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3.4.6. Displaying Comprehensive User Information
When administering users and groups on your system, you need a good tool to monitor their configuration and activity on the system. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 provides you with the lslogins command-line utility, which gives you a comprehensive overview of users and groups, not only regarding user or group account configuration but also their activity on the system.
The general syntax of lslogins is the following:
lslogins [OPTIONS]
where OPTIONS can be one or more available options and their related parameters. See the
lslogins(1) manual page or the output of the lslogins --help command for the complete list of available options and their usage.
The lslogins utility gives versatile information in a variety of formats based on the chosen options. The following examples introduce the most basic as well as some of the most useful combinations.
Running the
lslogins command without any options shows default information about all system and user accounts on the system. Specifically, their UID, user name, and GECOS information, as well as information about the user's last login to the system, and whether their password is locked or login by password disabled.
Example 3.13. Displaying basic information about all accounts on the system
~]# lslogins
UID USER PWD-LOCK PWD-DENY LAST-LOGIN GECOS
0 root 0 0 root
1 bin 0 1 bin
2 daemon 0 1 daemon
3 adm 0 1 adm
4 lp 0 1 lp
5 sync 0 1 sync
6 shutdown 0 1 Jul21/16:20 shutdown
7 halt 0 1 halt
8 mail 0 1 mail
10 uucp 0 1 uucp
11 operator 0 1 operator
12 games 0 1 games
13 gopher 0 1 gopher
14 ftp 0 1 FTP User
29 rpcuser 0 1 RPC Service User
32 rpc 0 1 Rpcbind Daemon
38 ntp 0 1
42 gdm 0 1
48 apache 0 1 Apache
68 haldaemon 0 1 HAL daemon
69 vcsa 0 1 virtual console memory owner
72 tcpdump 0 1
74 sshd 0 1 Privilege-separated SSH
81 dbus 0 1 System message bus
89 postfix 0 1
99 nobody 0 1 Nobody
113 usbmuxd 0 1 usbmuxd user
170 avahi-autoipd 0 1 Avahi IPv4LL Stack
173 abrt 0 1
497 pulse 0 1 PulseAudio System Daemon
498 saslauth 0 1 Saslauthd user
499 rtkit 0 1 RealtimeKit
500 jsmith 0 0 10:56:12 John Smith
501 jdoe 0 0 12:13:53 John Doe
502 esmith 0 0 12:59:05 Emily Smith
503 jeyre 0 0 12:22:14 Jane Eyre
65534 nfsnobody 0 1 Anonymous NFS User
To display detailed information about a single user, run the
lslogins LOGIN command, where LOGIN is either a UID or a user name. The following example displays detailed information about John Doe's account and his activity on the system:
Example 3.14. Displaying detailed information about a single account
~]# lslogins jdoe
Username: jdoe
UID: 501
Gecos field: John Doe
Home directory: /home/jdoe
Shell: /bin/bash
No login: no
Password is locked: no
Password no required: no
Login by password disabled: no
Primary group: jdoe
GID: 501
Supplementary groups: users
Supplementary group IDs: 100
Last login: 12:13:53
Last terminal: pts/3
Last hostname: 192.168.100.1
Hushed: no
Password expiration warn interval: 7
Password changed: Aug01/02:00
Maximal change time: 99999
Password expiration: Sep01/02:00
Selinux context: unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
If you use the
--logins=LOGIN option, you can display information about a group of accounts that are specified as a list of UIDs or user names. Specifying the --output=COLUMNS option, where COLUMNS is a list of available output parameters, you can customize the output of the lslogins command. For example, the following command shows login activity of the users root, jsmith, jdoe, and esmith:
Example 3.15. Displaying specific information about a group of users
~]#lslogins --logins=0,500,jdoe,esmith \> --output=UID,USER,LAST-LOGIN,LAST-TTY,FAILED-LOGIN,FAILED-TTYUID USER LAST-LOGIN LAST-TTY FAILED-LOGIN FAILED-TTY 0 root 500 jsmith 10:56:12 pts/2 501 jdoe 12:13:53 pts/3 502 esmith 15:46:16 pts/3 15:46:09 ssh:notty
The lslogins utility also distinguishes between system and user accounts. To address system accounts in your query, use the
--system-accs option. To address user accounts, use the --user-accs. For example, the following command displays information about supplementary groups and password expirations for all user accounts:
Example 3.16. Displaying information about supplementary groups and password expiration for all user accounts
~]# lslogins --user-accs --supp-groups --acc-expiration
UID USER GID GROUP SUPP-GIDS SUPP-GROUPS PWD-WARN PWD-MIN PWD-MAX PWD-CHANGE
PWD-EXPIR
0 root 0 root 7 99999 Jul21/02:00
500 jsmith 500 jsmith 1000,100 staff,users 7 99999 Jul21/02:00
501 jdoe 501 jdoe 100 users 7 99999 Aug01/02:00
Sep01/02:00
502 esmith 502 esmith 100 users 7 99999 Aug01/02:00
503 jeyre 503 jeyre 1000,100 staff,users 7 99999 Jul28/02:00
Sep01/02:00
65534 nfsnobody 65534 nfsnobody Jul21/02:00
The ability to format the output of
lslogins commands according to the user's needs makes lslogins an ideal tool to use in scripts and for automatic processing. For example, the following command returns a single string that represents the time and date of the last login. This string can be passed as input to another utility for further processing.
Example 3.17. Displaying a single piece of information without the heading
~]# lslogins --logins=jsmith --output=LAST-LOGIN --time-format=iso | tail -1
2014-08-06T10:56:12+0200