Chapter 9. Installing a cluster on IBM Cloud in a restricted network

Procedure

1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   Note

   If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. View the public SSH key:

   $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

   For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:

   $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

   Note

   On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

   1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874

      Note

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

Procedure

1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

   $ ./openshift-install coreos print-stream-json

2. Use the output of the command to find the location of the IBM Cloud® image.

   .Example output
   ----
     "release": "415.92.202311241643-0",
     "formats": {
       "qcow2.gz": {
         "disk": {
           "location": "https://rhcos.mirror.openshift.com/art/storage/prod/streams/4.15-9.2/builds/415.92.202311241643-0/x86_64/rhcos-415.92.202311241643-0-ibmcloud.x86_64.qcow2.gz",
           "sha256": "6b562dee8431bec3b93adeac1cfefcd5e812d41e3b7d78d3e28319870ffc9eae",
           "uncompressed-sha256": "5a0f9479505e525a30367b6a6a6547c86a8f03136f453c1da035f3aa5daa8bc9"
   ----

3. Download and extract the image archive. Make the image available on the host that the installation program uses to create the cluster.

Procedure

1. Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:

   $ mkdir <installation_directory>

   Important

   You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

2. Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.

   Note

   You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.

   When customizing the sample template, be sure to provide the information that is required for an installation in a restricted network:

   1. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry:

      pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'

      For <mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.

   2. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value.

      additionalTrustBundle: |
        -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
        ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
        -----END CERTIFICATE-----

      The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.

   3. Define the network and subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in under the parent platform.ibmcloud field:

      vpcName: <existing_vpc>
      controlPlaneSubnets: <control_plane_subnet>
      computeSubnets: <compute_subnet>

      For platform.ibmcloud.vpcName, specify the name for the existing IBM Cloud VPC. For platform.ibmcloud.controlPlaneSubnets and platform.ibmcloud.computeSubnets, specify the existing subnets to deploy the control plane machines and compute machines, respectively.

   4. Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:

      imageContentSources:
      - mirrors:
        - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
        source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
      - mirrors:
        - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
        source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release

      For these values, use the imageContentSourcePolicy.yaml file that was created when you mirrored the registry.

   5. If network restrictions limit the use of public endpoints to access the required IBM Cloud® services, add the serviceEndpoints stanza to platform.ibmcloud to specify an alternate service endpoint.

      Note

      You can specify only one alternate service endpoint for each service.

      Example of using alternate services endpoints

      # ...
      serviceEndpoints:
        - name: IAM
          url: <iam_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: VPC
          url: <vpc_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: ResourceController
          url: <resource_controller_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: ResourceManager
          url: <resource_manager_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: DNSServices
          url: <dns_services_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: COS
          url: <cos_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: GlobalSearch
          url: <global_search_alternate_endpoint_url>
        - name: GlobalTagging
          url: <global_tagging_alternate_endpoint_url>
      # ...

   6. Optional: Set the publishing strategy to Internal:

      publish: Internal

      By setting this option, you create an internal Ingress Controller and a private load balancer.

      Note

      If you use the default value of External, your network must be able to access the public endpoint for IBM Cloud® Internet Services (CIS). CIS is not enabled for Virtual Private Endpoints.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   Important

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
3. Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
4. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.16 Linux Client entry and save the file.

5. Unpack the archive:

   $ tar xvf <file>

6. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, execute the following command:

   $ echo $PATH

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.16 Windows Client entry and save the file.
4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:

   C:\> path

Procedure

1. Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
2. Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.

3. Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.16 macOS Client entry and save the file.

   Note

   For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.16 macOS arm64 Client entry.

4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

   To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:

   $ echo $PATH

Procedure

1. Edit the install-config.yaml configuration file so that it contains the credentialsMode parameter set to Manual.

   Example install-config.yaml configuration file

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: cluster1.example.com
   credentialsMode: Manual 1
   compute:
   - architecture: amd64
     hyperthreading: Enabled

   1

   This line is added to set the credentialsMode parameter to Manual.

2. To generate the manifests, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

   $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>

3. From the directory that contains the installation program, set a $RELEASE_IMAGE variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:

   $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

4. Extract the list of CredentialsRequest custom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

   $ oc adm release extract \
     --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \
     --credentials-requests \
     --included \1
     --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \2
     --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> 3

   1

   The --included parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires.

   2

   Specify the location of the install-config.yaml file.

   3

   Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the CredentialsRequest objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.

   This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

   Sample CredentialsRequest object

     apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
     kind: CredentialsRequest
     metadata:
       labels:
         controller-tools.k8s.io: "1.0"
       name: openshift-image-registry-ibmcos
       namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
     spec:
       secretRef:
         name: installer-cloud-credentials
         namespace: openshift-image-registry
       providerSpec:
         apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
         kind: IBMCloudProviderSpec
         policies:
         - attributes:
           - name: serviceName
             value: cloud-object-storage
           roles:
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Viewer
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Operator
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Editor
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:Reader
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::serviceRole:Writer
         - attributes:
           - name: resourceType
             value: resource-group
           roles:
           - crn:v1:bluemix:public:iam::::role:Viewer

5. Create the service ID for each credential request, assign the policies defined, create an API key, and generate the secret:

   $ ccoctl ibmcloud create-service-id \
     --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credential_requests_directory> \1
     --name=<cluster_name> \2
     --output-dir=<installation_directory> \3
     --resource-group-name=<resource_group_name> 4

   1

   Specify the directory containing the files for the component CredentialsRequest objects.

   2

   Specify the name of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

   3

   Optional: Specify the directory in which you want the ccoctl utility to create objects. By default, the utility creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run.

   4

   Optional: Specify the name of the resource group used for scoping the access policies.

   Note

   If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the TechPreviewNoUpgrade feature set, you must include the --enable-tech-preview parameter.

   If an incorrect resource group name is provided, the installation fails during the bootstrap phase. To find the correct resource group name, run the following command:

   $ grep resourceGroupName <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml

Procedure

1. Export the OPENSHIFT_INSTALL_OS_IMAGE_OVERRIDE variable to specify the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image by running the following command:

   $ export OPENSHIFT_INSTALL_OS_IMAGE_OVERRIDE="<path_to_image>/rhcos-<image_version>-ibmcloud.x86_64.qcow2.gz"

2. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:

   $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 1
       --log-level=info 2

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.

   2

   To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

Procedure

1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

   $ oc whoami

   Example output

   system:admin