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4.12
Installing on AWS
Chapter 14. Installing a cluster using AWS Local Zones

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Chapter 14. Installing a cluster using AWS Local Zones

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.12, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) into an existing VPC, extending workers to the edge of the Cloud Infrastructure using AWS Local Zones.

After you create an Amazon Web Service (AWS) Local Zone environment, and you deploy your cluster, you can use edge worker nodes to create user workloads in Local Zone subnets.

AWS Local Zones are a type of infrastructure that place Cloud Resources close to the metropolitan regions. For more information, see the AWS Local Zones Documentation.

OpenShift Container Platform can be installed in existing VPCs with Local Zone subnets. The Local Zone subnets can be used to extend the regular workers' nodes to the edge networks. The edge worker nodes are dedicated to running user workloads.

One way to create the VPC and subnets is to use the provided CloudFormation templates. You can modify the templates to customize your infrastructure or use the information that they contain to create AWS objects according to your company’s policies.

Important

The steps for performing an installer-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with VPC you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. The CloudFormation templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example.

14.1. Prerequisites
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You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
Important
If you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-lived credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
You noted the region and supported AWS Local Zones locations to create the network resources in.
You read the Features for each AWS Local Zones location.
You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer (Linux, macOS, or UNIX) in the AWS documentation.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
Note
Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the
```
kube-system
```
namespace, you can manually create and maintain IAM credentials.

14.2. Cluster limitations in AWS Local Zones
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Some limitations exist when you attempt to deploy a cluster with a default installation configuration in Amazon Web Services (AWS) Local Zones.

Important

The following list details limitations when deploying a cluster in AWS Local Zones:

The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) between an Amazon EC2 instance in a Local Zone and an Amazon EC2 instance in the Region is
```
1300
```
. This causes the cluster-wide network MTU to change according to the network plugin that is used on the deployment.
Network resources such as Network Load Balancer (NLB), Classic Load Balancer, and Network Address Translation (NAT) Gateways are not supported in AWS Local Zones.
For an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on AWS, the AWS Elastic Block Storage (EBS)
```
gp3
```
type volume is the default for node volumes and the default for the storage class. This volume type is not globally available on Local Zone locations. By default, the nodes running in Local Zones are deployed with the
```
gp2
```
EBS volume. The
```
gp2-csi
```
```
StorageClass
```
must be set when creating workloads on Local Zone nodes.

14.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
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In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

14.4. Opting into AWS Local Zones
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If you plan to create the subnets in AWS Local Zones, you must opt in to each zone group separately.

Prerequisites

You have installed the AWS CLI.
You have determined into which region you will deploy your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Procedure

Export a variable to contain the name of the region in which you plan to deploy your OpenShift Container Platform cluster by running the following command:
```
$ export CLUSTER_REGION="<region_name>" 
```
1
1
For <region_name>, specify a valid AWS region name, such as us-east-1.
List the zones that are available in your region by running the following command:
```
$ aws --region ${CLUSTER_REGION} ec2 describe-availability-zones \
    --query 'AvailabilityZones[].[{ZoneName: ZoneName, GroupName: GroupName, Status: OptInStatus}]' \
    --filters Name=zone-type,Values=local-zone \
    --all-availability-zones
```
Depending on the region, the list of available zones can be long. The command will return the following fields:
ZoneName
The name of the Local Zone.
GroupName
The group that the zone is part of. You need to save this name to opt in.
Status
The status of the Local Zone group. If the status is not-opted-in, you must opt in the GroupName by running the commands that follow.
Export a variable to contain the name of the Local Zone to host your VPC by running the following command:
```
$ export ZONE_GROUP_NAME="<value_of_GroupName>" 
```
1
1
The <value_of_GroupName> specifies the name of the group of the Local Zone you want to create subnets on. For example, specify us-east-1-nyc-1 to use the zone us-east-1-nyc-1a, US East (New York).

Opt in to the zone group on your AWS account by running the following command:

$ aws ec2 modify-availability-zone-group \
    --group-name "${ZONE_GROUP_NAME}" \
    --opt-in-status opted-in

14.5. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
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If you are deploying an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image, you must first subscribe through AWS. Subscribing to the offer provides you with the AMI ID that the installation program uses to deploy worker nodes.

Note

You should only modify the RHCOS image for compute machines to use an AWS Marketplace image. Control plane machines and infrastructure nodes do not require an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and use the public RHCOS default image by default, which does not incur subscription costs on your AWS bill. Therefore, you should not modify the cluster default boot image or the control plane boot images. Applying the AWS Marketplace image to them will incur additional licensing costs that cannot be recovered.

Prerequisites

You have an AWS account to purchase the offer. This account does not have to be the same account that is used to install the cluster.

Procedure

Complete the OpenShift Container Platform subscription from the AWS Marketplace.
Record the AMI ID for your specific region. As part of the installation process, you must update the
```
install-config.yaml
```
file with this value before deploying the cluster.

Sample install-config.yaml file with AWS Marketplace worker nodes

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
compute:
- hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      amiID: ami-06c4d345f7c207239


      type: m5.4xlarge
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: test-cluster
platform:
  aws:
    region: us-east-2


sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'

1: The AMI ID from your AWS Marketplace subscription.
2: Your AMI ID is associated with a specific AWS region. When creating the installation configuration file, ensure that you select the same AWS region that you specified when configuring your subscription.

14.6. Creating a VPC that uses AWS Local Zones
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You must create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), and subnets for each Local Zone location, in Amazon Web Services (AWS) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to extend worker nodes to the edge locations. You can further customize the VPC to meet your requirements, including VPN, route tables, and add new Local Zone subnets that are not included at initial deployment.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC.

Note

If you do not use the provided CloudFormation template to create your AWS infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

You configured an AWS account.
You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running
```
aws configure
```
.
You opted in to the AWS Local Zones on your AWS account.

Procedure

Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires:
```
[
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ClusterName", 
```
1
```
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster" 
```
2
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcCidr", 
```
3
```
    "ParameterValue": "10.0.0.0/16" 
```
4
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "AvailabilityZoneCount", 
```
5
```
    "ParameterValue": "3" 
```
6
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "SubnetBits", 
```
7
```
    "ParameterValue": "12" 
```
8
```
  }
]
```
1
A short, representative cluster name to use for hostnames, etc.
2
Specify the cluster name that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster.
3
The CIDR block for the VPC.
4
Specify a CIDR block in the format x.x.x.x/16-24.
5
The number of availability zones to deploy the VPC in.
6
Specify an integer between 1 and 3.
7
The size of each subnet in each availability zone.
8
Specify an integer between 5 and 13, where 5 is /27 and 13 is /19.
Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.
Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC by running the following command:
Important
You must enter the command on a single line.
```
$ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <name> \  
```
1
```
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml \  
```
2
```
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json  
```
3
1
<name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-vpc. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
2
<template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
3
<parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
Example output
```
arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:123456789012:stack/cluster-vpc/dbedae40-2fd3-11eb-820e-12a48460849f
```

Confirm that the template components exist by running the following command:

$ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <name>

After the

StackStatus

displays

CREATE_COMPLETE

, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:

`VpcId`	The ID of your VPC.
`PublicSubnetIds`	The IDs of the new public subnets.
`PrivateSubnetIds`	The IDs of the new private subnets.
`PublicRouteTableId`	The ID of the new public route table ID.

14.6.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC that uses AWS Local Zones
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You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses AWS Local Zones.

Example 14.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for Best Practice VPC with 1-3 AZs

Parameters:
  ClusterName:
    Type: String
    Description: ClusterName used to prefix resource names
  VpcCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/(1[6-9]|2[0-4]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    Default: 10.0.0.0/16
    Description: CIDR block for VPC.
    Type: String
  AvailabilityZoneCount:
    ConstraintDescription: "The number of availability zones. (Min: 1, Max: 3)"
    MinValue: 1
    MaxValue: 3
    Default: 1
    Description: "How many AZs to create VPC subnets for. (Min: 1, Max: 3)"
    Type: Number
  SubnetBits:
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/19-27.
    MinValue: 5
    MaxValue: 13
    Default: 12
    Description: "Size of each subnet to create within the availability zones. (Min: 5 = /27, Max: 13 = /19)"
    Type: Number

Metadata:
  AWS::CloudFormation::Interface:
    ParameterGroups:
    - Label:
        default: "Network Configuration"
      Parameters:
      - VpcCidr
      - SubnetBits
    - Label:
        default: "Availability Zones"
      Parameters:
      - AvailabilityZoneCount
    ParameterLabels:
      ClusterName:
        default: ""
      AvailabilityZoneCount:
        default: "Availability Zone Count"
      VpcCidr:
        default: "VPC CIDR"
      SubnetBits:
        default: "Bits Per Subnet"

Conditions:
  DoAz3: !Equals [3, !Ref AvailabilityZoneCount]
  DoAz2: !Or [!Equals [2, !Ref AvailabilityZoneCount], Condition: DoAz3]

Resources:
  VPC:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::VPC"
    Properties:
      EnableDnsSupport: "true"
      EnableDnsHostnames: "true"
      CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCidr
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-vpc" ] ]
      - Key: !Join [ "", [ "kubernetes.io/cluster/unmanaged" ] ]
        Value: "shared"

  PublicSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [0, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 0
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-public-1" ] ]
  PublicSubnet2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [1, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 1
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-public-2" ] ]
  PublicSubnet3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [2, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
        - 2
        - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-public-3" ] ]

  InternetGateway:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway"
    Properties:
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-igw" ] ]
  GatewayToInternet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway

  PublicRouteTable:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-rtb-public" ] ]
  PublicRoute:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    DependsOn: GatewayToInternet
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet3
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable

  PrivateSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [3, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 0
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-private-1" ] ]
  PrivateRouteTable:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-rtb-private-1" ] ]
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable
  NAT:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-natgw-private-1" ] ]
  EIP:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
  Route:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT

  PrivateSubnet2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [4, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 1
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-private-2" ] ]
  PrivateRouteTable2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-rtb-private-2" ] ]
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet2
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable2
  NAT2:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP2
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-natgw-private-2" ] ]
  EIP2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-eip-private-2" ] ]
  Route2:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Condition: DoAz2
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable2
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT2

  PrivateSubnet3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      CidrBlock: !Select [5, !Cidr [!Ref VpcCidr, 6, !Ref SubnetBits]]
      AvailabilityZone: !Select
      - 2
      - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref "AWS::Region"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-private-3" ] ]
  PrivateRouteTable3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::RouteTable"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-rtb-private-3" ] ]
  PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet3
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable3
  NAT3:
    DependsOn:
    - GatewayToInternet
    Type: "AWS::EC2::NatGateway"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      AllocationId:
        "Fn::GetAtt":
        - EIP3
        - AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet3
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-natgw-private-3" ] ]
  EIP3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::EIP"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join [ "", [ !Ref ClusterName, "-eip-private-3" ] ]
  Route3:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Route"
    Condition: DoAz3
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: PrivateRouteTable3
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NAT3

  S3Endpoint:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCEndpoint
    Properties:
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Statement:
        - Effect: Allow
          Principal: '*'
          Action:
          - '*'
          Resource:
          - '*'
      RouteTableIds:
      - !Ref PublicRouteTable
      - !Ref PrivateRouteTable
      - !If [DoAz2, !Ref PrivateRouteTable2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]
      - !If [DoAz3, !Ref PrivateRouteTable3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]
      ServiceName: !Join
      - ''
      - - com.amazonaws.
        - !Ref 'AWS::Region'
        - .s3
      VpcId: !Ref VPC

Outputs:
  VpcId:
    Description: ID of the new VPC.
    Value: !Ref VPC
  PublicSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the public subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!Ref PublicSubnet, !If [DoAz2, !Ref PublicSubnet2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"], !If [DoAz3, !Ref PublicSubnet3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]]
      ]
  PrivateSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the private subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        ",",
        [!Ref PrivateSubnet, !If [DoAz2, !Ref PrivateSubnet2, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"], !If [DoAz3, !Ref PrivateSubnet3, !Ref "AWS::NoValue"]]
      ]
  PublicRouteTableId:
    Description: Public Route table ID
    Value: !Ref PublicRouteTable
  PrivateRouteTableId:
    Description: Private Route table ID
    Value: !Ref PrivateRouteTable

14.7. Creating a subnet in AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

You must create a subnet in AWS Local Zones before you configure a worker machineset for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

You must repeat the following process for each Local Zone you want to deploy worker nodes to.

You can use the provided CloudFormation template and a custom parameter file to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the subnet.

Note

Prerequisites

You configured an AWS account.
You added your AWS keys and region to your local AWS profile by running
```
aws configure
```
.
You opted in to the Local Zone group.

Procedure

Create a JSON file that contains the parameter values that the template requires:
```
[
  {
    "ParameterKey": "ClusterName", 
```
1
```
    "ParameterValue": "mycluster" 
```
2
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "VpcId", 
```
3
```
    "ParameterValue": "vpc-<random_string>" 
```
4
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PublicRouteTableId", 
```
5
```
    "ParameterValue": "<vpc_rtb_pub>" 
```
6
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "LocalZoneName", 
```
7
```
    "ParameterValue": "<cluster_region_name>-<location_identifier>-<zone_identifier>" 
```
8
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "LocalZoneNameShort", 
```
9
```
    "ParameterValue": "<lz_zone_shortname>" 
```
10
```
  },
  {
    "ParameterKey": "PublicSubnetCidr", 
```
11
```
    "ParameterValue": "10.0.128.0/20" 
```
12
```
  }
]
```
1
A short, representative cluster name to use for hostnames, etc.
2
Specify the cluster name that you used when you generated the install-config.yaml file for the cluster.
3
The VPC ID in which the Local Zone’s subnet will be created.
4
Specify the VpcId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
5
The Public Route Table ID for the VPC.
6
Specify the PublicRouteTableId value from the output of the CloudFormation template for the VPC.
7
The Local Zone name that the VPC belongs to.
8
Specify the Local Zone that you opted your AWS account into, such as us-east-1-nyc-1a.
9
The shortname of the AWS Local Zone that the VPC belongs to.
10
Specify a short name for the AWS Local Zone that you opted your AWS account into, such as <zone_group_identified><zone_identifier>. For example, us-east-1-nyc-1a is shortened to nyc-1a.
11
The CIDR block to allow access to the Local Zone.
12
Specify a CIDR block in the format x.x.x.x/16-24.
Copy the template from the CloudFormation template for the subnet section of this topic and save it as a YAML file on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires.
Launch the CloudFormation template to create a stack of AWS resources that represent the VPC by running the following command:
Important
You must enter the command on a single line.
```
$ aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name <subnet_stack_name> \ 
```
1
```
     --template-body file://<template>.yaml \ 
```
2
```
     --parameters file://<parameters>.json 
```
3
1
<subnet_stack_name> is the name for the CloudFormation stack, such as cluster-lz-<local_zone_shortname>. You need the name of this stack if you remove the cluster.
2
<template> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation template YAML file that you saved.
3
<parameters> is the relative path to and name of the CloudFormation parameters JSON file.
Example output
```
arn:aws:cloudformation:us-east-1:123456789012:stack/cluster-lz-nyc1/dbedae40-2fd3-11eb-820e-12a48460849f
```
Confirm that the template components exist by running the following command:
```
$ aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name <subnet_stack_name>
```
After the
```
StackStatus
```
displays
```
CREATE_COMPLETE
```
, the output displays values for the following parameters. You must provide these parameter values to the other CloudFormation templates that you run to create your cluster:
PublicSubnetIds

The IDs of the new public subnets.

14.7.1. CloudFormation template for the subnet that uses AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

You can use the following CloudFormation template to deploy the subnet that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses AWS Local Zones.

Example 14.2. CloudFormation template for the subnet

# CloudFormation template used to create Local Zone subnets and dependencies
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Template for Best Practice VPC with 1-3 AZs

Parameters:
  ClusterName:
    Description: ClusterName used to prefix resource names
    Type: String
  VpcId:
    Description: VPC Id
    Type: String
  LocalZoneName:
    Description: Local Zone Name (Example us-east-1-bos-1)
    Type: String
  LocalZoneNameShort:
    Description: Short name for Local Zone used on tag Name (Example bos1)
    Type: String
  PublicRouteTableId:
    Description: Public Route Table ID to associate the Local Zone subnet
    Type: String
  PublicSubnetCidr:
    AllowedPattern: ^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(\/(1[6-9]|2[0-4]))$
    ConstraintDescription: CIDR block parameter must be in the form x.x.x.x/16-24.
    Default: 10.0.128.0/20
    Description: CIDR block for Public Subnet
    Type: String

Resources:
  PublicSubnet:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::Subnet"
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnetCidr
      AvailabilityZone: !Ref LocalZoneName
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: !Join
          - ""
          - [ !Ref ClusterName, "-public-", !Ref LocalZoneNameShort, "-1" ]
      - Key: kubernetes.io/cluster/unmanaged
        Value: "true"

  PublicSubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation"
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTableId

Outputs:
  PublicSubnetIds:
    Description: Subnet IDs of the public subnets.
    Value:
      !Join [
        "",
        [!Ref PublicSubnet]
      ]

14.8. Obtaining the installation program
Link kopieren

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider.
Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program that corresponds with your host operating system and architecture, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.
Important
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.
Important
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

14.9. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
Link kopieren

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the

~/.ssh/authorized_keys

list for the

core

user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user

core

. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The

./openshift-install gather

command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 
```
1
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
Note
If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
,
ppc64le
, and
s390x
architectures. do not create a key that uses the
ed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the
rsa
or
ecdsa
algorithm.

View the public SSH key:

$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

For example, run the following to view the

~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

public key:

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
```
./openshift-install gather
```
command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and
~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.
1. If the
  ssh-agent
  process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
  $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
  Example output
  Agent pid 31874
  Note
  If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
```
ssh-agent
```
:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 
```
1
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

14.10. Creating the installation files for AWS
Link kopieren

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and use AWS Local Zones, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the

install-config.yaml

file and Kubernetes manifests.

14.10.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Link kopieren

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

Expand

Table 14.1. Minimum resource requirements
Machine	Operating System	vCPU ^[1]	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)^[2]
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later ^[3]	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

14.10.2. Tested instance types for AWS
Link kopieren

The following Amazon Web Services (AWS) instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform for use with AWS Local Zones.

Note

Use the machine types included in the following charts for your AWS instances. If you use an instance type that is not listed in the chart, ensure that the instance size you use matches the minimum resource requirements that are listed in "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation".

Example 14.3. Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture for AWS Local Zones

```
c5.*
```
```
c5d.*
```
```
m6i.*
```
```
m5.*
```
```
r5.*
```
```
t3.*
```

14.10.3. Creating the installation configuration file
Link kopieren

Generate and customize the installation configuration file that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
You checked that you are deploying your cluster to a region with an accompanying Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI published by Red Hat. If you are deploying to a region that requires a custom AMI, such as an AWS GovCloud region, you must create the
```
install-config.yaml
```
file manually.

Procedure

Create the
```
install-config.yaml
```
file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
  $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
  1
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  Important
  Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
    
    ssh-agent
    
    process uses.
  2. Select aws as the platform to target.
  3. If you do not have an AWS profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
    Note
    The AWS access key ID and secret access key are stored in
    
    ~/.aws/credentials
    
    in the home directory of the current user on the installation host. You are prompted for the credentials by the installation program if the credentials for the exported profile are not present in the file. Any credentials that you provide to the installation program are stored in the file.
  4. Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to. The region that you specify must be the same region that contains the Local Zone that you opted into for your AWS account.
  5. Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
  6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
  7. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Edit the
```
install-config.yaml
```
file to provide the subnets for the availability zones that your VPC uses:
```
platform:
  aws:
    subnets: 
```
1
```
    - publicSubnetId-1
    - publicSubnetId-2
    - publicSubnetId-3
    - privateSubnetId-1
    - privateSubnetId-2
    - privateSubnetId-3
```
1
Add the subnets section and specify the PrivateSubnetIds and PublicSubnetIds values from the outputs of the CloudFormation template for the VPC. Do not include the Local Zone subnets here.
Optional: Back up the
```
install-config.yaml
```
file.
Important
The
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

14.10.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest files
Link kopieren

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
You created the
```
install-config.yaml
```
installation configuration file.
You installed the
```
jq
```
package.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster by running the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 
```
1
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.
Set the default Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) according to the network plugin:
Important
Generally, the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) between an Amazon EC2 instance in a Local Zone and an Amazon EC2 instance in the Region is 1300. See How Local Zones work in the AWS documentation. The cluster network MTU must be always less than the EC2 MTU to account for the overhead. The specific overhead is determined by your network plugin, for example:
- OVN-Kubernetes:
  
  100 bytes
- OpenShift SDN:
  
  50 bytes
The network plugin could provide additional features, like IPsec, that also must be decreased the MTU. Check the documentation for additional information.
1. If you are using the
  OVN-Kubernetes
  network plugin, enter the following command:
  $ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: ovnKubernetesConfig: mtu: 1200 EOF
2. If you are using the
  OpenShift SDN
  network plugin, enter the following command:
  $ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: defaultNetwork: openshiftSDNConfig: mtu: 1250 EOF

Create the machine set manifests for the worker nodes in your Local Zone.

Export a local variable that contains the name of the Local Zone that you opted your AWS account into by running the following command:
```
$ export LZ_ZONE_NAME="<local_zone_name>" 
```
1
1
For <local_zone_name>, specify the Local Zone that you opted your AWS account into, such as us-east-1-nyc-1a.
Review the instance types for the location that you will deploy to by running the following command:
```
$ aws ec2 describe-instance-type-offerings \
    --location-type availability-zone \
    --filters Name=location,Values=${LZ_ZONE_NAME}
    --region <region> 
```
1
1
For <region>, specify the name of the region that you will deploy to, such as us-east-1.
Export a variable to define the instance type for the worker machines to deploy on the Local Zone subnet by running the following command:
```
$ export INSTANCE_TYPE="<instance_type>" 
```
1
1
Set <instance_type> to a tested instance type, such as c5d.2xlarge.

Store the AMI ID as a local variable by running the following command:

$ export AMI_ID=$(grep ami
  <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-0.yaml \
  | tail -n1 | awk '{print$2}')

Store the subnet ID as a local variable by running the following command:
```
$ export SUBNET_ID=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name "<subnet_stack_name>" \ 
```
1
```
  | jq -r '.Stacks[0].Outputs[0].OutputValue')
```
1
For <subnet_stack_name>, specify the name of the subnet stack that you created.

Store the cluster ID as local variable by running the following command:

$ export CLUSTER_ID="$(awk '/infrastructureName: / {print $2}' 	<installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml)"

Create the worker manifest file for the Local Zone that your VPC uses by running the following command:

$ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-nyc1.yaml
apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: ${CLUSTER_ID}
  name: ${CLUSTER_ID}-edge-${LZ_ZONE_NAME}
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: ${CLUSTER_ID}
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: ${CLUSTER_ID}-edge-${LZ_ZONE_NAME}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: ${CLUSTER_ID}
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: edge
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: edge
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: ${CLUSTER_ID}-edge-${LZ_ZONE_NAME}
    spec:
      metadata:
        labels:
          machine.openshift.com/zone-type: local-zone
          machine.openshift.com/zone-group: ${ZONE_GROUP_NAME}
          node-role.kubernetes.io/edge: ""
      taints:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/edge
          effect: NoSchedule
      providerSpec:
        value:
          ami:
            id: ${AMI_ID}
          apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
          blockDevices:
          - ebs:
              volumeSize: 120
              volumeType: gp2
          credentialsSecret:
            name: aws-cloud-credentials
          deviceIndex: 0
          iamInstanceProfile:
            id: ${CLUSTER_ID}-worker-profile
          instanceType: ${INSTANCE_TYPE}
          kind: AWSMachineProviderConfig
          placement:
            availabilityZone: ${LZ_ZONE_NAME}
            region: ${CLUSTER_REGION}
          securityGroups:
          - filters:
            - name: tag:Name
              values:
              - ${CLUSTER_ID}-worker-sg
          subnet:
            id: ${SUBNET_ID}
          publicIp: true
          tags:
          - name: kubernetes.io/cluster/${CLUSTER_ID}
            value: owned
          userDataSecret:
            name: worker-user-data
EOF

14.11. Deploying the cluster
Link kopieren

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the

create cluster

command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Verify the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 
```
1
```
    --log-level=info 
```
2
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Note
If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
Optional: Remove or disable the
```
AdministratorAccess
```
policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.
Note
The elevated permissions provided by the
AdministratorAccess
policy are required only during installation.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the
```
kubeadmin
```
user.

Credential information also outputs to

<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
```
node-bootstrapper
```
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Next steps

Creating user workloads in AWS Local Zones

14.12. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
Link kopieren

You can install the OpenShift CLI (

oc

) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install

oc

on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

Important

If you installed an earlier version of

oc

, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.12. Download and install the new version of

oc

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (

oc

) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Linux Client entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the
```
oc
```
binary in a directory that is on your
```
PATH
```
.
To check your
```
PATH
```
, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
```
oc
```
command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (

oc

) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
```
oc
```
binary to a directory that is on your
```
PATH
```
.
To check your
```
PATH
```
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
```
oc
```
command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (

oc

) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.12 macOS Client entry and save the file.
Note
For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.12 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
```
oc
```
binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your
```
PATH
```
, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the
```
oc
```
command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

14.13. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
Link kopieren

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster

kubeconfig

file. The

kubeconfig

file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the
```
oc
```
CLI.

Procedure

Export the
```
kubeadmin
```
credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 
```
1
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
```
oc
```
commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

14.14. Logging in to the cluster by using the web console
Link kopieren

The

kubeadmin

user exists by default after an OpenShift Container Platform installation. You can log in to your cluster as the

kubeadmin

user by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

You have access to the installation host.
You completed a cluster installation and all cluster Operators are available.

Procedure

Obtain the password for the
```
kubeadmin
```
user from the
```
kubeadmin-password
```
file on the installation host:
```
$ cat <installation_directory>/auth/kubeadmin-password
```
Note
Alternatively, you can obtain the
kubeadmin
password from the
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
log file on the installation host.

List the OpenShift Container Platform web console route:

$ oc get routes -n openshift-console | grep 'console-openshift'

Note

Alternatively, you can obtain the OpenShift Container Platform route from the

<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log

log file on the installation host.

Example output

console     console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>            console     https   reencrypt/Redirect   None

Navigate to the route detailed in the output of the preceding command in a web browser and log in as the
```
kubeadmin
```
user.

14.15. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
Link kopieren

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager Hybrid Cloud Console inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

14.16. Next steps
Link kopieren

Validating an installation.
Customize your cluster.
Remote health reporting
If necessary, you can remove cloud provider credentials.

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Chapter 14. Installing a cluster using AWS Local Zones

14.1. Prerequisites
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14.2. Cluster limitations in AWS Local Zones
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14.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
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14.4. Opting into AWS Local Zones
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14.5. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
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14.6. Creating a VPC that uses AWS Local Zones
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14.6.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC that uses AWS Local Zones
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14.7. Creating a subnet in AWS Local Zones
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14.7.1. CloudFormation template for the subnet that uses AWS Local Zones
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14.8. Obtaining the installation program
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14.9. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
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14.10. Creating the installation files for AWS
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14.10.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
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14.10.2. Tested instance types for AWS
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14.10.3. Creating the installation configuration file
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14.10.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest files
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14.11. Deploying the cluster
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14.12. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
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Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

14.13. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
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14.14. Logging in to the cluster by using the web console
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14.15. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
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14.16. Next steps
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Dieser Inhalt ist in der von Ihnen ausgewählten Sprache nicht verfügbar.

Chapter 14. Installing a cluster using AWS Local Zones

14.1. PrerequisitesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.2. Cluster limitations in AWS Local ZonesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container PlatformLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.4. Opting into AWS Local ZonesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.5. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace imageLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.6. Creating a VPC that uses AWS Local ZonesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.6.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC that uses AWS Local ZonesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.7. Creating a subnet in AWS Local ZonesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.7.1. CloudFormation template for the subnet that uses AWS Local ZonesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.8. Obtaining the installation programLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.9. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH accessLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.10. Creating the installation files for AWSLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.10.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installationLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.10.2. Tested instance types for AWSLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.10.3. Creating the installation configuration fileLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.10.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest filesLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.11. Deploying the clusterLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.12. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binaryLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

14.13. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLILink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.14. Logging in to the cluster by using the web consoleLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.15. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container PlatformLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

14.16. Next stepsLink kopierenLink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

Lernen

Testen, kaufen und verkaufen

Communitys

Über Red Hat Dokumentation

Mehr Inklusion in Open Source

Über Red Hat

Theme

Red Hat legal and privacy links

Red Hat legal and privacy links

14.1. Prerequisites
Link kopieren

14.2. Cluster limitations in AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

14.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform
Link kopieren

14.4. Opting into AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

14.5. Obtaining an AWS Marketplace image
Link kopieren

14.6. Creating a VPC that uses AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

14.6.1. CloudFormation template for the VPC that uses AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

14.7. Creating a subnet in AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

14.7.1. CloudFormation template for the subnet that uses AWS Local Zones
Link kopieren

14.8. Obtaining the installation program
Link kopieren

14.9. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
Link kopieren

14.10. Creating the installation files for AWS
Link kopieren

14.10.1. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation
Link kopieren

14.10.2. Tested instance types for AWS
Link kopieren

14.10.3. Creating the installation configuration file
Link kopieren

14.10.4. Creating the Kubernetes manifest files
Link kopieren

14.11. Deploying the cluster
Link kopieren

14.12. Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
Link kopieren

14.13. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
Link kopieren

14.14. Logging in to the cluster by using the web console
Link kopieren

14.15. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
Link kopieren

14.16. Next steps
Link kopieren