第 2 章 Controlling pod placement onto nodes (scheduling)
2.1. Controlling pod placement using the scheduler
Pod scheduling is an internal process that determines placement of new pods onto nodes within the cluster.
The scheduler code has a clean separation that watches new pods as they get created and identifies the most suitable node to host them. It then creates bindings (pod to node bindings) for the pods using the master API.
- Default pod scheduling
- OpenShift Container Platform comes with a default scheduler that serves the needs of most users. The default scheduler uses both inherent and customization tools to determine the best fit for a pod.
- Advanced pod scheduling
In situations where you might want more control over where new pods are placed, the OpenShift Container Platform advanced scheduling features allow you to configure a pod so that the pod is required or has a preference to run on a particular node or alongside a specific pod by.
- Using pod affinity and anti-affinity rules.
- Controlling pod placement with pod affinity.
- Controlling pod placement with node affinity.
- Placing pods on overcomitted nodes.
- Controlling pod placement with node selectors.
- Controlling pod placement with taints and tolerations.
2.1.1. Scheduler Use Cases
One of the important use cases for scheduling within OpenShift Container Platform is to support flexible affinity and anti-affinity policies.
2.1.1.1. Infrastructure Topological Levels
Administrators can define multiple topological levels for their infrastructure (nodes) by specifying labels on nodes. For example: region=r1, zone=z1, rack=s1.
These label names have no particular meaning and administrators are free to name their infrastructure levels anything, such as city/building/room. Also, administrators can define any number of levels for their infrastructure topology, with three levels usually being adequate (such as: regions zones racks). Administrators can specify affinity and anti-affinity rules at each of these levels in any combination.
2.1.1.2. Affinity
Administrators should be able to configure the scheduler to specify affinity at any topological level, or even at multiple levels. Affinity at a particular level indicates that all pods that belong to the same service are scheduled onto nodes that belong to the same level. This handles any latency requirements of applications by allowing administrators to ensure that peer pods do not end up being too geographically separated. If no node is available within the same affinity group to host the pod, then the pod is not scheduled.
If you need greater control over where the pods are scheduled, see Controlling pod placement on nodes using node affinity rules and Placing pods relative to other pods using affinity and anti-affinity rules.
These advanced scheduling features allow administrators to specify which node a pod can be scheduled on and to force or reject scheduling relative to other pods.
2.1.1.3. Anti-Affinity
Administrators should be able to configure the scheduler to specify anti-affinity at any topological level, or even at multiple levels. Anti-affinity (or 'spread') at a particular level indicates that all pods that belong to the same service are spread across nodes that belong to that level. This ensures that the application is well spread for high availability purposes. The scheduler tries to balance the service pods across all applicable nodes as evenly as possible.
If you need greater control over where the pods are scheduled, see Controlling pod placement on nodes using node affinity rules and Placing pods relative to other pods using affinity and anti-affinity rules.
These advanced scheduling features allow administrators to specify which node a pod can be scheduled on and to force or reject scheduling relative to other pods.
