Chapter 2. Understanding API compatibility guidelines

Important

This guidance does not cover layered OpenShift Container Platform offerings.

2.1. API compatibility guidelines

Red Hat recommends that application developers adopt the following principles in order to improve compatibility with OpenShift Container Platform:

Use APIs and components with support tiers that match the application’s need.
Build applications using the published client libraries where possible.
Applications are only guaranteed to run correctly if they execute in an environment that is as new as the environment it was built to execute against. An application that was built for OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 is not guaranteed to function properly on OpenShift Container Platform 4.13.
Do not design applications that rely on configuration files provided by system packages or other components. These files can change between versions unless the upstream community is explicitly committed to preserving them. Where appropriate, depend on any Red Hat provided interface abstraction over those configuration files in order to maintain forward compatibility. Direct file system modification of configuration files is discouraged, and users are strongly encouraged to integrate with an Operator provided API where available to avoid dual-writer conflicts.
Do not depend on API fields prefixed with unsupported<FieldName> or annotations that are not explicitly mentioned in product documentation.
Do not depend on components with shorter compatibility guarantees than your application.
Do not perform direct storage operations on the etcd server. All etcd access must be performed via the api-server or through documented backup and restore procedures.

Red Hat recommends that application developers follow the compatibility guidelines defined by Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). OpenShift Container Platform strongly recommends the following guidelines when building an application or hosting an application on the platform:

Do not depend on a specific Linux kernel or OpenShift Container Platform version.
Avoid reading from proc, sys, and debug file systems, or any other pseudo file system.
Avoid using ioctls to directly interact with hardware.
Avoid direct interaction with cgroups in order to not conflict with OpenShift Container Platform host-agents that provide the container execution environment.

Note

During the lifecycle of a release, Red Hat makes commercially reasonable efforts to maintain API and application operating environment (AOE) compatibility across all minor releases and z-stream releases. If necessary, Red Hat might make exceptions to this compatibility goal for critical impact security or other significant issues.

2.2. API compatibility exceptions

The following are exceptions to compatibility in OpenShift Container Platform:

RHEL CoreOS file system modifications not made with a supported Operator

No assurances are made at this time that a modification made to the host operating file system is preserved across minor releases except for where that modification is made through the public interface exposed via a supported Operator, such as the Machine Config Operator or Node Tuning Operator.

Modifications to cluster infrastructure in cloud or virtualized environments

No assurances are made at this time that a modification to the cloud hosting environment that supports the cluster is preserved except for where that modification is made through a public interface exposed in the product or is documented as a supported configuration. Cluster infrastructure providers are responsible for preserving their cloud or virtualized infrastructure except for where they delegate that authority to the product through an API.

Functional defaults between an upgraded cluster and a new installation

No assurances are made at this time that a new installation of a product minor release will have the same functional defaults as a version of the product that was installed with a prior minor release and upgraded to the equivalent version. For example, future versions of the product may provision cloud infrastructure with different defaults than prior minor versions. In addition, different default security choices may be made in future versions of the product than those made in past versions of the product. Past versions of the product will forward upgrade, but preserve legacy choices where appropriate specifically to maintain backwards compatibility.

Usage of API fields that have the prefix "unsupported” or undocumented annotations

Select APIs in the product expose fields with the prefix unsupported<FieldName>. No assurances are made at this time that usage of this field is supported across releases or within a release. Product support can request a customer to specify a value in this field when debugging specific problems, but its usage is not supported outside of that interaction. Usage of annotations on objects that are not explicitly documented are not assured support across minor releases.

API availability per product installation topology

The OpenShift distribution will continue to evolve its supported installation topology, and not all APIs in one install topology will necessarily be included in another. For example, certain topologies may restrict read/write access to particular APIs if they are in conflict with the product installation topology or not include a particular API at all if not pertinent to that topology. APIs that exist in a given topology will be supported in accordance with the compatibility tiers defined above.

2.3. API compatibility common terminology

2.3.1. Application Programming Interface (API)

An API is a public interface implemented by a software program that enables it to interact with other software. In OpenShift Container Platform, the API is served from a centralized API server and is used as the hub for all system interaction.

2.3.2. Application Operating Environment (AOE)

An AOE is the integrated environment that executes the end-user application program. The AOE is a containerized environment that provides isolation from the host operating system (OS). At a minimum, AOE allows the application to run in an isolated manner from the host OS libraries and binaries, but still share the same OS kernel as all other containers on the host. The AOE is enforced at runtime and it describes the interface between an application and its operating environment. It includes intersection points between the platform, operating system and environment, with the user application including projection of downward API, DNS, resource accounting, device access, platform workload identity, isolation among containers, isolation between containers and host OS.

The AOE does not include components that might vary by installation, such as Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin selection or extensions to the product such as admission hooks. Components that integrate with the cluster at a level below the container environment might be subjected to additional variation between versions.

2.3.3. Compatibility in a virtualized environment

Virtual environments emulate bare-metal environments such that unprivileged applications that run on bare-metal environments will run, unmodified, in corresponding virtual environments. Virtual environments present simplified abstracted views of physical resources, so some differences might exist.

2.3.4. Compatibility in a cloud environment

OpenShift Container Platform might choose to offer integration points with a hosting cloud environment via cloud provider specific integrations. The compatibility of these integration points are specific to the guarantee provided by the native cloud vendor and its intersection with the OpenShift Container Platform compatibility window. Where OpenShift Container Platform provides an integration with a cloud environment natively as part of the default installation, Red Hat develops against stable cloud API endpoints to provide commercially reasonable support with forward looking compatibility that includes stable deprecation policies. Example areas of integration between the cloud provider and OpenShift Container Platform include, but are not limited to, dynamic volume provisioning, service load balancer integration, pod workload identity, dynamic management of compute, and infrastructure provisioned as part of initial installation.

2.3.5. Major, minor, and z-stream releases

A Red Hat major release represents a significant step in the development of a product. Minor releases appear more frequently within the scope of a major release and represent deprecation boundaries that might impact future application compatibility. A z-stream release is an update to a minor release which provides a stream of continuous fixes to an associated minor release. API and AOE compatibility is never broken in a z-stream release except when this policy is explicitly overridden in order to respond to an unforeseen security impact.

For example, in the release 4.13.2:

4 is the major release version
13 is the minor release version
2 is the z-stream release version

2.3.6. Extended user support (EUS)

A minor release in an OpenShift Container Platform major release that has an extended support window for critical bug fixes. Users are able to migrate between EUS releases by incrementally adopting minor versions between EUS releases. It is important to note that the deprecation policy is defined across minor releases and not EUS releases. As a result, an EUS user might have to respond to a deprecation when migrating to a future EUS while sequentially upgrading through each minor release.

2.3.7. Developer Preview

An optional product capability that is not officially supported by Red Hat, but is intended to provide a mechanism to explore early phase technology. By default, Developer Preview functionality is opt-in, and subject to removal at any time. Enabling a Developer Preview feature might render a cluster unsupportable dependent upon the scope of the feature.

2.3.8. Technology Preview

An optional product capability that provides early access to upcoming product innovations to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. The feature is not fully supported, might not be functionally complete, and is not intended for production use. Usage of a Technology Preview function requires explicit opt-in. Learn more about the Technology Preview Features Support Scope.