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7.5.2. Runlevel 5
When the system boots into runlevel 5, a special X client application, called a display manager, is launched. A user must authenticate using the display manager before any desktop environment or window managers are launched.
Depending on the desktop environments installed on the system, three different display managers are available to handle user authentication.
GNOME
— The default display manager for Red Hat Enterprise Linux,GNOME
allows the user to configure language settings, shutdown, restart or log in to the system.KDE
— KDE's display manager which allows the user to shutdown, restart or log in to the system.xdm
— A very basic display manager which only lets the user log in to the system.
When booting into runlevel 5, the
prefdm
script determines the preferred display manager by referencing the /etc/sysconfig/desktop
file. A list of options for this file is available within the
/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<version-number>/ sysconfig.txt
file (where <version-number> is the version number of the
initscripts
package).
Each of the display managers reference the
/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0
file to set up the login screen. Once the user logs into the system, the /etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole
script runs to assign ownership of the console to the user. Then, the /etc/X11/xdm/Xsession
script runs to accomplish many of the tasks normally performed by the xinitrc
script when starting X from runlevel 3, including setting system and user resources, as well as running the scripts in the /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/
directory.
Users can specify which desktop environment they want to utilize when they authenticate using the
GNOME
or KDE
display managers by selecting it from the menu item (accessed by selecting [on the Panel] => => => ). If the desktop environment is not specified in the display manager, the /etc/X11/xdm/Xsession
script checks the .xsession
and .Xclients
files in the user's home directory to decide which desktop environment to load. As a last resort, the /etc/X11/xinit/Xclients
file is used to select a desktop environment or window manager to use in the same way as runlevel 3.
When the user finishes an X session on the default display (
:0
) and logs out, the /etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole
script runs and reassigns ownership of the console to the root user. The original display manager, which continued running after the user logged in, takes control by spawning a new display manager. This restarts the X server, displays a new login window, and starts the entire process over again.
The user is returned to the display manager after logging out of X from runlevel 5.
For more information on how display managers control user authentication, refer to the /usr/share/doc/gdm-<version-number>/README (where <version-number> is the version number for the
gdm
package installed) and the xdm
man page.