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Chapter 4. Installing a cluster on OpenStack with Kuryr

Important

Kuryr is a deprecated feature. Deprecated functionality is still included in OpenShift Container Platform and continues to be supported; however, it will be removed in a future release of this product and is not recommended for new deployments.

For the most recent list of major functionality that has been deprecated or removed within OpenShift Container Platform, refer to the Deprecated and removed features section of the OpenShift Container Platform release notes.

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.14, you can install a customized cluster on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) that uses Kuryr SDN. To customize the installation, modify parameters in the install-config.yaml before you install the cluster.

4.1. Prerequisites

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You verified that OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 is compatible with your RHOSP version by using the Supported platforms for OpenShift clusters section. You can also compare platform support across different versions by viewing the OpenShift Container Platform on RHOSP support matrix.
You have a storage service installed in RHOSP, such as block storage (Cinder) or object storage (Swift). Object storage is the recommended storage technology for OpenShift Container Platform registry cluster deployment. For more information, see Optimizing storage.
You understand performance and scalability practices for cluster scaling, control plane sizing, and etcd. For more information, see Recommended practices for scaling the cluster.

4.2. About Kuryr SDN

Important

Kuryr is a container network interface (CNI) plugin solution that uses the Neutron and Octavia Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) services to provide networking for pods and Services.

Kuryr and OpenShift Container Platform integration is primarily designed for OpenShift Container Platform clusters running on RHOSP VMs. Kuryr improves the network performance by plugging OpenShift Container Platform pods into RHOSP SDN. In addition, it provides interconnectivity between pods and RHOSP virtual instances.

Kuryr components are installed as pods in OpenShift Container Platform using the openshift-kuryr namespace:

kuryr-controller - a single service instance installed on a master node. This is modeled in OpenShift Container Platform as a Deployment object.
kuryr-cni - a container installing and configuring Kuryr as a CNI driver on each OpenShift Container Platform node. This is modeled in OpenShift Container Platform as a DaemonSet object.

The Kuryr controller watches the OpenShift Container Platform API server for pod, service, and namespace create, update, and delete events. It maps the OpenShift Container Platform API calls to corresponding objects in Neutron and Octavia. This means that every network solution that implements the Neutron trunk port functionality can be used to back OpenShift Container Platform via Kuryr. This includes open source solutions such as Open vSwitch (OVS) and Open Virtual Network (OVN) as well as Neutron-compatible commercial SDNs.

Kuryr is recommended for OpenShift Container Platform deployments on encapsulated RHOSP tenant networks to avoid double encapsulation, such as running an encapsulated OpenShift Container Platform SDN over an RHOSP network.

If you use provider networks or tenant VLANs, you do not need to use Kuryr to avoid double encapsulation. The performance benefit is negligible. Depending on your configuration, though, using Kuryr to avoid having two overlays might still be beneficial.

Kuryr is not recommended in deployments where all of the following criteria are true:

The RHOSP version is less than 16.
The deployment uses UDP services, or a large number of TCP services on few hypervisors.

The ovn-octavia Octavia driver is disabled.
The deployment uses a large number of TCP services on few hypervisors.

4.3. Resource guidelines for installing OpenShift Container Platform on RHOSP with Kuryr

When using Kuryr SDN, the pods, services, namespaces, and network policies are using resources from the RHOSP quota; this increases the minimum requirements. Kuryr also has some additional requirements on top of what a default install requires.

Use the following quota to satisfy a default cluster’s minimum requirements:

Table 4.1. Recommended resources for a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster on RHOSP with Kuryr
Resource	Value
Floating IP addresses	3 - plus the expected number of Services of LoadBalancer type
Ports	1500 - 1 needed per Pod
Routers	1
Subnets	250 - 1 needed per Namespace/Project
Networks	250 - 1 needed per Namespace/Project
RAM	112 GB
vCPUs	28
Volume storage	275 GB
Instances	7
Security groups	250 - 1 needed per Service and per NetworkPolicy
Security group rules	1000
Server groups	2 - plus 1 for each additional availability zone in each machine pool
Load balancers	100 - 1 needed per Service
Load balancer listeners	500 - 1 needed per Service-exposed port
Load balancer pools	500 - 1 needed per Service-exposed port

A cluster might function with fewer than recommended resources, but its performance is not guaranteed.

Important

If RHOSP object storage (Swift) is available and operated by a user account with the swiftoperator role, it is used as the default backend for the OpenShift Container Platform image registry. In this case, the volume storage requirement is 175 GB. Swift space requirements vary depending on the size of the image registry.

Important

If you are using Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) version 16 with the Amphora driver rather than the OVN Octavia driver, security groups are associated with service accounts instead of user projects.

Take the following notes into consideration when setting resources:

The number of ports that are required is larger than the number of pods. Kuryr uses ports pools to have pre-created ports ready to be used by pods and speed up the pods' booting time.
Each network policy is mapped into an RHOSP security group, and depending on the NetworkPolicy spec, one or more rules are added to the security group.
Each service is mapped to an RHOSP load balancer. Consider this requirement when estimating the number of security groups required for the quota.
If you are using RHOSP version 15 or earlier, or the ovn-octavia driver, each load balancer has a security group with the user project.
The quota does not account for load balancer resources (such as VM resources), but you must consider these resources when you decide the RHOSP deployment’s size. The default installation will have more than 50 load balancers; the clusters must be able to accommodate them.
If you are using RHOSP version 16 with the OVN Octavia driver enabled, only one load balancer VM is generated; services are load balanced through OVN flows.

An OpenShift Container Platform deployment comprises control plane machines, compute machines, and a bootstrap machine.

To enable Kuryr SDN, your environment must meet the following requirements:

Run RHOSP 13+.
Have Overcloud with Octavia.
Use Neutron Trunk ports extension.
Use openvswitch firewall driver if ML2/OVS Neutron driver is used instead of ovs-hybrid.

4.3.1. Increasing quota

When using Kuryr SDN, you must increase quotas to satisfy the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) resources used by pods, services, namespaces, and network policies.

Procedure

Increase the quotas for a project by running the following command:

$ sudo openstack quota set --secgroups 250 --secgroup-rules 1000 --ports 1500 --subnets 250 --networks 250 <project>

4.3.2. Configuring Neutron

Kuryr CNI leverages the Neutron Trunks extension to plug containers into the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) SDN, so you must use the trunks extension for Kuryr to properly work.

In addition, if you leverage the default ML2/OVS Neutron driver, the firewall must be set to openvswitch instead of ovs_hybrid so that security groups are enforced on trunk subports and Kuryr can properly handle network policies.

4.3.3. Configuring Octavia

Kuryr SDN uses Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP)'s Octavia LBaaS to implement OpenShift Container Platform services. Thus, you must install and configure Octavia components in RHOSP to use Kuryr SDN.

To enable Octavia, you must include the Octavia service during the installation of the RHOSP Overcloud, or upgrade the Octavia service if the Overcloud already exists. The following steps for enabling Octavia apply to both a clean install of the Overcloud or an Overcloud update.

Note

The following steps only capture the key pieces required during the deployment of RHOSP when dealing with Octavia. It is also important to note that registry methods vary.

This example uses the local registry method.

Procedure

If you are using the local registry, create a template to upload the images to the registry. For example:

(undercloud) $ openstack overcloud container image prepare \
-e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/services-docker/octavia.yaml \
--namespace=registry.access.redhat.com/rhosp13 \
--push-destination=<local-ip-from-undercloud.conf>:8787 \
--prefix=openstack- \
--tag-from-label {version}-{product-version} \
--output-env-file=/home/stack/templates/overcloud_images.yaml \
--output-images-file /home/stack/local_registry_images.yaml

Verify that the local_registry_images.yaml file contains the Octavia images. For example:

...
- imagename: registry.access.redhat.com/rhosp13/openstack-octavia-api:13.0-43
  push_destination: <local-ip-from-undercloud.conf>:8787
- imagename: registry.access.redhat.com/rhosp13/openstack-octavia-health-manager:13.0-45
  push_destination: <local-ip-from-undercloud.conf>:8787
- imagename: registry.access.redhat.com/rhosp13/openstack-octavia-housekeeping:13.0-45
  push_destination: <local-ip-from-undercloud.conf>:8787
- imagename: registry.access.redhat.com/rhosp13/openstack-octavia-worker:13.0-44
  push_destination: <local-ip-from-undercloud.conf>:8787

Note

The Octavia container versions vary depending upon the specific RHOSP release installed.

Pull the container images from registry.redhat.io to the Undercloud node:
```
(undercloud) $ sudo openstack overcloud container image upload \
  --config-file  /home/stack/local_registry_images.yaml \
  --verbose
```
This may take some time depending on the speed of your network and Undercloud disk.
Install or update your Overcloud environment with Octavia:
```
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/services-docker/octavia.yaml \
  -e octavia_timeouts.yaml
```
Note
This command only includes the files associated with Octavia; it varies based on your specific installation of RHOSP. See the RHOSP documentation for further information. For more information on customizing your Octavia installation, see installation of Octavia using Director.
Note
When leveraging Kuryr SDN, the Overcloud installation requires the Neutron trunk extension. This is available by default on director deployments. Use the openvswitch firewall instead of the default ovs-hybrid when the Neutron backend is ML2/OVS. There is no need for modifications if the backend is ML2/OVN.

4.3.3.1. The Octavia OVN Driver

Octavia supports multiple provider drivers through the Octavia API.

To see all available Octavia provider drivers, on a command line, enter:

$ openstack loadbalancer provider list

Example output

+---------+-------------------------------------------------+
| name    | description                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+
| amphora | The Octavia Amphora driver.                     |
| octavia | Deprecated alias of the Octavia Amphora driver. |
| ovn     | Octavia OVN driver.                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------+

Beginning with RHOSP version 16, the Octavia OVN provider driver (ovn) is supported on OpenShift Container Platform on RHOSP deployments.

ovn is an integration driver for the load balancing that Octavia and OVN provide. It supports basic load balancing capabilities, and is based on OpenFlow rules. The driver is automatically enabled in Octavia by Director on deployments that use OVN Neutron ML2.

The Amphora provider driver is the default driver. If ovn is enabled, however, Kuryr uses it.

If Kuryr uses ovn instead of Amphora, it offers the following benefits:

Decreased resource requirements. Kuryr does not require a load balancer VM for each service.
Reduced network latency.
Increased service creation speed by using OpenFlow rules instead of a VM for each service.
Distributed load balancing actions across all nodes instead of centralized on Amphora VMs.

You can configure your cluster to use the Octavia OVN driver after your RHOSP cloud is upgraded from version 13 to version 16.

4.3.4. Known limitations of installing with Kuryr

Using OpenShift Container Platform with Kuryr SDN has several known limitations.

RHOSP general limitations

Using OpenShift Container Platform with Kuryr SDN has several limitations that apply to all versions and environments:

Service objects with the NodePort type are not supported.
Clusters that use the OVN Octavia provider driver support Service objects for which the .spec.selector property is unspecified only if the .subsets.addresses property of the Endpoints object includes the subnet of the nodes or pods.
If the subnet on which machines are created is not connected to a router, or if the subnet is connected, but the router has no external gateway set, Kuryr cannot create floating IPs for Service objects with type LoadBalancer.
Configuring the sessionAffinity=ClientIP property on Service objects does not have an effect. Kuryr does not support this setting.

RHOSP version limitations

Using OpenShift Container Platform with Kuryr SDN has several limitations that depend on the RHOSP version.

RHOSP versions before 16 use the default Octavia load balancer driver (Amphora). This driver requires that one Amphora load balancer VM is deployed per OpenShift Container Platform service. Creating too many services can cause you to run out of resources.
Deployments of later versions of RHOSP that have the OVN Octavia driver disabled also use the Amphora driver. They are subject to the same resource concerns as earlier versions of RHOSP.
Kuryr SDN does not support automatic unidling by a service.

RHOSP upgrade limitations

As a result of the RHOSP upgrade process, the Octavia API might be changed, and upgrades to the Amphora images that are used for load balancers might be required.

You can address API changes on an individual basis.

If the Amphora image is upgraded, the RHOSP operator can handle existing load balancer VMs in two ways:

Upgrade each VM by triggering a load balancer failover.
Leave responsibility for upgrading the VMs to users.

If the operator takes the first option, there might be short downtimes during failovers.

If the operator takes the second option, the existing load balancers will not support upgraded Octavia API features, like UDP listeners. In this case, users must recreate their Services to use these features.

4.3.5. Control plane machines

By default, the OpenShift Container Platform installation process creates three control plane machines.

Each machine requires:

An instance from the RHOSP quota
A port from the RHOSP quota
A flavor with at least 16 GB memory and 4 vCPUs
At least 100 GB storage space from the RHOSP quota

4.3.6. Compute machines

By default, the OpenShift Container Platform installation process creates three compute machines.

Each machine requires:

An instance from the RHOSP quota
A port from the RHOSP quota
A flavor with at least 8 GB memory and 2 vCPUs
At least 100 GB storage space from the RHOSP quota

Tip

Compute machines host the applications that you run on OpenShift Container Platform; aim to run as many as you can.

4.3.7. Bootstrap machine

During installation, a bootstrap machine is temporarily provisioned to stand up the control plane. After the production control plane is ready, the bootstrap machine is deprovisioned.

The bootstrap machine requires:

An instance from the RHOSP quota
A port from the RHOSP quota
A flavor with at least 16 GB memory and 4 vCPUs
At least 100 GB storage space from the RHOSP quota

4.3.8. Load balancing requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, you can provision your own API and application ingress load balancing infrastructure to use in place of the default, internal load balancing solution. In production scenarios, you can deploy the API and application Ingress load balancers separately so that you can scale the load balancer infrastructure for each in isolation.

Note

If you want to deploy the API and application Ingress load balancers with a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) instance, you must purchase the RHEL subscription separately.

The load balancing infrastructure must meet the following requirements:

API load balancer: Provides a common endpoint for users, both human and machine, to interact with and configure the platform. Configure the following conditions:

Layer 4 load balancing only. This can be referred to as Raw TCP or SSL Passthrough mode.
A stateless load balancing algorithm. The options vary based on the load balancer implementation.

Important

Do not configure session persistence for an API load balancer. Configuring session persistence for a Kubernetes API server might cause performance issues from excess application traffic for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster and the Kubernetes API that runs inside the cluster.

Configure the following ports on both the front and back of the load balancers:

Table 4.2. API load balancer
Port	Back-end machines (pool members)	Internal	External	Description
`6443`	Bootstrap and control plane. You remove the bootstrap machine from the load balancer after the bootstrap machine initializes the cluster control plane. You must configure the `/readyz` endpoint for the API server health check probe.	X	X	Kubernetes API server
`22623`	Bootstrap and control plane. You remove the bootstrap machine from the load balancer after the bootstrap machine initializes the cluster control plane.	X		Machine config server

Note

The load balancer must be configured to take a maximum of 30 seconds from the time the API server turns off the /readyz endpoint to the removal of the API server instance from the pool. Within the time frame after /readyz returns an error or becomes healthy, the endpoint must have been removed or added. Probing every 5 or 10 seconds, with two successful requests to become healthy and three to become unhealthy, are well-tested values.

Application Ingress load balancer: Provides an ingress point for application traffic flowing in from outside the cluster. A working configuration for the Ingress router is required for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Configure the following conditions:

Layer 4 load balancing only. This can be referred to as Raw TCP or SSL Passthrough mode.
A connection-based or session-based persistence is recommended, based on the options available and types of applications that will be hosted on the platform.

Tip

If the true IP address of the client can be seen by the application Ingress load balancer, enabling source IP-based session persistence can improve performance for applications that use end-to-end TLS encryption.

Configure the following ports on both the front and back of the load balancers:

Table 4.3. Application Ingress load balancer
Port	Back-end machines (pool members)	Internal	External	Description
`443`	The machines that run the Ingress Controller pods, compute, or worker, by default.	X	X	HTTPS traffic
`80`	The machines that run the Ingress Controller pods, compute, or worker, by default.	X	X	HTTP traffic

Note

If you are deploying a three-node cluster with zero compute nodes, the Ingress Controller pods run on the control plane nodes. In three-node cluster deployments, you must configure your application Ingress load balancer to route HTTP and HTTPS traffic to the control plane nodes.

4.3.8.1. Example load balancer configuration for clusters that are deployed with user-managed load balancers

This section provides an example API and application Ingress load balancer configuration that meets the load balancing requirements for clusters that are deployed with user-managed load balancers. The sample is an /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg configuration for an HAProxy load balancer. The example is not meant to provide advice for choosing one load balancing solution over another.

In the example, the same load balancer is used for the Kubernetes API and application ingress traffic. In production scenarios, you can deploy the API and application ingress load balancers separately so that you can scale the load balancer infrastructure for each in isolation.

Note

If you are using HAProxy as a load balancer and SELinux is set to enforcing, you must ensure that the HAProxy service can bind to the configured TCP port by running setsebool -P haproxy_connect_any=1.

Example 4.1. Sample API and application Ingress load balancer configuration

global
  log         127.0.0.1 local2
  pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
  maxconn     4000
  daemon
defaults
  mode                    http
  log                     global
  option                  dontlognull
  option http-server-close
  option                  redispatch
  retries                 3
  timeout http-request    10s
  timeout queue           1m
  timeout connect         10s
  timeout client          1m
  timeout server          1m
  timeout http-keep-alive 10s
  timeout check           10s
  maxconn                 3000
listen api-server-6443 1
  bind *:6443
  mode tcp
  option  httpchk GET /readyz HTTP/1.0
  option  log-health-checks
  balance roundrobin
  server bootstrap bootstrap.ocp4.example.com:6443 verify none check check-ssl inter 10s fall 2 rise 3 backup 2
  server master0 master0.ocp4.example.com:6443 weight 1 verify none check check-ssl inter 10s fall 2 rise 3
  server master1 master1.ocp4.example.com:6443 weight 1 verify none check check-ssl inter 10s fall 2 rise 3
  server master2 master2.ocp4.example.com:6443 weight 1 verify none check check-ssl inter 10s fall 2 rise 3
listen machine-config-server-22623 3
  bind *:22623
  mode tcp
  server bootstrap bootstrap.ocp4.example.com:22623 check inter 1s backup 4
  server master0 master0.ocp4.example.com:22623 check inter 1s
  server master1 master1.ocp4.example.com:22623 check inter 1s
  server master2 master2.ocp4.example.com:22623 check inter 1s
listen ingress-router-443 5
  bind *:443
  mode tcp
  balance source
  server worker0 worker0.ocp4.example.com:443 check inter 1s
  server worker1 worker1.ocp4.example.com:443 check inter 1s
listen ingress-router-80 6
  bind *:80
  mode tcp
  balance source
  server worker0 worker0.ocp4.example.com:80 check inter 1s
  server worker1 worker1.ocp4.example.com:80 check inter 1s

1: Port 6443 handles the Kubernetes API traffic and points to the control plane machines.
2 4: The bootstrap entries must be in place before the OpenShift Container Platform cluster installation and they must be removed after the bootstrap process is complete.
3: Port 22623 handles the machine config server traffic and points to the control plane machines.
5: Port 443 handles the HTTPS traffic and points to the machines that run the Ingress Controller pods. The Ingress Controller pods run on the compute machines by default.
6: Port 80 handles the HTTP traffic and points to the machines that run the Ingress Controller pods. The Ingress Controller pods run on the compute machines by default.
Note
If you are deploying a three-node cluster with zero compute nodes, the Ingress Controller pods run on the control plane nodes. In three-node cluster deployments, you must configure your application Ingress load balancer to route HTTP and HTTPS traffic to the control plane nodes.

Tip

If you are using HAProxy as a load balancer, you can check that the haproxy process is listening on ports 6443, 22623, 443, and 80 by running netstat -nltupe on the HAProxy node.

4.4. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, you require access to the internet to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to:

Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Important

If your cluster cannot have direct internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the required content and use it to populate a mirror registry with the installation packages. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.

4.5. Enabling Swift on RHOSP

Swift is operated by a user account with the swiftoperator role. Add the role to an account before you run the installation program.

Important

If the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) object storage service, commonly known as Swift, is available, OpenShift Container Platform uses it as the image registry storage. If it is unavailable, the installation program relies on the RHOSP block storage service, commonly known as Cinder.

If Swift is present and you want to use it, you must enable access to it. If it is not present, or if you do not want to use it, skip this section.

Important

RHOSP 17 sets the rgw_max_attr_size parameter of Ceph RGW to 256 characters. This setting causes issues with uploading container images to the OpenShift Container Platform registry. You must set the value of rgw_max_attr_size to at least 1024 characters.

Before installation, check if your RHOSP deployment is affected by this problem. If it is, reconfigure Ceph RGW.

Prerequisites

You have a RHOSP administrator account on the target environment.
The Swift service is installed.
On Ceph RGW, the account in url option is enabled.

Procedure

To enable Swift on RHOSP:

As an administrator in the RHOSP CLI, add the swiftoperator role to the account that will access Swift:
```
$ openstack role add --user <user> --project <project> swiftoperator
```

Your RHOSP deployment can now use Swift for the image registry.

4.6. Verifying external network access

The OpenShift Container Platform installation process requires external network access. You must provide an external network value to it, or deployment fails. Before you begin the process, verify that a network with the external router type exists in Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP).

Prerequisites

Configure OpenStack’s networking service to have DHCP agents forward instances' DNS queries

Procedure

Using the RHOSP CLI, verify the name and ID of the 'External' network:

$ openstack network list --long -c ID -c Name -c "Router Type"

Example output

+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Name           | Router Type |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 148a8023-62a7-4672-b018-003462f8d7dc | public_network | External    |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+

A network with an external router type appears in the network list. If at least one does not, see Creating a default floating IP network and Creating a default provider network.

Important

If the external network’s CIDR range overlaps one of the default network ranges, you must change the matching network ranges in the install-config.yaml file before you start the installation process.

The default network ranges are:

Network	Range
`machineNetwork`	10.0.0.0/16
`serviceNetwork`	172.30.0.0/16
`clusterNetwork`	10.128.0.0/14

Warning

If the installation program finds multiple networks with the same name, it sets one of them at random. To avoid this behavior, create unique names for resources in RHOSP.

Note

If the Neutron trunk service plugin is enabled, a trunk port is created by default. For more information, see Neutron trunk port.

4.7. Defining parameters for the installation program

The OpenShift Container Platform installation program relies on a file that is called clouds.yaml. The file describes Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) configuration parameters, including the project name, log in information, and authorization service URLs.

Procedure

Create the clouds.yaml file:
- If your RHOSP distribution includes the Horizon web UI, generate a clouds.yaml file in it.
  Important
  Remember to add a password to the auth field. You can also keep secrets in a separate file from clouds.yaml.
- If your RHOSP distribution does not include the Horizon web UI, or you do not want to use Horizon, create the file yourself. For detailed information about clouds.yaml, see Config files in the RHOSP documentation.
```
clouds:
  shiftstack:
    auth:
      auth_url: http://10.10.14.42:5000/v3
      project_name: shiftstack
      username: <username>
      password: <password>
      user_domain_name: Default
      project_domain_name: Default
  dev-env:
    region_name: RegionOne
    auth:
      username: <username>
      password: <password>
      project_name: 'devonly'
      auth_url: 'https://10.10.14.22:5001/v2.0'
```
If your RHOSP installation uses self-signed certificate authority (CA) certificates for endpoint authentication:
1. Copy the certificate authority file to your machine.
2. Add the cacerts key to the clouds.yaml file. The value must be an absolute, non-root-accessible path to the CA certificate:
```
clouds:
  shiftstack:
    ...
    cacert: "/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.crt.pem"
```
  Tip
  After you run the installer with a custom CA certificate, you can update the certificate by editing the value of the ca-cert.pem key in the cloud-provider-config keymap. On a command line, run:
  $ oc edit configmap -n openshift-config cloud-provider-config
Place the clouds.yaml file in one of the following locations:
1. The value of the OS_CLIENT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable
2. The current directory
3. A Unix-specific user configuration directory, for example ~/.config/openstack/clouds.yaml
4. A Unix-specific site configuration directory, for example /etc/openstack/clouds.yaml
  The installation program searches for clouds.yaml in that order.

4.8. Setting OpenStack Cloud Controller Manager options

Optionally, you can edit the OpenStack Cloud Controller Manager (CCM) configuration for your cluster. This configuration controls how OpenShift Container Platform interacts with Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP).

For a complete list of configuration parameters, see the "OpenStack Cloud Controller Manager reference guide" page in the "Installing on OpenStack" documentation.

Procedure

If you have not already generated manifest files for your cluster, generate them by running the following command:
```
$ openshift-install --dir <destination_directory> create manifests
```
In a text editor, open the cloud-provider configuration manifest file. For example:
```
$ vi openshift/manifests/cloud-provider-config.yaml
```
Modify the options according to the CCM reference guide.
Configuring Octavia for load balancing is a common case for clusters that do not use Kuryr. For example:
```
#...
[LoadBalancer]
lb-provider = "amphora" 1
floating-network-id="d3deb660-4190-40a3-91f1-37326fe6ec4a" 2
create-monitor = True 3
monitor-delay = 10s 4
monitor-timeout = 10s 5
monitor-max-retries = 1 6
#...
```
1
This property sets the Octavia provider that your load balancer uses. It accepts "ovn" or "amphora" as values. If you choose to use OVN, you must also set lb-method to SOURCE_IP_PORT.
2
This property is required if you want to use multiple external networks with your cluster. The cloud provider creates floating IP addresses on the network that is specified here.
3
This property controls whether the cloud provider creates health monitors for Octavia load balancers. Set the value to True to create health monitors. As of RHOSP 16.2, this feature is only available for the Amphora provider.
4
This property sets the frequency with which endpoints are monitored. The value must be in the time.ParseDuration() format. This property is required if the value of the create-monitor property is True.
5
This property sets the time that monitoring requests are open before timing out. The value must be in the time.ParseDuration() format. This property is required if the value of the create-monitor property is True.
6
This property defines how many successful monitoring requests are required before a load balancer is marked as online. The value must be an integer. This property is required if the value of the create-monitor property is True.
Important
Prior to saving your changes, verify that the file is structured correctly. Clusters might fail if properties are not placed in the appropriate section.
Important
You must set the value of the create-monitor property to True if you use services that have the value of the .spec.externalTrafficPolicy property set to Local. The OVN Octavia provider in RHOSP 16.2 does not support health monitors. Therefore, services that have ETP parameter values set to Local might not respond when the lb-provider value is set to "ovn".
Important
For installations that use Kuryr, Kuryr handles relevant services. There is no need to configure Octavia load balancing in the cloud provider.
Save the changes to the file and proceed with installation.
Tip
You can update your cloud provider configuration after you run the installer. On a command line, run:
```
$ oc edit configmap -n openshift-config cloud-provider-config
```
After you save your changes, your cluster will take some time to reconfigure itself. The process is complete if none of your nodes have a SchedulingDisabled status.

4.9. Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with at least 1.2 GB of local disk space.

Procedure

Go to the Cluster Type page on the Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.
Select your infrastructure provider from the Run it yourself section of the page.
Select your host operating system and architecture from the dropdown menus under OpenShift Installer and click Download Installer.
Place the downloaded file in the directory where you want to store the installation configuration files.
Important
- The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both of the files are required to delete the cluster.
- Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Tip

Alternatively, you can retrieve the installation program from the Red Hat Customer Portal, where you can specify a version of the installation program to download. However, you must have an active subscription to access this page.

4.10. Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP).

Prerequisites

You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
  1
  For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
  When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
    Note
    Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:
    $ rm -rf ~/.powervs
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    Note
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select openstack as the platform to target.
  3. Specify the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) external network name to use for installing the cluster.
  4. Specify the floating IP address to use for external access to the OpenShift API.
  5. Specify a RHOSP flavor with at least 16 GB RAM to use for control plane nodes and 8 GB RAM for compute nodes.
  6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. All DNS records will be sub-domains of this base and will also include the cluster name.
  7. Enter a name for your cluster. The name must be 14 or fewer characters long.
Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.
Important
The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Additional resources

Installation configuration parameters for OpenStack

4.10.1. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Note

Kuryr installations default to HTTP proxies.

Prerequisites

For Kuryr installations on restricted networks that use the Proxy object, the proxy must be able to reply to the router that the cluster uses. To add a static route for the proxy configuration, from a command line as the root user, enter:
```
$ ip route add <cluster_network_cidr> via <installer_subnet_gateway>
```
The restricted subnet must have a gateway that is defined and available to be linked to the Router resource that Kuryr creates.
You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
Note
The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.
For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2
  noProxy: example.com 3
additionalTrustBundle: | 4
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5
```
1
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
2
A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
3
A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
4
If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.
5
Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.
Note
The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note
If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

4.10.2. Custom subnets in RHOSP deployments

Optionally, you can deploy a cluster on a Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) subnet of your choice. The subnet’s GUID is passed as the value of platform.openstack.machinesSubnet in the install-config.yaml file.

This subnet is used as the cluster’s primary subnet. By default, nodes and ports are created on it. You can create nodes and ports on a different RHOSP subnet by setting the value of the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet property to the subnet’s UUID.

Before you run the OpenShift Container Platform installer with a custom subnet, verify that your configuration meets the following requirements:

The subnet that is used by platform.openstack.machinesSubnet has DHCP enabled.
The CIDR of platform.openstack.machinesSubnet matches the CIDR of networking.machineNetwork.
The installation program user has permission to create ports on this network, including ports with fixed IP addresses.

Clusters that use custom subnets have the following limitations:

If you plan to install a cluster that uses floating IP addresses, the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet subnet must be attached to a router that is connected to the externalNetwork network.
If the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet value is set in the install-config.yaml file, the installation program does not create a private network or subnet for your RHOSP machines.
You cannot use the platform.openstack.externalDNS property at the same time as a custom subnet. To add DNS to a cluster that uses a custom subnet, configure DNS on the RHOSP network.

Note

By default, the API VIP takes x.x.x.5 and the Ingress VIP takes x.x.x.7 from your network’s CIDR block. To override these default values, set values for platform.openstack.apiVIPs and platform.openstack.ingressVIPs that are outside of the DHCP allocation pool.

Important

The CIDR ranges for networks are not adjustable after cluster installation. Red Hat does not provide direct guidance on determining the range during cluster installation because it requires careful consideration of the number of created pods per namespace.

4.10.3. Sample customized `install-config.yaml` file for RHOSP with Kuryr

To deploy with Kuryr SDN instead of the default OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, you must modify the install-config.yaml file to include Kuryr as the desired networking.networkType. This sample install-config.yaml demonstrates all of the possible Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) customization options.

Important

This sample file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
controlPlane:
  name: master
  platform: {}
  replicas: 3
compute:
- name: worker
  platform:
    openstack:
      type: ml.large
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: example
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16 1
  networkType: Kuryr 2
platform:
  openstack:
    cloud: mycloud
    externalNetwork: external
    computeFlavor: m1.xlarge
    apiFloatingIP: 128.0.0.1
    trunkSupport: true 3
    octaviaSupport: true 4
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...

1: The Amphora Octavia driver creates two ports per load balancer. As a result, the service subnet that the installer creates is twice the size of the CIDR that is specified as the value of the serviceNetwork property. The larger range is required to prevent IP address conflicts.
2: The cluster network plugin to install. The supported values are Kuryr, OVNKubernetes, and OpenShiftSDN. The default value is OVNKubernetes.
3 4: Both trunkSupport and octaviaSupport are automatically discovered by the installer, so there is no need to set them. But if your environment does not meet both requirements, Kuryr SDN will not properly work. Trunks are needed to connect the pods to the RHOSP network and Octavia is required to create the OpenShift Container Platform services.

4.10.4. Installation configuration for a cluster on OpenStack with a user-managed load balancer

The following example install-config.yaml file demonstrates how to configure a cluster that uses an external, user-managed load balancer rather than the default internal load balancer.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: mydomain.test
compute:
- name: worker
  platform:
    openstack:
      type: m1.xlarge
  replicas: 3
controlPlane:
  name: master
  platform:
    openstack:
      type: m1.xlarge
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: mycluster
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 192.168.10.0/24
platform:
  openstack:
    cloud: mycloud
    machinesSubnet: 8586bf1a-cc3c-4d40-bdf6-c243decc603a 1
    apiVIPs:
    - 192.168.10.5
    ingressVIPs:
    - 192.168.10.7
    loadBalancer:
      type: UserManaged 2

1: Regardless of which load balancer you use, the load balancer is deployed to this subnet.
2: The UserManaged value indicates that you are using an user-managed load balancer.

4.10.5. Cluster deployment on RHOSP provider networks

You can deploy your OpenShift Container Platform clusters on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) with a primary network interface on a provider network. Provider networks are commonly used to give projects direct access to a public network that can be used to reach the internet. You can also share provider networks among projects as part of the network creation process.

RHOSP provider networks map directly to an existing physical network in the data center. A RHOSP administrator must create them.

In the following example, OpenShift Container Platform workloads are connected to a data center by using a provider network:

A diagram that depicts four OpenShift workloads on OpenStack. Each workload is connected by its NIC to an external data center by using a provider network.

OpenShift Container Platform clusters that are installed on provider networks do not require tenant networks or floating IP addresses. The installer does not create these resources during installation.

Example provider network types include flat (untagged) and VLAN (802.1Q tagged).

Note

A cluster can support as many provider network connections as the network type allows. For example, VLAN networks typically support up to 4096 connections.

You can learn more about provider and tenant networks in the RHOSP documentation.

4.10.5.1. RHOSP provider network requirements for cluster installation

Before you install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, your Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) deployment and provider network must meet a number of conditions:

The RHOSP networking service (Neutron) is enabled and accessible through the RHOSP networking API.
The RHOSP networking service has the port security and allowed address pairs extensions enabled.
The provider network can be shared with other tenants.
Tip
Use the openstack network create command with the --share flag to create a network that can be shared.
The RHOSP project that you use to install the cluster must own the provider network, as well as an appropriate subnet.
Tip
To create a network for a project that is named "openshift," enter the following command
```
$ openstack network create --project openshift
```
To create a subnet for a project that is named "openshift," enter the following command
```
$ openstack subnet create --project openshift
```
To learn more about creating networks on RHOSP, read the provider networks documentation.
If the cluster is owned by the admin user, you must run the installer as that user to create ports on the network.
Important
Provider networks must be owned by the RHOSP project that is used to create the cluster. If they are not, the RHOSP Compute service (Nova) cannot request a port from that network.
Verify that the provider network can reach the RHOSP metadata service IP address, which is 169.254.169.254 by default.
Depending on your RHOSP SDN and networking service configuration, you might need to provide the route when you create the subnet. For example:
```
$ openstack subnet create --dhcp --host-route destination=169.254.169.254/32,gateway=192.0.2.2 ...
```
Optional: To secure the network, create role-based access control (RBAC) rules that limit network access to a single project.

4.10.5.2. Deploying a cluster that has a primary interface on a provider network

You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that has its primary network interface on an Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) provider network.

Prerequisites

Your Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) deployment is configured as described by "RHOSP provider network requirements for cluster installation".

Procedure

In a text editor, open the install-config.yaml file.
Set the value of the platform.openstack.apiVIPs property to the IP address for the API VIP.
Set the value of the platform.openstack.ingressVIPs property to the IP address for the Ingress VIP.
Set the value of the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet property to the UUID of the provider network subnet.
Set the value of the networking.machineNetwork.cidr property to the CIDR block of the provider network subnet.

Important

The platform.openstack.apiVIPs and platform.openstack.ingressVIPs properties must both be unassigned IP addresses from the networking.machineNetwork.cidr block.

Section of an installation configuration file for a cluster that relies on a RHOSP provider network

        ...
        platform:
          openstack:
            apiVIPs: 1
              - 192.0.2.13
            ingressVIPs: 2
              - 192.0.2.23
            machinesSubnet: fa806b2f-ac49-4bce-b9db-124bc64209bf
            # ...
        networking:
          machineNetwork:
          - cidr: 192.0.2.0/24

1 2: In OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 and later, the apiVIP and ingressVIP configuration settings are deprecated. Instead, use a list format to enter values in the apiVIPs and ingressVIPs configuration settings.

Warning

You cannot set the platform.openstack.externalNetwork or platform.openstack.externalDNS parameters while using a provider network for the primary network interface.

When you deploy the cluster, the installer uses the install-config.yaml file to deploy the cluster on the provider network.

Tip

You can add additional networks, including provider networks, to the platform.openstack.additionalNetworkIDs list.

After you deploy your cluster, you can attach pods to additional networks. For more information, see Understanding multiple networks.

4.10.6. Kuryr ports pools

A Kuryr ports pool maintains a number of ports on standby for pod creation.

Keeping ports on standby minimizes pod creation time. Without ports pools, Kuryr must explicitly request port creation or deletion whenever a pod is created or deleted.

The Neutron ports that Kuryr uses are created in subnets that are tied to namespaces. These pod ports are also added as subports to the primary port of OpenShift Container Platform cluster nodes.

Because Kuryr keeps each namespace in a separate subnet, a separate ports pool is maintained for each namespace-worker pair.

Prior to installing a cluster, you can set the following parameters in the cluster-network-03-config.yml manifest file to configure ports pool behavior:

The enablePortPoolsPrepopulation parameter controls pool prepopulation, which forces Kuryr to add Neutron ports to the pools when the first pod that is configured to use the dedicated network for pods is created in a namespace. The default value is false.
The poolMinPorts parameter is the minimum number of free ports that are kept in the pool. The default value is 1.
The poolMaxPorts parameter is the maximum number of free ports that are kept in the pool. A value of 0 disables that upper bound. This is the default setting.
If your OpenStack port quota is low, or you have a limited number of IP addresses on the pod network, consider setting this option to ensure that unneeded ports are deleted.
The poolBatchPorts parameter defines the maximum number of Neutron ports that can be created at once. The default value is 3.

4.10.7. Adjusting Kuryr ports pools during installation

During installation, you can configure how Kuryr manages Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) Neutron ports to control the speed and efficiency of pod creation.

Prerequisites

Create and modify the install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

From a command line, create the manifest files:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.
Create a file that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:
```
$ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.
After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the manifests/ directory, as shown:
```
$ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-*
```
Example output
```
cluster-network-01-crd.yml
cluster-network-02-config.yml
cluster-network-03-config.yml
```
Open the cluster-network-03-config.yml file in an editor, and enter a custom resource (CR) that describes the Cluster Network Operator configuration that you want:
```
$ oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster
```
Edit the settings to meet your requirements. The following file is provided as an example:
```
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
  defaultNetwork:
    type: Kuryr
    kuryrConfig:
      enablePortPoolsPrepopulation: false 1
      poolMinPorts: 1 2
      poolBatchPorts: 3 3
      poolMaxPorts: 5 4
      openstackServiceNetwork: 172.30.0.0/15 5
```
1
Set enablePortPoolsPrepopulation to true to make Kuryr create new Neutron ports when the first pod on the network for pods is created in a namespace. This setting raises the Neutron ports quota but can reduce the time that is required to spawn pods. The default value is false.
2
Kuryr creates new ports for a pool if the number of free ports in that pool is lower than the value of poolMinPorts. The default value is 1.
3
poolBatchPorts controls the number of new ports that are created if the number of free ports is lower than the value of poolMinPorts. The default value is 3.
4
If the number of free ports in a pool is higher than the value of poolMaxPorts, Kuryr deletes them until the number matches that value. Setting this value to 0 disables this upper bound, preventing pools from shrinking. The default value is 0.
5
The openStackServiceNetwork parameter defines the CIDR range of the network from which IP addresses are allocated to RHOSP Octavia’s LoadBalancers.
If this parameter is used with the Amphora driver, Octavia takes two IP addresses from this network for each load balancer: one for OpenShift and the other for VRRP connections. Because these IP addresses are managed by OpenShift Container Platform and Neutron respectively, they must come from different pools. Therefore, the value of openStackServiceNetwork must be at least twice the size of the value of serviceNetwork, and the value of serviceNetwork must overlap entirely with the range that is defined by openStackServiceNetwork.
The CNO verifies that VRRP IP addresses that are taken from the range that is defined by this parameter do not overlap with the range that is defined by the serviceNetwork parameter.
If this parameter is not set, the CNO uses an expanded value of serviceNetwork that is determined by decrementing the prefix size by 1.
Save the cluster-network-03-config.yml file, and exit the text editor.
Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program deletes the manifests/ directory while creating the cluster.

4.11. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Important

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.
Note
If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.
Note
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
  Note
  If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
```
1
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

4.12. Enabling access to the environment

At deployment, all OpenShift Container Platform machines are created in a Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP)-tenant network. Therefore, they are not accessible directly in most RHOSP deployments.

You can configure OpenShift Container Platform API and application access by using floating IP addresses (FIPs) during installation. You can also complete an installation without configuring FIPs, but the installer will not configure a way to reach the API or applications externally.

4.12.1. Enabling access with floating IP addresses

Create floating IP (FIP) addresses for external access to the OpenShift Container Platform API and cluster applications.

Procedure

Using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) CLI, create the API FIP:

$ openstack floating ip create --description "API <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>

Using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) CLI, create the apps, or Ingress, FIP:

$ openstack floating ip create --description "Ingress <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>

Add records that follow these patterns to your DNS server for the API and Ingress FIPs:
```
api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>.  IN  A  <API_FIP>
*.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN  A <apps_FIP>
```
Note
If you do not control the DNS server, you can access the cluster by adding the cluster domain names such as the following to your /etc/hosts file:
- <api_floating_ip> api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
- <application_floating_ip> grafana-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
- <application_floating_ip> prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
- <application_floating_ip> oauth-openshift.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
- <application_floating_ip> console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
- application_floating_ip integrated-oauth-server-openshift-authentication.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
The cluster domain names in the /etc/hosts file grant access to the web console and the monitoring interface of your cluster locally. You can also use the kubectl or oc. You can access the user applications by using the additional entries pointing to the <application_floating_ip>. This action makes the API and applications accessible to only you, which is not suitable for production deployment, but does allow installation for development and testing.
Add the FIPs to the install-config.yaml file as the values of the following parameters:
- platform.openstack.ingressFloatingIP
- platform.openstack.apiFloatingIP

If you use these values, you must also enter an external network as the value of the platform.openstack.externalNetwork parameter in the install-config.yaml file.

Tip

You can make OpenShift Container Platform resources available outside of the cluster by assigning a floating IP address and updating your firewall configuration.

4.12.2. Completing installation without floating IP addresses

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) without providing floating IP addresses.

In the install-config.yaml file, do not define the following parameters:

platform.openstack.ingressFloatingIP
platform.openstack.apiFloatingIP

If you cannot provide an external network, you can also leave platform.openstack.externalNetwork blank. If you do not provide a value for platform.openstack.externalNetwork, a router is not created for you, and, without additional action, the installer will fail to retrieve an image from Glance. You must configure external connectivity on your own.

If you run the installer from a system that cannot reach the cluster API due to a lack of floating IP addresses or name resolution, installation fails. To prevent installation failure in these cases, you can use a proxy network or run the installer from a system that is on the same network as your machines.

Note

You can enable name resolution by creating DNS records for the API and Ingress ports. For example:

api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>.  IN  A  <api_port_IP>
*.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN  A <ingress_port_IP>

If you do not control the DNS server, you can add the record to your /etc/hosts file. This action makes the API accessible to only you, which is not suitable for production deployment but does allow installation for development and testing.

4.13. Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
You have verified that the cloud provider account on your host has the correct permissions to deploy the cluster. An account with incorrect permissions causes the installation process to fail with an error message that displays the missing permissions.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
```
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
    --log-level=info 2
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
2
To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.
Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output

...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

4.14. Verifying cluster status

You can verify your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s status during or after installation.

Procedure

In the cluster environment, export the administrator’s kubeconfig file:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server.
View the control plane and compute machines created after a deployment:
```
$ oc get nodes
```
View your cluster’s version:
```
$ oc get clusterversion
```
View your Operators' status:
```
$ oc get clusteroperator
```
View all running pods in the cluster:
```
$ oc get pods -A
```

4.15. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
```
1
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Additional resources

See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

4.16. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.14, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.

Additional resources

See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

4.17. Next steps

Customize your cluster.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
If you need to enable external access to node ports, configure ingress cluster traffic by using a node port.
If you did not configure RHOSP to accept application traffic over floating IP addresses, configure RHOSP access with floating IP addresses.

이 콘텐츠는 선택한 언어로 제공되지 않습니다.

Chapter 4. Installing a cluster on OpenStack with Kuryr

4.1. Prerequisites

4.2. About Kuryr SDN

4.3. Resource guidelines for installing OpenShift Container Platform on RHOSP with Kuryr

4.3.1. Increasing quota

4.3.2. Configuring Neutron

4.3.3. Configuring Octavia

4.3.3.1. The Octavia OVN Driver

4.3.4. Known limitations of installing with Kuryr

RHOSP general limitations

RHOSP version limitations

RHOSP upgrade limitations

4.3.5. Control plane machines

4.3.6. Compute machines

4.3.7. Bootstrap machine

4.3.8. Load balancing requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

4.3.8.1. Example load balancer configuration for clusters that are deployed with user-managed load balancers

4.4. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform

4.5. Enabling Swift on RHOSP

4.6. Verifying external network access

4.7. Defining parameters for the installation program

4.8. Setting OpenStack Cloud Controller Manager options

4.9. Obtaining the installation program

4.10. Creating the installation configuration file

4.10.1. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

4.10.2. Custom subnets in RHOSP deployments

4.10.3. Sample customized install-config.yaml file for RHOSP with Kuryr

4.10.4. Installation configuration for a cluster on OpenStack with a user-managed load balancer

4.10.5. Cluster deployment on RHOSP provider networks

4.10.5.1. RHOSP provider network requirements for cluster installation

4.10.5.2. Deploying a cluster that has a primary interface on a provider network

4.10.6. Kuryr ports pools

4.10.7. Adjusting Kuryr ports pools during installation

4.11. Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

4.12. Enabling access to the environment

4.12.1. Enabling access with floating IP addresses

4.12.2. Completing installation without floating IP addresses

4.13. Deploying the cluster

4.14. Verifying cluster status

4.15. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

4.16. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform

4.17. Next steps

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4.10.3. Sample customized `install-config.yaml` file for RHOSP with Kuryr