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14.5. Upgrading the System Off-line with ISO and Yum
For systems that are disconnected from the Internet or Red Hat Network, using the
yum update command with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation ISO image is an easy and quick way to upgrade systems to the latest minor version. The following steps illustrate the upgrading process:
- Create a target directory to mount your ISO image. This directory is not automatically created when mounting, so create it before proceeding to the next step, as
root, type:mkdirmount_dirReplace mount_dir with a path to the mount directory. Typicaly, users create it as a subdirectory in the/media/directory. - Mount the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 installation ISO image to the previously created target directory. As
root, type:mount-oloopiso_name mount_dirReplace iso_name with a path to your ISO image and mount_dir with a path to the target directory. Here, the-oloopoption is required to mount the file as a block device. - Check the numeric value found on the first line of the
.discinfofile from the mount directory:head-n1mount_dir/.discinfoThe output of this command is an identification number of the ISO image, you need to know it to perform the following step. - Create a new file in the
/etc/yum.repos.d/directory, named for instance new.repo, and add a content in the following form. Note that configuration files in this directory must have the .repo extension to function properly.[repository] mediaid=media_id name=repository_name baseurl=repository_url gpgkey=gpg_key enabled=1 gpgcheck=1
Replace media_id with the numeric value found inmount_dir/.discinfo. Set the repository name instead of repository_name, replace repository_url with a path to a repository directory in the mount point and gpg_key with a path to the GPG key.For example, the repository settings for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Server ISO can look as follows:[rhel5-Server] mediaid=1354216429.587870 name=RHEL5-Server baseurl=file:///media/rhel5/Server gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release enabled=1 gpgcheck=1
- Update all yum repositories including
/etc/yum.repos.d/new.repocreated in previous steps. Asroot, type:yumupdateThis upgrades your system to the version provided by the mounted ISO image. - After successful upgrade, you can unmount the ISO image, with the
rootprivileges:umountmount_dirwhere mount_dir is a path to your mount directory. Also, you can remove the mount directory created in the first step. Asroot, type:rmdirmount_dir - If you will not use the previously created configuration file for another installation or update, you can remove it. As
root, type:rm/etc/yum.repos.d/new.repo
Example 14.1. Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.8 to 5.9
Imagine you need to upgrade your system without access to the Internet connection. To do so, you want to use an ISO image with the newer version of the system, called for instance
RHEL5.9-Server-20121129.0-x86_64-DVD1.iso. You have crated a target directory /media/rhel5/. As root, change into the directory with your ISO image and type:
~]#mount-oloopRHEL5.9-Server-20121129.0-x86_64-DVD1.iso/media/rhel5/
To find the identification number of the mounted image, run:
~]#head-n1/media/rhel5/.discinfo1354216429.587870
You need this number to configure your mount point as a yum repository. Create the
/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel5.repo file and insert the following text into it:
[rhel5-Server] mediaid=1354216429.587870 name=RHEL5-Server baseurl=file:///media/rhel5/Server gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release enabled=1 gpgcheck=1
Update the yum repository, which effectively upgrades your system to a version provided by
RHEL5.9-Server-20121129.0-x86_64-DVD1.iso. As root, execute:
~]#yumupdate
When your system is successfully upgraded, unmount the image, remove the target directory and the configuration file:
~]#umount/media/rhel5/
~]#rmdir/media/rhel5/
~]#rm/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel5.repo
