Chapter 9. Installing on IBM Cloud VPC

Procedure

1. If you do not already have an existing domain and registrar, you must acquire them. For more information, see IBM’s documentation.

2. Create a CIS instance to use with your cluster.

   1. Install the CIS plugin:

      $ ibmcloud plugin install cis

   2. Create the CIS instance:

      $ ibmcloud cis instance-create <instance_name> standard 1

      1

      At a minimum, a Standard plan is required for CIS to manage the cluster subdomain and its DNS records.

3. Connect an existing domain to your CIS instance.

   1. Set the context instance for CIS:

      $ ibmcloud cis instance-set <instance_name> 1

      1

      The instance cloud resource name.

   2. Add the domain for CIS:

      $ ibmcloud cis domain-add <domain_name> 1

      1

      The fully qualified domain name. You can use either the root domain or subdomain value as the domain name, depending on which you plan to configure.

      Note

      A root domain uses the form openshiftcorp.com. A subdomain uses the form clusters.openshiftcorp.com.

4. Open the CIS web console, navigate to the Overview page, and note your CIS name servers. These name servers will be used in the next step.
5. Configure the name servers for your domains or subdomains at the domain’s registrar or DNS provider. For more information, see IBM Cloud’s documentation.

Procedure

1. Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

   $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

2. Obtain the CCO container image from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

   $ CCO_IMAGE=$(oc adm release info --image-for='cloud-credential-operator' $RELEASE_IMAGE -a ~/.pull-secret)

   Note

   Ensure that the architecture of the $RELEASE_IMAGE matches the architecture of the environment in which you will use the ccoctl tool.

3. Extract the ccoctl binary from the CCO container image within the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

   $ oc image extract $CCO_IMAGE --file="/usr/bin/ccoctl" -a ~/.pull-secret

4. Change the permissions to make ccoctl executable by running the following command:

   $ chmod 775 ccoctl

Procedure

1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   Note

   If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. View the public SSH key:

   $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

   For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:

   $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

   Note

   On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

   1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

Procedure

1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
2. Select your infrastructure provider.

3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

   Important

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

   Important

   Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz

5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Procedure

1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

   1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1

      1

      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      When specifying the directory:

      • Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
      • Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

   2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

         Note

         For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select ibmcloud as the platform to target.
      3. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
      4. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
      5. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      6. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   Important

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Procedure

1. Edit the install-config.yaml configuration file so that it contains the credentialsMode parameter set to Manual.

   Example install-config.yaml configuration file

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: cluster1.example.com
   credentialsMode: Manual 1
   compute:
   - architecture: amd64
     hyperthreading: Enabled
   ...

   1

   This line is added to set the credentialsMode parameter to Manual.

2. To generate the manifests, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

   $ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>

3. From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain the OpenShift Container Platform release image that your openshift-install binary is built to use:

   $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

4. Extract the CredentialsRequest objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image:

   $ oc adm release extract --cloud=ibmcloud --credentials-requests $RELEASE_IMAGE \
       --to=<path_to_credential_requests_directory> 1

   1

   The directory where the credential requests will be stored.

   This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

   Sample CredentialsRequest object

     apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
     kind: CredentialsRequest
     metadata:
       labels:
         controller-tools.k8s.io: "1.0"
       name: openshift-image-registry-ibmcos
       namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
     spec:
       secretRef:
         name: installer-cloud-credentials
         namespace: openshift-image-registry
       providerSpec:
         apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
         kind: IBMCloudProviderSpec
         policies:
         - attributes:
           - name: serviceName
             value: cloud-object-storage
           roles:
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Viewer
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Operator
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Editor
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:Reader
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:Writer
         - attributes:
           - name: resourceType
             value: resource-group
           roles:
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Viewer

5. Create the service ID for each credential request, assign the policies defined, create an API key in IBM Cloud VPC, and generate the secret:

   $ ccoctl ibmcloud create-service-id \
       --credentials-requests-dir <path_to_store_credential_request_templates> \ 1
       --name <cluster_name> \ 2
       --output-dir <installation_directory> \
       --resource-group-name <resource_group_name> 3

   1

   The directory where the credential requests are stored.

   2

   The name of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

   3

   Optional: The name of the resource group used for scoping the access policies.

   Note

   If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the TechPreviewNoUpgrade feature set, you must include the --enable-tech-preview parameter.

   If an incorrect resource group name is provided, the installation fails during the bootstrap phase. To find the correct resource group name, run the following command:

   $ grep resourceGroupName <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
3. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
4. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.

5. Unpack the archive:

   $ tar xvf <file>

6. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, execute the following command:

   $ echo $PATH

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:

   C:\> path

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.

3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.

   Note

   For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.

4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:

   $ echo $PATH

Procedure

1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

   $ oc whoami

   Example output

   system:admin

Procedure

1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   Note

   If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. View the public SSH key:

   $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

   For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:

   $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

   Note

   On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

   1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

Procedure

1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
2. Select your infrastructure provider.

3. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

   Important

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

   Important

   Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

4. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz

5. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Procedure

1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

   1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1

      1

      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      When specifying the directory:

      • Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
      • Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

   2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

         Note

         For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select ibmcloud as the platform to target.
      3. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
      4. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
      5. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
      6. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   Important

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Procedure

1. Edit the install-config.yaml configuration file so that it contains the credentialsMode parameter set to Manual.

   Example install-config.yaml configuration file

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: cluster1.example.com
   credentialsMode: Manual 1
   compute:
   - architecture: amd64
     hyperthreading: Enabled
   ...

   1

   This line is added to set the credentialsMode parameter to Manual.

2. To generate the manifests, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

   $ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>

3. From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain the OpenShift Container Platform release image that your openshift-install binary is built to use:

   $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

4. Extract the CredentialsRequest objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image:

   $ oc adm release extract --cloud=ibmcloud --credentials-requests $RELEASE_IMAGE \
       --to=<path_to_credential_requests_directory> 1

   1

   The directory where the credential requests will be stored.

   This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

   Sample CredentialsRequest object

     apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
     kind: CredentialsRequest
     metadata:
       labels:
         controller-tools.k8s.io: "1.0"
       name: openshift-image-registry-ibmcos
       namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
     spec:
       secretRef:
         name: installer-cloud-credentials
         namespace: openshift-image-registry
       providerSpec:
         apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
         kind: IBMCloudProviderSpec
         policies:
         - attributes:
           - name: serviceName
             value: cloud-object-storage
           roles:
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Viewer
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Operator
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Editor
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:Reader
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:Writer
         - attributes:
           - name: resourceType
             value: resource-group
           roles:
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Viewer

5. Create the service ID for each credential request, assign the policies defined, create an API key in IBM Cloud VPC, and generate the secret:

   $ ccoctl ibmcloud create-service-id \
       --credentials-requests-dir <path_to_store_credential_request_templates> \ 1
       --name <cluster_name> \ 2
       --output-dir <installation_directory> \
       --resource-group-name <resource_group_name> 3

   1

   The directory where the credential requests are stored.

   2

   The name of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

   3

   Optional: The name of the resource group used for scoping the access policies.

   Note

   If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the TechPreviewNoUpgrade feature set, you must include the --enable-tech-preview parameter.

   If an incorrect resource group name is provided, the installation fails during the bootstrap phase. To find the correct resource group name, run the following command:

   $ grep resourceGroupName <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml

Procedure

1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:

   $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1

   1

   <installation_directory> specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

2. Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:

   apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
   kind: Network
   metadata:
     name: cluster
   spec:

3. Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the cluster-network-03-config.yml file, such as in the following example:

   Specify a different VXLAN port for the OpenShift SDN network provider

   apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
   kind: Network
   metadata:
     name: cluster
   spec:
     defaultNetwork:
       openshiftSDNConfig:
         vxlanPort: 4800

4. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program consumes the manifests/ directory when you create the Ignition config files.

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the architecture in the Product Variant drop-down menu.
3. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
4. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Linux Client entry and save the file.

5. Unpack the archive:

   $ tar xvf <file>

6. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, execute the following command:

   $ echo $PATH

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.
3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 Windows Client entry and save the file.
4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:

   C:\> path

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the appropriate version in the Version drop-down menu.

3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.11 macOS Client entry and save the file.

   Note

   For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.11 macOS arm64 Client entry.

4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:

   $ echo $PATH

Procedure

1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

   $ oc whoami

   Example output

   system:admin

Procedure

1. If the following conditions are met, this step is required:

   • The installer created a resource group as part of the installation process.
   • You or one of your applications created persistent volume claims (PVCs) after the cluster was deployed.

   In which case, the PVCs are not removed when uninstalling the cluster, which might prevent the resource group from being successfully removed. To prevent a failure:

   1. Log in to the IBM Cloud using the CLI.

   2. To list the PVCs, run the following command:

      $ ibmcloud is volumes --resource-group-name <infrastructure_id>

      For more information about listing volumes, see the IBM Cloud VPC CLI documentation.

   3. To delete the PVCs, run the following command:

      $ ibmcloud is volume-delete --force <volume_id>

      For more information about deleting volumes, see the IBM Cloud VPC CLI documentation.

2. Export the IBM Cloud API key that was created as part of the installation process.

   $ export IC_API_KEY=<api_key>

   Note

   You must set the variable name exactly as specified. The installation program expects the variable name to be present to remove the service IDs that were created when the cluster was installed.

3. On the computer that you used to install the cluster, go to the directory that contains the installation program, and run the following command:

   $ ./openshift-install destroy cluster \
   --dir <installation_directory> --log-level info 1 2

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

   2

   To view different details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

   Note

   You must specify the directory that contains the cluster definition files for your cluster. The installation program requires the metadata.json file in this directory to delete the cluster.

4. Remove the manual CCO credentials that were created for the cluster:

   $ ccoctl ibmcloud delete-service-id \
       --credentials-requests-dir <path_to_credential_requests_directory> \
       --name <cluster_name>

   Note

   If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the TechPreviewNoUpgrade feature set, you must include the --enable-tech-preview parameter.

5. Optional: Delete the <installation_directory> directory and the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.