2.6. Installing a cluster on AWS in a restricted network
In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.5, you can install a cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS) in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content on an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
2.6.1. Prerequisites
You mirrored the images for a disconnected installation to your registry and obtained the
imageContentSources
data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform.重要Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
You have an existing VPC in AWS. When installing to a restricted network using installer-provisioned infrastructure, you cannot use the installer-provisioned VPC. You must use a user-provisioned VPC that satisfies one of the following requirements:
- Contains the mirror registry.
- Has firewall rules or a peering connection to access the mirror registry hosted elsewhere.
- You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes.
You configured an AWS account to host the cluster.
重要If you have an AWS profile stored on your computer, it must not use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-lived credentials. To generate appropriate keys, see Managing Access Keys for IAM Users in the AWS documentation. You can supply the keys when you run the installation program.
- You downloaded the AWS CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer (Linux, macOS, or Unix) in the AWS documentation.
If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
注意If you are configuring a proxy, be sure to also review this site list.
- If you do not allow the system to manage identity and access management (IAM), then a cluster administrator can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. Manual mode can also be used in environments where the cloud IAM APIs are not reachable.
2.6.2. About installations in restricted networks
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.5, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the Internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.
If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s IAM service, require Internet access, so you might still require Internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less Internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.
To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift Container Platform registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the Internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.
2.6.2.1. Additional limits
Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:
-
The
ClusterVersion
status includes anUnable to retrieve available updates
error. - By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.
2.6.3. About using a custom VPC
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.5, you can deploy a cluster into existing subnets in an existing Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Amazon Web Services (AWS). By deploying OpenShift Container Platform into an existing AWS VPC, you might be able to avoid limit constraints in new accounts or more easily abide by the operational constraints that your company’s guidelines set. If you cannot obtain the infrastructure creation permissions that are required to create the VPC yourself, use this installation option.
Because the installation program cannot know what other components are also in your existing subnets, it cannot choose subnet CIDRs and so forth on your behalf. You must configure networking for the subnets that you install your cluster to yourself.
2.6.3.1. Requirements for using your VPC
The installation program no longer creates the following components:
- Internet gateways
- NAT gateways
- Subnets
- Route tables
- VPCs
- VPC DHCP options
- VPC endpoints
If you use a custom VPC, you must correctly configure it and its subnets for the installation program and the cluster to use. The installation program cannot subdivide network ranges for the cluster to use, set route tables for the subnets, or set VPC options like DHCP, so you must do so before you install the cluster.
Your VPC must meet the following characteristics:
-
The VPC’s CIDR block must contain the
Networking.MachineCIDR
range, which is the IP address pool for cluster machines. -
The VPC must not use the
kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: owned
tag. -
You must enable the
enableDnsSupport
andenableDnsHostnames
attributes in your VPC so that the cluster can use the Route 53 zones that are attached to the VPC to resolve cluster’s internal DNS records. See DNS Support in Your VPC in the AWS documentation.
If you use a cluster with public access, you must create a public and a private subnet for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
The installation program modifies your subnets to add the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared
tag, so your subnets must have at least one free tag slot available for it. Review the current Tag Restrictions in the AWS documentation to ensure that the installation program can add a tag to each subnet that you specify.
If you are working in a disconnected environment, you are unable to reach the public IP addresses for EC2 and ELB endpoints. To resolve this, you must create a VPC endpoint and attach it to the subnet that the clusters are using. The endpoints should be named as follows:
-
ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
-
elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
-
s3.<region>.amazonaws.com
Required VPC components
You must provide a suitable VPC and subnets that allow communication to your machines.
Component | AWS type | Description | |
---|---|---|---|
VPC |
| You must provide a public VPC for the cluster to use. The VPC uses an endpoint that references the route tables for each subnet to improve communication with the registry that is hosted in S3. | |
Public subnets |
| Your VPC must have public subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones and associate them with appropriate Ingress rules. | |
Internet gateway |
| You must have a public Internet gateway, with public routes, attached to the VPC. In the provided templates, each public subnet has a NAT gateway with an EIP address. These NAT gateways allow cluster resources, like private subnet instances, to reach the Internet and are not required for some restricted network or proxy scenarios. | |
Network access control |
| You must allow the VPC to access the following ports: | |
Port | Reason | ||
| Inbound HTTP traffic | ||
| Inbound HTTPS traffic | ||
| Inbound SSH traffic | ||
| Inbound ephemeral traffic | ||
| Outbound ephemeral traffic | ||
Private subnets |
| Your VPC can have private subnets. The provided CloudFormation templates can create private subnets for between 1 and 3 availability zones. If you use private subnets, you must provide appropriate routes and tables for them. |
2.6.3.2. VPC validation
To ensure that the subnets that you provide are suitable, the installation program confirms the following data:
- All the subnets that you specify exist.
- You provide private subnets.
- The subnet CIDRs belong to the machine CIDR that you specified.
- You provide subnets for each availability zone. Each availability zone contains no more than one public and one private subnet. If you use a private cluster, provide only a private subnet for each availability zone. Otherwise, provide exactly one public and private subnet for each availability zone.
- You provide a public subnet for each private subnet availability zone. Machines are not provisioned in availability zones that you do not provide private subnets for.
If you destroy a cluster that uses an existing VPC, the VPC is not deleted. When you remove the OpenShift Container Platform cluster from a VPC, the kubernetes.io/cluster/.*: shared
tag is removed from the subnets that it used.
2.6.3.3. Division of permissions
Starting with OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you do not need all of the permissions that are required for an installation program-provisioned infrastructure cluster to deploy a cluster. This change mimics the division of permissions that you might have at your company: some individuals can create different resource in your clouds than others. For example, you might be able to create application-specific items, like instances, buckets, and load balancers, but not networking-related components such as VPCs, subnets, or ingress rules.
The AWS credentials that you use when you create your cluster do not need the networking permissions that are required to make VPCs and core networking components within the VPC, such as subnets, routing tables, Internet gateways, NAT, and VPN. You still need permission to make the application resources that the machines within the cluster require, such as ELBs, security groups, S3 buckets, and nodes.
2.6.3.4. Isolation between clusters
If you deploy OpenShift Container Platform to an existing network, the isolation of cluster services is reduced in the following ways:
- You can install multiple OpenShift Container Platform clusters in the same VPC.
- ICMP ingress is allowed from the entire network.
- TCP 22 ingress (SSH) is allowed to the entire network.
- Control plane TCP 6443 ingress (Kubernetes API) is allowed to the entire network.
- Control plane TCP 22623 ingress (MCS) is allowed to the entire network.
2.6.4. Internet and Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform
In OpenShift Container Platform 4.5, you require access to the Internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster. The Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, also requires Internet access. If your cluster is connected to the Internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager (OCM).
Once you confirm that your Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually using OCM, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level.
You must have Internet access to:
- Access the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager page to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has Internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
- Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
- Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.
If your cluster cannot have direct Internet access, you can perform a restricted network installation on some types of infrastructure that you provision. During that process, you download the content that is required and use it to populate a mirror registry with the packages that you need to install a cluster and generate the installation program. With some installation types, the environment that you install your cluster in will not require Internet access. Before you update the cluster, you update the content of the mirror registry.
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
2.6.5. Generating an SSH private key and adding it to the agent
If you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on your cluster, you must provide an SSH key to both your ssh-agent
and the installation program. You can use this key to access the bootstrap machine in a public cluster to troubleshoot installation issues.
In a production environment, you require disaster recovery and debugging.
You can use this key to SSH into the master nodes as the user core
. When you deploy the cluster, the key is added to the core
user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.
Procedure
If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' \ -f <path>/<file_name> 1
- 1
- Specify the path and file name, such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.
Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.
注意If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.Start the
ssh-agent
process as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
- 1
- Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
Next steps
- When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
2.6.6. Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your bastion host.
-
Have the
imageContentSources
values that were generated during mirror registry creation. - Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
- Retrieve a Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image and upload it to an accessible location.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir=<installation_directory> 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
重要Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
注意For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.- Select AWS as the platform to target.
- If you do not have an Amazon Web Services (AWS) profile stored on your computer, enter the AWS access key ID and secret access key for the user that you configured to run the installation program.
- Select the AWS region to deploy the cluster to.
- Select the base domain for the Route 53 service that you configured for your cluster.
- Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
- Paste the pull secret that you obtained from the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
Edit the
install-config.yaml
file to provide the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.Update the
pullSecret
value to contain the authentication information for your registry:pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<bastion_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
For
<bastion_host_name>
, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for<credentials>
, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.Add the
additionalTrustBundle
parameter and value.additionalTrustBundle: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE-----
The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry, which can be an existing, trusted certificate authority or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
Define the subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in:
subnets: - subnet-1 - subnet-2 - subnet-3
Add the image content resources, which look like this excerpt:
imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <bastion_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.example.com/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <bastion_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.example.com/ocp/release
To complete these values, use the
imageContentSources
that you recorded during mirror registry creation.
-
Make any other modifications to the
install-config.yaml
file that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section. Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.重要The
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
2.6.6.1. Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml
file.
The openshift-install
command does not validate field names for parameters. If an incorrect name is specified, the related file or object is not created, and no error is reported. Ensure that the field names for any parameters that are specified are correct.
2.6.6.1.1. Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the | String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource | Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
| Get a pull secret from https://cloud.redhat.com/openshift/install/pull-secret to authenticate downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components from services such as Quay.io. |
{ "auths":{ "cloud.openshift.com":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" }, "quay.io":{ "auth":"b3Blb=", "email":"you@example.com" } } } |
2.6.6.1.2. Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object 注意
You cannot modify parameters specified by the |
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-in to install. |
Either |
| The IP address blocks for pods.
The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 |
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix.
The default value is |
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: networking: serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 |
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example: networking: machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 |
|
Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation.
For example, 注意
Set the |
2.6.6.1.3. Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. | Array of machine-pool objects. For details, see the following "Machine-pool" table. |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or 重要 If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String |
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or 重要 If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
|
Required if you use |
|
| The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
|
Enable or disable FIPS mode. The default is 注意 If you are using Azure File storage, you cannot enable FIPS mode. |
|
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
|
Required if you use | String |
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings |
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
Setting this field to 重要
If the value of the field is set to |
| The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines. 注意
For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
For example, |
2.6.6.1.4. Optional AWS configuration parameters
Optional AWS configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) that is reserved for the root volume. |
Integer, for example |
| The size in GiB of the root volume. |
Integer, for example |
| The instance type of the root volume. |
Valid AWS EBS instance type, such as |
| The EC2 instance type for the compute machines. |
Valid AWS instance type, such as |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the compute machine pool. If you provide your own VPC, you must provide a subnet in that availability zone. |
A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as |
| The AWS region that the installation program creates compute resources in. |
Any valid AWS region, such as |
| The EC2 instance type for the control plane machines. |
Valid AWS instance type, such as |
| The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the control plane machine pool. |
A list of valid AWS availability zones, such as |
| The AWS region that the installation program creates control plane resources in. |
Valid AWS region, such as |
| A map of keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all resources that it creates. |
Any valid YAML map, such as key value pairs in the |
|
If you provide the VPC instead of allowing the installation program to create the VPC for you, specify the subnet for the cluster to use. The subnet must be part of the same | Valid subnet IDs. |
2.6.6.2. Sample customized install-config.yaml
file for AWS
You can customize the install-config.yaml
file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml
file by using the installation program and modify it.
apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: example.com 1 controlPlane: 2 hyperthreading: Enabled 3 4 name: master platform: aws: zones: - us-west-2a - us-west-2b rootVolume: iops: 4000 size: 500 type: io1 type: m5.xlarge 5 replicas: 3 compute: 6 - hyperthreading: Enabled 7 name: worker platform: aws: rootVolume: iops: 2000 size: 500 type: io1 8 type: c5.4xlarge zones: - us-west-2c replicas: 3 metadata: name: test-cluster 9 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 machineNetwork: - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16 networkType: OpenShiftSDN serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 platform: aws: region: us-west-2 10 userTags: adminContact: jdoe costCenter: 7536 subnets: 11 - subnet-1 - subnet-2 - subnet-3 fips: false 12 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 13 fips: false 14 sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... 15 pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}' 16 additionalTrustBundle: | 17 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- imageContentSources: 18 - mirrors: - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release source: registry.svc.ci.openshift.org/ocp/release
- 1 9 10
- Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
- 2 6
- If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
- 3 7
- The
controlPlane
section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of thecompute
section must begin with a hyphen,-
, and the first line of thecontrolPlane
section must not. Although both sections currently define a single machine pool, it is possible that future versions of OpenShift Container Platform will support defining multiple compute pools during installation. Only one control plane pool is used. - 4 5
- Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading
. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value toDisabled
. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.重要If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger instance types, such as
m4.2xlarge
orm5.2xlarge
, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading. - 8
- To configure faster storage for etcd, especially for larger clusters, set the storage type as
io1
and setiops
to2000
. - 11 14
- If you provide your own VPC, specify subnets for each availability zone that your cluster uses.
- 12 15
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
- 13
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster. - 16
- Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.
- 17
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster. - 18
- You can optionally provide the
sshKey
value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.注意For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses. - For
<local_registry>
, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For exampleregistry.example.com
orregistry.example.com:5000
. For<credentials>
, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry. - Provide the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry.
- Provide the
imageContentSources
section from the output of the command to mirror the repository.
2.6.6.3. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the Internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
-
An existing
install-config.yaml
file. Review the sites that your cluster requires access to and determine whether any need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. Add sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.注意The
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: | 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- ...
- 1
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be
http
. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify anhttpProxy
value. - 2
- A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. If this field is not specified, then
httpProxy
is used for both HTTP and HTTPS connections. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify anhttpsProxy
value. - 3
- A comma-separated list of destination domain names, domains, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude proxying. Preface a domain with
.
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass proxy for all destinations. - 4
- If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named
user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in theProxy
object’strustedCA
field. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must provide the MITM CA certificate.
注意The installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.- Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the Proxy
object named cluster
is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.
2.6.7. Deploying the cluster
You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the create cluster
command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.
Prerequisites
- Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
- Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Run the installation program:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir=<installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level=info 2
注意If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user, display in your terminal.重要The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.重要You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
-
Optional: Remove or disable the
AdministratorAccess
policy from the IAM account that you used to install the cluster.
2.6.8. Installing the CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) in order to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of oc
, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.5. Download and install the new version of oc
.
2.6.8.1. Installing the CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
- Select your infrastructure provider, and, if applicable, your installation type.
- In the Command line interface section, select Linux from the drop-down menu and click Download command-line tools.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvzf <file>
Place the
oc
binary in a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc
command:
$ oc <command>
2.6.8.2. Installing the CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
- Select your infrastructure provider, and, if applicable, your installation type.
- In the Command line interface section, select Windows from the drop-down menu and click Download command-line tools.
- Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory that is on yourPATH
.To check your
PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc
command:
C:\> oc <command>
2.6.8.3. Installing the CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
- Navigate to the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
- Select your infrastructure provider, and, if applicable, your installation type.
- In the Command line interface section, select MacOS from the drop-down menu and click Download command-line tools.
- Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the
oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc
command:
$ oc <command>
2.6.9. Logging in to the cluster
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
Prerequisites
- Deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
-
Install the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1
- 1
- For
<installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
2.6.10. Next steps
- Customize your cluster.
-
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the
must-gather
tool. - Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks.
- If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
- If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.