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Chapter 3. Migrating from Jenkins to Tekton
3.1. Migrating from Jenkins to Tekton
Jenkins and Tekton are extensively used to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying applications and projects. However, Tekton is a cloud-native CI/CD solution that works seamlessly with Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform. This document helps you migrate your Jenkins CI/CD workflows to Tekton.
3.1.1. Comparison of Jenkins and Tekton concepts
This section summarizes the basic terms used in Jenkins and Tekton, and compares the equivalent terms.
3.1.1.1. Jenkins terminology
Jenkins offers declarative and scripted pipelines that are extensible using shared libraries and plugins. Some basic terms in Jenkins are as follows:
- Pipeline: Automates the entire process of building, testing, and deploying applications, using the Groovy syntax.
- Node: A machine capable of either orchestrating or executing a scripted pipeline.
- Stage: A conceptually distinct subset of tasks performed in a pipeline. Plugins or user interfaces often use this block to display status or progress of tasks.
- Step: A single task that specifies the exact action to be taken, either by using a command or a script.
3.1.1.2. Tekton terminology
Tekton uses the YAML syntax for declarative pipelines and consists of tasks. Some basic terms in Tekton are as follows:
- Pipeline: A set of tasks in a series, in parallel, or both.
- Task: A sequence of steps as commands, binaries, or scripts.
- PipelineRun: Execution of a pipeline with one or more tasks.
TaskRun: Execution of a task with one or more steps.
NoteYou can initiate a PipelineRun or a TaskRun with a set of inputs such as parameters and workspaces, and the execution results in a set of outputs and artifacts.
Workspace: In Tekton, workspaces are conceptual blocks that serve the following purposes:
- Storage of inputs, outputs, and build artifacts.
- Common space to share data among tasks.
- Mount points for credentials held in secrets, configurations held in config maps, and common tools shared by an organization.
NoteIn Jenkins, there is no direct equivalent of Tekton workspaces. You can think of the control node as a workspace, as it stores the cloned code repository, build history, and artifacts. In situations where a job is assigned to a different node, the cloned code and the generated artifacts are stored in that node, but the build history is maintained by the control node.
3.1.1.3. Mapping of concepts
The building blocks of Jenkins and Tekton are not equivalent, and a comparison does not provide a technically accurate mapping. The following terms and concepts in Jenkins and Tekton correlate in general:
| Jenkins | Tekton |
|---|---|
| Pipeline | Pipeline and PipelineRun |
| Stage | Task |
| Step | A step in a task |
3.1.2. Migrating a sample pipeline from Jenkins to Tekton
This section provides equivalent examples of pipelines in Jenkins and Tekton and helps you to migrate your build, test, and deploy pipelines from Jenkins to Tekton.
3.1.2.1. Jenkins pipeline
Consider a Jenkins pipeline written in Groovy for building, testing, and deploying:
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'make'
}
}
stage('Test'){
steps {
sh 'make check'
junit 'reports/**/*.xml'
}
}
stage('Deploy') {
steps {
sh 'make publish'
}
}
}
}3.1.2.2. Tekton pipeline
In Tekton, the equivalent example of the Jenkins pipeline comprises of three tasks, each of which can be written declaratively using the YAML syntax:
Example build task
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Task
metadata:
name: myproject-build
spec:
workspaces:
- name: source
steps:
- image: my-ci-image
command: ["make"]
workingDir: $(workspaces.source.path)
Example test task:
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Task
metadata:
name: myproject-test
spec:
workspaces:
- name: source
steps:
- image: my-ci-image
command: ["make check"]
workingDir: $(workspaces.source.path)
- image: junit-report-image
script: |
#!/usr/bin/env bash
junit-report reports/**/*.xml
workingDir: $(workspaces.source.path)
Example deploy task:
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Task
metadata:
name: myprojectd-deploy
spec:
workspaces:
- name: source
steps:
- image: my-deploy-image
command: ["make deploy"]
workingDir: $(workspaces.source.path)
You can combine the three tasks sequentially to form a Tekton pipeline:
Example: Tekton pipeline for building, testing, and deployment
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Pipeline
metadata:
name: myproject-pipeline
spec:
workspaces:
- name: shared-dir
tasks:
- name: build
taskRef:
name: myproject-build
workspaces:
- name: source
workspace: shared-dir
- name: test
taskRef:
name: myproject-test
workspaces:
- name: source
workspace: shared-dir
- name: deploy
taskRef:
name: myproject-deploy
workspaces:
- name: source
workspace: shared-dir
3.1.3. Migrating from Jenkins plugins to Tekton Hub tasks
You can extend the capability of Jenkins by using plugins. To achieve similar extensibility in Tekton, use any of the available tasks from Tekton Hub.
As an example, consider the git-clone task available in the Tekton Hub, that corresponds to the git plugin for Jenkins.
Example: git-clone task from Tekton Hub
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Pipeline
metadata:
name: demo-pipeline
spec:
params:
- name: repo_url
- name: revision
workspaces:
- name: source
tasks:
- name: fetch-from-git
taskRef:
name: git-clone
params:
- name: url
value: $(params.repo_url)
- name: revision
value: $(params.revision)
workspaces:
- name: output
workspace: source
3.1.4. Extending Tekton capabilities using custom tasks and scripts
In Tekton, if you do not find the right task in Tekton Hub, or need greater control over tasks, you can create custom tasks and scripts to extend Tekton’s capabilities.
Example: Custom task for running the maven test command
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Task
metadata:
name: maven-test
spec:
workspaces:
- name: source
steps:
- image: my-maven-image
command: ["mvn test"]
workingDir: $(workspaces.source.path)
Example: Execute a custom shell script by providing its path
...
steps:
image: ubuntu
script: |
#!/usr/bin/env bash
/workspace/my-script.sh
...
Example: Execute a custom Python script by writing it in the YAML file
...
steps:
image: python
script: |
#!/usr/bin/env python3
print(“hello from python!”)
...
3.1.5. Comparison of Jenkins and Tekton execution models
Jenkins and Tekton offer similar functions but are different in architecture and execution. This section outlines a brief comparison of the two execution models.
| Jenkins | Tekton |
|---|---|
| Jenkins has a control node. Jenkins executes pipelines and steps centrally, or orchestrates jobs running in other nodes. | Tekton is serverless and distributed, and there is no central dependency for execution. |
| The containers are launched by the control node through the pipeline. | Tekton adopts a 'container-first' approach, where every step is executed as a container running in a pod (equivalent to nodes in Jenkins). |
| Extensibility is achieved using plugins. | Extensibility is achieved using tasks in Tekton Hub, or by creating custom tasks and scripts. |
3.1.6. Examples of common use cases
Both Jenkins and Tekton offer capabilities for common CI/CD use cases, such as:
- Compiling, building, and deploying images using maven
- Extending the core capabilities by using plugins
- Reusing shareable libraries and custom scripts
3.1.6.1. Running a maven pipeline in Jenkins and Tekton
You can use maven in both Jenkins and Tekton workflows for compiling, building, and deploying images. To map your existing Jenkins workflow to Tekton, consider the following examples:
Example: Compile and build an image and deploy it to OpenShift using maven in Jenkins
#!/usr/bin/groovy
node('maven') {
stage 'Checkout'
checkout scm
stage 'Build'
sh 'cd helloworld && mvn clean'
sh 'cd helloworld && mvn compile'
stage 'Run Unit Tests'
sh 'cd helloworld && mvn test'
stage 'Package'
sh 'cd helloworld && mvn package'
stage 'Archive artifact'
sh 'mkdir -p artifacts/deployments && cp helloworld/target/*.war artifacts/deployments'
archive 'helloworld/target/*.war'
stage 'Create Image'
sh 'oc login https://kubernetes.default -u admin -p admin --insecure-skip-tls-verify=true'
sh 'oc new-project helloworldproject'
sh 'oc project helloworldproject'
sh 'oc process -f helloworld/jboss-eap70-binary-build.json | oc create -f -'
sh 'oc start-build eap-helloworld-app --from-dir=artifacts/'
stage 'Deploy'
sh 'oc new-app helloworld/jboss-eap70-deploy.json' }
Example: Compile and build an image and deploy it to OpenShift using maven in Tekton.
apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1beta1
kind: Pipeline
metadata:
name: maven-pipeline
spec:
workspaces:
- name: shared-workspace
- name: maven-settings
- name: kubeconfig-dir
optional: true
params:
- name: repo-url
- name: revision
- name: context-path
tasks:
- name: fetch-repo
taskRef:
name: git-clone
workspaces:
- name: output
workspace: shared-workspace
params:
- name: url
value: "$(params.repo-url)"
- name: subdirectory
value: ""
- name: deleteExisting
value: "true"
- name: revision
value: $(params.revision)
- name: mvn-build
taskRef:
name: maven
runAfter:
- fetch-repo
workspaces:
- name: source
workspace: shared-workspace
- name: maven-settings
workspace: maven-settings
params:
- name: CONTEXT_DIR
value: "$(params.context-path)"
- name: GOALS
value: ["-DskipTests", "clean", "compile"]
- name: mvn-tests
taskRef:
name: maven
runAfter:
- mvn-build
workspaces:
- name: source
workspace: shared-workspace
- name: maven-settings
workspace: maven-settings
params:
- name: CONTEXT_DIR
value: "$(params.context-path)"
- name: GOALS
value: ["test"]
- name: mvn-package
taskRef:
name: maven
runAfter:
- mvn-tests
workspaces:
- name: source
workspace: shared-workspace
- name: maven-settings
workspace: maven-settings
params:
- name: CONTEXT_DIR
value: "$(params.context-path)"
- name: GOALS
value: ["package"]
- name: create-image-and-deploy
taskRef:
name: openshift-client
runAfter:
- mvn-package
workspaces:
- name: manifest-dir
workspace: shared-workspace
- name: kubeconfig-dir
workspace: kubeconfig-dir
params:
- name: SCRIPT
value: |
cd "$(params.context-path)"
mkdir -p ./artifacts/deployments && cp ./target/*.war ./artifacts/deployments
oc new-project helloworldproject
oc project helloworldproject
oc process -f jboss-eap70-binary-build.json | oc create -f -
oc start-build eap-helloworld-app --from-dir=artifacts/
oc new-app jboss-eap70-deploy.json
3.1.6.2. Extending the core capabilities of Jenkins and Tekton by using plugins
Jenkins has the advantage of a large ecosystem of numerous plugins developed over the years by its extensive user base. You can search and browse the plugins in the Jenkins Plugin Index.
Tekton also has many tasks developed and contributed by the community and enterprise users. A publicly available catalog of reusable Tekton tasks are available in the Tekton Hub.
In addition, Tekton incorporates many of the plugins of the Jenkins ecosystem within its core capabilities. For example, authorization is a critical function in both Jenkins and Tekton. While Jenkins ensures authorization using the Role-based Authorization Strategy plugin, Tekton uses OpenShift’s built-in Role-based Access Control system.
3.1.6.3. Sharing reusable code in Jenkins and Tekton
Jenkins shared libraries provide reusable code for parts of Jenkins pipelines. The libraries are shared between Jenkinsfiles to create highly modular pipelines without code repetition.
Although there is no direct equivalent of Jenkins shared libraries in Tekton, you can achieve similar workflows by using tasks from the Tekton Hub, in combination with custom tasks and scripts.
