute.targetPools.create -
compute.targetPools.get -
compute.targetPools.list -
compute.targetPools.removeInstance -
compute.targetPools.use
Example 8.70. Required permissions for creating DNS resources
-
dns.changes.create -
dns.changes.get -
dns.managedZones.create -
dns.managedZones.get -
dns.managedZones.list -
dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone -
dns.resourceRecordSets.create -
dns.resourceRecordSets.list -
dns.resourceRecordSets.update
Example 8.71. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources
-
iam.serviceAccountKeys.create -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.get -
iam.serviceAccountKeys.list -
iam.serviceAccounts.actAs -
iam.serviceAccounts.create -
iam.serviceAccounts.delete -
iam.serviceAccounts.get -
iam.serviceAccounts.list -
resourcemanager.projects.get -
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy -
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy
Example 8.72. Required permissions for creating compute resources
-
compute.disks.create -
compute.disks.get -
compute.disks.list -
compute.instanceGroups.create -
compute.instanceGroups.delete -
compute.instanceGroups.get -
compute.instanceGroups.list -
compute.instanceGroups.update -
compute.instanceGroups.use -
compute.instances.create -
compute.instances.delete -
compute.instances.get -
compute.instances.list -
compute.instances.setLabels -
compute.instances.setMetadata -
compute.instances.setServiceAccount -
compute.instances.setTags -
compute.instances.use -
compute.machineTypes.get -
compute.machineTypes.list
Example 8.73. Required for creating storage resources
-
storage.buckets.create -
storage.buckets.delete -
storage.buckets.get -
storage.buckets.list -
storage.objects.create -
storage.objects.delete -
storage.objects.get -
storage.objects.list
Example 8.74. Required permissions for creating health check resources
-
compute.healthChecks.create -
compute.healthChecks.get -
compute.healthChecks.list -
compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly -
compute.httpHealthChecks.create -
compute.httpHealthChecks.get -
compute.httpHealthChecks.list -
compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly
Example 8.75. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information
-
compute.globalOperations.get -
compute.regionOperations.get -
compute.regions.list -
compute.zoneOperations.get -
compute.zones.get -
compute.zones.list
Example 8.76. Required permissions for checking services and quotas
-
monitoring.timeSeries.list -
serviceusage.quotas.get -
serviceusage.services.list
Example 8.77. Required IAM permissions for installation
-
iam.roles.get
Example 8.78. Required Images permissions for installation
-
compute.images.create -
compute.images.delete -
compute.images.get -
compute.images.list
Example 8.79. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap
-
compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput
Example 8.80. Required permissions for deleting network resources
-
compute.addresses.delete -
compute.addresses.deleteInternal -
compute.addresses.list -
compute.firewalls.delete -
compute.firewalls.list -
compute.forwardingRules.delete -
compute.forwardingRules.list -
compute.networks.delete -
compute.networks.list -
compute.networks.updatePolicy -
compute.routers.delete -
compute.routers.list -
compute.routes.list -
compute.subnetworks.delete -
compute.subnetworks.list
Example 8.81. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources
-
compute.regionBackendServices.delete -
compute.regionBackendServices.list -
compute.targetPools.delete -
compute.targetPools.list
Example 8.82. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources
-
dns.changes.create -
dns.managedZones.delete -
dns.managedZones.get -
dns.managedZones.list -
dns.resourceRecordSets.delete -
dns.resourceRecordSets.list
Example 8.83. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources
-
iam.serviceAccounts.delete -
iam.serviceAccounts.get -
iam.serviceAccounts.list -
resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy -
resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy
Example 8.84. Required permissions for deleting compute resources
-
compute.disks.delete -
compute.disks.list -
compute.instanceGroups.delete -
compute.instanceGroups.list -
compute.instances.delete -
compute.instances.list -
compute.instances.stop -
compute.machineTypes.list
Example 8.85. Required for deleting storage resources
-
storage.buckets.delete -
storage.buckets.getIamPolicy -
storage.buckets.list -
storage.objects.delete -
storage.objects.list
Example 8.86. Required permissions for deleting health check resources
-
compute.healthChecks.delete -
compute.healthChecks.list -
compute.httpHealthChecks.delete -
compute.httpHealthChecks.list
Example 8.87. Required Images permissions for deletion
-
compute.images.delete -
compute.images.list
Example 8.88. Required permissions to get Region related information
-
compute.regions.get
Example 8.89. Required Deployment Manager permissions
-
deploymentmanager.deployments.create -
deploymentmanager.deployments.delete -
deploymentmanager.deployments.get -
deploymentmanager.deployments.list -
deploymentmanager.manifests.get -
deploymentmanager.operations.get -
deploymentmanager.resources.list
Additional resources
8.12.4.8. Supported GCP regions
You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions:
-
asia-east1(Changhua County, Taiwan) -
asia-east2(Hong Kong) -
asia-northeast1(Tokyo, Japan) -
asia-northeast2(Osaka, Japan) -
asia-northeast3(Seoul, South Korea) -
asia-south1(Mumbai, India) -
asia-south2(Delhi, India) -
asia-southeast1(Jurong West, Singapore) -
asia-southeast2(Jakarta, Indonesia) -
australia-southeast1(Sydney, Australia) -
australia-southeast2(Melbourne, Australia) -
europe-central2(Warsaw, Poland) -
europe-north1(Hamina, Finland) -
europe-southwest1(Madrid, Spain) -
europe-west1(St. Ghislain, Belgium) -
europe-west2(London, England, UK) -
europe-west3(Frankfurt, Germany) -
europe-west4(Eemshaven, Netherlands) -
europe-west6(Zürich, Switzerland) -
europe-west8(Milan, Italy) -
europe-west9(Paris, France) -
europe-west12(Turin, Italy) -
northamerica-northeast1(Montréal, Québec, Canada) -
northamerica-northeast2(Toronto, Ontario, Canada) -
southamerica-east1(São Paulo, Brazil) -
southamerica-west1(Santiago, Chile) -
us-central1(Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA) -
us-east1(Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA) -
us-east4(Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA) -
us-east5(Columbus, Ohio) -
us-south1(Dallas, Texas) -
us-west1(The Dalles, Oregon, USA) -
us-west2(Los Angeles, California, USA) -
us-west3(Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) -
us-west4(Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)
To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation.
8.12.4.9. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP.
Prerequisites
- You created a project to host your cluster.
- You created a service account and granted it the required permissions.
Procedure
Install the following binaries in
$PATH:-
gcloud -
gsutil
See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation.
-
Authenticate using the
gcloudtool with your configured service account.See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation.
8.12.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure
For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.
This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure.
8.12.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation
The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:
| Hosts | Description |
|---|---|
| One temporary bootstrap machine | The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster. |
| Three control plane machines | The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane. |
| At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines. | The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines. |
To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.
The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.6 and later.
Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.
8.12.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:
| Machine | Operating System | vCPU [1] | Virtual RAM | Storage | IOPS [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Control plane | RHCOS | 4 | 16 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
| Compute | RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] | 2 | 8 GB | 100 GB | 300 |
- One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
- OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
- As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.
If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.
8.12.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP
The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.
Example 8.90. Machine series
-
C2 -
C2D -
C3 -
E2 -
M1 -
N1 -
N2 -
N2D -
Tau T2D
8.12.5.4. Using custom machine types
Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported.
Consider the following when using a custom machine type:
- Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".
The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax:
custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb>For example,
custom-6-20480.
8.12.6. Creating the installation files for GCP
To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.
8.12.6.1. Optional: Creating a separate /var partition
It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.
OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:
-
/var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system. -
/var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage. -
/var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.
Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.
Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation.
If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section.
Procedure
Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files:
$ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
Run
openshift-installto create a set of files in themanifestandopenshiftsubdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:$ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
Example output
? SSH Public Key ... INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials" INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift
Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the
clusterconfig/openshiftdirectory:$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/
Example output
99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml ...
Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file
$HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on theworkersystems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the/vardirectory on a separate partition:variant: openshift version: 4.11.0 metadata: labels: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker name: 98-var-partition storage: disks: - device: /dev/<device_name> 1 partitions: - label: var start_mib: <partition_start_offset> 2 size_mib: <partition_size> 3 filesystems: - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var path: /var format: xfs mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] 4 with_mount_unit: true- 1
- The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
- 2
- When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
- 3
- The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
- 4
- The
prjquotamount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.
NoteWhen creating a separate
/varpartition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the
clusterconfig/openshiftdirectory. For example, run the following command:$ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
Run
openshift-installagain to create Ignition configs from a set of files in themanifestandopenshiftsubdirectories:$ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/ auth bootstrap.ign master.ign metadata.json worker.ign
Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.
8.12.6.2. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
-
Have the
imageContentSourcesvalues that were generated during mirror registry creation. - Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
- Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yamlfile.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
When specifying the directory:
-
Verify that the directory has the
executepermission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
NoteFor production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses.- Select gcp as the platform to target.
- If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
- Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
- Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Edit the
install-config.yamlfile to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.Update the
pullSecretvalue to contain the authentication information for your registry:pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'For
<mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for<credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.Add the
additionalTrustBundleparameter and value.additionalTrustBundle: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE-----
The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
Define the network and subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in under the parent
platform.gcpfield:network: <existing_vpc> controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet> computeSubnet: <compute_subnet>
For
platform.gcp.network, specify the name for the existing Google VPC. Forplatform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnetandplatform.gcp.computeSubnet, specify the existing subnets to deploy the control plane machines and compute machines, respectively.Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:
imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
For these values, use the
imageContentSourcesthat you recorded during mirror registry creation.
-
Make any other modifications to the
install-config.yamlfile that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section. Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.ImportantThe
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
8.12.6.3. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.NoteThe
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE-----
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
- 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with
.to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCAfield of theProxyobject. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
NoteThe installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield.NoteIf the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the
wait-forcommand of the installer. For example:$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.
Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
8.12.6.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files
Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.
The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.
-
The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Prerequisites
- You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
-
You created the
install-config.yamlinstallation configuration file.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains theinstall-config.yamlfile you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.
Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Check that the
mastersSchedulableparameter in the<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.ymlKubernetes manifest file is set tofalse. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:-
Open the
<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.ymlfile. -
Locate the
mastersSchedulableparameter and ensure that it is set tofalse. - Save and exit the file.
-
Open the
Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the
privateZoneandpublicZonesections from the<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.ymlDNS configuration file:apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: DNS metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: cluster spec: baseDomain: example.openshift.com privateZone: 1 id: mycluster-100419-private-zone publicZone: 2 id: example.openshift.com status: {}
If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.
To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.
Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The
kubeadmin-passwordandkubeconfigfiles are created in the./<installation_directory>/authdirectory:. ├── auth │ ├── kubeadmin-password │ └── kubeconfig ├── bootstrap.ign ├── master.ign ├── metadata.json └── worker.ign
Additional resources
8.12.7. Exporting common variables
8.12.7.1. Extracting the infrastructure name
The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate GCP resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided Deployment Manager templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it.
Prerequisites
- You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- You generated the Ignition config files for your cluster.
-
You installed the
jqpackage.
Procedure
To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command:
$ jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
openshift-vw9j6 1- 1
- The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string.
8.12.7.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates
You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Deployment Manager templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
-
Install the
jqpackage.
Procedure
Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates:
$ export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>' $ export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>' $ export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16' $ export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17' $ export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17' $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1 $ export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` $ export REGION=`jq -r .gcp.region <installation_directory>/metadata.json`- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
8.12.8. Creating a VPC in GCP
You must create a VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements. One way to create the VPC is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as
01_vpc.pyon your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires. Create a
01_vpc.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml imports: - path: 01_vpc.py resources: - name: cluster-vpc type: 01_vpc.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 region: '${REGION}' 2 master_subnet_cidr: '${MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3 worker_subnet_cidr: '${WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 3
master_subnet_cidris the CIDR for the master subnet, for example10.0.0.0/17.- 4
worker_subnet_cidris the CIDR for the worker subnet, for example10.0.128.0/17.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-vpc --config 01_vpc.yaml
8.12.8.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.91. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network',
'type': 'compute.v1.network',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'autoCreateSubnetworks': False
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet',
'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet',
'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router',
'type': 'compute.v1.router',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'network': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)',
'nats': [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master',
'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
'minPortsPerVm': 7168,
'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
'subnetworks': [{
'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)',
'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
}]
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker',
'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY',
'minPortsPerVm': 512,
'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS',
'subnetworks': [{
'name': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)',
'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES']
}]
}]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure
All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.
8.12.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines, the hostname is set through NetworkManager. By default, the machines obtain their hostname through DHCP. If the hostname is not provided by DHCP, set statically through kernel arguments, or another method, it is obtained through a reverse DNS lookup. Reverse DNS lookup occurs after the network has been initialized on a node and can take time to resolve. Other system services can start prior to this and detect the hostname as localhost or similar. You can avoid this by using DHCP to provide the hostname for each cluster node.
Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation.
8.12.9.2. Network connectivity requirements
You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OpenShift Container Platform cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.
This section provides details about the ports that are required.
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ICMP | N/A | Network reachability tests |
| TCP |
| Metrics |
|
|
Host level services, including the node exporter on ports | |
|
| The default ports that Kubernetes reserves | |
|
| openshift-sdn | |
| UDP |
| VXLAN |
|
| Geneve | |
|
|
Host level services, including the node exporter on ports | |
|
| IPsec IKE packets | |
|
| IPsec NAT-T packets | |
| TCP/UDP |
| Kubernetes node port |
| ESP | N/A | IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TCP |
| Kubernetes API |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TCP |
| etcd server and peer ports |
8.12.10. Creating load balancers in GCP
You must configure load balancers in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as
02_lb_int.pyon your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires. -
For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as
02_lb_ext.pyon your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the deployment template uses:
Export the cluster network location:
$ export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe ${INFRA_ID}-network --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the control plane subnet location:
$ export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-master-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the three zones that the cluster uses:
$ export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[0] | cut -d "/" -f9`)$ export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[1] | cut -d "/" -f9`)$ export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe ${REGION} --format=json | jq -r .zones[2] | cut -d "/" -f9`)
Create a
02_infra.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml imports: - path: 02_lb_ext.py - path: 02_lb_int.py 1 resources: - name: cluster-lb-ext 2 type: 02_lb_ext.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 3 region: '${REGION}' 4 - name: cluster-lb-int type: 02_lb_int.py properties: cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' region: '${REGION}' zones: 6 - '${ZONE_0}' - '${ZONE_1}' - '${ZONE_2}' EOF
- 1 2
- Required only when deploying an external cluster.
- 3
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 4
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 5
control_subnetis the URI to the control subnet.- 6
zonesare the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, likeus-east1-b,us-east1-c, andus-east1-d.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yamlExport the cluster IP address:
$ export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address:
$ export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe ${INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .address`)
8.12.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.92. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region']
}
}, {
# Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check',
'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck',
'properties': {
'port': 6080,
'requestPath': '/readyz'
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool',
'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'],
'instances': []
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule',
'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region'],
'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)',
'target': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)',
'portRange': '6443'
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.93. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
backends = []
for zone in context.properties['zones']:
backends.append({
'group': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)'
})
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'addressType': 'INTERNAL',
'region': context.properties['region'],
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}
}, {
# Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check',
'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck',
'properties': {
'httpsHealthCheck': {
'port': 6443,
'requestPath': '/readyz'
},
'type': "HTTPS"
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service',
'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService',
'properties': {
'backends': backends,
'healthChecks': ['$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'],
'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
'region': context.properties['region'],
'protocol': 'TCP',
'timeoutSec': 120
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule',
'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule',
'properties': {
'backendService': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-backend-service.selfLink)',
'IPAddress': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)',
'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL',
'ports': ['6443','22623'],
'region': context.properties['region'],
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}
}]
for zone in context.properties['zones']:
resources.append({
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig',
'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
'properties': {
'namedPorts': [
{
'name': 'ignition',
'port': 22623
}, {
'name': 'https',
'port': 6443
}
],
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'zone': zone
}
})
return {'resources': resources}
You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster.
8.12.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP
You must configure a private DNS zone in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create this component is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as
02_dns.pyon your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires. Create a
02_dns.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml imports: - path: 02_dns.py resources: - name: cluster-dns type: 02_dns.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 cluster_domain: '${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}' 2 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 EOFCreate the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yamlThe templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually:
Add the internal DNS entries:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zoneFor an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
8.12.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.94. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone',
'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone',
'properties': {
'description': '',
'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.',
'visibility': 'private',
'privateVisibilityConfig': {
'networks': [{
'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network']
}]
}
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP
You must create firewall rules in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as
03_firewall.pyon your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires. Create a
03_firewall.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml imports: - path: 03_firewall.py resources: - name: cluster-firewall type: 03_firewall.py properties: allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1 infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 network_cidr: '${NETWORK_CIDR}' 4 EOF- 1
allowed_external_cidris the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to${NETWORK_CIDR}.- 2
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 3
cluster_networkis theselfLinkURL to the cluster network.- 4
network_cidris the CIDR of the VPC network, for example10.0.0.0/16.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml
8.12.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.95. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['6443']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624']
}],
'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['2379-2380']
}],
'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10257']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10259']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22623']
}],
'sourceTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
],
'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'icmp'
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['22']
}],
'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']],
'targetTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster',
'type': 'compute.v1.firewall',
'properties': {
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'allowed': [{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['4789', '6081']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['500', '4500']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'esp',
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['9000-9999']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['9000-9999']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['10250']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'tcp',
'ports': ['30000-32767']
},{
'IPProtocol': 'udp',
'ports': ['30000-32767']
}],
'sourceTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
],
'targetTags': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker'
]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure
You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.
Procedure
Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page.
ImportantThe RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.
The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format
rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz.Create the Google storage bucket:
$ gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>
Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket:
$ gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz gs://<bucket_name>
Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable:
$ export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz
Create the cluster image:
$ gcloud compute images create "${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \ --source-uri="${IMAGE_SOURCE}"
8.12.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP
You must create the bootstrap machine in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your bootstrap machine, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Ensure pyOpenSSL is installed.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as
04_bootstrap.pyon your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires. Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires:
$ export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe ${INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Create a bucket and upload the
bootstrap.ignfile:$ gsutil mb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition$ gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable:
$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign | grep "^gs:" | awk '{print $5}'`Create a
04_bootstrap.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml imports: - path: 04_bootstrap.py resources: - name: cluster-bootstrap type: 04_bootstrap.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 region: '${REGION}' 2 zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3 cluster_network: '${CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4 control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7 root_volume_size: '128' 8 bootstrap_ign: '${BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
regionis the region to deploy the cluster into, for exampleus-central1.- 3
zoneis the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for exampleus-central1-b.- 4
cluster_networkis theselfLinkURL to the cluster network.- 5
control_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the control subnet.- 6
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image.- 7
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 8
root_volume_sizeis the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine.- 9
bootstrap_ignis the URL output when creating a signed URL.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yamlThe templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the bootstrap machine manually.
Add the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group:
$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances \ ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrapAdd the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service:
$ gcloud compute backend-services add-backend \ ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}
8.12.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.97. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip',
'type': 'compute.v1.address',
'properties': {
'region': context.properties['region']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}',
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'],
'accessConfigs': [{
'natIP': '$(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)'
}]
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig',
'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup',
'properties': {
'namedPorts': [
{
'name': 'ignition',
'port': 22623
}, {
'name': 'https',
'port': 6443
}
],
'network': context.properties['cluster_network'],
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP
You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as
05_control_plane.pyon your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires. Export the following variable required by the resource definition:
$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`
Create a
05_control_plane.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml imports: - path: 05_control_plane.py resources: - name: cluster-control-plane type: 05_control_plane.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 1 zones: 2 - '${ZONE_0}' - '${ZONE_1}' - '${ZONE_2}' control_subnet: '${CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6 ignition: '${MASTER_IGNITION}' 7 EOF- 1
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 2
zonesare the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for exampleus-central1-a,us-central1-b, andus-central1-c.- 3
control_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the control subnet.- 4
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image.- 5
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 6
service_account_emailis the email address for the master service account that you created.- 7
ignitionis the contents of themaster.ignfile.
Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yamlThe templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually.
Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups:
$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_0}-ig --zone=${ZONE_0} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_1}-ig --zone=${ZONE_1} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1$ gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-master-${ZONE_2}-ig --zone=${ZONE_2} --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools:
$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_0}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-0$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_1}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-1$ gcloud compute target-pools add-instances ${INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="${ZONE_2}" --instances=${INFRA_ID}-master-2
8.12.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.98. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][0]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][1]
}
}, {
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2',
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd',
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zones'][2]
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP
After you create all of the required infrastructure in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), wait for the bootstrap process to complete on the machines that you provisioned by using the Ignition config files that you generated with the installation program.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level info 2
If the command exits without a
FATALwarning, your production control plane has initialized.Delete the bootstrap resources:
$ gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend ${INFRA_ID}-api-internal-backend-service --region=${REGION} --instance-group=${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=${ZONE_0}$ gsutil rm gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign$ gsutil rb gs://${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap
8.12.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP
You can create worker machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use by launching individual instances discretely or by automated processes outside the cluster, such as auto scaling groups. You can also take advantage of the built-in cluster scaling mechanisms and the machine API in OpenShift Container Platform.
In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file.
If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your worker machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
Procedure
-
Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as
06_worker.pyon your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the resource definition uses.
Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines:
$ export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe ${INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=${REGION} --format json | jq -r .selfLink`)Export the email address for your service account:
$ export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^${INFRA_ID}-w@${PROJECT_NAME}." --format json | jq -r '.[0].email'`)Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file:
$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`
Create a
06_worker.yamlresource definition file:$ cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml imports: - path: 06_worker.py resources: - name: 'worker-0' 1 type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 2 zone: '${ZONE_0}' 3 compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7 ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 8 - name: 'worker-1' type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: '${INFRA_ID}' 9 zone: '${ZONE_1}' 10 compute_subnet: '${COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11 image: '${CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: '${WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14 ignition: '${WORKER_IGNITION}' 15 EOF
- 1
nameis the name of the worker machine, for exampleworker-0.- 2 9
infra_idis theINFRA_IDinfrastructure name from the extraction step.- 3 10
zoneis the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for exampleus-central1-a.- 4 11
compute_subnetis theselfLinkURL to the compute subnet.- 5 12
imageis theselfLinkURL to the RHCOS image. 1- 6 13
machine_typeis the machine type of the instance, for examplen1-standard-4.- 7 14
service_account_emailis the email address for the worker service account that you created.- 8 15
ignitionis the contents of theworker.ignfile.
-
Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type
06_worker.pyin your06_worker.yamlresource definition file. Create the deployment by using the
gcloudCLI:$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments create ${INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml
To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use:
-
OpenShift Container Platform:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-48-x86-64-202210040145 -
OpenShift Platform Plus:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-48-x86-64-202206140145 -
OpenShift Kubernetes Engine:
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-48-x86-64-202206140145
-
OpenShift Container Platform:
8.12.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines
You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Example 8.99. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template
def GenerateConfig(context):
resources = [{
'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'],
'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
'properties': {
'disks': [{
'autoDelete': True,
'boot': True,
'initializeParams': {
'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'],
'sourceImage': context.properties['image']
}
}],
'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'],
'metadata': {
'items': [{
'key': 'user-data',
'value': context.properties['ignition']
}]
},
'networkInterfaces': [{
'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet']
}],
'serviceAccounts': [{
'email': context.properties['service_account_email'],
'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
}],
'tags': {
'items': [
context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker',
]
},
'zone': context.properties['zone']
}
}]
return {'resources': resources}8.12.19. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
8.12.20. Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.
Procedure
Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding
disableAllDefaultSources: trueto theOperatorHubobject:$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \ -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration
8.12.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines
When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.
Prerequisites
- You added machines to your cluster.
Procedure
Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
$ oc get nodes
Example output
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 63m v1.24.0 master-1 Ready master 63m v1.24.0 master-2 Ready master 64m v1.24.0
The output lists all of the machines that you created.
NoteThe preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.
Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the
PendingorApprovedstatus for each machine that you added to the cluster:$ oc get csr
Example output
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-8b2br 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending csr-8vnps 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending ...
In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.
If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in
Pendingstatus, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:NoteBecause the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the
machine-approverif the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.NoteFor clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the
oc exec,oc rsh, andoc logscommands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by thenode-bootstrapperservice account in thesystem:nodeorsystem:admingroups, and confirm the identity of the node.To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1- 1
<csr_name>is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approveNoteSome Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.
Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:
$ oc get csr
Example output
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-bfd72 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending csr-c57lv 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending ...
If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the
Pendingstatus, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1- 1
<csr_name>is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the
Readystatus. Verify this by running the following command:$ oc get nodes
Example output
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 73m v1.24.0 master-1 Ready master 73m v1.24.0 master-2 Ready master 74m v1.24.0 worker-0 Ready worker 11m v1.24.0 worker-1 Ready worker 11m v1.24.0
NoteIt can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the
Readystatus.
Additional information
- For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.
8.12.22. Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records
If you removed the DNS zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs, you must manually create DNS records that point at the ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard *.apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records. You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements.
Prerequisites
- Configure a GCP account.
- Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs.
- Create and configure a VPC and associated subnets in GCP.
- Create and configure networking and load balancers in GCP.
- Create control plane and compute roles.
- Create the bootstrap machine.
- Create the control plane machines.
- Create the worker machines.
Procedure
Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the
EXTERNAL-IPfield:$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default
Example output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE router-default LoadBalancer 172.30.18.154 35.233.157.184 80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP 98
Add the A record to your zones:
To use A records:
Export the variable for the router IP address:
$ export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`Add the A record to the private zones:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zone $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${INFRA_ID}-private-zoneFor an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones:
$ if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction add ${ROUTER_IP} --name \*.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} $ gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone ${BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}
To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:
$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routesExample output
oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com
8.12.23. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure
After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready.
Prerequisites
- Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned GCP infrastructure.
-
Install the
ocCLI and log in.
Procedure
Complete the cluster installation:
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1Example output
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Important-
The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrappercertificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. - It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Observe the running state of your cluster.
Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status:
$ oc get clusterversion
Example output
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING SINCE STATUS version False True 24m Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete
Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO):
$ oc get clusteroperators
Example output
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE authentication 4.5.4 True False False 7m56s cloud-credential 4.5.4 True False False 31m cluster-autoscaler 4.5.4 True False False 16m console 4.5.4 True False False 10m csi-snapshot-controller 4.5.4 True False False 16m dns 4.5.4 True False False 22m etcd 4.5.4 False False False 25s image-registry 4.5.4 True False False 16m ingress 4.5.4 True False False 16m insights 4.5.4 True False False 17m kube-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 19m kube-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-scheduler 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-storage-version-migrator 4.5.4 True False False 16m machine-api 4.5.4 True False False 22m machine-config 4.5.4 True False False 22m marketplace 4.5.4 True False False 16m monitoring 4.5.4 True False False 10m network 4.5.4 True False False 23m node-tuning 4.5.4 True False False 23m openshift-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 17m openshift-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 15m openshift-samples 4.5.4 True False False 16m operator-lifecycle-manager 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver 4.5.4 True False False 18m service-ca 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 23m storage 4.5.4 True False False 17m
Run the following command to view your cluster pods:
$ oc get pods --all-namespaces
Example output
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 37m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-apiserver-operator openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t 1/1 Running 1 37m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fm48r 1/1 Running 0 30m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fxkvv 1/1 Running 0 29m openshift-apiserver apiserver-q85nm 1/1 Running 0 29m ... openshift-service-ca-operator openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257 1/1 Running 0 37m openshift-service-ca apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w 1/1 Running 0 32m openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm 1/1 Running 0 31m
When the current cluster version is
AVAILABLE, the installation is complete.
8.12.24. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.11, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.
After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
8.12.25. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
-
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the
must-gathertool. - Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks.
- If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
- If necessary, see Registering your disconnected cluster
8.13. Uninstalling a cluster on GCP
You can remove a cluster that you deployed to Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
8.13.1. Removing a cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure
You can remove a cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure from your cloud.
After uninstallation, check your cloud provider for any resources not removed properly, especially with User Provisioned Infrastructure (UPI) clusters. There might be resources that the installer did not create or that the installer is unable to access. For example, some Google Cloud resources require IAM permissions in shared VPC host projects, or there might be unused health checks that must be deleted.
Prerequisites
- You have a copy of the installation program that you used to deploy the cluster.
- You have the files that the installation program generated when you created your cluster.
Procedure
On the computer that you used to install the cluster, go to the directory that contains the installation program, and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install destroy cluster \ --dir <installation_directory> --log-level info 1 2
NoteYou must specify the directory that contains the cluster definition files for your cluster. The installation program requires the
metadata.jsonfile in this directory to delete the cluster.-
Optional: Delete the
<installation_directory>directory and the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
8.13.2. Deleting GCP resources with the Cloud Credential Operator utility
To clean up resources after uninstalling an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) in manual mode with GCP Workload Identity, you can use the CCO utility (ccoctl) to remove the GCP resources that ccoctl created during installation.
Prerequisites
-
Extract and prepare the
ccoctlbinary. - Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the CCO in manual mode with GCP Workload Identity.
Procedure
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:
$ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')Extract the list of
CredentialsRequestcustom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:$ oc adm release extract --credentials-requests \ --cloud=gcp \ --to=<path_to_directory_with_list_of_credentials_requests>/credrequests \ 1 $RELEASE_IMAGE- 1
credrequestsis the directory where the list ofCredentialsRequestobjects is stored. This command creates the directory if it does not exist.
Delete the GCP resources that
ccoctlcreated:$ ccoctl gcp delete \ --name=<name> \ 1 --project=<gcp_project_id> \ 2 --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_directory_with_list_of_credentials_requests>/credrequests
Verification
- To verify that the resources are deleted, query GCP. For more information, refer to GCP documentation.
